Abstract: A catalyst for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide using at least one reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon and an oxygen-containing organic compound is described, which includes an oxide represented by formula (V):A.sup.5.sub.x B.sup.3.sub.3-x C.sup.4.sub.3 O.sub.7 (V)wherein A.sup.5 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd; B.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Pb, Zn, and Ag; C.sup.4 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Mo, W, Ti, Zr, Nb, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Pt; and x is a number of from 0 to 1, supported on a solid acid carrier.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating bound oxygen-containing organic feeds into their corresponding alcohols by contact with a coprecipitated copper-aluminum catalyst that has been activated by contact with reducing gas at a temperature that gradually increases.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas disposable catalyst which is a .gamma.-alumina catalyst prepared by sol-gel process, .gamma.-alumina has more than 300 m.sup.2 /g specific surface area and the catalyst element is supported on the .gamma.-alumina and dispersed in pores thereof. The exhaust gas disposable catalyst is obtained by adding the catalyst element as a solution of salt before gelating in sol-gel process.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor is disclosed, including the steps of:(i) coating the outer surface of at least one of a first titanium oxide and a first titanium hydroxide having an outer surface area of at least 15 m.sup.2 /g with at least one of a second titanium oxide and a second titanium hydroxide formed by hydrolyzing at least one of a titanium alkoxide represented by Formula (I) and a titanium alkoxo acid represented by Formula (II) to prepare a catalyst carrier (A);Ti(OR).sub.4 (I)wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group,H.sub.2 [Ti(OR).sub.6 ] (II)wherein R has the same meaning as above;(ii) applying a metal oxide composition (B) onto the catalyst carrier (A) obtained in step (i), or mixing the metal oxide composition (B) with the catalyst carrier (A) to obtain a hydrogenation reaction catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A catalyst system for attaining high conversions of NO, HC, and CO in a fuel-lean emission flow (i.e., containing SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, H.sub.2, and considerable excess oxygen), the system comprising: (a) a first stage reducing catalyst for treating the nitric oxide emissions, the catalyst containing highly acidic gamma alumina (i.e., with a pH.sub.pzc of less than 3); (b) means for injecting gaseous or liquid reductants into the emission stream prior to entering said first stage catalyst, said first stage catalyst temperature being selected to be in the range of 550.degree.-650.degree. C.; and (c) an oxidation catalyst effective for treating the effluent from the first stage catalyst.Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating the exhaust gas from a fuel-lean emission flow from a fossil-fueled internal combustion engine having a redox ratio of 0.02-0.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a catalyst in powdered form which comprises a major amount of the oxides of copper and zinc, and a minor amount of aluminum oxide wherein the pore volume of pores of said catalysts having a diameter between about 120 and about 1000 .ANG. is at least about 40% of the total pore volume. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing hydrogenation catalysts comprising the oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum which comprises the steps of(A) preparing a first aqueous solution containing at least one water-soluble copper salt and at least one water-soluble zinc salt;(B) preparing a second solution containing at least one water-soluble basic aluminum salt and at least one alkaline precipitating agent;(C) mixing the first and second solutions whereby an insoluble solid is formed;(D) recovering the insoluble solid.

Abstract: Copper-containing catalysts for low temperature shift conversion at from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and under from 10 to 40 bar, which additionally contain aluminum and zinc, if necessary in the form of the compounds or oxides and are prepared by coprecipitation, the copper-containing catalysts containing potassium and having a BET surface area adapted to the potassium content, and the potassium content being brought to 0.1-3.0% by weight at a BET surface of from 30 to 160 m.sup.2 /g, are used for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from carbon monoxide and water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to active compositions, such as adsorbents and catalysts, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on pretreated supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by activation of the cupric compound or reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. Methods of synthesis and processes utilizing the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of the exhaust gas from a diesel engine, which catalyst comprises a honeycomb carrier possessing through holes disposed parallelly to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas and a catalyst component possessing a specific surface area of not more than 200 m.sup.2 /g and deposited on said carrier in a ratio of from 0.01 to 100 g per liter of said carrier and which catalyst possesses a specific surface area of from 0.1 to 5,000 m.sup.2 /liter of said catalyst.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst precursor for methanol synthesis using copper sulfate recovered from low-cost copper etching waste solution as the source of copper, which comprises using recovered copper sulfate containing the mother liquor in the amount of 10% by weight or less, and adding a zinc or aluminum compound, and, optionally, further adding a boron compound to the recovered copper sulfate. The catalyst prepared by such method has all of the characteristics of a catalyst prepared with an expensive starting material, such as conventional metal nitrates. By using such method, the catalyst cost can be reduced to a great extent, thus rendering the method of great commercial value.

Abstract: A new high temperature superconducting system with transition temperature above 120 K is disclosed. One superconductor in that system in a preferred embodiment comprises TlRBaCuO wherein R is chosen from Group 2A elements excluding Ba. In a preferred embodiment, the superconductor is TlCaBaCuO. In another preferred embodiment, the superconductor comprises TlSrCuO. Processes for making high temperature superconducting system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating bound oxygen-containing organic feeds into their corresponding alcohols by contact with a coprecipitated copper-aluminum catalyst that has been activated by contact with reducing gas at a temperature that gradually increases.

Abstract: A high temperature superconductor system is provided having the following formula: M-A-B-C-D-E, wherein, M is a metallic element, A is an element in Group 3A, B is an element in Group 2A, C is another element in Group 2A, D is an element in Group 1B, and E is an element in Group 6A. In an embodiment, the high temperature superconductor has the following formula: R-Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (wherein R is chosen from the group consisting of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Y). Processes for making these high temperature superconductors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating feeds into their corresponding alcohols by contact with a coprecipitated catalyst comprising copper, aluminum, and a metal (X) selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tin, nickel, cobalt and mixtures thereof; that has been reduced with an increasing temperature during the reduction.

Abstract: A process of making high temperature Tl-based superconductors is disclosed. The process includes the steps of reacting solid Ba-Ca-Cu-oxides with Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3 vapor. The process allows high quality Tl-based superconductors to be easily fabricated.

Abstract: Agglomerates containing oxide, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminium or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Abstract: A high temperature superconducting system has the general composition Tl-R-X-Y, wherein: R is a Group 2A element; X is a Group 1B element; and Y is a Group 6A element. Preferably, the composition has the following formula Tl-Ba-Cu-O. The high temperature superconductor of the present invention has a transition temperature of about 90 K with the probability of one phase superconducting at a temperature perhaps as high as 270 K. Processes for making the high temperature superconductor are also provided.

Abstract: Stable, bulk electrical superconductors are prepared by heating mixed metal oxides in the presence of oxygen in a closed vessel in a preheated oven for 1-5 hours at 850.degree.-900.degree. C. The final oxides are in the molar ratio Ti.sub.0.6-1.1 Ca.sub.2-3 Ba.sub.0.75-1.25 Cu.sub.2-3 O.sub.(5+.delta.)-(9+.delta.), where .delta. is less than one.

Abstract: A simple and effective method for producing bulk single and mixed oxide absorbents and catalysts is disclosed. The method yields bulk single oxide and mixed oxide absorbent and catalyst materials which combine a high macroporosity with relatively high surface area and good mechanical strength. The materials are prepared in a pellet form using as starting compounds, calcined powders of the desired composition and physical properties these powders are crushed to broad particle size distribution, and, optionally may be combined with an inorganic clay binder. The necessary amount of water is added to form a paste which is extruded, dried and heat treated to yield and desired extrudate strength. The physical properties of the extruded materials (density, macroporosity and surface area) are substantially the same as the constituent powder is the temperature of the heat treatment of the extrudates is approximately the same as the calcination temperature of the powder.

Abstract: A catalyst for conducting non-selective oxidation reactions comprising a carrier material consisting mainly of alumina, if required in combination with one or more other metal oxides, the surface of said carrier material having applied thereto a catalytically active component consisting in a fine distribution of one or more oxides of one or more metals from the first series of transition elements of the Periodic Table, said carrier surface having applied thereto a stabilizing element on the basis of a metal or compound of a metal from subgroup 3 or 4 of the Periodic Table, said element being applied so uniformly that after treatment at 1050.degree. C. for 6 hours the catalyst shows no diffraction maxima in the X-ray diffraction pattern having a half-value width less than 1.0 degrees of arc (measured through the double angle of diffraction).

Abstract: A new high temperature superconductor with transition temperature above 120 K is disclosed. The superconductor in a preferred embodiment comprises T1RBaCuO wherein R is chosen from Group 2A elements excluding Ba. In another preferred embodiment, the superconductor comprises T1SrCuO. Processes for making high temperature superconductors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A superconductor essentially comprises a three-component metallic oxide including yttrium, barium, and copper (Y-Ba-Cu three-component metallic oxide) and an oxide of an element having a melting point lower than that of the three-component metallic oxide and having 0.1 to 5.0 wt % in form of the oxide thereof. The element is preferably of bismuth, antimony, boron, lead, and praseodymium.

Abstract: A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm.sup.2 at zero magnetic field and 77.degree. K. is disclosed. The 123 superconductor is of the formula L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. wherein L is preferably yttrium. The process comprises compacting the solid state reaction product of L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. at a temperature of approximately 940.degree. C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090.degree. C. to about 1,200.degree. C. (approximately 1,100.degree. C. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.) until it has been decomposed, and is then rapidly cooled to a temperature between about 10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. above its melting point, i.e. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal (Z=27-29)/alumina catalyst with an atomic ratio of active metal to aluminum between 12 and 1.5, having an active metal content of at least 75% in the activated catalyst, an active metal surface area between 60 and 150 m.sup.2 /g of metal, characterized in that the soyabean selectivity is below 2%, preferably below 1%.The invention also provides a process for the preparation of these catalysts and a method for the hydrogenation of saturated organic compounds using the catalyst.

Abstract: The production of hydrogen by the catalyzed steam reforming of methanol is accomplished using a reformer of greatly reduced size and cost wherein a mixture of water and methanol is superheated to the gaseous state at temperatures of about 800.degree. to about 1,100.degree. F. and then fed to a reformer in direct contact with the catalyst bed contained therein, whereby the heat for the endothermic steam reforming reaction is derived directly from the superheated steam/methanol mixture.

Abstract: In a process for making the superconductive composition YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x, cupric carbonate or cupric oxalate is used as the copper source and barium carbonate as the barium source to achieve higher densification.

Abstract: Compositions containing a crystalline phase of the formula Tl.sub.2 Ba.sub.2 CuO.sub.6+x wherein x is from 0 to 0.5. Processes for manufacturing such compositions and for using them are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for the combination of CO and O.sub.2 to form CO.sub.2 which includes a platinum group metal--e.g., platinum; a reducible metal oxide having multiple valence states--e.g., SnO.sub.2 ; and a compound which can bind water to its structure--e.g., silica gel. This catalyst is ideally suited for application to high-powered, pulsed, CO.sub.2 lasers operating in a sealed or closed-cycle condition.

Abstract: Agglomerates containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminum or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Abstract: Stable, bulk electrical superconductors are prepared by heating mixed metal oxides in the presence of oxygen in a closed vessel in a preheated oven for 1-5 hours at 850.degree.-900.degree. C. The final oxides are in the molar ratio Tol.sub.0.6-1.1 Ca.sub.2-3 Ba.sub.0.75-1.25 Cu.sub.2-3 O.sub.(5+.delta.)-(9+.delta.), where .delta. is less than one.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts, in which an active component or a compound to be converted into an active component is obtained or deposited on a carrier material, using deposition-precipitation. According to the invention, the formula of a carrier material, which may or may not be catalytically active, and/or the precipition of the active component or a compound to be converted into such active component on a carrier material is effected by means of an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A polymer stabilized colloidal transition metal solution wherein the monomer unit of the polymer has the chemical formula R.sub.x MO, where M is a metal, R is an alkyl group, and x is two less than the valence of M.

Abstract: A hypergol spill, e.g., hydrazine, is safely rendered harmless by contacting it with a composition comprising cupric oxide on a porous support. Neutralization is achieved by drawing the hydrazine into the pellet pores where a reduction reaction of cupric oxide takes place. The critical consideration is to avoid flashing or spontaneous thermal decomposition of the hydrazine. Heat of reaction is quenched by the heat capacity of the pellet and water dilution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an active and abrasion resistant catalyst composition comprising at least 5 weight percent alumina support and at most 95 percent of a complex oxide composition having the empirical formula:VSb.sub.m A.sub.a H.sub.b C.sub.c O.sub.x,whereA is one or more of W, Sn, Mo, B, P and Ge;H is one or more of Cu, Ag, Nb, Ta, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Zn, Se, Te, Ga, In and As;C is one or more of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earths; andwhere m is from 0.01 and up to 20; a is 0-10; b is 0-20; c is 0-20 (usually 0-1); the ratio (a+b+c):(1+m) is 0.01-6; wherein x is determined by the oxidation state of the other elements, which method comprises mixing a hydrosol or gel of boehmite with a slurry or solution containing the other batch materials containing the elements of said formula, and thereafter drying and calcining the resultant solid.

Abstract: A process for producing an ester is disclosed comprising contacting a gaseous reactant containing at least one organic hydroxy compound and a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an ester synthesis catalyst of the formulaM.sub.a A.sub.b RuCu.sub.c N.sub.z O.sub.xwhereinM is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Cr, Fe, Mn and mixtures thereof,A is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof,a is from 0 to about 1,b is from 0.002 to about 10,c is from 0.2 to about 20,z is from 0 to about 196 by weight,x is the number of oxygens needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements.The organic hydroxy compound can be provided separately or formed by contacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with an alcohol synthesis catalyst at an elevated temperature and pressure. The alcohol synthesis catalyst and ester synthesis catalyst can be in tandem or mixed.

Abstract: Copper aluminum borate which is reducible under Temperature Programmed Reduction at a temperature no more than 350.degree. C. and/or has a surface area of at least 5 m.sup.2 /g and a pore volume of at least 0.04 cc per gram.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising (a) copper or a copper compound; (b) vanadium or a vanadium compound; (c) zirconium, aluminum, nickel, iron, manganese, lanthanum, chromium, zinc, lead, or cerium, or a compound thereof; and optionally, (d) platinum, rhodium, or palladium, or a compound thereof is carried on a porous ceramic body to assist in purifying exhaust gases from Diesel engines.

Abstract: A method for drying a catalytic absorbent involves the contacting of a drying fluid with the wet absorbent until the absorbent is reduced to a desired level of water content. Prior to startup of a process employing a catalytic absorbent to remove impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon, water is removed from the absorbent by contact with the liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The process for the production of high molecular weight oxygenates by condensing low molecular weight oxygenates in the presence of CO and a catalyst having the general formula A.sub.a CuM.sub.c X.sub.d O.sub.x. In addition, a novel condensation catalyst comprising A.sub.a CuM.sub.c Bi.sub.d O.sub.x is disclosed for use in this process.

Abstract: Mixed metal oxide catalysts suitable for the production of alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen are prepared by:(a) forming a solution of the metals in a polar organic solvent,(b) precipitating the metals from the solution either in the form of their oxides or a form thermally decomposable to the oxides,(c) calcining the precipitate to form the oxides and remove thermally decomposable components therefrom, and(d) where an anion other than oxide remains from step (c) removing same from the precipitate.Suitable polar organic solvents are ketones, esters, ethers and alcohols, particularly C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alcohols. Preferably, the precipitated metals are washed with water to remove anions other than oxide. The method is particularly suitable for the production of catalysts containing metals such as uranium which are difficult to precipitate from aqueous solution.

Abstract: An alcohol such as methanol is decomposed to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature in the presence of mixed metal oxide catalyst containing copper and a metal L selected from the group consisting of Th, Be, Zr, Ce, Mg and U.The catalyst can contain a further metal M selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mo, Mn, Pt, Ce, Cr, Zn, Al, Ti, La, V, U, Ru, Re and Pd.The catalysts are particularly effective at relatively low temperatures for example 200.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst composition containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal uranate suitable for the conversion of mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen has the formulaCu.sub.a U M.sub.b A.sub.c O.sub.xwhere M is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Th, Pd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Ce, V, Ru, Rh, Al, Re, Os, Pt, Ir, Ag, Ti, La and Zr, A is an alkaline or alkali earth metal anda is from 0.01 to 5.0;b is from 0 to 5.0 with the proviso that when M is Th the value of b is less than 1;c is a number up to 5.0 selected so that the catalyst composition contains more than 2 percent by weight of Metal A;x is a number such that the valence requirements of the other elements for oxygen are satisfied.The catalyst composition can be used to prepare an alcohol composition containing at least 30 percent by weight of methanol, the remainder of said composition comprising higher alcohols, the distribution of which on a methanol-free basis isC.sub.2 -10 to 90 weight percentC.sub.3 -15 to 60 weight percentC.sub.

Abstract: Composition comprising a crystalline aluminum borate and from about 0.05 to 50 wt % at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal compound based on the weight of the aluminum borate.

Abstract: Dimethyldichlorosilane is selectively and efficiently prepared by reacting methyl chloride with a solid contact mass comprising silicon and a catalytically effective amount of copper or a copper compound, said copper catalyst comprising (i) from about 10 to 1000 ppm of tin, antimony, or admixture thereof, or of a tin or antimony compound, or admixture thereof, (ii) from about 0.01 to 2% by weight of at least one of the metallic additives barium and strontium, or compound thereof, and, optionally, (iii) from about 0.01 to 3% by weight of zinc or a zinc compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst and application of this catalyst for decomposing methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in order to obtain a hydrogen-rich gas for fuel purposes. The catalyst comprises aluminium oxide and copper oxide and at least 60% of the copper present in the catalyst is bound to aluminium oxide as copper oxide-aluminium oxide spinel. The catalyst contains alkali or alkaline earth oxide which is present in the pores of the spinel in an amount of 0.2-12% by weight calculated as metal, and the catalyst contains 0-10% by weight of manganese. The metal oxide in the pores of the spinel is preferably potassium oxide in amounts of 4-8% by weight calculated as potassium metal.

Abstract: A substantially iron-free copper nitrate solution is made by dissolving a copper-containing solid catalyst composition such as a used copper-zinc oxide-alumina methanol synthesis catalyst in nitric acid and controlling the acid concentration at a level such that any iron oxide present in the composition remains substantially undissolved. The acid concentration during dissolution is preferably under 4 molar. Alternatively or additionally the terminal pH is greater than 1.0. The resulting solution is pure enough for reconversion to catalyst by co-precipitation.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminate compounds are formed by reacting transition metal compounds with crystalline hydrous alumina, such as gibbsite, bayerite, norstrandite, boehmite and the like. The crystalline hydrous alumina may be unsupported by a solid substrate or may be supported on a solid substrate or within the pores of a solid substrate, such as a macroporous resin.

Abstract: An alcohol mixture suitable for combining with gasoline is produced by contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure with an oxide complex catalyst containing copper, thorium, an alkali metal and at least one other specific element.

Abstract: A supported catalyst for the C.sub.2 H.sub.4 oxychlorination within a fluidized bed comprising a Cu compound in amounts corresponding to a content from 1 to 10% by weight--as Cu metal--on a carrier preferably selected from the group consisting of microspheroidal Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, microspheroidal SiO.sub.2 and microspheroidal silica-alumina, characterized in that the molar ratio (outer Me/outer Cu), as determined by means of XPS analysis, is at least 40% higher than the molar ratio: ##EQU1## wherein Me is e.g., Al, Si or Al +Si. The invention concerns a supported catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2-dichloroethane, hereinafter DCE, achieved by ethylene oxychlorination, said catalyst being used in the form of a fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for selectively forming aldehydes which comprises hydrogenating a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid ester in the presence of an yttrium catalyst activated with copper.