Abstract: An accelerator system for the cold crosslinking of polymers which harden on exposure to moisture by hydrolysis/condensation, comprising: (C) x parts by weight of a catalyst for crosslinking the said polymers by polycondensation, x ranging from 0.01 to 10; (E) Y parts by weight of a solid inorganic compound containing an amount y of water in the form of water of hydration and/or water adsorbed by capillary condensation, this amount y ranging from 0.5 to 40 parts by weight, and which can represent up to 70% of the weight of the said solid inorganic compound; (F) z parts by weight of fillers, z ranging from 0 to 50; (D) 100-(x+Y+z) parts by weight of a diluent or of a solvent of the said catalyst (C), the diluent or solvent having a dynamic viscosity at 25.degree. C. of the order of 50 to 200,000 mPa.s; the respective amounts of the four constituents (C), (E), (F) and (D) being such that the system obtained exists in the form of a manipulable paste.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amorphous microporous mixed oxides, characterized by having, in dried form, a narrow pore size distribution (half width <.+-.10% of the pore diameter) of micropores with diameters in the range of <3 nm and a total surface area of between 20 and 1000 m.sup.2 /g, containing a fraction of from 0.1 to 20% by weight of non-hydrolyzable organic groups, and to a process for the preparation of such oxides.

Abstract: A silica-titania mixed oxide catalyst and its method of manufacture is disclosed. Such catalysts can be used especially to catalyze the epoxidation of olefinically unsaturated compounds with organic hydroperoxides.

Abstract: A primary object of the present invention is to easily and securely fix a photocatalyst to a substrate. According to the invention, there is provided a process for preparing a photocatalyst material, the process comprising a first step of forming an undercoating containing silica gel on a substrate, a second step of bringing titanium tetrachloride into contact with the undercoating and a third step of heat-treating the coated substrate.

Abstract: Olefin polymerisation catalyst on a porous inorganic support comprising (i) 99.5 to 83.3 parts by weight of SiO.sub.2, (ii) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of Titanium and 0.85 to 1.15 parts by weight of chromium, this catalyst having a pore volume of 0.9 to 1.15 cc/g, a surface area of 440 to 540 m.sup.2 /g and a mean pore diameter of between 70 and 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: Micro-mesoporous gel consisting of a silica matrix possibly wherein one or more metal oxides selected from transition metals or metals belonging to groups IIIA, IVA and VA are uniformly dispersed, characterized by a monomodal porosity distribution.

Abstract: A catalyst support includes substantially spherical particles of a substantially homogeneous mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of refractory inorganic oxides, refractory inorganic carbides, refractory inorganic nitrides and mixtures thereof, wherein said particles have a surface area of at least about 30 m.sup.2 /g, an average pore diameter of at least about 150 .ANG., and a particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. The support may be used in a catalyst system to support a Group IVb and a Group VIII metal in a catalyst system useful for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide into C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons. A method is also provided for preparing the catalyst support and system.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silica-titania catalyst by adding an acidic solution containing a silicon compound such as sodium silicate and a titanium compound such as titanium sulfate dissolved therein to a solution of a compound such as ammonium bicarbonate to bring about co-precipitation, in which the acidic solution is a highly concentrated nitric acid-acidic or sulfuric acid-acidic solution, and a ratio of the dissolved titanium compound in the acidic solution is regulated in a certain range.According to this process, a catalyst capable of exerting a high performance in an esterification reaction and the like can be efficiently obtained.

Abstract: Dehydroxylated oxide (e.g. silica) particles are obtained by reacting oxide particles, having surface hydroxyl groups, with a dialkylcarbonate or diarylcarbonate. The resulting products have surface alkoxy or aryloxy groups and significantly reduced hydroxyl content. The treated oxide particles are especially suitable for use as catalyst supports, and especially as polyolefin catalyst supports.

Abstract: A method of making chromium containing oxide gel-based catalyst wherein an oxide hydrogel is convened to a xerogel by azeotropic distillation of a mixture of said hydrogel and an organic solvent, the improvement comprising impregnating the gel with a chromium compound during azeotropic distillation by incorporating said chromium compound into said mixture before azeotropic distillation and wherein the organic solvent used is selected from the group consisting of ethoxy ethyl acetate, tert-butyoxy propanol, methoxy propyl acetate, n-butoxy propanol, ethoxy ethyl propionate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a supported catalyst comprising a transition metal selected from palladium, platinum, nickel, cobalt or copper on an aerogel support, which includes the steps of providing a mixture containing an alkoxide precursor of the aerogel, a chelate complex of the transition metal with a chelating agent having Si(OR).sub.3 anchor groups, and an organic solvent in which the chelate complex is soluble; hydrolyzing the mixture by admixing it with water to form a gel; and converting the gel under supercritical conditions into the transition metal aerogel-supported catalyst. The supported catalyst has an especially homogeneous distribution of the metal component and is suitable, for example, for use as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of solid state materials such as catalysts, electrolytes, piezo electric materials and superconductors is disclosed. The process produces materials with high phase purity. Novel solid state materials having high phase purity are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytically active gel product is described consisting of a silica matrix which is amorphous to x-rays with uniform porosity, monomodal pore distribution and high surface area, within which one or more metal oxides possessing catalytic activity are dispersed. A process for preparing this catalytic gel is also described.

Abstract: Microspherical cogel particles comprising silica and at least one other metal oxide are prepared by forming a slurry of porous particulate material comprising silica and a liquid medium comprising at least 90%, by weight of the liquid medium, of an organic liquid and subjecting the slurry to spray drying. The method enables agglomeration of particulate material of especially small particle size to obtain microspherical particles of a size especially suitable for us as a catalyst support. The particles have a pore size of at least 2 cc/g and, especially when the particles contain titanium atoms, are especially suitable for use in the preparation of a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A method for preparing silica, silica-chromium and silica-titanium-chromium polyolefin catalysts and catalyst supports wherein an alcohol-treated hydrogel is heated under partial oxidation conditions to reduce the carbon level to below about one weight percent prior to activation.

Abstract: There is provided a highly porous amorphous titania or titania/silica material. The material may be prepared by gelling a reaction mixture comprising hydrolyzable titanium and optionally, hydrolyzable silicon compounds, such as titanium diisopropoxide (2,4-pentanedionate) and tetraethylorthosilicate, a nonaqueous solvent, such as ethanol, and water, followed by drying the gel. The titania or titania/silica material may be used as a catalyst, a catalyst support or a sorbent.

Abstract: A honeycomb catalyst for effecting catalytic reduction and removal of nitrogen oxides in waste gas in the presence of ammonia, which homeycomb catalyst (I) contains a catalytically active substance comprising 60 to 99.5% by weight of a binary oxide containing titanium and silicon and 40 to 0.5% by weight of the oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, manganese, cerium, and tin, (II) possesses an opening ratio in the cross section of said catalyst in the range of 80 to 90%, (III) has a thickness of partition walls separating through holes in the range of 0.2 to 0.8 mm, and (IV) possesses pores comprising substantially two independent pore groups each of a uniform pore diameter, such that the pore volume occupied by one pore group having a pore diameter in the range of 0.01 to 0.03 .mu.

Abstract: Sodium-free olefin polymerization catalysts having high polymerization activities and methods of preparing such catalysts are provided. A hydrolyzable silicate ester and a hydrolyzable acid-generating chromium compound are combined with water and an organic solvent whereby a hydrolysis reaction solution is formed comprising silica and chromium. Sufficient acid-neutralizing gelling agent is added to the solution to form a gelled silica-chromium catalyst and the catalyst is aged to stabilize its structure. Water and solvent are removed from the catalyst and the catalyst is activated.

Abstract: Zirconium silica hydrogels are disclosed including at least about 5 wt. % water bound as a hydrate and including silicon as SiO.sub.2 in amounts of from 60 to 99 wt. % and zirconium as ZrO.sub.2 in amounts of from 1 to 40 wt. %, and where substantially all of the zirconium is bound to the SiO.sub.2 in the hydrogel. Hydrophobic zirconium silica hydrogels are also disclosed in which a hydrophobic component, such as organosiloxanes, organosilanes, primary and secondary higher aliphatic alcohols, and long chain amines, are bound to the surface of the hydrogel, and in which the zirconium is present in amounts sufficient to improve the stability of the hydrogels. Methods of manufacturing these zirconium silica hydrogels are also disclosed.

Abstract: A silica-titania cogel or silica-titania-chromium tergel is first aged at a substantially neutral pH, then aged at an alkaline pH, and then spray dried or azeotrope dried to form a xerogel. Optionally, a pore-preserving agent can be added prior to drying. The cogel can be impregnated with a chromium compound. The chromium-containing catalyst is activated by calcination. The activated catalyst can be used as a polymerization catalyst to polymerize mono-1-olefins.

Abstract: Catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia are made from porous formed supports having a certain fraction of the pores with pore diameters larger than 600 Angstrom units. Thus macropores can be introduced in a formed TiO.sub.2 support by adding burnout materials or some inorganic oxide prior to forming the titania into the formed support. Alternatively, titania is precipitated onto a porous inorganic oxide such as SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, AlPO.sub.4, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 to form the support. Then conventional DeNOx catalytic metals are added. The support can be made by first impregnating the inorganic oxide particles with titania via a soluble precursor, forming titania and then shaping the coated particles into the desired shape such as a monolith. In a second embodiment, the inorganic oxide particles are first formed into the desired shape and then impregnated with the titania forming material.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for production of an alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid made by condensing formaldehyde with, for example, propionic acid, which catalyst is made from a SiO.sub.2 -SnO.sub.2 mixed-oxide component consisting of porous silica gel and tin (IV) oxide and a cesium ion component.

Abstract: A method of preparing a high pore volume, high surface area zirconia-titania-silica tergel useful as an olefin polymerization or copolymerization catalyst support comprises the steps of coprecipitating hydrous zirconia, hydrous titania and hydrous silica, aging and washing the resulting hydrotergel, removing water from the washed hydrotergel and optionally calcining the resulting xerotergel. Resins with predetermined properties such as high melt index, broad molecular weight distribution, high weight swell, etc. can be produced from catalysts of the chromium or Ziegler type based on these supports.

Abstract: Disclosed is an amorphous, spherical inorganic compound having a particle size of 0.1 to 1.0 .mu.m, which comprises as main constituents (1) an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals of the Groups I, II, III and IV of the Periodic Table, said metal oxide being capable of combining with silicon dioxide, and (2) silica.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides which comprises sintering orthotitanic acid in coexistence of at least one compound, selected from silicic acid in the form of fine particles, tungsten compounds and molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic oxide aerogels and the method of preparing such inorganic oxide aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises dissolving the inorganic alkoxide or metal salt in a solvent optionally containing a catalytic amount of an acid or base and hydrolyzing to form a gelled or colloidal material which is further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent which is then dried to remove surface water.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic oxide-containing aerogels and the method of preparing such oxide-containing aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises dissolving the inorganic alkoxide or metal salt in a solvent optionally containing a catalytic amount of an acid or base and hydrolyzing the metal compound which is then further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent.

Abstract: A silica-titania cogel is produced in a two-step process wherein in the first step an alkyl polysilicate and/or a tetraalkyl silicate is partially hydrolyzed in an alkaline organic solvent using insufficient water to complete hydrolysis and thereafter a tetraalkyl titanate and an excess of water are added to complete the hydrolysis. The resulting product is as good or better than silica-titania cogels made by expensive prior art techniques and offers the advantage of not requiring washing step to remove alkali metal ions and thus also does not require an azeotrope drying step to remove water.

Abstract: Catalysts prepared from large pore volume zirconia-silica catalyst supports and a method of polymerizing olefins comprising contacting an olefin or mixture of olefins with the catalysts. The supports are prepared by reacting a zirconium compound of the formula M.sub.4 Zr(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.4.nH.sub.2 O, where M is an alkali metal or ammonium ion and n equals 0 to 10, with a silicon compound of the type A.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, where A is an alkali metal, in an aqueous solution at a pH equal to at least 11, then adding an acidic solution to a pH of about 5-9 to produce a hydrocogel. The hydrocogel is then aged and washed free of soluble by-products with an aqueous liquid. Water is removed from the washed hydrocogel by azeotropic distillation or by washing with a water miscible solvent, then residual water is removed by chemically reacting this water with a ketal of the formula RC(OR).sub.2 R where R is the same or different and is an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms, and then calcining the resulting xerocogel.

Abstract: Novel compositions are prepared by reacting zirconium hydride and metal oxide gels in the slurry phase. These compositions are useful as catalysts and catalyst supports.

Abstract: Methanol, dimethyl ether or a mixture thereof is converted to a hydrocarbon product rich in iso-C.sub.4 compounds by contact with a catalyst comprised of crystalline silica having molecular sieve properties or a crystalline solid with molecular sieve properties which has been impregnated with thorium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A silica composition having a high concentration of titanium is produced by solubilizing a titanium compound by combining same with a peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide. In a preferred embodiment, the peroxide is combined with the acid typically used in producing a gel from the combination of a silicate solution and an acid although the solubilizing component can also be used to simply impregnate particulate silica. The resulting composition has a high titanium content and an unusual pore structure makes it ideally suited as a catalyst base. When contemplated as a catalyst base, chromium can simply be coprecipitated with the silica and titanium. The resulting catalyst is ideally suited for the polymerization of olefins under slurry conditions.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil containing asphaltenes comprises a porous carrier composed of one or more inorganic oxides of at least one element selected from among those of Groups II, III and IV of the Periodic Table, and at least one catalytic metal component composited with the carrier. The metal of the catalytic metal component is selected from among those of Groups VB, VIB, VIII and IB of the Periodic Table. The catalyst contains about 1 to 30% by weight of such catalytic metal component and has the following pore characteristics with regard to its pores having a diameter of 75 .ANG. or more: an average pore diameter APD of about 180 to 500 .ANG., a total pore volume PV, expressed in cc/g, being equal to or greater than a value X ##EQU1## the volume of pores with a diameter of about 180 to 500 .ANG. being at least about 0.2 cc/g, the volume of pores with a diameter of at least 1,500 .ANG. being not greater than about 0.03 cc/g, and a total surface area being at least about 60 m.

Abstract: A silica-containing material or a phosphate is treated with a partially hydrolyzed silica. The resulting composition when used as a support for a chromium olefin polymerization catalyst exhibits beneficial characteristics in terms of effecting a desirable shift in molecular weight distribution without appreciably affecting other properties such as melt flow.

Abstract: A silica-containing composition suitable for supporting chromium to produce a catalyst capable of giving high melt flow olefin polymers for such applications as injection molding and the like requiring a narrow molecular weight distribution, is produced by treating a silica-containing material at an elevated temperature with either (1), CO, (2) a bromine or iodine component, or (3) an oxygen-containing sulfur component, more specifically a carbon, oxygen and sulfur-containing component. Thereafter, anhydrous chromium can be added, for instance, by means of a hydrocarbon solution of a soluble chromium compound, and the resulting composition activated in air to produce a catalyst. The bromine or iodine treated silica contains bound bromine of iodine if the treating agent is HBr, HI, an organic halide of Br or I or elemental Br or I used in conjunction with a reducing agent.

Abstract: A method of preparing large pore volume zirconia-silica catalyst supports, the resulting supports and a method of polymerizing olefins comprising contacting an olefin or mixture of olefins with a catalyst prepared with these supports. The supports are prepared by reacting a zirconium compound of the formula M.sub.4 Zr(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.4.nH.sub.2 O, where M is an alkali metal or ammonium ion and n equals 0 to 10, with a silicon compound of the type A.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, where A is an alkali metal, in an aqueous solution at a pH equal to at least 11, then adding an acidic solution to a pH of about 5-9 to produce a hydrocogel. The hydrocogel is then aged and washed free of soluble by-products first with water, then with aqueous ammonium nitrate and again with water. The water is removed from the washed hydrocogel by azeotropic distillation or by washing with a water miscible solvent and then calcining the resulting xerocogel.