Abstract: The invention relates to hydrogen peroxide manufacture, and catalyst therefor, by direct oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen in an acidic aqueous medium. The catalyst includes a Group VIII metal on a partially hydrophobic, partially hydrophilic support, such as Pd on fluorinated carbon. Improvements in H.sub.2 O.sub.2 selectivity and catalyst stability are achieved by adding a source of sodium and chloride ions to the reaction medium and, in the case of a fluorinated carbon support, adding a source of fluoride ions.

Abstract: A carbon-supported metal hydrodehalogenation catalyst is disclosed which is prepared by impregnating a carbon support having an ash content of less than about 0.2% by weight (based on the weight of said support) with a combination of metals consisting essentially of from 5 to 95 parts by weight gold and from 95 to 5 parts by weight total ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and/or platinum; and treating said impregnated carbon composition to dry the composition and to provide metal of said combination in a reduced state, the impregnation of treatment being accomplished at a temperature of about 350.degree. C. or less. The advantageous use of the catalyst for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of fluorohalocarbons and fluorohalohydrocarbons is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an active composite consisting of a compressed support and an active agent. The compressed support comprises a porous support which is chemically inert and is a good thermal conductor, so as to allow complete and rapid interactions between the active agent, dispersed in the support, and a gas flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst having a stable catalytic activity for catalyzing the reaction of an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbonic acid esters (i.e., carbonate), and also the present invention relates to a method of producing carbonic acid esters using this catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a copper halide and at least one hydroxide compound selected from a group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkali earth metal hydroxides carried on a porous carrier, and also provide a process of regenerating a catalytic activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process of preparing a catalyst having narrow particle size distribution and supported with monodispersed metal particles of which a particle size is about less than 20 .ANG.. In the present invention, propargyl alcohol is employed in place of a sulfur-containing agent for supporting the metal particles on a support thereby avoiding the contamination of the sulfur component and the high temperature treatment for decomposing the sulfur-containing agent. Accordingly, the resulting catalyst contains no sulfur contaminant and substantially no agglomerated metal particles.

Abstract: A catalyst for dimerizing a lower .alpha.-olefin monomer with an enhanced selectivity comprises a carrier comprising at least one anhydrous potassium compound, preferably a mixture of potassium fluoride with potassium carbonate, and a carbon material; and a catalytic component carried on the carrier and comprising an alkali metal, preferably sodium metal, the catalyst preferably being compression molded into grains.

Abstract: A halogenated or sulfonated active carbon which has a high storage capacity for methane is provided from selected halogens in elemental form or solutions of such halogens or from solutions of sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide.

Abstract: An air purifying agent comprising a carbonaceous carrier and activated manganese dioxide and iodate supported thereon. According to the present invention, there can be provided an air purifying agent which is safe to handle and exhibits sufficient effect for removing contaminated gases.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrogen peroxide manufacture, and catalyst therefor, by direct oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen in an acidic aqueous medium. The catalyst includes a Group VIII metal on a partially hydrophobic, partially hydrophilic support, such as Pd on fluorinated carbon. Improvements in H.sub.2 O.sub.2 selectivity and catalyst stability are achieved by adding a source of sodium and chloride ions to the reaction medium and, in the case of a fluorinated carbon support, adding a source of fluoride ions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for adsorptive separation of carbon monoxide or olefins from gas mixtures using adsorbents, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on, preferably pretreated, supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. The reduction can be performed either by the use of elevated temperature or by the use of a reducing gas preferably carbon monoxide at relatively low temperatures up to 150.degree. C. Methods of synthesis are also disclosed.

Abstract: An unsaturated halohydrocarbon such as vinylidene chloride is produced by the dehydrohalogenation of haloalkanes such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or 1,1,2-trichloroethane, by contacting the haloalkane with a Group IA metal halide and a Group IIA or IIB metal oxide or metal hydroxide, together supported on a porous carrier material, under reaction conditions sufficient to form the corresponding unsaturated hydrocarbon and a Group IIA or IIB metal halide. The Group IIA or IIB metal oxide or metal hydroxide may be regenerated by contacting the Group IIA or IIB metal halide with an alkanol or water.

Abstract: Impregnated carbon adsorbents for the removal of mercury from liquid hydrocarbons are used in a variety of applications. The activated carbon impregnated adsorbents in the present invention remain effective in removing mercury. Generally, these activated carbons are comprised of an activated carbon adsorbent impregnated with a composition containing metal halide or other reducing halide, supplemented according to the desired characteristics with other elements. The formulation of the impregnants in the present invention can be varied to adjust the performance characteristics so as to meet the desired mercury removal performance criteria, to achieve enhanced removal of organic bound mercury from liquid hydrocarbon, and to have other advantages useful in a variety of applications. These impregnated carbon adsorbents possess desirable qualities regarding their ability to remove even trace levels of mercury from liquid hydrocarbon without a leaching effect of the impregnants used.

Abstract: Activated charcoal, or ASC whetlerite charcoal for use in providing protection against chemical warfare agents, contains chromium VI, which is a known carcinogen, as well as other metal impregnants. Thus disposal of the charcoal can present problems. The charcoal is usually impregnated with the chromium and other active metals by placing the charcoal in a solution of the metals, and oven drying the charcoal so that crystals are deposited thereon. It has been found that if the charcoal is freeze-dried the quantity of the metals such as chromium VI can be reduced by as much as 50% without compromising the performance of the charcoal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating carbonaceous catalyst with a gaseous halogen or a gaseous halogen compound to increase the catalytic activity and prolong the useful life of the catalyst. The treatment of the catalyst is conducted at temperatures above about 150 degrees C., preferably with the use of an inert gas, which inert gas is flowed through the carbonaceous material, and which inert gas carries the gaseous halogen or the gaseous halogen compound to the carbonaceous material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for adsorptive separation of carbon monoxide or olefins from gas mixtures using adsorbents, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on, preferably pretreated, supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. The reduction can be performed either by the use of elevated temperature or by the use of a reducing gas preferably carbon monoxide at relatively low temperatures up to 150.degree. C. Methods of synthesis are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dihydrocarbyl carbonates comprising contacting an alkanol such as methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen with a heterogeneous catalyst which comprises a metal halide such as cupric chloride or a mixed metal halide such as cupric chloride/potassium chloride impregnated on an appropriate support such as activated carbon; and a process for reactivating metal halide catalysts supported on porous carrier materials comprising drying and then contacting the supported catalysts with a gaseous stream of hydrogen halide for a period of time which is sufficient to convert all of the metal present in whatever form to the corresponding metal halide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to active compositions, such as adsorbents and catalysts, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on pretreated supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by activation of the cupric compound or reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. Methods of synthesis and processes utilizing the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Specifically fluorinated carbons have enhanced chemical and/or electrochemical stabilities to corrosion, improved hydrophobicity, lubricating properties, etc., making them especially useful as electrodes in both energy consuming and energy producing electrochemical cells, such as batteries, fuel cells and cells for the electrochemical synthesis of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. The specifically fluorinated carbons may also be employed as lubricants, in fabrication of reactors for generating energy, chemical reaction vessels and as catalyst supports.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the regeneration and/or activation of a noble catalyst comprising contacting said catalyst with an atmosphere comprising a fluorohalocarbon and/or a fluorohydrocarbon of the formula, C.sub.n H.sub.m F.sub.p X.sub.q, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine; n is an integer from 1 to 6; m is an integer from 0 to 6, provided that m can be no more than the total n in the compound; p and q are integers from 1-13 when the compound is acyclic and integers from 1-11 when the compound is cyclic, provided that the fluorohalocarbon and/or fluorohalohydrocarbon always contains at least one chlorine or bromine atom and provided that m+p+q=2n+2 when the compound is acyclic and that m+p+q=2n when the compound is cyclic, at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalytic compositions for the hydrogenation of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane to chlorotrifluoroethylene and trifluoroethylene comprising a porous oxygenated support impregnated with a metal of group VIII of the periodic table of the elements and one or more compounds chosen from the salts of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.The invention also relates to a process for obtaining these catalytic compositions and a process of hydrogenation by means of these catalytic compositions.

Abstract: A catalyst composition prepared by depositing a metal or metal compound onto a preformed carbon support and thereafter converting said metal or metal compounds to an oxide or sulfide having hydrogenation activity. The metal is selected from the group of metals consisting of Groups II-B, IV-B, IV-A, V-A, VI-A, VII-A and VIII-A metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The catalyst compositions are useful in hydroconversion and hydrotreating processes.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the regeneration and/or activation of a noble catalyst comprising contacting said catalyst with an atmosphere comprising a fluorohalocarbon and/or a fluorohydrocarbon of the formula, C.sub.n H.sub.m F.sub.p X.sub.q, wherein X is chlorine and/or bromine; n is an integer from 1 to 6; m is an integer from 0 to 6, provided that m can be no more than the total n in the compound; p and q are integers from 1-13 when the compound is acrylic and integers from 1-11 when the compound is cyclic, provided that the fluorohalocarbon and/or fluorohalohydrocarbon always contain at least one chlorine or bromine atom and provided that m+p+q=2n+2 when the compound is acrylic and that m+p+q=2n when the compound is cyclic, at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Carbonaceous adsorbent particles having multimodal pore size, including micropores and macropores, with improved adsorptive and separative properties, are prepared by partial pyrolysis of polysulfonated macroporous precursor resins, said resins being in turn derived from macroporous poly(vinylaromatic) resins. The particles may be further treated by activating with reactive gases or by functionalization.

Abstract: Discontinuities, edge sites and grain boundaries in carbons, the primary locations of instabilities for oxidative corrosion and degradation, are prepared by preoxidation to form carbon-oxides followed by highly selective and relatively mild fluorination to specifically substitute carbon-oxygen functionality with stable carbon-fluorine groups. The novel fluorinated carbons have enhanced chemical and/or electrochemical stabilities to corrosion, improved hydrophobicity, lubricating properties, etc.

Abstract: A unique class of intinsically magnetic graphite intercalation compounds and methods for their making is provided. These compositions are ferromagnetic, electrical insulators, and rubber-like in consistency. The compositions are useful in a variety of different applications in view of their intrinsic magnetism, electrical resistance, and rubber-like qualities.

Abstract: A particulate catalyst composition suitable for purification of terephthalic acid under reducing conditions and a method of preparation of such catalyst are disclosed. The catalyst composition includes catalytically active rhodium on a porous, granular, carbonaceous support material having a surface area of at least about 600 m.sup.2 /gram. Rhodium is present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 2 weight percent, based on the total weight of dry catalyst composition and calculated as elemental metal. In the presence of hydrogen, this catalyst exhibits a reduced terephthalic acid decomposition rate that is comparable to that for a palladium-on-carbon catalyst having the same catalyst metal loading. The catalyst is prepared by contacting a carbonaceous support material having a surface area of at least 600 m.sup.2 /gm and a pH value in its aqueous suspension of 9-11 with an aqueous rhodium salt solution having a pH of 1-4.

Abstract: A process for the production of diesters of oxalic acid by oxidative carbonylation of alcohols with carbon monoxide and oxygen as oxidizer at pressures of 1 to 700 atmospheres and in a temperature range between 20.degree. and 250.degree. C. in a reaction phase containing the alcohol and, as catalyst, palladium and at least one metal halide in catalytically effective amounts, whereby a catalyst system is used which consists of palladium, at least one metal halide, and an activated carbon which has been pretreated before use by heating to 200.degree.-1,500.degree. C. in a gas atmosphere G, differing from air.The gas atmosphere G, differing from air, consists, preferably, of at least one of the gases (a) nitrogen; (b) nitrogen compounds, except those with nitrogen-oxygen bonds; or (c) carbon monoxide; and may optionally contain an accompanying gas.

Abstract: An air cleaning material for use in air filters comprises a porous substrate which contains zinc oxide with a metal salt. The salt advantageously comprises a metal chloride. The porous substrate advantageously comprises activated carbon or a silica gel, molecular sieves or activated alumina may serve as the substrate.

Abstract: Pt catalyst on a substrate provides an air purification particularly for carbon oxide contained in the inhaled air is caused to react with air oxygen on the surface of carbon oxide catalysts and thus removed. But it is desirable for many air filter applications to eliminate, in addition to CO, other harmful gases from the air also. The Pt catalyst used as gaskmask filter material offers, particularly, but little protection additionally against acid gases. Due to an additional impregnation with the oxides of amine-forming heavy metals, the separating powers for acid gases is increased extraordinarily without reducing the capability of the Pt catalyst to oxidize CO catalytically. There even results an intensification of the respective effectiveness.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel heterogeneous catalyst system adapted for alkanol homologation, which comprises lanthanum hydroxide and a rhodium or ruthenium moiety, e.g. RhCl.sub.3 or RuCl.sub.3.

Abstract: Catalyst for the production of methane from carbon and/or coal by means of catalytic gasification. The catalyst compostion containing at least two alkali metal salts. A particulate carbonaceous substrate or carrier is used.

Abstract: A process is specified for preparing a chromium- and magnesium-containing catalyst for fluorination reactions by precipitating chromium(III) hydroxide. In this process, 1 mole of a water-soluble chromium(III) salt is reacted with at least 1.5 moles of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide in the presence of water, and the reaction mixture--if necessary by evaporation--is converted into a paste which contains chromium(III) hydroxide and a magnesium salt. The paste is dried and treated with hydrogen fluoride at temperatures of 20.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: Low ash pelleted carbon is prepared by contacting pelleted carbon first with hydrochloric acid followed by leaching with hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: A novel ternary intercalation compound of a graphite with a metal fluoride and fluorine, which is represented by the formula C.sub.x F(MF.sub.z).sub.y wherein M is a metal is produced by reacting a graphite material with a metal fluoride in an atmosphere of fluorine gas at a temperature of 0.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. for at least a period of time to effect a weight increase in the graphite. The ternary graphite intercalation compound thus obtained has not only an excellent stability to humidity or moisture but also a high electrical conductivity. The novel ternary graphite intercalation compound according to the present invention may be practically used as a novel electrically conductive material and a catalyst of organic reactions.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved catalysts for gaseous phase fluorination of aliphatic chlorinated and chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons by hydrofluoric acid. The catalysts are characterized by an active carbon support having a total specific surface area greater than about 1000 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 2000 m.sup.2 /g, a surface area of pores of 40 to 50 .ANG. in radius above about 5 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 15 m.sup.2 /g, a surface area of pores greater than or equal to 250 .ANG. in radius above about 2 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 6 m.sup.2 /g, which has been impregnated with an aqueous chromium trioxide solution and dried. This invention also relates to gaseous phase fluorination processes for chlorinated or chlorofluorinated derivatives utilizing these catalysts in fluidized bed reactors.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel catalyst for reforming gasoline comprising a low valence titanium, vanadium and/or chromium metallic component composited with a non-oxidizing high surface area support. The low valence metallic component is present in divalent form or as a combination of the metallic state and the divalent form - preferably as a chloride and/or bromide. The preferred support is a high surface area coke.

Abstract: Activated agglomerated carbon may be prepared by leaching with a hydrohalic acid followed by displacement of the residual halide with organic carboxylate during subsequent washing with a water-soluble organic carboxylic acid or a water-soluble ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing activated fibrous carbon comprises carbonizing and activating vegetable fibers in the presence of at least a member selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts of inorganic acids, nitric acid and boric acid and zinc chloride of about 5 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the vegetable fibers. The process increases remarkably a yield of activated fibrous carbon and therefore permits the supply of activated fibrous carbon at by far reduced costs as compared with the conventional process, and the resulting activated carbon shows superior adsorption capability and flexibility.