Abstract: New catalysts that contain heteropolyanions of the 12-tungstophosphoric acid or the 12-tungstomolybdic acid, and, for some of these, at least one metal of group VIII, and that are deposited on substrates that develop a specific surface area and a high pore volume, such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2), silicas, silica-aluminas or aluminas, are used in particular in isomerization of paraffinic fractions that contain in large part n-paraffins that have, for example, 4 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule and in aliphatic alkylation of isoparaffins (for example isobutane and/or isopentane) by at least one olefin that comprises, for example, 2 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule (C2 to C6).

Abstract: This invention is drawn to a catalyst system comprising two or more molecular sieves, including at least one non-zeolitic molecular sieve and one zeolitic aluminosilicate, having specified contrasting pore structures and to a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes and ethylbenzene using the subject catalyst system to obtain an improved yield of para-xylene from the mixture relative to prior-art processes.

Abstract: Compositions prepared by mixing (A) 50-90 wt % of organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of from 50 to 100·106 mm2/s at 25° C., (B) 10-50 wt % of a metal oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium(III) and cerium(IV) oxide, (C) 0.3-5 wt % of organosilicon compound containing basic nitrogen bound to silicon via carbon, (D) 0.05-0.5 wt % of platinum calculated as the element, in the form of a bis(alkynyl)platinum complex which additionally includes donor ligands, and (E) from 0 to 5 wt %, preferably 0 wt %, of further components, the sum of the percentages chosen within each of the ranges specified under (A) to (E) being 100 wt %, and the wt % in each case being based on the total weight of the additive, are highly suitable as additives to crosslinkable organosilicon compositions, providing one or more of improved tracking resistance, high arc resistance, and decreased flammability.

Abstract: Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and tetraalkylammonium hydroxide and/or tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide additive.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a catalytic compound of anion-modified metal oxides doped with metal ions. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of isomerizing an alkane or alkyl moiety.

Abstract: Applicants have developed a novel catalyst composition comprising a crystalline metal oxide having the empirical formula: AvBt+wNixD(Gu−)yOz, where A is an alkali metal (e.g. Na), B is a basic metal (e.g. Ca), D is a framework component (e.g. P), and G is an anionic species (e.g. OH−). Nickel may be present in the framework of the crystalline metal oxide, dispersed thereon, or both. Preferably, the metal oxide component has an apatite or hydroxyapatite crystal structure. These crystalline metal oxide components have been found to have improved performance in partial oxidation and light hydrocarbon (e.g. methane) reforming to produce synthesis gas. A new process for synthesizing these metal oxides is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst including a support, at least one noble metal from group VIII of the periodic table, silicon as a dopant, optionally boron, optionally at least one group VIB element, optionally phosphorous and optionally at least one halogen. The invention also provides a particular preparation of the catalyst. The invention also concerns the use of this catalyst in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds, more particularly its use for hydrogenating aromatic compounds in a gas oil cut.

Abstract: A method of making a molecular sieve catalyst by preparing a catalyst slurry containing molecular sieve, binder and a matrix material and directing the slurry to a forming unit. The catalyst slurry is prepared by using a microfiltration process whereby the molecular sieve is washed and concentrated from a preparation medium without having to isolate the molecular sieve in a dry or semi-dry form. The catalyst is used to make ethylene and propylene from an oxygenate.

Abstract: A catalyst which comprises at least one complex of a metal of subgroup VIII having at least one bidentate phosphonite ligand of the formula I or salts and mixtures thereof, a process for the preparation of mixtures of monoolefinic C5-mononitriles, a process for the catalytic isomerization of branched aliphatic monoalkenenitriles and a process for the preparation of adiponitrile.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C9+ aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, a phosphorus oxide and optionally, an acid site modifier selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, sulfur oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C9+ aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C9+ aromatic compound to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for adsorbing and desorbing oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium which is super-stoichiometric in oxidizing agents, which can desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature, with respect to an adsorption temperature, the structure of the materials being composed of phosphate tetrahedra and containing at least one element (A) from groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, IVA, optionally at least one element (B) selected from the group formed by alkali elements IA, alkaline-earth elements IIA, rare earths IIIB and transition metals, and optionally at least one metal (C) selected from the group formed by the precious metals of the platinum family (group VIII). These materials are insensitive to the oxides of sulphur and carbon contained in the gas.

Abstract: A molecular sieve and a molecular sieve catalyst containing a surface heat impregnated with a metal. The molecular sieve is heated in the presence of a metal containing solution at a temperature between 30° C. and 400° C. then separated from the metal containing solution. The molecular sieve and molecular sieve catalyst is used to make olefin from an oxygenate feedstock.

Abstract: A mesoporous aluminophosphate material includes a solid aluminophosphate composition modified with at least one element selected from zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and vanadium. This mesoporous aluminophosphate material has a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/g, an average pore size less than or equal to 100 Å, and a pore size distribution such that at least 50% of the pores have a pore diameter less than 100 Å. The material can be used as a support for a catalytic cracking catalyst. Additionally, a method for making such a mesoporous aluminophosphate material is disclosed. The method, which preferably avoids use of organic reagents or solvents, includes providing an aqueous solution containing an inorganic phosphorus component; an inorganic aluminum containing component; and an inorganic modifying component containing at least one element selected from zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, manganese, cobalt, zinc, and vanadium.

Abstract: A poison resistant lean NOx catalyst comprising: a protective coating of a first catalyst support material including a metal-zirconium phosphate component, coated on a second NOx occluding catalyst material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calcinated catalyst for converting paraffinic hydrocarbon into corresponding olefin through dehydrogenation. The catalyst is an oxidic, heat-stable carrier material and contains a catalytic active constituent, which is applied on the carrier material and has the following composition (in wt. % in relation to the entire weight of the catalyst): a) 0.2 to 2.0% of at least one element of the groups Pt and Ir and, acting as a promoter, a combination of elements from the six following groups of substances: b) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, In, Tl; c) 0.1 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; d) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Fe, Co, Ni, Pd; e) 1.0 to 5.0% P; f) 0.2 to 5.0% of at least one of the following elements Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra and lanthanides and g) 0.1 to 2.0% Cl.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst including a support, at least one noble metal from group VIII of the periodic table, silicon as a dopant, optionally boron, optionally at least one group VIB element, optionally phosphorous and optionally at least one halogen. The invention also provides a particular preparation of the catalyst. The invention also concerns the use of this catalyst in the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds, more particularly its use for hydrogenating aromatic compounds in a gas oil cut.

Abstract: Catalysts for the fluid-bed hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform having high catalytic stability and comprising platinum supported on microspheroidal gamma alumina, characterized in that the platinum is in the form of particles dispersed throughout the mass of the support.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing catalysts useful for synthesizing maleic anhydride by oxidizing saturated and/or unsaturated C4 hydrocarbons. A vanadium (V) compound is reacted with a mixture of phosphorous and phosphoric acids in a particular ratio, in a solvent mixture containing a structure former, and an entrainer and where the water of reaction together with entrainer is distilled off and the resulting precursor is subjected to calcination.

Abstract: A catalyst is for use in a reaction using an oxygen-atom-containing reactant and includes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound of the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 and R2 is, identical to or different from each other, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group, and R1 and R2 may be combined to form a double bond or to form an aromatic or non-aromatic ring with the adjacent two carbon atoms, where one or two of heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogen atoms indicated in the formula may be further formed on the R1 or R2, or on the double bond or aromatic or non-aromatic ring formed by R1 and R2; X is an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group; and Y is a single bond, a methylene group, or a carbonyl group. This catalyst can introduce an oxygen-atom-containing group into an organic substrate under mild conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalysts situated on a polyoxometallate support. Also disclosed are methods of preparing these catalysts and processes for the conversion of alkanes to unsaturated organic compounds using these catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid acid catalyst developing high activity and exhibiting high durability in various organic reactions. That is, the present invention provides a solid acid catalyst having the structure (A) in which a hydrogen atom is eliminated from at least one of OH groups contained in an inorganic phosphorus acid, the structure (B) in which a hydrogen atom is eliminated from at least one of OH groups contained in an organic phosphorus acid represented by the formula (1) or (2) and at least one metal atom (C) selected from aluminum, gallium and iron and a method for producing an ester, a ketal or an acetal by using the solid acid catalyst; wherein each of —R1 and —R2 is selected from —R, —OR, —OH and —H in which at least one of —R1 and —R2 is —R or —OR, given that —R is an organic group having 1-22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Complex oxide catalysts represented by the formula, MoaWbBicFedAeBfCgDhEiOx (in which A is Ni or Co; B is Na, K, Rb, Cs or Tl; C is an alkaline earth metal; D is P, Te, Sb, Sn, Ce, Pb, Nb, Mn, As, B or Zn; E is Si, Al, Ti or Zr; and where a is 12, 0≦b≦10, 0<c≦10, 0<d≦10, 2≦e≦15, 0<f≦10, 0≦g≦10, 0≦h≦4 and 0≦i≦30) are provided. The catalysts are characterized in that the molar ratio of the total nitrate anions to the molybdenum at the time of catalyst preparation is more than 1 but not more than 1.8. When used in the reaction for producing (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by vapor-phase oxidation of at least a compound selected from propylene, isobutylene, t-butanol and methyl-t-butyl ether, the catalysts exhibit excellent activity and selectivity and maintain stable performance over prolonged period.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising at least one matrix, at least one dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicate which is optionally synthesised in a fluorine-containing medium and optionally bridged, at least one metal selected from elements from group VIB and/or group VIII of the periodic table, boron and/or silicon, optionally phosphorous, optionally at least one group VIIA element, and optionally at least one group VIIB element. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrocracking hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a sulfide phase comprising (a) sulfur (b) and at least one element A selected form group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, and optionally (c) at least one element B selected from group VIIB and group VIII and mixtures thereof, is suitable for use in, for example, hydrorefining or hydroconversion. Sulfur is present in the catalyst at a quantity higher than the quantity corresponding to 40% of the stoichiometric quantity of sulfur in the sulfide compounds of elements from groups MB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII. The catalyst also, optionally, comprises at least one porous amorphous or low crystallinity type matrix.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst containing at least one amorphous oxide matrix, at least one carbide and phosphorous deposited on said catalyst or contained in the matrix, in which the carbide contain at least one group VIB element and, optionally, at least one element from group VIII of the periodic table. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrodesulphurisation and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in gas oils with a low sulphur content.

Abstract: Reticulated ceramic monolithic catalysts and non-poisoning catalyst supports comprising one or more metal oxides of chromium, cobalt, nickel, an alkaline earth, a rare earth, or another sinterable metal oxide that are active in any of various chemical oxidation reactions are disclosed. Methods of making the new reticulated ceramic structures comprising impregnating an organic foam or other pore-templating material are also disclosed. Processes for the catalytic conversion of light hydrocarbons to products comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen employing reticulated ceramic catalysts are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for depositing one or more catalytically reactive metals on a carrier, said process comprising selecting a carrier and depositing a catalytically effective amount of one or more catalytically reactive metals on the carrier, the deposition effected by submersing the carrier in an impregnation solution wherein the hydrogen ion activity of the impregnation solution has been lowered. The invention further relates to catalysts made from the process.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, is disclosed. The catalyst includes cobalt and rhenium and may be supported on an alumina support. The catalyst further includes a promoter selected from among boron, manganese, vanandium, phosphorous, and the alkali metals. The promoter preferably improves the activity for the production of hydrocarbons by at least about 5%. The improved activity may be an increased productivity, increased CO conversion, and the like. The hydrocarbons may have a weight range useful for making diesel fuel, (e.g. C11+ hydrocarbons). Alternately, the hydrocarbons may have a weight range useful for making gasoline (e.g. C5+ hydrocarbons). The catalyst may be made by co-dispersing the promoter with the cobalt or by layering the promoter over the cobalt.

Abstract: The invention features a photocatalytic body including: a porous medium 12 formed on a substrate 10; and photocatalytic material 14 supported on the porous medium. Supporting the photocatalytic material 14 on the porous medium 12 enables enhancement of its catalytic activity.

Abstract: The invention concerns an alumina based catalyst containing, expressed as the oxide content by weight, 2-10% by weight of cobalt oxide CoO, 10-30% by weight of molybdenum oxide MoO3 and 4-10% of phosphorous oxide P2O5, with a BET surface area in the range 100-300 m2/g, a crushing strength CSH of more than 1.4 MPa, and an average pore diameter in the range 8-11 nm, the pore volume of pores with diameter of more than 14 nm being less than 0.08 ml/g, or less than 22% of total pore volume, the volume of pores with a diameter of less than 8 nm being at most 0.05 ml/g, or less than 10% of total pore volume, the volume of pores with diameter less than 10 nm being in the range of 20%-70%, the volume of pores with diameter between 10 nm and 13 nm being in the range of 20%-60%, and the volume of pores with a diameter which is in the range 8 to 14 nm being in the range 0.20 ml/g to 0.8 ml/g. The invention also concerns a hydrotreatment process using the catalyst, in particular hydrodesulphuration.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least cobalt, rhenium, and a promoter selected from the group including boron, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, and vanadium. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina, aluminum fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst system comprising a palladium metal source, a monodentate phosphorus ligand, anionic semilabile ligand, protonic acid, and proton source, and an improved process for the preparation of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters represented as comprising the steps of reacting alkynes in an aprotic organic solvent, in the presence of said novel catalyst system, in carbon monoxide atmosphere in a homogeneous medium, cooling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature, flushing the reaction vessel with inert gas, removing the solvent by conventional methods, separating the catalyst and isolating the &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters by conventional methods.

Abstract: Provided are high activity catalysts based upon gamma alumina containing substrates impregnated with one or more catalytically active metals which catalysts in addition contain a nanocrystalline phase of alumina of a crystalline size at the surface of less than 25Å. Also provided are processes for preparing such high activity catalysts and various uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the reaction of 1,3-butadiene and carbon dioxide. The invention aims at providing a catalyst for said reaction, which can be easily recovered and does not contaminate the final product. The invention also relates to a method for producing &dgr;-lactone. According to the invention, a phosphinoalkyl-functionalized polystyrene is used to produce such a catalyst. The catalyst can be obtained by reacting phosphinoalkyl-functionalized polystyrene with (&eegr;5-cyclopentadienyl) (&eegr;3-allyl)palladium. The catalyst is used in the method to produce &dgr;-lactone.

Abstract: Disclosed are a self-catalytic bath and a method for the deposition of Ni—P alloy on a substrate. The bath comprises nickel sulfate, sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent, acetic acid as a buffer and traces of lead as a stabilizer. It also includes a citrate used as a complexing agent associated with a gluconate used both as a catalyst and a stabilizer. The disclosed bath makes it possible to tolerate large quantities of hypophosphite and is relatively long-lived. Furthermore, it can be used to prepare large quantities of Ni—P alloy per liter of solution.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for activating a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VIII hydrogenation metal and a Group VI hydrogenation metal, which are substantially in the oxide form, on a carrier in which the hydrotreating catalyst is contacted with an additive which is at least one compound selected from the group of compounds comprising at least two hydroxyl groups and 2-10 carbon atoms, and the (poly)ethers of these compounds, after which the catalyst is dried under such conditions that at least 50% of the additive remains in the catalyst. The additive is preferably at least one compound selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, or a saccharide or a polysaccharide. The invention additionally pertains to the catalyst obtainable by this process, which shows high activity in hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions, and to the use of the catalyst in hydrotreating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrocracking catalyst that comprises at least one oxide-type amorphous or poorly crystallized matrix, at least one element of group VB, preferably niobium, and at least one clay that is selected from the group that is formed by the 2:1 dioctahedral phyllosilicates and the 2:1 trioctahedral phyllosilicates, optionally at least one element that is selected from among the elements of group VIB and group VIII, optionally at least one element that is selected from the group that is formed by P, B, Si, and optionally at least one element of group VIIA. The invention also relates to the use of this catalyst in hydrocracking of feedstocks that contain hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Curable organopolysiloxane compositions comprising (D) a platinum catalyst selected from the class consisting of where R2 is an unsubstituted or substituted diene bonded to platinum via at least one &pgr; bond, having an unbranched or branched chain of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms or a ring of from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, R3 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or a monovalent, unsubstituted or halogen- or cyano-substituted hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R4 are identical or different bivalent, unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R5 are identical or different bivalent, unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, silane radicals or siloxane radicals, R6 are identical or different and are a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, e is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and f is 0 or 1.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprising one or more transition metals selected from the Group VIII metals and rhenium and one or more chlorophosphite compounds having the general Formula wherein R1 and R2 are aromatic hydrocarbyl radicals. Also disclosed are catalyst solutions comprising one or more the above chlorophosphite compounds, rhodium and a hydroformylation solvent, and hydroformylation processes wherein olefins are contacted with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the catalyst solution to produce aldehydes.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrocracking catalyst comprising at least one mineral matrix, at least one beta zeolite, at least one group VB element or at least one mixed sulphide phase comprising sulphur, optionally at least one group VIB or group VIII element, optionally at least one element selected from the group formed by silicon, boron or phosphorous, and optionally at least one group VIIA element.

Abstract: A method of making a vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst by precipitating from a 45-65 g/l solution of V4+ ions and V5+ ions a vanadium- and phosphorus-containing precipitate comprising a complex of formula VOHPO4. The precipitate is calcined under an inert atmosphere to produce a VPO catalyst whole active phase is formula (VO)2P2O9. Said solution comprises cations of at least two of Bi, Zr, Cr, Ce, Co, Mn, Mg and Mo such that the precipitate comprises 1-25% by mass of said dopant metal cations in total, the balance being said complex. Each dopant metal forms 0.1-20% by mass of the precipitate.

Abstract: Provided are high activity catalysts based upon gamma alumina containing substrates impregnated with one or more catalytically active metals, which catalysts in addition contain a nanocrystalline phase of alumina of a crystalline size at the surface of less than 25 Å. Also provided are processes for preparing such high activity catalysts and various uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed comprising ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof plus oxygen at elevated temperature, which comprises bringing the gaseous feed into contact with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd  (I) where the symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W, in particular Nb, V and W; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, TI and U, in particular Ca, Sb, Te and Li. The present invention further provides a catalyst for the selective preparation of acetic acid comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising rhodium and a compound of the formula (I) in which m is a number from 1 to 1000; x is a number from 0 to 4; W is a group of the formulae —CH2—CH2—, —CH(CH3)CH2—or —CH2CH(CH3)—; R is hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C1-C5— alkyl radical; or a group of the formulae where a, b, c, d and e independently of one another are a number from 0 to 1000, at least one of the numbers a, b, c, d and e being greater than 0; R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are identical or different and are hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl or a group of the formula R1 and R2 are identical or different and are a straight-chain, branched or cyclic C1-C30-alkyl radical or C6-10-aryl radical, which is unsubstituted or substituted by from one to five C1-C3-alkyl radicals, and L is C1-C5-alkyl, C1-C5-alkoxy, NO2, NR3R4, where R3 and R4 independently of one another are hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl, or L is Cl or OH, for hydroformylation re

Abstract: Curable organopolysiloxane compositions comprising a platinum catalyst selected from the group consisting of (PR23)2Pt(—C≡C—R3)2  (III), (R22P—R4—PR22)Pt(—C≡C—R3)2  (IV) and H—C≡C—R5—C≡C—[—Pt(PR23)2—C≡C—R5—C≡C—]e—H  (V) where R2, R3, R4, R5 and e are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A carbon supported solid catalyst suitable for the vapor phase carbonylation of lower aliphatic alcohols, ethers, ester, and ester-alcohol mixtures, and desirably, methanol, to produce carboxylic acid, esters and mixtures thereof. The solid supported catalyst includes an effective amount of iridium and gold associated with a solid carbon support, and a halogen promoter.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline manganese phosphate compositions has been prepared. These compositions have an extended network which network can be a one-, two-, or three-dimensional network. The composition has an empirical formula of:(A.sup.3+).sub.v (Mn.sup.b+)(M.sup.c+).sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.zwhere A is a structure directing agent such as an alkali metal, M is a metal such as Al, Fe.sup.3+ and "b" is the average manganese oxidation state and varies from greater than 2.0 to a maximum of 3.0. These compositions can be used as adsorbents and as catalysts in the oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst for hydrorefining and hydroconverting hydrocarbon feeds, comprising a mixed sulphide comprising at least two elements selected from elements with an atomic number selected from the group formed by the following numbers: 3, 11, 12, 19 to 33, 37, to 51, 55 to 83, 87 to 103, characterized in that the mixed sulphide results from a combination of at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of less than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol) and at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of more than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol), the mixed sulphide thus having a mean bond energy between the metal and sulphur which is in the range 30 to 70 kcal/mol (125 to 293 kJ/mol).

Abstract: A metal oxide is treated with an organophosphate, such as a trialkyl phosphate, to convert the oxide to the corresponding phosphate. The metal in the oxide can be a transition metal, such as iron, and the trialkyl phosphate preferably contains from one to about four carbon atoms in each alkyl group. The treatment can be conducted at an elevated temperature of about 250.degree. C. or greater.

Abstract: A catalyst system, in particular for carrying out cross-coupling reactions is obtainable by reactinga) a palladium(II) compound withb) a water-soluble phosphine ligand andc) a sulfoxide or polyhydric alcohol.