Abstract: A tunable nanofiber filter device can include a filter housing defining an interior space, the housing having defined therein and inlet and an outlet, each in fluid communication with the interior space, and a plurality of filter laminas disposed within the interior space, each filter lamina including an upper surface, a lower surface, and an aperture defined therethrough. The plurality of filter laminas can be arranged in a stack wherein the opposing surfaces of adjacent filter laminas define a portion of an interlaminar flow space extending between the opposing surfaces. The flow space can be in fluid communication with the apertures of corresponding adjacent filter laminas to form a continuous flow passage extending through the lamina stack from the inlet to the outlet. An array nanofibers can extend into the flow passage from a portion of each filter lamina such that a fluid flowed through the flow passage flows across a portion of said array.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing a chlorine adsorption material for use in waste incineration and application of the chlorine adsorption material. The chlorine adsorption material adsorptive for chlorine-based substances during the waste incineration is prepared by mixing raw materials which include natural iron ores and quartz stones, and modifying the iron ores and the quartz stones with CaO through an ultrasonic impregnation method. The prepared chlorine adsorption material has a large pore size, a high porosity and a stable structure, and shows higher adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity for the chlorine-based substances during the waste incineration. The use of the low-cost natural iron ores and quartz stones can reduce the cost in processing the chlorine-based substances, make great use of resources and facilitate environment protection.

Abstract: A method of preparing a magnetic particle having a polymer matrix (P) and at least one magnetic core (M), preferably at least two magnetic cores (M), wherein the polymer matrix (P) comprises at least one hypercrosslinked polymer, wherein the method comprises (i) providing at least one magnetic core (M), preferably at least two magnetic cores (M), (ii) providing polymer precursor molecules, (iii) polymerizing the polymer precursor molecules according to (ii) in the presence of the at least one magnetic core (M), thereby forming a particle comprising the at least one magnetic core (M) is disclosed. Further, particles obtained or obtainable by this method as well as to the use of these particles are disclosed. In a further aspect, a method for determining at least one analyte in a fluid sample having the step of contacting of the magnetic particle with a fluid sample having or suspected of having the at least one analyte is disclosed.

Abstract: Promoted ammonium salt-protected activated carbon sorbent particles for removal of mercury from gas streams. A method of separating mercury from a mercury-containing gas stream includes contacting a mercury-containing gas stream with an activated carbon sorbent including promoted ammonium salt-protected activated carbon sorbent particles, to form a mercury-sorbent composition. The method also includes separating at least some of the mercury-sorbent composition from the mercury-containing gas stream, to give a separated gas.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating contaminated soil and/or ground water in situ. The compositions and methods comprise stabilized forms of colloidal remediation agents that are used to remediate contaminants, namely, organic and inorganic contaminants. The compositions and methods of the present invention are operative to transport particulate remediation agent materials through a matrix of soil and groundwater upon application by injection, gravity feed, or percolation into soil and groundwater, which in turn sequester, destroy or stabilize contaminants out of water to thus decontaminate groundwater in place without the cost or disruption associated with digging the contaminated soil and groundwater out of the ground for on-site purification or disposal at a hazardous waste landfill.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the oxidation and immobilization of trivalent arsenic from arsenic-containing solutions. The process includes oxidation of trivalent arsenic (As3+) species to the pentavalent state (As5+). A carbon additive (e.g., activated carbon) and oxygen are used to promote the arsenic oxidation processes. After oxidation of arsenic to the pentavalent state, the arsenic can be removed by precipitation to ferric arsenate or calcium arsenate or other arsenic containing compounds known in the art. The oxidation of arsenic can also occur simultaneously with the production and precipitation of ferric arsenate (e.g., scorodite). Ferrous iron can be oxidized to ferric iron in the presence of activated carbon and oxygen.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a desulphurization agent for removing sulphurous species from a diluent or process stream, and a use of such agent. In some examples, the agent may include a compound of manganese, pore forming particles and a compound of copper. The agent may be introduced into or mixed with the diluent or process stream to effectuate removal of sulphurous species from the diluent or process stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides an olefin oligomerization process comprising the steps of: i) reducing the level of acetonitrile in an olefin feed by contacting the feed with a non-zeolitic metal oxide; and ii) contacting the olefin feed with reduced level of acetonitrile with an olefin oligomerization catalyst under conditions suitable to oligomerize the olefin.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carbon microparticle from an organic raw material having lignin as a main constituent, wherein an aqueous solution with 5% total concentration of lignin and sodium hydroxide (the proportion in mass is 1:0.5) is spray-dried to prepare a complex microparticle. This complex microparticle is heat-processed under nitrogen atmosphere at 600° C. for one hour and cooled. Thereafter, this is washed with water and further dried to prepare a hollow carbon microparticle such as those shown in FIG. 2 (b). The prepared carbon microparticle is light-weight and has an equivalent specific surface area to commercially available activated charcoal.

Abstract: A method for preparing composite sulfur-modified powdered activated carbon includes the following steps: providing a powdered activated carbon; proceeding a drying step on the powdered activated carbon; proceeding a liquid-phase sulfur modification step on the dried powdered activated carbon; proceeding a granulation step, so as to obtain a granular powdered activated carbon from the sulfur-modified powdered activated carbon; and proceeding a vapor-phase elemental sulfur heating step on the granular powdered activated carbon, so as to form the composite sulfur-modified powdered activated carbon.

Abstract: Activated carbon\nickel oxide\zinc oxide (AC\NiO\ZnO) and activated carbon\zinc oxide (AC\ZnO) were prepared and used as adsorbents for removal of thiophene, benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) as sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon materials such as diesel fuel. The materials exhibited an efficient and economical way for removing sulfur compounds due to its low-energy consumption, ambient operation temperature and atmospheric pressure. A simple regeneration method of the spent adsorbents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite of a porous substrate and one-dimensional nanomaterial, which is manufactured by a hydrothermal method. The method for manufacturing the composite of the present invention is simple and low-cost, and the one-dimensional nanomaterial is homogeneously distributed on the porous substrate with tight binding at the interface. The present invention also relates to a surface-modified composite and a method for preparing the same. The composite of the present invention which is hydrophobically modified at the surface can adsorb organic solvents such as toluene, dichlorobenzene, petroleum ether and the like, and greases such as gasoline, lubricating oil, motor oil, crude oil and the like, with a weight adsorption ratio of >10.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for the synthesis of an adsorbing material consisting of a single-phase tetravalent manganese feroxyhite (?-Fe(1-x)MnxOOH), in which a percentage of 0.05 to 25% of iron atoms has been isomorphically substituted by Mn(IV) atoms. Its production takes place in a continuous two-stage flow reactor at weakly acidic conditions (pH 4-7) and high redox (300-800 mV). The material can be used for the removal of both pentavalent and trivalent arsenic as well as other heavy metals form water. More specifically, its adsorption capacity and selectivity depending on the trivalent and pentavalent arsenic water content, are determined by the manganese percentage and the compact or hollow morphology of its structural unit which can be both controlled by the parameters of the synthesis procedure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adsorbent for removing sulfur from cracking gasoline or diesel fuel. The adsorbent has excellent abrasion-resistance and desulfurization activity. The adsorbent comprises from about 5 to about 35 wt % of alumina, from about 3 to about 30 wt % of silica, from about 10 to about 80 wt % of at least one oxide of metal selected from Groups IIB and VB, from about 3 to about 30 wt % of at least one metal accelerant selected from Groups VIIB and VIII, and from about 0.5 to about 10 wt % of at least one oxide of metal selected from Groups IA and IIA, based on the total weight of the adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein provide compositions and hydrogen release methods for a high-capacity complex hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material is mainly composed of metal borohydride and NH3. The invention advantageously adopt ammonia, one cheap and easily supplied material with high hydrogen content (17.6 wt %), as one of the hydrogen source, offering a safe and efficient way to store hydrogen and release hydrogen. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage material can be further catalyzed by a transition metal catalyst to improve the dehydrogenation kinetics. With the addition of catalyst, 0.2-10 equiv. H2 could be evolved at ?100˜600° C., which might be applied on vehicles which are fueled by hybrid or fuel cell.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

Abstract: An oxygen absorbing agent has excellent oxygen absorbing properties and can absorb oxygen in an atmosphere, even under a moisture-free or substantially moisture-free atmosphere. The oxygen absorbing agent includes an alloy obtained by subjecting an alloy (X) including (A) at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, platinum, and copper group metals and (B) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, magnesium, and silicon, to treatment with an alkali aqueous solution to elute and remove at least a part of the component (B) in the alloy (X), wherein the alloy (Y) has an X-ray diffraction profile satisfying a diffraction peak relationship.

Abstract: A method of forming an agent for removing or separating a species from a diluent or process stream, e.g. a desulphurization agent. The method comprises mixing at least one compound of manganese and pore forming articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to adsorbents for removing impurities from water-comprising gas streams, in particular for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents comprise oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of these elements, have a copper oxide content of at least 30% by weight and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml·g?1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of finely divided haematite and of iron oxide red pigments made up of the finely divided haematite and the use of the finely divided haematites and iron oxide red pigments produced by this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radioactive cesium adsorbent, a method for producing the same, and a method for decontaminating the environment from radioactive cesium with the adsorbent. The radioactive cesium adsorbent of the present invention includes a hydrophilic fiber substrate supporting a Prussian blue analogue, in particular, Prussian blue, and the Prussian blue analogue is immobilized in the inside of the fibers.

Abstract: The method and nanocomposite for treating wastewater provides a method of treating aniline-containing wastewater with a magnetic nanocomposite. Nickel nitrate, iron nitrate and citric acid are dissolved in deionized water to form a metal nitrate and citric acid solution, which is then pH balanced. The pH balanced solution is then heated to form a gel, which is then ignited to form powdered NiFe2O4. Nanoparticles of the powdered NiFe2O4 combustion product are then mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes to form a magnetic nanocomposite, such that the magnetic nanocomposite includes approximately 75 wt % of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes and approximately 25 wt % of the NiFe2O4. The magnetic nanocomposite may then be mixed into a volume of aniline-containing wastewater for adsorption of the aniline by the nanocomposite. A magnetic field is then applied to the mixture to magnetically separate the magnetic nanocomposite and the adsorbed aniline from the wastewater.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention relates to the composition of a hydrogen sulfide capture material and the related method of manufacture. The hydrogen sulfide capture material is formed by solubilizing an iron source in acid to form an aqueous solution comprising iron chloride, neutralizing the aqueous solution with a caustic solution to form a neutralized solution, washing the neutralized solution to separate it into water and a slurry, forming a thickened slurry by removing additional water from the slurry, separating the thickened slurry to produce filtered water and a wet filter cake, and drying the wet filter cake to form granules. The hydrogen sulfide capture material of the present invention removes hydrogen sulfide for a longer time and at a faster rate than the materials of the prior art, thereby improving the efficiency and decreasing the cost of sour gas treatment.

Abstract: A treatment medium has a particulate natural substrate saturated, suffused and/or coated with hydrous iron oxide. The particulate substrate can be wood based, such as wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood waste or other plant material (such as straw, lucerne, hay, coconut husk or other bulk particulate plant material). The hydrous iron oxide is provided in aqueous suspension form. The substrate may be tumbled in aqueous hydrous iron suspension to achieve saturation/coating. The resulting hydrous iron oxide bearing medium is either placed loose directly into the target treatment site or contained in bags 18 before placing into the target site.

Abstract: A production process of a sulfide containing nickel and cobalt by adding a sulfurizing agent under pressurization into an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid containing nickel and cobalt, which is capable of recovering nickel and cobalt as a sulfide in high yield, as well as enhancing the utilization efficiency of hydrogen sulfide gas. A production process of a sulfide containing nickel and cobalt by adding a sulfurizing agent under pressurization into an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid containing nickel and cobalt, characterized by supplying, as the above sulfurizing agent, hydrogen sulfide gas into the vapor phase of inside of a reactor, as a major sulfurizing agent, as well as, by supplying an aqueous solution containing a sodium hydrosulfide, which is recovered by absorbing unreacted hydrogen sulfide gas, which is discharged from inside of the reactor in producing the above sulfide, with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, into the liquid phase.

Abstract: An adsorbent composition of a carrier coated with nanoparticles of zerovalent iron (“NZVI”) is disclosed. The NZVI are synthesized in situ using a tannin extract. Methods of making the adsorbent composition comprise providing a liquid stream; dispersing iron salts in the liquid stream to form an iron salt solution; adding a carrier to the iron salt solution to form a prepared stream; adding a tannin extract to the prepared stream to form a reaction stream; and forming the adsorbent composition in the reaction stream. Methods of reducing toxic metal ions in an aqueous stream are also disclosed. The methods comprise providing said aqueous stream; providing an adsorbent composition having a carrier coated with in situ nanoparticles of zerovalent iron (“NZVI”) therein; and contacting the aqueous stream with the adsorbent composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a particulate extraction material for the extraction of lithium from a geothermal brine or lithium containing solution. The particulate material includes an inorganic or polymer based substrate that includes a lithium aluminum intercalate layer applied to the exterior of the substrate, wherein the lithium aluminum intercalate layer is operable to capture lithium ions from solution.

Abstract: A composition containing titanium and iron compounds, in particular decomposition residue that accumulates as a production residue after the sulphate process during the production of titanium dioxide, is used as an adsorbing agent for inorganic and organic compounds, for example compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, the cyano group or heavy metal. Toxic substances and pollutants may be removed from a fluid using the adsorbing agent.

Abstract: The present teachings relate to processes to impregnate activated carbon derived from a vegetal source with permanganate and optionally, iron (III) oxide. The present teachings also include the adsorbent compositions resulting from such processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a double-layered compacted solid water-purification product, comprising at least one first layer and at least one second layer, characterized in that the first layer comprises at least one flocculating system and at least one dispersion system, the second layer comprises at least one disinfectant which liberates free chlorine on contact with water and at least one excipient for the disinfectant, whereby said excipient releases the disinfectant into the water at a controlled rate such that the combination of excipient and disinfectant releases 0.1 to 100 mg/l of free chlorine per hour. The invention further relates to the method for production of such a product.

Abstract: Methods of producing a metal oxide are disclosed. The method comprises dissolving a metal salt in a reaction solvent to form a metal salt/reaction solvent solution. The metal salt is converted to a metal oxide and a caustic solution is added to the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to adjust the pH of the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to less than approximately 7.0. The metal oxide is precipitated and recovered. A method of producing adsorption media including the metal oxide is also disclosed, as is a precursor of an active component including particles of a metal oxide.

Abstract: Filter media that includes activated carbon particulates and zinc oxide particles disposed on surfaces of the activated carbon particulates. The zinc oxide particles have an average crystallite dimension that is not greater than about 50 nm.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides filtering compositions, their method of production, and methods for their use. In specific implementations, the filtering composition includes lanthanum and has a surface area of at least about 125 g/m2. In more specific examples, the filtering composition is free-flowing or has a moisture content between about 10 wt % about 30 wt %. Particular compositions include at least one of iron or magnesium. Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide filtering compositions that are resilient or leach-resistant.

Abstract: A method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of mixing a plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture, applying a magnetic force to the mixture to attract the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material, and removing said plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material from said body of water while maintaining the applied magnetic force, wherein the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for producing carbon, metal and/or metal oxide porous materials that have precisely controlled structures on the nanometer and micrometer scales. The methods involve the single or repeated infiltration of porous templates with metal salts at controlled temperatures, the controlled drying and decomposition of the metal salts under reducing conditions, and optionally the removal of the template. The carbon porous materials are involve the infiltration of a carbon precursor into a porous template, followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. These porous materials have utility in separations, catalysis, among others.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing an oil absorbent composition. The method comprises heating and then de-mineralising a precursor plant material under conditions suitable to produce an oil absorbent composition comprising charcoal. The invention extends to oil absorbent compositions per se, such as charcoal-based compositions, and to various uses of the compositions for efficiently and rapidly absorbing spilled oil, for example from water surfaces, or from bituminous sands.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing an organic-inorganic composite hybrid adsorbent by impregnating activated carbon nanopores with an oxide and a water treatment method using the same, and particularly, to an adsorbent including a porous adsorbent and ferrihydrite, goethite, hematite or magnetite incorporated into the porous adsorbent, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A concentration agent for capture of microorganisms, including diatomaceous earth bearing, on at least a portion of its surface, a surface treatment comprising a surface modifier comprising titanium dioxide, fine-nanoscale gold or platinum, or a combination thereof, and methods for making the concentration agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supported reactant for in situ remediation of soil and/or groundwater contaminated with a halogenated hydrocarbon consisting essentially of an adsorbent impregnated with zero valent iron, wherein the adsorbent is capable of adsorbing the halogenated hydrocarbon. In one embodiment, the adsorbent is activated carbon.

Abstract: An oil adsorbent is configured so as to include: at least one particle of an inorganic particle and a metallic particle, at least one particle constituting a core; and a polymer covering the core, wherein the polymer is a copolymer made of at least one substance selected from the group of molecular structure A consisting of styrene, butadiene, isoprene, ethylene and propylene and at least one substance selected from the group of molecular structure B consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinylpyridine, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride and maleic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to adsorbents for removing impurities from water-comprising gas streams, in particular for use in fuel cell systems, wherein the adsorbents comprise oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, Ba, Zr, Ce, La or combinations of these elements, have a copper oxide content of at least 30% by weight and have pore volumes of less than 0.175 ml·g?1 for pores having a radius of less than 20 nm.

Abstract: In order to remove fluorine from a zinc containing solution before zinc electro-refining in lower cost, fluorine is removed by adsorption from a zinc containing solution (leached solution) utilizing the character of the predetermined iron compound or zinc compound which can adsorb fluorine in an acid solution and desorb fluorine in an alkaline solution. The fluorine adsorbent/desorbent having adsorbed fluorine is treated in an alkaline solution, to desorb the fluorine. This makes it possible to regenerate the fluorine adsorbent/desorbent. Further, an electrolytic solution for zinc electro-refining can be prepared in lower cost, thus total zinc refining costs can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to composite adsorbent materials, and in particular, to highly porous carbon-based composite materials for the adsorption and stabilisation of inorganic substances. The composite adsorbent material comprises a porous carbon carrier matrix and an adsorbent species, wherein the adsorbent species is precipitated within the pores of the carrier matrix. The invention extends to various uses of such adsorbent materials, for example in water purification, recovery of metals from waste streams and remediation applications, and where the adsorbant material is amended into soil, waste etc. for the purpose of breaking pollutant-receptor linkages.

Abstract: A method for modifying the properties of a sorbent comprising washing a sorbent with a washing solution so as to achieve an exchange of ions between the sorbent and the washing solution, and applying a halogen compound to the sorbent that has been washed with the washing solution to achieve a predetermined concentration of the halogen on the sorbent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functional powder capable of effectively adsorbing impurities in water treatment. The powder can be rapidly separated by use of magnetic force, and hence is excellent in workability. This functional powder comprises magnetic particles having surfaces modified with hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups loaded thereon. The hydrophobic groups have a function of adsorbing the impurities, and the hydrophilic groups have a function of dispersing the powder stably in water. The numbers M and N of the hydrophobic groups and the hydrophilic groups, respectively, satisfy the condition of 0.2<M/N<0.8, so that the adsorbability to impurities and the dispersion stability are both ensured.

Abstract: A composition containing titanium and iron compounds, in particular decomposition residue that accumulates as a production residue after the sulphate process during the production of titanium dioxide, is used as an adsorbing agent for inorganic and organic compounds, for example compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, the cyano group or heavy metal. Toxic substances and pollutants may be removed from a fluid using the adsorbing agent.

Abstract: A treatment medium has a particulate natural substrate saturated, suffused and/or coated with hydrous iron oxide. The particulate substrate can be wood based, such as wood chips, bark, sawdust, wood waste or other plant material (such as straw, lucerne, hay, coconut husk or other bulk particulate plant material). The hydrous iron oxide is provided in aqueous suspension form. The substrate may be tumbled in aqueous hydrous iron suspension to achieve saturation/coating. The resulting hydrous iron oxide bearing medium is either placed loose directly into the target treatment site or contained in bags 18 before placing into the target site.

Abstract: A heavy metal absorbent, and a filter device including the same, include heavy metal absorbing particles each having a surface with a —NOx (1?x?2) functional group. The heavy metal absorbing particles are one selected from inorganic oxide particles, graphite-based carbon particles, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An oil adsorbent includes a plurality of particles, each being constituted from at least one of an inorganic particle and an organic particle as a core and a polymer covering the core. The plurality of particles are aggregated to form an aggregate so that a porosity of the aggregate is 70% or more.

Abstract: A catalyst composition represented by the general formula XVO4/S wherein XVO4 stands for TransitionMetal-Vanadate, or a mixed TransitionMetal-/RareEarth-Vanadate, and S is a support comprising TiO2.