Abstract: Provided is a low-cost catalyst that has excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity and is useful as a catalyst for water electrolysis, an electrode catalyst for an air battery, or the like. The catalyst includes (A) Ni atoms, (B) a condensate of thiourea and formaldehyde, and (C) porous carbon.

Abstract: Provided are an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a method of decomposing ammonia. The ammonia decomposition catalyst includes an activated carbon carrier and a metal loaded on the carrier, wherein a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area of the carrier is about 850 m2/g or more, and the metal includes cerium (Ce).

Abstract: Graphene quantum dots are functionalized by covalently bonding a corrosion inhibitor molecule thereto. In a useful method, a corrosion inhibitor compound is blended with a graphene quantum dot-tagged corrosion inhibitor compound, and the blend is applied to a metal surface, such as the interior of a carbon steel pipe. The blend inhibits corrosion arising from contact with produced water generated by hydrocarbon recovery from one or more subterranean reservoirs. The produced water having the blend dispersed therein is irradiated with a source of light having a selected first range of wavelengths, and the luminescent emission of the graphene quantum dot-tagged corrosion inhibitor is measured at a selected second range of wavelengths, thereby providing for real-time measurement of corrosion inhibitor concentration within the pipe.

Abstract: An activated carbon-based media for efficient removal of chloramines as well as chlorine and ammonia from an aqueous stream is presented, and a method for making the same. The method involves preparing activated carbon that remove chloramines efficiently from chloramine-rich aqueous media. In particular, this application relates to the use of high performance catalytically active carbon for an efficient removal of chloramine from drinking water in the form of a solid carbon block or granular carbon media. The activated carbon is treated with a nitrogen-rich compound, such as, melamine.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing an anode dual catalyst for a fuel cell so as to prevent a reverse voltage phenomenon and a dual catalyst manufactured by the same. The method may include supporting effectively metal catalyst particles and oxide particles on a conductive support, and thus, a dual catalyst manufactured using the method may be suitably used for controlling a reverse voltage phenomenon that occurs at the anode.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising nanostructured elements comprising microstructured whiskers having an outer surface at least partially covered by a catalyst material comprising at least 90 atomic percent collectively Pt, Ni, and Cr, wherein the Pt is present in a range from 32.4 to 35.8 atomic percent, the Ni is present in a range from 57.7 to 63.7 atomic percent, and the Cr is present in a range from 0.5 to 10.0 atomic percent, and wherein the total atomic percent of Pt, Ni, and Cr equals 100. Catalyst described herein are useful, for example, in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies.

Abstract: The present application relates to a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst body having an open-celled foam structure, said catalyst body comprising a substrate material and a catalytic active material or precursor thereof wherein:—The substrate material: ? is a metal alloy or ceramic material; ? having a surface roughness of 50 ?m or more; ? has an open-celled foam structure with at least 15 pores per inch; and—The catalytically active material or precursor thereof which: ? is present on the surface of the substrate material; ? comprises cobalt, iron, ruthenium or a combination thereof; and ? comprises a catalyst support selected from titania, alumina or silica.

Abstract: A method of producing a porous carbon is provided that can change type of functional groups, amount of functional groups, or ratio of functional groups while inhibiting its pore structure from changing. A method of producing a porous carbon includes: a first step of carbonizing a material containing a carbon source and a template source, to prepare a carbonized product; and a second step of immersing the carbonized product into a template removing solution, to remove a template from the carbonized product, and the method is characterized by changing at least two or more of the following conditions: type of the material, ratio of the carbon source and the template source, size of the template, and type of the template removal solution, to thereby control type, amount, or ratio of functional groups that are present in the porous carbon.

Abstract: A method of forming a carbon material from the stalk or roots of a plant of the Nicotiana species is provided herein, wherein the method includes i) receiving a tobacco material comprising at least one of a stalk material and a root material of a harvested plant of the Nicotiana species; and ii) pyrolyzing the tobacco material to remove volatiles and to form a tobacco-derived carbon material. Optionally, the method can further include activating the tobacco-derived carbon material. The tobacco-derived carbon material can be incorporated into a tobacco product. A carbon material derived from pyrolyzing a tobacco material in the form of at least one of a tobacco stalk material and a tobacco root material of a harvested plant of the Nicotiana species is also provided herein.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst and a method for producing the electrode catalyst are described, in which the electrode catalyst includes catalyst metal particles containing platinum or a platinum alloy, and carrier particles supporting the catalyst metal particles. The carrier particles are made of a carbonaceous material with a BET specific surface area of 700 m2/g or more. The catalyst metal particles have an average particle size of 2.5 to 4.5 nm, and a standard deviation of the particle size of the catalyst metal particles is 1.30 nm or less. The electrode catalyst has a high initial activity and is able to maintain that activity over a long period of time.

Abstract: A composite material of Angstrom-scale nanowire arrays in zeolite and its fabrication methods are provided. The zeolite can be prepared by a hydrothermal method and the Angstrom-scale nanowire arrays can be prepared by using zeolite as a template. The zeolite can have porous structures with an average pore size of 0.74 nm and the plurality of nanowires can have an average diameter smaller than 1 nm and can be dispersed on internal or external surfaces of the porous structures. The Angstrom-scale nanowire arrays can be made of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), or carbon (C). A composite material of the Angstrom-scale aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), or zinc (Zn) nanowire arrays in zeolite can exhibit characteristics of one-dimensional (1D) superconductor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compounds or polymers, and methods of making and using. Also described herein are tagged compositions including an industrial water source treatment compound or polymer combined with a graphene quantum dot tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The tagged materials are tailored to fluoresce at wavelengths with minimized correspondence to the natural or “background” fluorescence of irradiated materials in industrial water sources, enabling quantification of the concentration of the water source treatment compound or polymer in situ by irradiation and fluorescence measurement of the water source containing the tagged water source treatment compound or polymer. The fluorescence measurement methods are similarly useful to quantify mixtures of tagged and untagged water source treatment compounds or polymers present in an industrial water source.

Abstract: An electrode material which may be used in an electrochemical cell used to convert carbon dioxide into useful products, such as synthetic fuel. The electrode material may comprise nano-sized core-shell catalyst (i.e., core-shell nanoparticles, or CSNs) having a catalytic core component encompassed by one or more outer shells, wherein at least one of the outer shells has a mesoporous structure. Electrochemical cells, electrochemical cell electrodes, and methods of making CSNs are also provided.

Abstract: Graphene quantum dots are functionalized by covalently bonding a corrosion inhibitor molecule thereto. In a useful method, a corrosion inhibitor compound is blended with a graphene quantum dot-tagged corrosion inhibitor compound, and the blend is applied to a metal surface, such as the interior of a carbon steel pipe. The blend inhibits corrosion arising from contact with produced water generated by hydrocarbon recovery from one or more subterranean reservoirs. The produced water having the blend dispersed therein is irradiated with a source of light having a selected first range of wavelengths, and the luminescent emission of the graphene quantum dot-tagged corrosion inhibitor is measured at a selected second range of wavelengths, thereby providing for real-time measurement of corrosion inhibitor concentration within the pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous carrier system for reducing the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, which comprises a formaldehyde-binding substance A and a hydroxide-releasing substance B. The invention further relates to a method for producing the porous carrier system, the use of the porous carrier system to reduce the emission of formaldehyde in a wood-based material, a wood-based material comprising the porous carrier system, and a method for producing said wood-based material.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a method that comprises engraving graphene to define super pores. The super pores have an average pore size less than approximately 0.5 nanometers. The graphene can comprise nano carbon. The graphene, when analyzed via X-Ray Diffraction results in major diffraction peaks at two theta of approximately 9.5 degrees, approximately 29 degrees, and approximately 44 degrees.

Abstract: By a process for producing a porous carbon material from a plant-derived material as a raw material, said process including carbonizing the plant-derived material at 800° C. to 1,400° C. and then applying a treatment with an acid or alkali, a porous carbon material having a value of specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g as measured by the nitrogen BET method, a silicon content of at most 1 wt % and a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g is obtainable from a plant-derived material, which has a silicon content of at least 10 wt %, as a raw material. Also provided is a process for producing a porous carbon material equipped with excellent functionality so that the porous carbon material can be used, for example, as an anode material for batteries, an adsorbent, masks, adsorbing sheets, or carriers.

Abstract: Compositions comprising thermo-modified nutshells, for example hazelnut shells, are described herein. The compositions can also comprise one or more feed additives, pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and/or excipients. Also included are methods for producing the thermo-modified nutshell compositions, and methods for using the compositions to treat diarrhea and adsorb toxins as well as promote growth and improve the overall health in humans and other animals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gravity fed purification system having a purification media having a layer of low ash catalytic carbon having a nominal particle size range of about 20 mesh to about 50 mesh, wherein the purification system is able to produce a flow rate of about 1000 to about 1500 cc/min with a pressure head of about 300 to about 350 cc.

Abstract: A method for forming an adherent metal based nanoparticle material layer upon a substrate includes an electrophoretic deposition method for depositing a metal nanoparticle material layer upon the substrate. The metal nanoparticle material layer may then be treated to form the adherent metal based nanoparticle material layer comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide material, a metal nitride material, a metal oxynitride material and a metal chalcogenide material. The method is particularly useful for fabricating a battery electrode comprising a Co3O4 nanoparticle material layer, for use within a lithium ion battery. Other applications include fuel cells, capacitors and catalytic reactors.

Abstract: Provided are a filtration material for filtered venting and a filtered venting device that are more effective in adsorbing radioactive iodine than in the conventional art and are useful for addressing severe accidents. The filtration material for filtered venting comprises granulated zeolite L, wherein at least a portion of the ion exchange sites of the zeolite L are substituted with silver. Of the ion exchange sites, a constitution ratio (a/b) of ion exchange sites (a) substituted with silver to ion exchange sites (b) not substituted with silver is 25/75-55/45. The zeolite L has a silver content of 7-12 wt % on a dry weight basis.

Abstract: The Fischer-Tropsch process can be used for the conversion of hydrocarbonaceous feed stocks into normally liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons (i.e. measured at 0° C., 1 bar). The feed stock (e.g. natural gas, associated gas, coal-bed methane, residual oil fractions, biomass and/or coal) is converted in a first step into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This mixture is often referred to as synthesis gas or syngas. The present invention relates to process for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock and a system for preparing a paraffin product from a carbonaceous feedstock.

Abstract: A supplementary cementitious material used in combination with an activator such as Portland cement to produce a hydraulic binder. The supplementary cementitious material is based on physico-chemically treated filter cake product extracted from dredged sediments and can partially replace Portland cement clinker in conventional concrete applications with positive effects on sustainability (reduction of CO2 emissions, upcycling of residues).

Abstract: Adsorption heat exchanger devices (11, 25) are provided for use in solid sorption refrigeration systems (1) together with methods for making such devices and adsorbent structures therefor. The methods include applying a curable binder, in solution in a solvent, to granular adsorbent material, and then evaporating the solvent and curing the binder. The curable binder solution is sufficiently dilute that, during evaporation of the solvent, the binder becomes concentrated around contact points between granules (18) of the adsorbent material whereby localized bonds (19) are formed around the contact points on curing of the binder.

Abstract: The invention relates a process for preparing a microporous carbon material comprising the following steps: i) providing a cross-linked polymer obtainable by reacting either A1) a maltodextrin deriving from starch comprising amylose in the range from 25 to 50% expressed as dry weight relative to the dry weight of the starch or A2) a cyclodextrin with an organic aromatic dianhydride in a mass ratio of either maltodextrin or cyclodextrin with respect to the organic aromatic dianhydride in the range of 1:0.50 to 1:2, ii) pyrolyzing at a range from 700 to 900° C. with a heating ramp in the range from 5° C./min to 30° C./min in a inert gas flux; and iii) cooling the obtained residue. The microporous carbon material obtainable by the process of the invention consists of micropores having pore size distribution in the range from about 6 to about 16 ? and is used as absorber for liquids and gases.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for electrocatalyst infiltration of a porous substrate, of particular use for preparation of a cathode for a solid oxide fuel cell. The method generally comprises preparing an electrocatalyst infiltrate solution comprising an electrocatalyst, surfactant, chelating agent, and a solvent; pretreating a porous mixed ionic-electric conductive substrate; and applying the electrocatalyst infiltration solution to the porous mixed ionic-electric conductive substrate.

Abstract: Sulfur containing nanoparticles that may be used within cathode electrodes within lithium ion batteries include in a first instance porous carbon shape materials (i.e., either nanoparticle shapes or “bulk” shapes that are subsequently ground to nanoparticle shapes) that are infused with a sulfur material. A synthetic route to these carbon and sulfur containing nanoparticles may use a template nanoparticle to form a hollow carbon shape shell, and subsequent dissolution of the template nanoparticle prior to infusion of the hollow carbon shape shell with a sulfur material. Sulfur infusion into other porous carbon shapes that are not hollow is also contemplated. A second type of sulfur containing nanoparticle includes a metal oxide material core upon which is located a shell layer that includes a vulcanized polymultiene polymer material and ion conducting polymer material. The foregoing sulfur containing nanoparticle materials provide the electrodes and lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a production method of a nitrogen-containing carbon alloy that has sufficiently high redox activity or has a large number of reaction electrons of redox reaction.

Abstract: A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell electrode assembly is provided. In one embodiment, the fuel cell electrode assembly includes a substrate and a plurality of catalyst regions supported on the substrate to provide a passage way formed between the catalyst regions for passing fuel cell reactants, at least a portion of the plurality of catalyst regions including a number of atomic layers of catalyst metals. In certain instances, the number of atomic layers of catalyst metals is greater than zero and less than 300. In certain other instances, the number of atomic layers of catalyst metals is between 1 and 100. In yet certain other instances, the number of atomic layers of catalyst metals is between 1 and 20.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminar structure which is used in a microporous layer, an electrode layer or the like of a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, and also relates to a production method for same. The laminar structure is a laminar structure which is comprised in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and comprises an electrosprayed layer which is formed by the lamination of electrospraying ink, that has been charged by means of an electric field, through an electrospraying process in which the electrospraying ink is dispersed and sprayed as electrospraying liquid droplets, and, in the electrospraying process, the electrospraying substance transmission mode is set in accordance with the adjustment of electrospraying process variables.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing porous carbon materials comprising the following steps: (S1) forming carbon coatings on surfaces of ceramic nanoparticles; (S2) mixing carbon precursors and ceramic nanoparticles on which carbon coatings are formed in the step (S1); (S3) heat-treating the mixture of the ceramic nanoparticles having carbon coatings thereon and carbon precursors, prepared in the step (S2) to carbonize the mixture; and (S4) removing the ceramic nanoparticles from the material obtained in the step (S3). The method for producing porous carbon materials according to the present invention enables porous carbon materials in which mesopores are uniformly distributed, to be mass produced with low costs. The porous carbon materials having mesopores may be used as catalyst supports for fuel cells, and thus may be used in producing electrodes for fuel cells.

Abstract: There is provided a carbon material for polarizable electrodes in which a heterocyclic aromatic compound is adsorbed on an activated carbon, wherein the heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises a five- or six-membered ring having two or more nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms; a ratio (N/C) of nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms in the heterocyclic aromatic compound is 0.4 or more; 1 to 35 parts by mass of the heterocyclic aromatic compound is adsorbed based on 100 parts by mass of the activated carbon; and the carbon material for polarizable electrodes has a benzene adsorption capacity of 25 to 75% by mass.

Abstract: A composition and method for producing the same are provided. The composition includes transition metal oxides adhered to a surface of a cerium oxide support, and can additionally include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal promotors. The method includes incipient wetness impregnation of the support with metal salt in solution, and can include impregnation with a metal chelator salt. The composition can be useful as a catalyst for the reduction of noxious gases in combustion exhaust streams. The composition can be of particular use as a component of an automobile catalytic converter, for the specific catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen gas.

Abstract: A method of making a single carbon sheet for an electrode includes mixing activated carbon; adding a dispersion comprising a PTFE binder and water to the activated carbon to form a mixture; adding the mixture to a jet mill, and fibrillating the PTFE binder; and feeding the mixture with fibrillated PTFE to a roll mill to form a single carbon sheet in a single pass.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having formed thereon compositions which comprise a transition metal in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon. The invention further relates to the fields of catalytic oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines and the preparation of carboxylic acids by the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Abstract: The invention provides a battery electrode capable of improving a lifespan characteristic (cycle characteristic at the time of high temperature endurance). The battery electrode has a collector and an active material layer formed on a surface of the collector. The active material layer includes a plurality of binders having different specific gravities. The binders are more present at the collector side of the active material layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of catalysts, and more specifically to nanoparticle catalysts. Materials with high porosity which contain nanoparticles can be created by various methods, such as sol-gel synthesis. The invention provides catalytic materials with very high catalytically active surface area, and methods of making and using the same. Applications include, but are not limited to, catalytic converters for treatment of automotive engine exhaust.

Abstract: Catalyst support materials that are coated with a thin carbon over-layer and methods for making the same are shown and described. In general, a supporting oxide material, which may or may not have a catalytic material already deposited on the surface, is coated with a thin carbon layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fungicide, including: a porous carbon material; and a silver member adhered to the porous carbon material, wherein a value of a specific surface area based on a nitrogen BET, namely Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method is equal to or larger than 10 m2/g, and a volume of a fine pore based on a BJH, namely Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda method and an MP, namely Micro Pore method is equal to or larger than 0.1 cm3/g.

Abstract: A reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst is formed by contacting a precursor catalyst or a reduced metallic catalyst with a modifier solution in the presence of a source of hydrogen and heat treating the precursor catalyst or the reduced metallic catalyst at super-atmospheric pressure to obtain the reduced metallic catalyst from the precursor catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst from the reduced metallic catalyst. A method of hydrogenating a hydrogenatable precursor includes providing a reduced metallic catalyst or the pre-activated catalyst prepared with modifier buffer and contacting the reduced metallic catalyst or pre-activated catalyst with the hydrogenatable precursor in the presence of hydrogen and, optionally, in the presence of a modifier solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a support for an electrode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, a fuel cell, and a platinum-supported catalyst, and an electrode using the same. In particular, the present invention provides a method in which linear crystalline carbon nanofibers and nonlinear crystalline carbon particles with increased surface area and improved crystallinity are used to enhance the active site of catalyst particles and ensure the durability of the catalyst by the crystalline carbon materials. The linear crystalline carbon nanofibers are grown to have a predetermined fiber diameter by heat treatment at a high temperature in a gas phase of hydrocarbon in an inert gas atmosphere using an oxide such as Ni, Fe, Mn, etc. as a catalyst. The crystallinity of the linear crystalline carbon nanofibers is also improved by the heat treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a catalytic composition comprising at least one non-noble metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB of the periodic table. The invention also relates to the catalytic composition thus produced, which has a high specific activity in reactions involving the hydroprocessing of light and intermediate fractions, preferably in reactions involving the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon streams, including hydrodesulphurisation (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydro-dearomatisation (HDA).

Abstract: Carbon microspheres are doped with boron to enhance the electrical and physical properties of the microspheres. The boron-doped carbon microspheres are formed by a CVD process in which a catalyst, carbon source and boron source are evaporated, heated and deposited onto an inert substrate.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein pertain generally to a porous carbon particle and a producing method of the porous carbon particle, the producing method includes a step of polymerizing an aromatic monomer to form a polymer particle; a step of cross-linking the polymer particle; a step of coating a silica on a surface of the cross-linked polymer particle; a step of carbonizing the polymer particle coated with the silica.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carbon substrate loaded with metal oxides, in particular a carbon material which contains metal oxide nanoparticles and is preferably suitable for use in a catalyst and/or as a catalyst, wherein, in a first process step, nanoparticles of metal oxides are introduced into a matrix based on at least one organic polymer, in particular are dispersed therein, and, in a second process step, the polymer matrix containing the nanoparticles is subsequently carbonised to carbon, optionally followed by a third process step of activation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerogel based on doped graphene, a method for producing said aerogel and the use of said aerogel, for example, as an electrode or a catalyst. Furthermore, the present invention relates to electrodes, all solid-state supercapacitors (ASSS) or catalysts based on said aerogel. The present invention also relates to doped graphene, which can be obtained as an intermediate in the production of the aerogel based on doped graphene using graphene oxide as starting material.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for producing carbon nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes, which process comprises pyrolysing a particulate cellulosic and/or carbohydrate substrate that has been impregnated with a compound of an element or elements, the metal or alloy, respectively, of which is capable of forming carbides, in a substantially oxygen free, volatile silicon compound containing atmosphere, optionally in the presence of a carbon compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high surface area porous carbon material and a process for making this material. In particular, the carbon material is derived from biomass and has large mesopore and micropore surfaces that promote improved adsorption of materials and gas storage capabilities.