Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing a catalyst composition comprising bulk catalyst particles comprising at least one Group VIII non-noble metal and at least two Group VIB metals. The process comprises combining and reacting at least one Group VIII non-noble metal component with at least two Group VIB metal components in the presence of a protic liquid, with at least one of the metal components remaining at least partly in the solid state during the entire process. The Group VIII and Group VIB metals comprise from about 50 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, calculated as oxides, of the total weight of said bulk catalyst particles, with the solubility of those of the metal components which are at least partly in the solid state during the reaction being less than 0.05 mol/100 ml water at 18° C.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the polymerization of olefins is provided, comprising a transition metal precursor containing sulfur ligands and an activating co-catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C9+ aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, a phosphorus oxide and optionally, an acid site modifier selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, sulfur oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C9+ aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C9+ aromatic compound to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an S-containing organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is first contacted with an organic liquid, followed by the catalyst being contacted with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase. The invention also pertains to the sulfided catalyst composition and its use in hydrotreating. Catalysts sulfided by the process according to the invention show a higher activity than the same catalysts which have not been sulfided. It is preferred to carry out the process according to the invention ex situ, where it solves the problem of difficult start-up and the formation of undesirable side products in the hydrotreating unit. The organic liquid may be a hydrocarbon with a boiling range of about 150-500° C., preferably white oil, gasoline, diesel, gas oil, or mineral lube oil.

Abstract: A process for the sulfiding of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for example in a distillation column reactor. The catalyst in the distillation column reactor is first dried using nitrogen and the reactor is filled with a sulfiding solvent and circulation begun. The reactor is heated to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the sulfiding agent to be used and the sulfiding agent charged to the reactor. When sulfiding agent breakthrough is noted in the overheads the temperature is raised and held until sulfiding is complete.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an S-containing organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is contacted in two steps with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase, with the first step being performed at a temperature which is lower than that of the second step. Catalysts sulfided by the process according to the invention show a higher activity than the same catalysts which have been sulfided in a one-step process. It is preferred to carry out the process according to the invention ex situ, where it solves the problem of difficult start-up and the formation of undesirable side products in the hydrotreating unit.

Abstract: A practical catalyst exhibiting especially high CO shift reaction activity in a low temperature region where CO is favorably converted to H2 in equilibrium includes a carrier which is composed of titania as a main component, a noble metal which is supported on the carrier, and a sulfur-containing material which adheres to the carrier. The titania carrier to which the sulfur-containing material adheres exhibits high solid acid strength, and accordingly acts to absorb electrons from noble metal so that noble metal becomes partially oxidized. This results in the CO adsorbing ability decreasing to restrain poisoning of noble metal due to CO, whereby the CO shift reaction activity in a low temperature region is improved.

Abstract: A process for the sulfiding of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst for example in a distillation column reactor. The catalyst in the distillation column reactor is first dried using nitrogen and the reactor is filled with a sulfiding solvent and circulation begun. The reactor is heated to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the sulfiding agent to be used and the sulfiding agent charged to the reactor. When sulfiding agent breakthrough is noted in the overheads the temperature is raised and held until sulfiding is complete.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acid catalyst containing a substantial quantity of supported or mass sulfated zirconia and at least one hydrogenating transition metal. This catalyst is characterized by the fact that the sulfated zirconia is in crystallized form and that it shows a specific surface area greater than or equal to 135 m2/g, a pore volume greater than or equal to 0.16 cm3/g and an average pore diameter greater than or equal to 20 Angstroms (20×10−10 m). The invention also relates to methods of making this catalyst and to the uses of this catalyst in hydrocarbon transformation chemical reactions requiring the use of an acid type catalyst, such as for example, isomerization, alkylation, oligomerization reactions or even light hydrocarbon dehydration reactions, and also heavier hydrocarbon hydrocracking and hydroisomerization reactions. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, a hydrated zirconia gel is washed with a soluble polar organic solvent (other than water).

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the ex-situ presulfuration of a catalyst for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of at least one sulfurated compound. It is characterized in that the catalyst is also brought into contact with at least one hydrocarbon compound.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a sulfide phase comprising (a) sulfur (b) and at least one element A selected form group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, and optionally (c) at least one element B selected from group VIIB and group VIII and mixtures thereof, is suitable for use in, for example, hydrorefining or hydroconversion. Sulfur is present in the catalyst at a quantity higher than the quantity corresponding to 40% of the stoichiometric quantity of sulfur in the sulfide compounds of elements from groups MB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII. The catalyst also, optionally, comprises at least one porous amorphous or low crystallinity type matrix.

Abstract: Present invention relates to a CdZnMS photocatalyst for producing hydrogen from water and a method for preparing thereof and a method for producing hydrogen by using said photocatalyst.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalyst containing one or more metal oxides and/or sulphides selected from Group VI-B and Group VIII of the Periodic Table supported on a porous refractory carrier, wherein the catalyst being in form of an angular extrudate with rounded edges.

Abstract: A presulfurization method of hydrogenation catalyst comprises mixing an olefin-containing component, elemental sulfur and a promoter, heating the resultant mixture at 100-120° C. for more than 0.5 hours, wherein the mole number of elemental sulfur is at least not less than that of double bonds of the olefin, and the amount of the promoter used is 10-80% weight of the amount used of elemental sulfur, and said promoter is selected from an organic promoter used usually in rubber curing; the elemental sulfur-incorporated catalyst is impregnated with the product obtained, and heated at 100-300° C. in an inert atmosphere for more than 1 hour; wherein the volume amount of said product used is at least 60% of the pore volume of the catalyst. In the case of a little amount of the promoter being used, the presulfurization method can improve greatly the sulfur retention degree of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is first contacted with an organic liquid, followed by the catalyst being contacted with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase, wherein less than about 40%, preferably less than about 35%, more preferably less than about 25%, most preferably less than about 15%, of the sulfur present in the sulfided catalyst is added with the organic liquid. The process of the present invention makes it possible to use additive-containing catalysts without loss of activity in units which cannot effect gas phase start-up or are required to carry out a pressure test. The organic liquid may be a hydrocarbon with a boiling range of about 150-500° C., preferably gasoline, white spirit, diesel, gas oil, mineral lube oil, or white oil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for depositing one or more catalytically reactive metals on a carrier, said process comprising selecting a carrier and depositing a catalytically effective amount of one or more catalytically reactive metals on the carrier, the deposition effected by submersing the carrier in an impregnation solution wherein the hydrogen ion activity of the impregnation solution has been lowered. The invention further relates to catalysts made from the process.

Abstract: The invention features a photocatalytic body including: a porous medium 12 formed on a substrate 10; and photocatalytic material 14 supported on the porous medium. Supporting the photocatalytic material 14 on the porous medium 12 enables enhancement of its catalytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an S-containing organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is first contacted with an organic liquid, followed by the catalyst being contacted with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase. The invention also pertains to the sulfided catalyst composition and its use in hydrotreating. Catalysts sulfided by the process according to the invention show a higher activity than the same catalysts which have not been sulfided. It is preferred to carry out the process according to the invention ex situ, where it solves the problem of difficult start-up and the formation of undesirable side products in the hydrotreating unit. The organic liquid may be a hydrocarbon with a boiling range of about 150-500° C., preferably white oil, gasoline, diesel, gas oil, or mineral lube oil.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an S-containing organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is contacted with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase, characterized in that the process is carried out ex situ. By carrying out the process ex situ, the formation of undesirable side compounds in the hydrotreating unit is prevented. Additionally, the reactor suffers less downtime, and the start-up of the reactor may be simplified. The S-containing organic additive preferably is a mercapto-compound, more preferably a mercaptocarboxylic acid represented by the general formula HS—R1-COOR, wherein R1 stands for a divalent hydrocarbon group with 1-about 10 carbon atoms and R stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for activation of a hydroconversion catalyst, whereby said catalyst contains at least one metal or element of group VIII, at least one acid element and optionally at least one metal or element of group VI according to which a light petroleum fraction, at least one thionic compound and at least one nitrogenous compound are injected in said catalyst. This process is carried out such that the QS sulfur amount that is injected before the temperature of the catalyst reaches 250° C. is at least equal to half the QSO sulfur amount that is necessary for complete sulfurization of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the sulphurization of catalysts for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks. According to the invention, a small amount of at least one orthophthalic acid ester is added to the sulphurization agent used to sulphurize the catalyst. The catalysts thus sulphurized prove to be more active than conventionally sulphurized catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaped solid acid catalyst for the isomerization of hydrocarbons and so on, which has a high activity and is excellent in strength and easily handleable, and processes for the preparation thereof. This catalyst comprises a support comprising portions of zirconia having a tetragonal form and portions of alumina, and a sulfureous component and, if necessary, a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal component both being supported on the support, and has a specific surface area of 150 m2/g or above. The catalyst can be prepared by kneading aluminum hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide and a sulfureous compound, shaping the kneaded mixture, calcining the shaped material at such a temperature as to form tetragonal zirconia and, if necessary, supporting a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal component on the calcined material and calcining the resulting molding at 300 to 700° C.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for sulfiding a catalyst composition comprising at least one hydrogenation metal component of Group VI and/or Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and an S-containing organic additive wherein the catalyst composition is contacted in two steps with hydrogen and a sulfur-containing compound in the gaseous phase, with the first step being performed at a temperature which is lower than that of the second step. Catalysts sulfided by the process according to the invention show a higher activity than the same catalysts which have been sulfided in a one-step process. It is preferred to carry out the process according to the invention ex situ, where it solves the problem of difficult start-up and the formation of undesirable side products in the hydrotreating unit.

Abstract: A catalyst body comprising a carrier and a catalyst layer containing an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, loaded on the carrier, which catalyst further contains a substance capable of reacting with the alkali metal and/or the alkaline earth metal, dominating over the reaction between the main components of the carrier and the alkali metal and/or the alkaline earth metal. With this catalyst body, the deterioration of the carrier by the alkali metal and/or the alkaline earth metal is prevented; therefore, the catalyst body can be used over a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulphurizing supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB, group VB and group VIB, said process being characterized in that said catalyst is pre-reduced with at least one reducing gas other than hydrogen before sulphurizing said catalyst. The invention also concerns the sulfide catalysts obtained by the process of the present invention as well as the use of the sulfide catalyst in a process for hydrocracking and hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: For the presulphurization of catalysts based on metal oxides, intended especially for the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks, at least one tertiary mercaptan (for example tert-dodecyl mercaptan) is employed as sulphurizing agent. This tertiary mercaptan can be employed alone or combined with another sulphur-donor compound. The presulphurization according to the invention may be carried out in situ or ex situ.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one metal from group VIII of the periodic table and at least one additional element M selected from the group formed by germanium, tin, lead, rhenium, gallium, indium and thallium, metal M is introduced in an aqueous solvent in the form of at least one organometalic compound comprising at least one carbon-M bond.

Abstract: This invention provides a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor for the preparation of a catalyst for catalytic hydrotreatment of hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks, and for a method of making same.

Abstract: Hydroxyaromatic compounds such as phenol are carbonylated with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIIIB metal, preferably palladium; an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide, preferably sodium bromide; and at least one sulfone such as sulfolane. The catalyst system also preferably contains a compound of another metal, preferably lead.

Abstract: A catalytic converter for cleaning exhaust gas includes a heat-resistant support, and a catalytic coating formed on the heat-resistant support. The catalytic coating contains Pd-carrying particles of a cerium complex oxide, Pt & Rh-carrying particles of zirconium complex oxide, and particles of a heat-resistant inorganic oxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for sulphurising supported catalysts containing at least one element selected from group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, said process being characterized in that said catalyst is sulphurised using a mixture containing at least one source of elemental sulphur and at least one source of carbon in an autogenous or inert atmosphere. Also disclosed are sulphurised catalysts obtained by the process of the invention, the use of the catalysts in processes for hydrocracking and hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon-containing feeds.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a catalyst wherein the volatile content of an impregnated support is reduced in one or more steps, wherein at least one volatile content reduction step is performed in the presence of a sulfur containing compound.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the sulfurization of hydroconversion catalysts, whereby said catalyst contains at least one element of group VIII of the periodic table and optionally an element of group VI, whereby said metal is present in the oxide state. Said process comprises at least one stage that is carried out in a hydrotreatment zone in the presence of at least one thionic compound and at least one nitrogenous compound. This process is carried out in such a way that before the final sulfurization temperature is reached, at least 130% of the stoichiometric amount of sulfur that is necessary for complete sulfurization of the catalyst is injected in said catalyst.

Abstract: Solid superacid catalysts, in the form of spheres or microspheres, consisting of a mixed sulfated oxide of zirconium and of at least one other element selected from those of group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6, group 7, group 8 group 9, group 10, group 11, group 12, group 13, group 14, group 15 and those of the series of lanthanides, alone or combined with each other, are characterized in that they are obtained by means of a sol-gel process comprising the following steps: preparing a zirconium sol, mixed with a thickening agent and optionally with the element or elements selected; adding, only when microspheres are to be obtained, a non-ionic surface-active agent, to the sol; dripping, obtaining spheres, or atomising, obtaining microspheres, the sol into a basic gelation bath; ageing the spheres or microspheres of gel thus obtained; washing the spheres or microspheres with water up to pH=9; and draining them without drying them; impregnating the spheres or microspheres of gel with an aqueous soluti

Abstract: The invention relates to an acid catalyst containing a substantial quantity of supported or mass sulfated zirconia and at least one hydrogenating transition metal. This catalyst is characterized by the fact that the sulfated zirconia is in crystallized form and that it shows a specific surface area greater than or equal to 150 m2/g, a pore volume greater than or equal to 0.20 cm3/g and an average pore diameter greater than or equal to 20 Angstroms (20×10−10 m). The invention also relates to methods of making this catalyst and to the uses of this catalyst in hydrocarbon transformation chemical reactions requiring the use of an acid type catalyst, such as for example, isomerization, alkylation, oligomerization reactions or even light hydrocarbon dehydration reactions, and also heavier hydrocarbon hydrocracking and hydroisomerization reactions.

Abstract: A catalyst for exhaust gas purification characterized by high catalytic activity, heat resistance, and toxin resistance includes a metal oxide and at least one alkali metal sulfate or at least one alkaline earth metal sulfate. The process for producing the catalyst includes mixing the metal oxide with an aqueous solution of the sulfate, evaporating the mixture to dryness, and heat-treating the resultant mixed powder. An exhaust gas purifying apparatus includes an exhaust gas purifying filter having a high exhaust gas purification rate and an excellent durability. The filter includes a ceramic filter with a heat-resistant coating layer thereon for support of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaped solid acid catalyst for the isomerization of hydrocarbons and so on, which has a high activity and is excellent in strength and easily handleable, and processes for the preparation thereof. This catalyst comprises a support comprising zirconia having a tetragonal form and alumina, and a sulfureous component and, if necessary, a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal component, both being supported on the support, and has a specific surface area of 150 m.sup.2 /g or above. The catalyst can be prepared by kneading aluminum hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide and a sulfureous compound, shaping the kneaded mixture, calcining the shaped material at such a temperature as to form tetragonal zirconia and, if necessary, supporting a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal component on the calcinedmaterial and calcining the resulting molding at 300 to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for presulfurizing a hydrocarbon treatment catalyst and/or for preconditioning a catalyst, comprising one or two stages of incorporating sulfur into the pores of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst conducted off-site in at least one zone that contains a catalyst, preferably in motion, and with either suilirated hydrogen (H.sub.2 S), sulfur, or a sulfur compound capable of evolving nascent suilirated hydrogen.

Abstract: Self-heating characteristics of a spontaneously combustible catalyst are reduced by treating spontaneously combustible catalysts with oxygen-containing hydrocarbons having at least 12 carbon atoms. The treatment is particularly suitable for reducing the self-heating characteristics of sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalysts, presulfurized catalysts, presulfided catalysts or reduced catalysts. When applied to sulfur-containing catalysts, the treatment gives a catalyst that has suppressed self-heating properties without substantially compromising sulfur retention or activity. Further, a method of safely unloading a catalyst from a reactor is provided where the catalyst in the reactor is treated with a liquid mixture containing oxygen-containing hydrocarbon having at least 12 carbon atoms to wet the catalyst.

Abstract: A photocatalyst, represented by Formula IIPt(a)/Zn[M(b)]S IIwherein character "a" represents a percentage by weight of Pt in the photocatalyst, ranging from 0.1 to 3.5; character "M" is an element selected from the group consisting of Co, Fe, Ni and P; character "b" represents a mole % of M/Zn, ranging from 0.05 to 30. It can be active in the range of the visible light, live a semi-permanent life and produce hydrogen at a high yield without using any oxygen-containing organic compound as a hydrogen-producing promotor.

Abstract: A non-cyclic branched aliphatic hydrocarbon (e.g., isobutane) is oxidized with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising an imide compound of the following formula (1) (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) or an oxidation catalyst comprising the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound of selected from Group 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8 and 1B elements of the Periodic Table of elements), for the formation of an oxide (e.g., t-butanol, acetone): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a substituent such as a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic 5- to 12-membered ring, X is O or OH, and n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: A process comprises providing a catalyst comprising a support, a microwave absorption material, and a catalytically active phase; heating the catalyst with a source of microwave energy which is absorbed by said microwave absorption material to increase the temperature of the catalyst to a desired temperature; and contacting said heated catalyst with a hydrocarbon feedstock for upgrading same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalyst for producing hydrogen, harmless to the environment and by which a large quantity of hydrogen is efficiently produced at low temperatures without using any organic promoter, represented by the following formula:Cs(a)X(c)/T(b)wherein "a" represents a percentage by weight of impregnated Cs on the basis of the weight of a carrier, being limited up to 6.0; "X" is a promoter selected from Ni, Co and Fe; "c" represents a percentage by weight of the promoter on the basis of the total weight of Cs and the promoter, being limited up to 50.0; "T" is the carrier consisting of a zinc sulfide mixture comprising an inorganic compound and zinc sulfide with the molar ratio of zinc:sulfur ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:2.8; and "b" represents a percentage by weight of the inorganic compound on the basis of the total amount of the ZnS mixture, being limited up to 50.

Abstract: Self-heating characteristics of a spontaneously combustible catalyst are reduced by treating spontaneously combustible catalysts with oxygen-containing hydrocarbons having at least 12 carbon atoms. The treatment is particularly suitable for reducing the self-heating characteristics of sulfidable metal oxide(s)-containing catalysts, presulfurized catalysts, presulfided catalysts or reduced catalysts. When applied to sulfur-containing catalysts, the treatment gives a catalyst that has suppressed self-heating properties without substantially compromising sulfur retention or activity. Further, a method of safely unloading a catalyst from a reactor is provided where the catalyst in the reactor is treated with a liquid mixture containing oxygen-containing hydrocarbon having at least 12 carbon atoms to wet the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel presulphuration process for a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. Presulphuration is preferably carried out offsite (ex-situ). The catalyst presulphuration process is characterized in that a presulphuration agent is used which contains (a) at least one first sulphur compound with a decomposition point T1 of less than 220.degree. C. and (b) at least one second sulphur compound with a decomposition point greater than about 220.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of a catalyst for preparing vinyl acetate in the gas phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases which catalyst comprises palladium and/or its compounds, gold and/or its compounds and also alkali metal compounds on a particulate, porous support obtained bya) impregnating the support with soluble palladium and gold compounds,b) converting the soluble palladium and gold compounds into insoluble palladium and gold compounds by addition of an alkaline solution to the support,c) reducing the insoluble palladium and gold compounds on the support with a reducing agent in the liquid or gaseous phase,d) impregnating the support with at least one soluble alkali metal compound ande) finally drying the support at a maximum of 150.degree. C.,wherein the catalyst is brought into contact with at least one peroxidic compound in step b).

Abstract: An olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises at least one oxide selected from alumina and silica.cndot.alumina having a sulfate ion supported thereon. The amount of the sulfate ion contained in the catalyst is desirably in the range of 0.3 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the alumina and/or silica.cndot.alumina and the sulfate ion. The olefin oligomerization catalyst can be readily prepared by bringing a sulfuric acid aqueous solution or an ammonium sulfate aqueous solution into contact with at least one compound selected from alumina, silica alumina and their precursors, followed by drying and calcining. Further, an olefin oligomerization catalyst comprises at least one oxide selected from alumina and silica.cndot.alumina on which a transition metal oxide is further supported in addition to the sulfate ion. By the use of the catalyst, a lower olefin produced in, for example, a petroleum refining process can be converted into an oligomer of high value added.

Abstract: A dispersed fine-sized anion-modified and phosphorus-promoted iron-oxide slurry catalyst having high surface area exceeding 100 m.sup.2 /gm and high catalytic activity, and which is useful for hydrogenation and hydroconversion reactions for carbonaceous feed materials is disclosed. The catalyst is synthesized by rapid aqueous precipitation from saturated salt solutions such as ferric sulfate and ferric alum, and is promoted with phosphorus. The iron-based catalysts are modified during their preparation with anionic sulfate (SO.sub.4.sup.2-). The resulting catalyst has primary particle size smaller than about 50 Angstrom units, and may be used in a preferred wet cake or gel form which can be easily mixed with a carbonaceous feed material such as coal, heavy petroleum fractions, mixed waste plastics, or mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the catalyst can be dried and/or calcined so as to be in a fine dry particulate form suitable for adding to the feed material.