Of Iron Patents (Class 502/336)
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Patent number: 5759939Abstract: Finely divided composite materials are provided comprising a first metal oxide (e.g., MgO) at least partially coated with an extremely thin layer of a second metal oxide selected from the group consisting of the transition metal oxides such as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The composites are very effective for the destructive adsorption of undesirable fluids in gaseous or liquid form, such as chlorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. In use, a fluid stream including undesirable fluids are contacted with the composites of the invention, such as through the use of a filter containing the composite as a part of the filter media thereof.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1995Date of Patent: June 2, 1998Assignee: Kansas State University Research FoundationInventors: Kenneth J. Klabunde, Abbas Khaleel
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Patent number: 5750453Abstract: A method for making a synthetic mixed metal oxide or meixnerite which, when activated, has a high B.E.T. surface area, typically about 290 m.sup.2 /g or greater. The method comprises activating hydrotalcite, then cooling and hydrating such activated material with a metal salt solution in a carbon dioxide-free environment. Such hydration can produce a material that absorbs more than 100% of its weight in water. Following hydration, this material is activated a second time in a virtually carbon dioxide-free environment. Such reactivation decomposes the salt and leaves a supported metal oxide readily available to be used for catalyst reactions.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1996Date of Patent: May 12, 1998Assignee: Aluminum Company of AmericaInventors: Michael A. Easley, William E. Horn, Jr.
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Patent number: 5739075Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst suitable for the production of ethylene oxide which process comprises depositing a promoting amount of a salt of a rare earth metal and a promoting amount of a salt of an alkaline earth metal and/or a salt of a Group VIII transition metal on a porous, refractory support, calcining the support, and thereafter depositing a catalytically effective amount of silver, a promoting amount of alkali metal, and optionally, a promoting amount of rhenium and/or a promoting amount of a rhenium co-promoter selected from sulfur, molybdenum, tungsten, chromium, phosphorus, boron and mixtures thereof, on the support, and subsequently drying the support.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1995Date of Patent: April 14, 1998Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventor: Marek Matusz
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Patent number: 5733839Abstract: To prepare a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, a slurry comprising a particular alumina carrier, water and an active component selected from the group consisting in cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and mixtures thereof, is subjected to a sub-atmospheric pressure environment. The alumina carrier is thereby impregnated by the active component. The impregnated carrier is dried under a sub-atmospheric pressure environment. The dried impregnated carrier is calcined, thereby to obtain the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1996Date of Patent: March 31, 1998Assignee: Sastech (Proprietary) LimitedInventors: Rafael Luis Espinoza, Jacobus Lucas Visagie, Peter Jacobus Van Berge, Franciscus Hermanus Bolder
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Patent number: 5733838Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst based on an alloy of aluminum and of a transition metal is prepared by preparing a kneaded material from the alloy and an assistant, converting the kneaded material into moldings, calcining the moldings and treating the calcined moldings with an alkali metal hydroxide, by a process in which the assistant used is(a) polyvinyl alcohol and water or(b) stearic acid,and the catalyst prepared according to the invention is used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, in particular the partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles to aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1996Date of Patent: March 31, 1998Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Maximilian Vicari, Klemens Flick, Johann-Peter Melder, Werner Schnurr, Joachim Wulff-Doring
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Patent number: 5730845Abstract: A method of producing an organo-nitrogen compound by the direct conversion of elemental nitrogen, in which a substrate vapor of a simple organic compound, e.g. propanol is mixed with a carrier gas at least partly comprising nitrogen and the vapor mixture is passed over a catalyst, e.g. of a transition metal, and irradiated with microwave radiation to produce a simple organo-nitrogen compound.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1996Date of Patent: March 24, 1998Assignees: Gecalsthom Limited, Isambard Services LimitedInventors: David John Harper, Ronald Michael Henson, David John Wheeler
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Patent number: 5728913Abstract: A method of treating hydrocarbon fuels with a base metal catalyst is provided for improving the performance of hydrocarbon fuels used internal and external combustion engines The catalyst is a base metal alloy catalyst including tin antimony, lead and mercury. The catalyst operates at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure and in the presence of a small but effective quantity of water. The method of treating the fuel with the catalyst may be employed at any point after refining of the fuel and prior to combustion thereof.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1996Date of Patent: March 17, 1998Inventor: Anthony W. Finkl
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Patent number: 5719097Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, such as a noble metal, and an acidic solid component comprising a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. An example of this catalyst is zirconia, modified with tungstate and platinum. There is also provided a method for preparing this catalyst. This catalyst may be used, for example, to isomerize C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 paraffins. The feed to this paraffin isomerization reaction may, optionally, include cyclic hydrocarbons, such as benzene or cyclohexane, which may undergo ring opening reactions during the course of the isomerization reaction.Type: GrantFiled: July 22, 1996Date of Patent: February 17, 1998Inventors: Clarence D. Chang, Jose G. Santiesteban, David L. Stern
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Patent number: 5712219Abstract: Finely divided composite materials are provided comprising a first metal oxide (e.g., MgO) at least partially coated with an extremely thin layer of a second metal oxide such as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The composites have a high surface area and are very effective for the destructive adsorption of undesirable fluids in gaseous or liquid form, such as chlorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons. In use, a fluid stream including undesirable fluids are contacted with the composites of the invention, such as through the use of a filter containing the composite as a part of the filter media thereof.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 1995Date of Patent: January 27, 1998Assignee: Kansas State University Research FoundationInventors: Kenneth J. Klabunde, Abbas Khaleel
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Patent number: 5677260Abstract: A novel catalyst composite for use in the dehydrogenation of paraffins to the corresponding monoolefins said composite incorporating within its spatial geometry on a percentage by weight basis a predetermined concentration gradient of a noble metal, a metal of Group IV A, a metal of Group III A, an alkali or alkaline earth metal element, a halogen; and a metal of Group VIII selected from. Fe, Co and Ni provided on a high surface area mesoporous support and a process for the preparation thereof.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 1995Date of Patent: October 14, 1997Assignee: Indian Petrochemicals Corporation LimitedInventors: Rajeshwer Dongara, Arun Gurudath Basrur, Dattatraya Tammannashastri Gokak, Karumanchi Venkateshwara Rao, Konda Ramaswamy Krishnamurthy, Ishwar Singh Bhardwaj
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Patent number: 5656566Abstract: Catalyst precursor pellets, suitable for use, after reduction, as high temperature shift catalysts, comprising oxides of iron and chromium and including particles having an aspect ratio of at least 2 and an average (by weight) maximum dimension of at least 500 nm. The particles are preferably acicular and particularly are acicular iron oxide, alumina, or zinc oxide particles.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 1995Date of Patent: August 12, 1997Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventor: Andrew Mark Ward
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Patent number: 5650371Abstract: A continuous impregnation process for the preparation of a heterogeneous catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: December 26, 1995Date of Patent: July 22, 1997Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Claude C. Culross
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Patent number: 5618772Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst having high catalytic activity even at high temperatures of 1200.degree. C. or higher. Fine alumina particles, of which 50% by weight or more have a particle size of 100 nm or less, are mixed with a catalytic component and a substance of inhibiting the sintering of fine alumina particles to form a slurry mixture. This slurry is dried and then calcined to obtain a porous catalyst. The fine alumina particles in the porous catalyst have a large specific surface area even at high temperatures and therefore the porous catalyst maintains its high catalytic activity even at high temperatures of 1200.degree. C. or higher.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 1995Date of Patent: April 8, 1997Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo KenkyushoInventors: Akihiko Suda, Yoshio Ukyo, Hideo Sobukawa, Toshio Kandori, Masayuki Fukui
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Patent number: 5593934Abstract: Disclosed is a platinum alloy catalyst comprising a carbon support and, platinum, manganese and iron supported thereon. The activities of this platinum alloy catalyst are higher than those of a binary alloy catalyst consisting of platinum and manganese and even of a platinum-nickel-cobalt alloy catalyst which is one of the most active conventional platinum alloy catalysts, and its life is greatly extended. Moreover, it is quite useful when utilized as an electrocatalyst of a fuel cell.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1994Date of Patent: January 14, 1997Assignees: Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K., Stonehart Associates Inc.Inventor: Paul Stonehart
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Patent number: 5536694Abstract: Shaped, activated Raney metal fixed-bed catalysts are obtained by molding a powder of at least one catalyst alloy, comprising at least one Raney process metal as catalytically active component and a leachable alloy component, and a powder of pure Raney process metal as binder with the addition of a shaping aid and pore-producer and subsequent calcination at temperatures below 850.degree. C. During calcination the shaping aid and pore-producer are burned away. Catalyst alloy powder and binder powder thereby sinter together to give a mechanically stable and porous molded item. This molded item thus consists of particles of catalyst alloys which are bonded by the powder of pure Raney process metal. It has no catalytically inactive, ceramic or glassy binder. The surface layer of the molded item is activated by leaching the leachable alloy component contained in the catalyst alloys with caustic soda solution.Type: GrantFiled: October 13, 1994Date of Patent: July 16, 1996Assignee: Degussa AktiengesellschaftInventors: Peter Schuetz, Roland Burmeister, Bertrand Despeyroux, Hans Moesinger, Helmfried Krause, Klaus Deller
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Patent number: 5523272Abstract: A catalyst for production of alkyl tert alkyl ether from sulfur contaminated feedstock includes an ion exchange resin; a palladium first metal phase supported on the resin; and a sulfur inhibiting second metal phase supported on the resin for inhibiting sulfur deactivation of the first metal phase, wherein the first metal phase is present at an atomic ratio to the second metal phase of between about 1:20 to about 1:0.1. A process for producing alkyl tert alkyl ethers includes the steps of providing a liquid olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock containing sulfur and having a total sulfur content of up to about 300 ppm; providing a catalyst as described above; mixing the feedstock with alcohol and hydrogen to obtain a reaction feedstock; and contacting the reaction feedstock with the catalyst under etherification conditions so as to produce alkyl tert alkyl ether.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1994Date of Patent: June 4, 1996Assignee: Intevep, S.A.Inventors: Magdalena Ramirez de Agudelo, Trino J. Romero, Emilia Mujica
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Patent number: 5494879Abstract: The inventive catalysts allow for the reduction of sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur in smokestack scrubber environments. The catalysts have a very high sulfur yield of over 90% and space velocity of 10,000 h.sup.-1. They also have the capacity to convert waste gases generated during the initial conversion into elemental sulfur. The catalysts have inexpensive components, and are inexpensive to produce. The net impact of the invention is to make this technology practically available to industrial applications.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1993Date of Patent: February 27, 1996Assignee: Regents, University of CaliforniaInventors: Yun Jin, Qiquan Yu, Shih-Ger Chang
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Patent number: 5413974Abstract: A substantially amorphous, aluminum-containing oxide having the composition Al.sub.1-x-y1-y2 Bi.sub.x M.sub.1y1 O.sub.z (wherein x is defined by 0.0001.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.10, M.sub.1 is at least one selected from Si, P, B, Sb, Se, Te, Sn, Zn, In, Cr, Nb, Sc, Y, Sr, Ba, Ca, Na, Li, Mg, Mn, W, Ti, Zr, Hf, Be and rare earth metals, M.sub.2 is at least one selected from Fe, Ni, Co, Rh, Ru, Re, Cu and Pb, y1 is defined by 0.ltoreq.y1.ltoreq.0.1, y2 is defined by 0.ltoreq.y2.ltoreq.0.01, z is defined by 1.2.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.5, and x, y1, y2 and z are each an atomic ratio); an aluminum-containing metal composition containing the above oxide and Al and/or Bi in a metallic state; a process for producing the above oxide or the above metal composition; and a molded article formed from the above oxide or the above metal composition. The above oxide or the above metal composition is useful as an electronic part, a catalyst, and the like.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1991Date of Patent: May 9, 1995Assignee: Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Akinori Yokoyama, Hitoshi Nakajima
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Patent number: 5407887Abstract: A porous carrier for a catalyst comprising metal coated with metal oxide grains having a mean grain size of 150 nm or less and a mean pore diameter of 5.5 nm or less, is obtained by subjecting:(a) stainless steel;(b) (i) a metal alkoxide or (ii) a metal alkoxide and a metal acetate salt, both being soluble in alcohols;(c) a diol, cellosolve, or polyether which has coordinating capacity with the (i) metal alkoxide or (ii) metal alkoxide and metal acetate salt and which is soluble in alcohols; and(d) an alcohol solvent to hydrolysis and polycondensation, whereby the stainless steel is coated with an oxygen-containing organic metal compound and, subsequently, heat-treated to form a metal oxide. A method of preparing the catalyst is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 1993Date of Patent: April 18, 1995Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter HaftungInventors: Tsuyoshi Miyashita, Tamio Noguchi
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Patent number: 5395406Abstract: A structurally modified alumina useful as a catalyst support, or heat transfer solid for fluidized bed synthesis gas processing. A Group IIA metal, or metals, particularly magnesium and barium, is composited with a particulate alumina to provide a catalyst support, or alumina heat transfer solid, having increased resistance to sintering and agglomeration; properties which promote defluidization of the bed in conducting fluidized bed reactions at high temperatures. The particles of preference are represented by formulas (1) and (2), a composite particle being represented by formula (1), as follows:M.sub.x Al.sub.2 O.sub.3+x (1)with the core of the particle being represented by formula (2), as follows:M.sub.y Al.sub.2 O.sub.3+y (2)where in formulas (1) and (2) M is a Group IIA metal, x is a number ranging from about 0.01 to about 0.4 and is representative of the number of moles of the metal M per mole of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 y is a number equal to or greater than zero, and x is greater than y.Type: GrantFiled: May 11, 1993Date of Patent: March 7, 1995Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: LeRoy R. Clavenna, Stephen M. Davis, Rocco A. Fiato, Geoffrey R. Say
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Patent number: 5380692Abstract: A catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide using at least one reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing organic compound is described, which includes an oxide represented by formula (V):A.sup.5.sub.x B.sup.3.sub.3-x C.sup.4.sub.3 O.sub.7 (V)wherein A.sup.5 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd; B.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, and Ag; C.sup.4 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Pt; and x is a number of from 0 to 1, supported on a solid acid carrier.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1992Date of Patent: January 10, 1995Assignees: Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Petroleum Energy Center, Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.Inventors: Tadao Nakatsuji, Hiromitsu Shimizu, Ritsu Yasukawa, Fujio Suganuma, Akihiro Kitazume, Hiroshi Tsuchida, Takehiko Ito, Hideaki Hamada, Katsumi Miyamoto, Masaaki Kawatsuki, Yoshiaki Kintaichi, Motoi Sasaki, Mitsunori Tabata
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Patent number: 5314857Abstract: A microporous structure with layered interstitial surface treatments, and method and apparatus for preparation thereof. The structure is prepared by sequentially subjecting a uniformly surface-treated structure (10a) to atomic oxygen treatment to remove an outer layer (16) of surface treatment to a generally uniform depth, and then surface treating the so exposed layer with another surface treating agent. The atomic oxygen/surface treatment steps may optionally be repeated, each successive time to a lesser depth, to produce a microporous structure having multilayered surface treatments. The apparatus (200) employs at least one side arm (228) from a main atomic oxygen-containing chamber (202). The side arm (228) has characteristic relaxation times such that a uniform atomic oxygen dose rate is delivered to a specimen (239) positioned transversely in the side arm (228) spaced from the main gas chamber (202).Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1992Date of Patent: May 24, 1994Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationInventor: Steven L. Koontz
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Patent number: 5234882Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a catalyst surface on a base metal support of a ferrous metal comprises forming a barrier layer of a metal oxide, between the base support metal and the catalyst. The metal oxide barrier layer is formed by oxidation under particular temperature conditions of a metal layer which is bonded to the underlying support metal.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1991Date of Patent: August 10, 1993Inventor: William C. Pfefferle
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Patent number: 5206202Abstract: The present invention features a process, and a product formed by the process, wherein a catalyst device is fabricated in situ. Metal powders, metal alloy powders and mixtures thereof are introduced to a substrate, by means of a washcoat suspension. After the suspension is applied, the metals are transformed into active catalyst and catalyst support materials. The process comprises the steps of: (a) introducing to a substrate, metal powders, metal alloy powders and mixtures thereof, having particles in average diameter sizes of approximately between 5 and 50 microns; and (b) transforming in situ the particles of the metals and metal alloys and mixtures thereof, whereby the metals, metal alloys and mixtures thereof are converted into active catalyst and catalyst support materials having sub-micron average diameter sizes.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1991Date of Patent: April 27, 1993Assignee: Corning IncorporatedInventors: Irwin M. Lachman, Mallanagouda D. Patil, Jimmie L. Williams, Raja R. Wusirika
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Patent number: 5192734Abstract: Hydroprocessing catalysts which comprise alumina and Group VIB and VIII metal components having a desired pore size/volume distribution and high surface area, i.e. above 330 m.sup.2 /g.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1991Date of Patent: March 9, 1993Assignee: W. R. Grace & Co.- Conn.Inventors: John E. Creighton, Leo Rheaume
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Patent number: 5185311Abstract: For the preparation of a catalytic composite for purifying exhaust gases, first, at least one perov-skite-type compound oxide of the formula RMO.sub.3, where R is La or a combination of La and Ce, and M is Co, Mn or a combination thereof, is supported together with cerium dioxide and alumina sol on a heat resistant carrier made of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of cordierite and mullite, and then iron and palladium are further supported together thereon. As a result, a catalytic composite having a high degree of oxidation activity at low temperatures and also having excellent heat resistance can be obtained.Type: GrantFiled: May 15, 1991Date of Patent: February 9, 1993Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Kenji Tabata, Ikuo Matsumoto, Hiroshi Fukuda
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Patent number: 5164351Abstract: Carrier-supported catalyst on the basis of transition metals for the removal of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and/or organic compounds from exhaust gases, which can be produced by one of: combination a), combination b), combination c) where (a) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one metal complex compound with a plane or nearly plane conformation, and activation of the charged carrier with (i) a gas mixture which contains nitrogen oxide and/or oxygen, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C., or with (ii) a solution which contains nitric acid and/or an oxidation agent, or (b) comprises charging of a carrier with at least one transition metal oxide or transition metal carbonate, and treatment of the charged carrier with an oxidizing gas mixture, which contains free ligands capable of complex formation, at temperatures between room temperature and 500.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1990Date of Patent: November 17, 1992Assignee: Friedrich SteinbachInventors: Friedrich Steinbach, Reinhild Ellmers-Kutzinski, Andreas Brunner, Holger Muller
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Patent number: 5145826Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 150 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 1991Date of Patent: September 8, 1992Assignee: Amoco CorporationInventors: Eugene H. Hirschberg, George A. Huff, Jr.
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Patent number: 5114902Abstract: Oxide supported metal catalysts have an additional metal present in intimate association with the metal catalyst to enhance catalytic activity. In a preferred mode, iridium or another Group VIII metal catalyst is supported on a titania, alumina, tungsten oxide, silica, or composite oxide support. Aluminum ions are readsorbed onto the support and catalyst, and reduced during calcination. The aluminum can be added as aluminum nitrate to the iridium impregnate solution, e.g. chloroiridic acid.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1990Date of Patent: May 19, 1992Assignee: Syracuse UniversityInventors: James A. Schwarz, Somasundaram Subramanian
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Patent number: 5110779Abstract: The hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers is effected employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a porous support wherein the porous support is characterized by a pore size distribution such that at least 95% of the pore volume is defined by pores having diameters greater than 450 angstroms and the ratio of metal surface area to carrier surface area is in the range from about 0.07-0.75:1.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 1991Date of Patent: May 5, 1992Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventor: Dennis A. Hucul
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Patent number: 5106802Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of the exhaust gas from a diesel engine, which catalyst comprises a honeycomb carrier possessing through holes disposed parallelly to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas and a catalyst component possessing a specific surface area of not more than 200 m.sup.2 /g and deposited on said carrier in a ratio of from 0.01 to 100 g per liter of said carrier and which catalyst possesses a specific surface area of from 0.1 to 5,000 m.sup.2 /liter of said catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: February 25, 1991Date of Patent: April 21, 1992Assignee: Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventors: Makoto Horiuchi, Koichi Saito
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Patent number: 5094222Abstract: This invention provides a catalytic composite for decomposing fats and oils, and a heating cooker having the catalytic composite mounted therein. The catalytic composite comprises a porous sheet made of ceramic fibers and/or metal fibers, and a catalyst. The catalytic composite is capable of decomposing oil grease or stains deposited on the inner wall of a heating cooker and cooking exhausts emitted in the process of cooking by oxidation, at relatively low temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 1990Date of Patent: March 10, 1992Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akio Fukuda, Masao Maki, Yasunori Kaneko, Makiko Waki
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Patent number: 5075277Abstract: In the steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbon according to the present invention, catalyst metal is supported on or in the surface layer of a zirconia carrier containing yttria and having a crystal structure primarily consisting of tetragonal system or tetragonal and cubic systems. Compared with conventional steam reforming catalyst, it has higher reaction efficiency and suppresses carbon deposition extensively even when steam/carbon ratio is low and exhibits higher hydrogen generation efficiency and higher catalyst strength. Particularly, it is suitable as a catalyst for internal reforming type fuel cell.In the steam reforming catalyst of hydrocarbon of this invention, metal catalyst can be effectively utilized by supporting metal catalyst only on surface layer of zirconia carrier.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1990Date of Patent: December 24, 1991Assignees: Tonen Corporation, Petroleum Energy CenterInventors: Akira Saiai, Yasuharu Yokoyama, Satoshi Sakurada, Takao Hashimoto, Tomoko Segawa, Fumiya Ishizaki
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Patent number: 4992406Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel binder-containing titania supports, and catalyst compositions of improved porosity prepared from such supports, useful for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The supports are prepared by incorporating a small amount of an inorganic metal oxide binder, constituted of alumina, zirconia or silica, with titania. The catalysts are prepared by dispersing a catalytically effective amount of a metal, or metals, preferably cobalt, or cobalt plus an additional metal, or metals, catalytically active in a Fischer-Tropsch reaction on the titania binder support.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1988Date of Patent: February 12, 1991Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Charles H. Mauldin, Kenneth L. Riley
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Patent number: 4980332Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1989Date of Patent: December 25, 1990Assignee: Occidental Research CorporationInventors: Charles M. Schramm, Robert H. Lane, Martin B. Dines, deceased
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Patent number: 4968660Abstract: A catalyst for conducting non-selective oxidation reactions comprising a carrier material consisting mainly of alumina, if required in combination with one or more other metal oxides, the surface of said carrier material having applied thereto a catalytically active component consisting in a fine distribution of one or more oxides of one or more metals from the first series of transition elements of the Periodic Table, said carrier surface having applied thereto a stabilizing element on the basis of a metal or compound of a metal from subgroup 3 or 4 of the Periodic Table, said element being applied so uniformly that after treatment at 1050.degree. C. for 6 hours the catalyst shows no diffraction maxima in the X-ray diffraction pattern having a half-value width less than 1.0 degrees of arc (measured through the double angle of diffraction).Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 1989Date of Patent: November 6, 1990Assignees: VEG-Gasinstituut N.V., Gaz de FranceInventors: Ivo I. M. Tijburg, John W. Geus
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Patent number: 4937221Abstract: A mixed-solid solution tri-metallic oxide/sulfide catalyst having the formula:M.sub.I O.sub.a S.sub.b.M.sub.II O.sub.c M.sub.III O.sub.dwherein M.sub.I is iron, nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof and mixtures with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and mixtures thereof; O is oxygen; S is sulfur; a is selected from zero and a number up to a positive real number representing the stoichiometric requirement, and b is selected from zero and a number up to a positive real number representing the stoichiometric requirement, provided one of a and b is a positive real number; M.sub.II is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and mixtures thereof; c is a positive real number up to the stoichiometric requirement; M.sub.III is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, actinium, and mixtures thereof; and d is a positive real number up to the stoichiometric requirement; and wherein M.sub.I O.sub.a S.sub.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1989Date of Patent: June 26, 1990Assignee: Institute of Gas TechnologyInventors: Erek J. Erekson, Anthony L. Lee
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Patent number: 4900712Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of adsorbing uniformly onto preformed high surface area crystalline alumina one or more catalytically active non-noble (doping) oxide(s) and preferably alumina-stablilizing non-noble doping oxide(s), both from substantially neutral aqueous colloidal solutions thereof, drying and calcining the doped alumina to form an improved washcoating composition for receiving additionally catalytic noble metal particles.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1988Date of Patent: February 13, 1990Assignee: Prototech CompanyInventors: Amiram Bar-Ilan, Martin E. Morrill, III
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Patent number: 4853358Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for converting phosphorus containing polymers from a two dimensional, layered structure into a three dimensional structure by crosslinking such layers. The method and the resulting crosslinked polymers may be used to encapsulate active materials such as catalysts, pesticides, etc. by intercalating such active materials between the layers prior to crosslinking. Thus, the egress of said active materials into the environment during use may be hindered or prevented. The crosslinked polymers, themselves, may also be used as catalysts or as selective sorbents.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1986Date of Patent: August 1, 1989Assignee: Occidental Research CorporationInventors: Charles M. Schramm, Robert H. Lane, Martin B. Dines, deceased
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Patent number: 4818740Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for the selective oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds, in particular hydrogen sulfide, to form elemental sulfur, comprising a carrier of which the surface exposed to the gaseous phase does not exhibit alkaline properties under the reaction conditions, and a catalytically active material applied thereto or formed thereon. According to the invention the catalyst is characterized in that the specific surface area of the catalyst is less than 20 m.sup.2 /g catalyst, with less than 10% of the total pore volume having a pore radius between 5 and 500 .ANG.. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the catalyst, and to processes using it.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1987Date of Patent: April 4, 1989Assignees: VEG-Gasinstituut N.V., Comprimo B.V.Inventors: Pieter H. Berben, John W. Geus
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Patent number: 4797383Abstract: A metal oxide catalyst composition is in the form of particles having at least one face formed by solidification of melt in contact with a surface and preferably having at least one channelled surface whereby the pressure drop through a bed of such particles is limited. The particles are made preferably by casting a melt thinly and fracturing the resulting layer. Such a composition comprising iron oxide is a precursor of an ammonia synthesis catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1985Date of Patent: January 10, 1989Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventor: Susan A. Topham
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Patent number: 4797381Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an active and abrasion resistant catalyst composition comprising at least 5 weight percent alumina support and at most 95 percent of a complex oxide composition having the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a H.sub.b C.sub.c O.sub.x,whereA is one or more of W, Sn, Mo, B, P and Ge;H is one or more of Cu, Ag, Nb, Ta, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Zn, Se, Te, Ga, In and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earths; andwhere m is from 0.01 and up to 20; a is 0-10; b is 0-20; c is 0-20 (usually 0-1); the ratio (a+b+c):(1+m) is 0.01-6; wherein x is determined by the oxidation state of the other elements, which method comprises mixing a hydrosol or gel of boehmite with a slurry or solution containing the other batch materials containing the elements of said formula, and thereafter drying and calcining the resultant solid.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1987Date of Patent: January 10, 1989Assignee: The Standard Oil CompanyInventors: Joseph P. Bartek, Andrew T. Guttmann, James F. Brazdil
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Patent number: 4789538Abstract: A process for producing ammonia comprising selecting a catalyst precursor characterized by the formula:A.sub.y M.sub.a [M'(CN).sub.c ].sub.b .multidot.n H.sub.2 OwhereinA is an alkali or alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof;M is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Sc, Lu and Y or mixtures;M' is a group VIII metal, preferably Fe, Co, Ni or Ru or mixtures;a=0.1 to 4;b=0.1 to 4;c=4 to 6; andprovided that the catalyst is free or substantially free of Al or the combination of Al and U, activating the precursor by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere and pass N.sub.2 and H.sub.2 over the activated catalyst to produce ammonia.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1987Date of Patent: December 6, 1988Assignee: Standard OilInventors: Larry M. Cirjak, Richard P. Schmidt, Jr.
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Patent number: 4783434Abstract: Active catalysts are prepared by (1) impregnating a carrier with a solution of a complex of an active composition or precursor thereof wherein the viscosity of the solution is not decreased upon heating or evaporation of the solvent, (2) removing the solvent and (3) decomposing the complex.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1986Date of Patent: November 8, 1988Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Johannes M. Wigman, John W. Geus, Jacobus E. Bongaarts, Garmt R. Meima
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Patent number: 4748145Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.Type: GrantFiled: February 9, 1987Date of Patent: May 31, 1988Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Clayton D. Wood, Philip E. Garrou, Edward F. Gleason, III, Iwao Kohatsu
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Patent number: 4686203Abstract: A metal oxide catalyst of high surface area is prepared by dissolving a metal salt in a polar organic solvent, precipitating the metal from solution in a form thermally decomposable to the oxide by means of a precipitating agent which is sparingly soluble in the solution, separating the precipitate, drying and calcining to form the metal oxide. The technique is particularly suitable for the preparation of Group VIIIA metal oxide catalysts which are useful for the conversion of carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1985Date of Patent: August 11, 1987Assignee: The Standard Oil CompanyInventors: Michael J. Desmond, Marc A. Pepera
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Patent number: 4668657Abstract: An iron oxide containing precursor to a catalyst, for e.g. ammonia synthesis having a surface area above 10 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 also containing alumina and cobalt oxide. The latter serves to increase the catalytic activity and/or reduce the rate of decline of catalytic activity. For use as an ammonia synthesis catalyst precursor, an alkali metal, e.g. potassium, is preferably incorporated into the composition to promote catalytic activity. The composition may be made by precipitation followed by calcination.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1985Date of Patent: May 26, 1987Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventor: James R. Jennings
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Patent number: 4668658Abstract: A pelleted iron oxide catalyst precursor wherein the iron oxide has an O/Fe atomic ratio in the range 1.2 to 1.4, a high surface area and a density of at least 2.6 g.cm.sup.-3. The precursor may be made by de-oxidizing, by heating in the presence of a steam/hydrogen mixture, an iron oxide composition made by precipitation and calcination, followed by pelleting after-de-oxidation.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1985Date of Patent: May 26, 1987Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLCInventor: James R. Jennings
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Patent number: 4661468Abstract: A catalyst for cleaning exhaust fumes is disclosed, comprised of a catalyst ingredient of a base metal hyperfine powder of iron, nickel, or the like produced by the vaporization in gas, or their mixture, and a ceramic catalyst carrier of .gamma. (gamma) - alumina, titanium oxide, or the like, the catalyst ingredient being set on a ceramic catalyst carrier. This catalyst has high activity and the ability to remain stable over a long period of time. Furthermore, this catalyst has a new effect provided by hyperfining of particles, and a new physical or chemical characteristic indicated as a result of mixing them.Type: GrantFiled: September 11, 1985Date of Patent: April 28, 1987Assignee: CPUS CorporationInventors: Byong G. Lee, Ju M. Song, Chi S. Kim
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Patent number: 4642302Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1985Date of Patent: February 10, 1987Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Clayton D. Wood, Philip E. Garrou, Iwao Kohatsu, Edward F. Gleason