Abstract: In various implementations, a filter may include a substrate and manganese oxide coupled to the substrate. The filter may at least remove particles and/or chemicals from a gaseous stream. In some implementations, the filter may be capable of degrading at least one of formaldehyde or ozone present in a gaseous stream.

Abstract: Cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) supported Fe and Co catalysts are utilized in a method for producing hydrocarbons by a Fischer-Tropsch mechanism. The hydrocarbon producing method includes providing a catalyst of a manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieve nanofibers with an active catalyst component of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, manganese, vanadium, zinc, and mixtures thereof, and further containing an alkali metal. The formation of iron carbides and cobalt carbides by exposing the catalyst to conditions sufficient to form those carbides is also taught. After the catalyst has been appropriately treated, a carbon source and a hydrogen source are provided and contacted with the catalyst to thereby form a hydrocarbon containing product. The catalyst have high catalytic activity and selectivity (75%) for C2+ hydrocarbons in both CO hydrogenation and CO2 hydrogenation.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a vanadate represented by the formula XVO4/S, wherein XVO4 stands for a Bi-, Sb-, Ga- and/or Al-vanadate optionally in mixture with one or more rare earth metal-vanadates, or in mixture with one or more transition metal-vanadates, or in mixture with one or more transition metal-vanadates and one or more rare earth metal-vanadates, and S is a support comprising TiO2, optionally in combination with a dopant and a process for the preparation of such catalyst compositions.

Abstract: An improved method for producing an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous film or tape supporting catalyst particles. The method for producing an expanded PTFE porous film or tape supporting catalyst particles according to the invention comprises a step of preparing tape-like porous PTFE, a step of impregnating the tape-like porous PTFE with a solution or dispersion of catalyst particles, a step of substantially removing the solvent or dispersing medium, and a step of further stretching the tape-like porous PTFE containing the catalyst particles in the machine direction (MD) and/or the transverse direction (TD).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts having a narrow particle size distribution. In particular, the invention concerns preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalyst precursors comprising combustible crystallization seeds upon which the catalyst metal oxide is co-precipitated with the carrier metal oxide, which crystallization seeds are removed by combustion in a final calcining step. The present invention also concerns processes wherein the nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts of the invention are used, such as SCR (deNOx) reactions of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or urea as reductant, oxidations of alcohols or aldehydes with dioxygen or air to provide aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids, and photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Abstract: A method of producing an alumina-supported cobalt catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, which comprises: calcining an initial ?-alumina support material at a temperature to produce a modified alumina support material; impregnating the modified alumina support material with a source of cobalt; calcining the impregnated support material, activating the catalyst with a reducing gas, steam treating the activated catalyst, and activating the steam treated catalyst with a reducing gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst which can be used in the process for producing hydrogen by decomposing ammonia, can generate heat efficiently in the interior of a reactor without requiring excessive heating the reactor externally, and can decompose ammonia efficiently and steadily by utilizing the heat to produce hydrogen. Also disclosed is a technique for producing hydrogen by decomposing ammonia efficiently utilizing the catalyst. Specifically disclosed is a catalyst for use in the production of hydrogen, which is characterized by comprising an ammonia-combusting catalytic component and an ammonia-decomposing catalytic component. Also specifically disclosed is a catalyst for use in the production of hydrogen, which is characterized by comprising at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and molybdenum.

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an enhanced oxygen storage material (OSM) that may be converted into powder form and used as a raw material for a vast number of applications, and more particularly in catalyst systems. The disclosed OSM, substantially free from PGM and rare earth (RE) metals, has significantly higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC) than conventional OSM including PGM and RE metals. The disclosed OSM may be converted into powder, including a formulation of Cu—Mn spinel structure deposited on Nb—Zr oxide support. The disclosed OSM may also be coated onto a ceramic substrate as washcoat layer for characterization under OSC isothermal oscillating condition. The disclosed OSM may have an optimal OSC property that increases with the temperature, showing acceptable level of O2 storage even at low temperatures.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to catalyst support materials, catalysts and methods for using them, such as methods for converting sugars, sugar alcohols, glycerol, and bio-renewable organic acids to commercially-valuable chemicals and intermediates. One aspect of the invention is catalyst support material including ZrO2 and one or more oxides of manganese (MnOx), the catalyst support material being at least about 50 wt % ZrO2 and MnOx. In certain embodiments, the weight ratio of ZrO2 to MnOx is within the range of about 1:1 to about 30:1; and/or the catalyst support material is substantially free of any binder, extrusion aid or additional stabilizing agent.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbon monoxide impurities are removed from a dry gas comprising the impurities, wherein the dry gas is at least substantially free of carbon dioxide, by passing the dry gas with sufficient residence time, e.g. at least 1.5 s, through a layer of catalyst comprising a mixture of manganese oxide and copper oxide. The use of expensive noble metal catalysts to remove hydrogen may thereby be avoided. In addition, regeneration of the catalyst using oxygen-containing regeneration gas does not reduce the effectiveness of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The multifunctional catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid and ethyl acetate to ethanol. The catalyst is effective for providing an acetic acid conversion greater than 20% and an ethyl acetate conversion greater than 0%. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support. The modified support includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, vanadium, and tantalum, provided that the modified support does not contain phosphorous.

Abstract: Influence of a plurality of base metal loadings on TWC performance and thermal stability of ZPGM catalysts for TWC applications is disclosed. ZPGM catalyst samples are prepared and configured with washcoat on ceramic substrate, overcoat including doped Zirconia support oxide, and impregnation layer of Cu—Mn spinel with different base metal loadings. Testing of ZPGM catalyst samples including variations of base metal loadings is developed under isothermal steady state sweep test condition for fresh and aged ZPGM catalysts to evaluate the influence of variations of base metal loadings on TWC performance specially NOx conversions and level of stability of NOx conversion. As a result disclosed ZPGM catalyst systems with an optimum base metal loadings exhibit high and stable NOx conversion which is suitable for under floor TWC application.

Abstract: A catalyst for the electrolysis of water molecules and hydrocarbons, the catalyst including catalytic groups comprising A1-xB2-yB?yO4 spinels having a cubical M4O4 core, wherein A is Li or Na, B and B? are independently any transition metal or main group metal, M is B, B?, or both, x is a number from 0 to 1, and y is a number from 0 to 2. In photo-electrolytic applications, a plurality of catalytic groups are supported on a conductive support substrate capable of incorporating water molecules. At least some of the catalytic groups, supported by the support substrate, are able to catalytically interact with water molecules incorporated into the support substrate. The catalyst can also be used as part of a photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structured catalyst based on sintered metal fibers (SMF) coated by a non-acidic metal oxide layer impregnated with Pd and Agnanopartides, characterized in that the ratio of the Pd:Ag is 1:1 to 10:1, as well as the use of such a catalyst in selective catalytic hydrogenations of organic compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst which can convert ammonia contained in exhaust gas from an engine of a vehicle equipped with a Urea-SCR (Urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction) system, to nitrogen, and a method for preparating the same. The catalyst can convert ammonia which is failed to participate in a conversion reaction of NOx to N2 and slipped out of the SCR catalyst, to nitrogen via a SCO (Selective Catalytic Oxidation) reaction, before the ammonia is released to the air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active material for reacting nitrogen oxides with ammonia in the presence of hydrocarbons. The material consists of an inner core (1) made of a zeolite exchanged with one or more transition metals or a zeolite-like compound exchanged with one or more transition metals. The core of the catalytically active material is encased by a shell (2), which is made of one or more oxides selected from silicon dioxide, germanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium dioxide, and mixed oxides thereof.

Abstract: Stabilized palladium (+1) compounds to mimic rhodium's electronic configuration and catalytic properties are disclosed. Palladium (+1) compounds may be stabilized in perovskite or delafossite structures and may be employed in Three-Way Catalysts (TWC) for at least the conversion of HC, CO and NOx, in exhaust gases. The TWC may include a substrate, a wash-coat and, a first impregnation layer, a second impregnation layer and an over-coat. The second impregnation layer and the over-coat may include palladium (+1) based compounds as catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided having a zeolite material of a CHA crystal structure and a silica to alumina mole ratio (SAR) of about 10 to about 25 and preferably having a mean crystal size of at least 1.0 microns; and a non-aluminum base metal (M), wherein said zeolite material contains said base metal in a base metal to aluminum ratio (M:Al) of about 0.10 to about 0.24.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst suitable for use in a fuel cell, the electrocatalyst comprising: palladium, iridium and an anionic polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed here are variations of carrier material oxide formulations to create Cu—Mn spinel, where the formulations may include Ti1-xNbxO2, TiO2, SiO2, Doped alumina, Nb2O5—ZrO2, Nb2O5—ZrO2—CeO2, Doped ZrO2 and combinations thereof. The formation of type of Cu—Mn oxide phase depends on type of carrier material oxide. The crystallite size of Cu—Mn spinel, NO and CO conversion rate of Cu—Mn Spinel may vary according to the carrier material oxide and condition treatment used to form the spinel during co-precipitation method.

Abstract: Variations of synthesis methods for Zero Platinum Group Metal (ZPGM) catalyst systems are disclosed herein. The methodologies of influence of synthesis methods on Cu—Mn catalyst systems which may include a variation of carrier metal oxides are disclosed. The XRD characterization and activity measurements of a series of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn spinels with different support oxide are discussed.

Abstract: An Ag/MnyOx/C catalyst is disclosed, wherein MnyOx is one of Mn3O4 and MnO, or the mixture of Mn3O4 and MnO, or the mixture of Mn3O4 and MnO2 with the mass content of MnO2 in the mixture of Mn3O4 and MnO2 being 0.01-99.9%. The catalyst is obtained by pyrolyzing AgMnO4 at a high temperature. The preparation method comprises two steps: (1) preparing AgMnO4 crystal as the precursor; (2) preparing the Ag/MnyOx/C catalyst. The catalyst has advantages such as high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity in an alkaline environment, good stability, abundant availability and low cost of raw materials, safety, non-toxicity and pollution-free, environmental friendliness, and adaptive capacity for massive production. The catalyst can be used as oxygen reduction catalyst in metal air fuel cell, alkali anion exchange membrane fuel cell and other alkaline environments.

Abstract: A porous oxide catalyst includes porous oxide, and an oxygen vacancy-inducing metal which induces an oxygen vacancy in a lattice structure of a porous metal oxide.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oxide which comprises reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) ruthenium metal or a ruthenium oxide, (b) manganese oxide and (c) alkaline metal component or alkaline earth metal component.

Abstract: Disclosed here are material formulations of use in the conversion of exhaust gases, where the formulations may include Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and combinations thereof. Combinations of use may include Cu—Mn Spinels. Catalysts including these materials may be synthesized by methods including co-precipitation, co-milling, templating, and the sol-gel method, using any suitable carrier material oxide and any suitable oxygen storage material. The properties of the catalysts disclosed may vary according to the calcining temperature, where stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn Spinels may form when calcining suitable formulations at suitable temperatures.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage alloy unit comprises a porous body 7 having a large number of holes (spaces) 9 allowing hydrogen atoms to pass through, and a hydrogen storage alloy covering a surface of the porous body 7, inclusive of surfaces of the holes thereof. The hydrogen storage alloy includes a hydrogen storage base formed of a hydrogen storage material, and a catalytic layer covering a surface of the hydrogen storage base. The porous body 7 is formed of an assembly of hydrogen storage fibers 8 formed by vapor-depositing the hydrogen storage alloy onto nanofibers.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a method for producing an alkanediol, such as 1,5-pentanediol, with a high reaction selectivity thereto by reacting a cyclic ether group-containing methanol such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol by using a non-chromium catalyst not containing chromium atom. More specifically, the method is to produce an alkanediol having hydroxy groups at both molecular terminals shown by the formula (2), includes reacting a cyclic ether group-containing methanol shown by the formula (1) with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst which contains copper atom, at least one co-existing atom selected from the group consisting of elements of the third to the sixth periods of the II to XIV groups (excluding chromium) in the periodical table and lanthanide elements.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide titanium oxide granules that have a novel structure and have a characteristic of highly efficient decomposing capability, and a method of decomposing plastic and organic waste by using the granules. The present invention has been completed based on the finding that a method of decomposing plastic waste by using titanium oxide granules having a transition metal and/or a transition metal oxide, in particular copper, supported thereon enables decomposition of plastic waste at extremely high efficiency in a low-temperature region for a long period of time as compared to methods of decomposing plastic waste by using the related-art titanium oxide granules.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes are provided for forming epoxide compounds. In one embodiment, a process for the manufacture of an epoxide is provided including adding an oxidant, a water-soluble manganese complex and a terminal olefin to form a multiphasic reaction mixture, reacting the terminal olefin with the oxidant in the multiphasic reaction mixture having at least one organic phase in the presence of the water-soluble manganese complex, separating the reaction mixture into the at least one organic phase and an aqueous phase, and reusing at least part of the aqueous phase. The invention is also related to a device for performing the above process.

Abstract: The effect of aging temperature on oxygen storage materials (OSM) substantially free from platinum group (PGM) and rare earth (RE) metals is disclosed. Samples of ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM, hydrothermally aged at a plurality of high temperatures are found to have significantly high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and phase stability than conventional PGM catalysts with Ce-based OSM. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM includes a formulation of Cu—Mn stoichiometric spinel structure deposited on Nb—Zr oxide support and may be converted into powder to be used as OSM application or coated onto catalyst substrate. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM, after aging condition, presents enhanced level of thermal stability and OSC property which shows improved catalytic activity than conventional PGM catalysts including Ce-based OSM. ZPGM-ZRE metals OSM may be suitable for a vast number of applications, and more particularly in underfloor catalyst systems.

Abstract: Liquid cleaning compositions are described herein that include a metal bleach catalyst which is a complex of a transition-metal and a macrocyclic ligand, the ligand having a calculated Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient value of from about ?1.50 to about ?0.10, a formulation enabling fraction comprising at least one formulation enabling ingredient, the formulation enabling fraction having a Hydrophilic Index of from about 4.0 to about 10.0, and a formulation deactivating fraction comprising at least one formulation deactivating ingredient that has a calculated Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient value of from about ?3.5 to about ?0.10.

Abstract: The influence of a plurality of support oxides on coating process for ZPGM catalysts is disclosed. ZPGM catalyst samples with washcoat on suitable ceramic substrate and overcoat including a plurality of support oxides are prepared including an impregnation layer of Cu—Mn spinel or overcoat may be prepared from powder of Cu—Mn spinel with support oxide. Testing of fresh and aged ZPGM catalyst samples is developed under isothermal steady state sweep test condition. Catalyst testing allows to determine effect of a plurality of support oxides on coating processes, TWC performance, and stability of ZPGM catalysts for a plurality of TWC applications. Stability of ZPGM-TWC systems may be improved by promotion of the activity of ZPGM materials incorporating support oxides. Improvements that may be provided by the combination of support oxides with ZPGM materials in the catalyst may lead to a most effective utilization of ZPGM materials in TWC converters.

Abstract: A Cu—Mn—Fe spinel on a plurality of support oxides is disclosed as ZPGM catalyst. The active phase for ZPGM samples may be Cu—Mn—Fe spinel on ZrO2 or Niobium-Zirconia support oxide. TWC activity may be increased and the effect of support oxide on performance of Cu—Mn—Fe spinel optimized to provide enhanced levels of NO, CO, and HC conversion even when compared to materials used for binary systems of Cu—Mn spinel. Cu—Mn—Fe spinel on support oxide provides optimal and stable spinel phase at a range of temperatures below 900° C. Bulk powder material including the disclosed ternary system may provide active catalyst for TWC applications having a chemical composition substantially free from PGM for cost effective manufacturing.

Abstract: Variations of coating processes of ZPGM catalyst materials for TWC applications are disclosed. The disclosed coating processes for ZPGM materials are enabled in the preparation of ZPGM catalyst samples according to a plurality of catalyst configurations, which may include washcoat and an overcoat layer with or without an impregnation layer, including Cu—Mn spinel and doped Zirconia support oxide, prepared according to variations of disclosed coating processes. Activity measurements under isothermal steady state sweep test condition are considered under lean condition and rich condition close to stoichiometric condition to analyze the influence of disclosed coating processes on TWC performance of ZPGM catalysts. Different coating processes may substantially increase TWC activity, providing improved levels of NO, CO, and HC conversions and cost effective manufacturing solutions.

Abstract: It is an object of the present disclosure, to provide an optimized catalyst composition with variations of Cu and Mn molar ratio, which may include a formulation CuxMn3-xO4 spinel, with a plurality of molar ratio variations for selecting the optimal Cu—Mn molar ratio for TWC application. The formulation may include a support oxide, such as Nb2O5—ZrO2. Employing this optimized Cu and Mn ratio in spinel as overcoat may achieve optimal NO conversion, high catalyst activity, and enhanced thermal stability, having a chemical composition substantially free from PGM and rare earth metals. According to principles of the present disclosure, the disclosed Cu—Mn spinel on Nb—Zr support oxide for TWC applications may require a washcoat of alumina, and overcoat of Cu—Mn spinel on Nb—Zr support oxide.

Abstract: It is an object of the present disclosure, to provide an oxygen storage material which may include optimum composition and structure of Cu—Mn spinel as OSM, with a suitable doped zirconia, including Niobium-Zirconia support oxide for OSM applications, which may include a chemical composition substantially free from rare metals. The OSC properties of Cu—Mn spinel with a suitable doped zirconia, including Niobium-Zirconia support oxide as OSM may be determined by comparing variations of Cu—Mn composition for determination of the optimum structure of spinel to achieve optimal OSC properties and thermal stability, which may be particularly useful for treating exhaust gases produced by internal combustion engines, where lean/rich fluctuations in operating conditions may produce high variation in exhaust contaminants that may be removed, achieving optimal OSC property of spinel at different temperatures, as well as thermal stability behavior of OSM.

Abstract: Described are ZPGM catalyst systems which are free of any platinum group metals for reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons in exhaust streams. ZPGM catalyst systems may include a substrate, a washcoat, and an overcoat. Both manganese and copper may be provided as catalysts, with copper in the overcoat and manganese preferably in the washcoat. The manganese can also be provided in the overcoat, but when in the overcoat should be stabilized for greatest effectiveness. A carrier material oxide may be included in both washcoat and overcoat. It has been discovered that the ZPGM catalyst systems are effective even without OSM in washcoat and the ZPGM catalysts within washcoat and overcoat may be best prepared by co-milling an aqueous slurry that includes manganese with alumina for the washcoat and copper and cerium salts with alumina and an OSM, for overcoat prior to overcoating and heat treating.

Abstract: A method of preparing a nitrogen containing electrode catalyst by converting a high surface area metal-organic framework (MOF) material free of platinum group metals that includes a transition metal, an organic ligand, and an organic solvent via a high temperature thermal treatment to form catalytic active sites in the MOF. At least a portion of the contained organic solvent may be replaced with a nitrogen containing organic solvent or an organometallic compound or a transition metal salt to enhance catalytic performance. The electrode catalysts may be used in various electrochemical systems, including a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a device for reducing a volatile organic compound (VOC) content of a gas comprising a manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst. The manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst is capable of catalyzing formaldehyde at room temperature, with complete conversion, to CO2 and water vapor. The manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst itself is not consumed by the reaction of formaldehyde into CO2 and water vapor. The present invention also provides for a device for reducing or removing a particle, a VOC and/or ozone from a gas comprising an activated carbon filter (ACF) on a media that is capable of being periodically regenerated.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidizing carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and methyl bromide (CH3Br) is provided. The catalyst comprises a first base metal catalyst supported on an oxygen donating support that is substantially free of alumina, and at least one second base metal catalyst. Also provided is a method for treating the waste stream from a purified terephthalic acid (PTA) process, the method comprising contacting a waste stream containing carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and methyl bromide with a catalyst comprising a first base metal catalyst supported on an oxygen donating support that is substantially free of alumina, and at least one second base metal catalyst.

Abstract: A cermet catalyst material, including a spinel matrix defining a spinel grain and a plurality metal particles embedded in and on the surface of the spinel grain. When the spinel grain is in a first oxidizing atmosphere and at a temperature above about 800 degrees Celsius the metal particles are absorbed into the spinel matrix in the form of metal cations. When the grain is in an second, less oxidizing atmosphere and at a temperature below about 1100 degrees Celsius the metal cations emerge from the spinel matrix to yield a plurality of metal particles adhering to the spinel grain or residing in intragranular pores.

Abstract: Metal bleach catalysts that are complexes of a transition-metal and a dioxo ligand, cleaning compositions comprising such metal bleach catalysts, and methods of using such metal bleach catalysts, are described herein.

Abstract: Mixed oxides catalysts usable in particular in the full oxidation to CO2 and H2O of volatile organic compounds (VOC), in the decomposition of nitrogen protoxide to nitrogen and oxygen and the combustion of CO, H2 and CH4 off gases in fuel cells, comprising oxides of manganese, copper and La2O3 and/or Nd2O3, having a percentage composition by weight expressed as MnO, CuO, La2O3 and/or Nd2O3 respectively of 35-56%, 19-31% and 20-37%. The oxides are supported on inert porous inorganic oxides, preferably alumina.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing nitrogen protoxide from gas mixtures which contain it, comprising mixed oxides of cobalt, manganese and rare earth metals having composition expressed as percentage by weight of CoO, MnO and transition metal oxide in the lowest state of valence as follows: MnO 38-56%, CoO 22-30%, rare earth metal oxide 22-32%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration structure, for filtering a gas coming from a diesel engine, which is laden with gaseous pollutants of the nitrogen oxide NOx type and with solid particles, of the particulate filter type, said filtration structure being characterized in that it includes a catalytic system comprising at least one noble metal or transition metal suitable for reducing the NOx and a support material, in which said support material comprises or is made of a zirconium oxide partially substituted with a trivalent cation M3+ or with a divalent cation M?2+, said zirconium oxide being in a reduced, oxygen-sub-stoichiometric, state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of epichlorohydrin (“ECH”) by catalytic oxidation of allyl chloride (“AC”) with an oxidant wherein the catalytic oxidation is performed in an aqueous reaction medium, wherein a water-soluble manganese complex is used as oxidation catalyst, followed by the isolation of epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrocatalytic material and a method for making an electrocatalytic material. There is also provided an electrocatalytic material comprising amorphous metal or mixed metal oxides. There is also provided methods of forming an electrocatalyst, comprising an amorphous metal oxide film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of selected metal complex compounds and ligands as oxidation catalysts as well as to a process for removing stains and soil on textiles and hard surfaces. The metal complex compounds have hydrazide ligands, preferably with electron withdrawing groups in the phenyl ring adjacent to the acyl group. Further aspects of the invention are formulations comprising such metal complex compounds, novel metal complex compounds and novel ligands.

Abstract: A process of producing ?,?-unsaturated ethers includes pyrolyzing an acetal represented by Formula (2) below in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst and a compound having at least one hydrogen atom capable of hydrogen bonding to produce an ?,?-unsaturated ether represented by Formula (3) below: R1R2CH—CR3(OR4)2??(2) R1R2C?C—R3(OR4)??(3) In Formulae (2) and (3), R1, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group; R4 is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group; the plurality of R4 in Formula (2) may be the same or different from each other.