Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing composition, device, and method for oxygen scavenging in a low moisture environment are provided. The present invention provides an oxygen absorbing composition which includes an oxygen reducing agent, water, a carrier, an electrolyte salt, and a humectant salt, which may be the same as the electrolyte salt, present in an amount sufficient to reduce the water activity of the composition to below 0.6. Also included are methods of using the composition.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising iron oxide and alumina to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The iron oxide in the catalyst converts to catalytically active iron sulfide in the presence of hydrogen and sulfur.

Abstract: Methods of producing a metal oxide are disclosed. The method comprises dissolving a metal salt in a reaction solvent to form a metal salt/reaction solvent solution. The metal salt is converted to a metal oxide and a caustic solution is added to the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to adjust the pH of the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to less than approximately 7.0. The metal oxide is precipitated and recovered. A method of producing adsorption media including the metal oxide is also disclosed, as is a precursor of an active component including particles of a metal oxide.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a catalyst support, and includes the steps of providing an aqueous suspension of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; forming the suspension into droplets; exposing the droplets to a gelling agent whereby the droplets are at least partially solidified so as to provide substantially sphere-shaped portions of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; and drying and calcining the sphere-shaped portions so as to provide substantially spherical particles of catalyst support containing refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide. Catalytically active metal phases and hydrogenation processes using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: The invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods and equipment for generating an activated sorbent from a sorbent precursor with the addition of certain chemicals that enhance the effectiveness of the activated sorbent. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to the methods and equipment for generating some of the chemicals that are added to the raw carbonaceous material or activated sorbent to enhance its effectiveness. The invention in its various embodiments is also directed to methods and equipment for generating certain chemicals that can be added to a gas stream to convert a given gaseous pollutant to a form that is more easily removed from the gas stream.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed from decant oil, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a reduced nitrogen content within the coke so that the coke particles do not experience as much puffing during the formation of graphitized carbon articles produced from such coke upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: A reduced puffing needle coke is formed, which includes a lesser amount of nitrogen within the coke so that carbon articles produced from such coke experience minimal expansion upon heating to graphitization temperatures.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for eliminating oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium which is super-stoichiometric in oxidising agents, which can adsorb oxides of nitrogen then desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature with respect to the adsorption temperature or by passage of a rich mixture, said materials comprising mixed oxides the metals of which are in octahedral coordination, with the octahedra connecting together so that the structure generates lamellae. Said materials adsorb oxides of nitrogen by insertion and do not become poisoned in contact with oxides of sulphur and carbon contained in the gases. In the presence of a group VIII metal, said materials are capable of eliminating oxides of nitrogen adsorbed by reduction during the passage of a rich mixture.

Abstract: A crystalline Al phase and a crystalline TiH2 phase each having a maximum length of 200 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy to obtain a hydrogen storage material capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid nano sorbent that is capable of reducing and/or removing acidic gases in a gas stream. The hybrid nano sorbent includes at least (i) a nano-structured carbonous material including at least one organic functional group, (ii) at least one metal from at least one of groups 2A, 6B, 7B, 9B or 10B of the periodic table of elements, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). The method for reducing and/or removing the acidic gases in a stream is also described.

Abstract: A crystalline Al phase and a crystalline TiH2 phase each having a maximum length of 200 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy to obtain a hydrogen storage material capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery has a negative electrode using a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by a general formula Ln1-xMgxNiyAz wherein Ln is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements including Y, Ca, Zr, and Ti, A is at least one element selected from Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Nb, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, Cu, Si, P and B, and 0.15?x?0.30, 0<z?1.5, and 2.8?y+z?4.0 are satisfied. The hydrogen-absorbing alloy has a hexagonal system crystal structure or a rhombohedral system crystal structure as its main phase and has a subphase of line which average number of not less than 50 nm in thickness existing in the range of 10 ?m×10 ?m in the cross section of the main phase is 3 or less.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a hybrid hydrogen storage system is provided. In one embodiment, the hybrid hydrogen storage system includes: a first hydrogen storage material present at a first volume percent (%) having a first gravimetric capacity and a first volumetric capacity; and a second hydrogen storage material forming an unreacted mixture with the first hydrogen storage material and present at a second volume % being 100 volume % minus the first volume %, the second storage material having a second gravimetric capacity and a second volumetric capacity, the first gravimetric capacity at the first volume % being higher or lower than the second gravimetric capacity at the second volume %, and the first volumetric capacity at the first volume % being the other of higher or lower than the second volumetric capacity at the second volume %.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a hydrogen storage system includes a core of hydrogen sorbent material and a shell of crystalline metal hydride material enclosing at least a portion of the core of hydrogen sorbent material. In another embodiment, the hydrogen storage system further includes an intermediate layer of amorphous metal hydride material, at least a portion of which being positioned between the core of hydrogen sorbent material and the shell of crystalline metal hydride material.

Abstract: The object of the invention is method and apparatus for sorbent production.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material has been developed that comprises a metal hydride material embedded into a carbon microstructure that generally exhibits a greater bulk thermal conductivity than the surrounding bulk metal hydride material.

Abstract: In order to remove fluorine from a zinc containing solution before zinc electro-refining in lower cost, fluorine is removed by adsorption from a zinc containing solution (leached solution) utilizing the character of the predetermined iron compound or zinc compound which can adsorb fluorine in an acid solution and desorb fluorine in an alkaline solution. The fluorine adsorbent/desorbent having adsorbed fluorine is treated in an alkaline solution, to desorb the fluorine. This makes it possible to regenerate the fluorine adsorbent/desorbent. Further, an electrolytic solution for zinc electro-refining can be prepared in lower cost, thus total zinc refining costs can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst system for the selective conversion of hydrocarbons into multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydrogen comprising a compound of the formula: (Ni,Co)FeyOz(Al2O3)w wherein ‘y’ represents the molar fraction of Fe relative to Co and Ni and wherein 0.11?y?9.0, 1.12?z?14.5, and 1.5?w?64.

Abstract: A sorbent for use in removing sulfur contaminants from hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided, wherein the sorbent contains zinc aluminate in an amount of at least 40 wt % (calculated as ZnAl2O4); free alumina in an amount of from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % (calculated as Al2O3); and iron oxide in an amount of from about 10 wt % to about 30 wt % (calculated as Fe2O3); wherein each of the free alumina and iron oxide are present in non-crystalline form as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, and a method for producing the sorbent and method for using the sorbent to reduce sulfur contaminants in hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: In an adsorbent of the present invention, at least a surface and its vicinity thereof is composed of an apatite represented by the formula Ca10(PO4)6((OH)1-xAx)2, where A represents a halogen element and 0?x?1, and a phosphate group contained in the apatite is bonded to a trivalent metal ion. Further, preferably, the trivalent metal ion is Fe3+. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an adsorbent capable of specifically adsorbing an object compound, an adsorption apparatus capable of separating and purifying the object compound easily and reliably, and a method capable of manufacturing such an adsorption apparatus easily in a short time.

Abstract: A process for capturing organometallic impurities comprising at least one of a heavy metal, silicon, phosphorus, and arsenic, contained in a hydrocarbon feed comprising contacting the feed with a capture mass comprising at least one of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) deposited on a porous support at least one of aluminas, silica, silica-aluminas, and titanium, or magnesium oxides used alone or as a mixture with alumina or silica-alumina, the metallic element being in the sulphide form with a degree of sulphurization of at least 60%, and in which the feed to be treated is a catalytically cracked gasoline containing 5% to 60% by weight of olefins, 50 ppm to 6000 ppm by weight of sulphur and traces of arsenic in amounts in the range 10 ppb to 1000 ppb by weight.

Abstract: A filter type trapping agent for volatile cesium compound and trapping method for volatile cesium compound thereof are provided. More particularly, a filter type trapping agent for volatile cesium compound including silica 40˜65% by weight of silica, 15˜30% by weight of alumina, 5˜15% by weight of iron oxide, 1˜15% by weight of molybdenum oxide, 1˜10% by weight of chromium oxide, and 1˜10% by weight of vanadium oxide and trapping method for volatile cesium compound thereof are provided. Through a filter type trapping agent for volatile cesium compound and a trapping method, only cesium can be selectively separated among the nuclear fission gases. Accordingly, by disposing only the filter where cesium is trapped, the efficiency of an off-gas process improves, expense for disposing filter wastes decreases, and a cesium isotope of the waste filter can be recycled. Therefore, many forms of cesium compound gas are made insoluble efficiently.

Abstract: The present invention provides a microporous carbon material capable of expressing functions that supported metal has while maintaining pore functions that the microporous carbon material inherently possesses. The microporous carbon material 5 includes: a three-dimensional long-range ordered structure within a range from 0.7 nm or more to 2 nm or less; and micropores 2a, wherein a transition metal 4 is supported on surfaces of the micropores 2a. The microporous carbon material is obtained by a method including: introducing an organic compound on a surface of and inside the micropores of a porous material containing transition metal, and obtaining a composite of the microporous carbon material containing the transition metal and the porous material by carbonizing the organic compound by a chemical vapor deposition method; and removing the porous material.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing metal in soil includes blending slag fines with soil to form a media. The slag fines immobilize metal present in the media and reduce leaching of the metal into water.

Abstract: An absorbent includes a ferromagnetic nucleus with a one-layer or two-layer shell or devoid thereof and the nucleus is embodied in the form of a plate with a planar size that ranges from 500-5000 ?m and the thickness is equal to 0.1-1000 ?m. The method for producing the inventive magnetically-operated absorbent includes evaporating and/or melting a magnetic material powder in a low-temperature plasma, quenching and condensing the thus obtained vaporized and/or melt-particle product in a gas flux, and transferring the product precipitated in the form of crystals or micro slugs of corresponding metals, correspondingly to a stabilizer-containing dispersion medium and holding in the medium until a gas release is over. Then the crystals or micro slugs are processed by flattening, for example pressing so that the plates of a specified thickness are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed are porous-shell particles, methods of making the particles, and uses thereof. In one aspect, the porous-shell particles are superficially porous particles.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen occluding alloy powder having an ideally activated surface state where oxide and hydroxide precipitated on the surface of said powder have been removed quickly with a simple means. The method for surface treating a hydrogen occluding alloy powder involves agitating a hydrogen occluding alloy powder containing Ni and Mg with an Ni content from 35 to 60 wt % in a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution (first process). Then the hydrogen occluding alloy powder is agitated in an alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution containing at least either one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (second process).

Abstract: The invention relates to sorption materials for removing of heavy metal ions from ground water and surface aquifer systems, and can be used by enterprises in chemical and metallurgical industry which utilize etching and galvanic technologies. The sorbent for removing of heavy metal ions from water is composed of ground zeolite and nanophase material, where the nanophase material consists of nanophase iron hydroxide and nanophase boehmite in the following ratio, mass %: Nanophase iron hydroxide 12-18 Nanophase boehmite ?5-13 Ground zeolite the rest. Technical result is the enhanced purification effectiveness of the sorbent due to a wider range of heavy metals it can absorb when purifying highly contaminated water.

Abstract: A micro-porous material having agglomerates of precipitated silica, according to the formula MeOx.HiSiO2, The agglomerates are composed of porous particles, and the agglomerates exhibit a size in the range 0.5-500 ?m. A gas filter having the micro-porous material, and a method of filtering air through the micro-porous material.

Abstract: Sorption media for removal of contaminants from fluid streams are provided. The sorption media comprise an active compound bound or linked to a support substrate or matrix. Support substrates can include iron- and alumina-based materials. A method for making sorption media for the removal of contaminants from fluid streams is also described. The method includes selecting a support substrate, and, optionally, providing a doping mixture comprising an active compound. The selected support substrate can be contacted with the doping mixture to form a doped mixture. The doped mixture can be reacted at a predetermined temperature and atmospheric environment for a predetermined duration to form an active media, wherein the active compound is bound or linked to the support substrate.

Abstract: A method for the production of a composition comprising a metal containing compound, a silica containing material, a promoter, and alumina is disclosed. The composition can then be utilized in a process for the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A desulfurization adsorbent for a fuel cell has a structure according to Formula 1 below, and a desulfurizing method uses the desulfurization adsorbent. The desulfurization adsorbent displays remarkably excellent adsorption performance for adsorbing sulfur compounds as well as excellent regeneration performance, compared with conventional desulfurization adsorbents. Thus, the desulfurization adsorbent does not need to be replaced even after prolonged use, thus stabilizing the operation of a fuel cell system and reducing costs. (M1)a-(Si)x—(Ti)y-(M2)z-O??[Formula 1] wherein M1 is at least one selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, hydrogen, ammonium, rare earths, and transition metals; 4?x/y?500, 0?z/y?3, 0?a/(y+z)?1; and M2 is aluminum (Al), boron (B) or a trivalent metal.

Abstract: Particles for catalyst which have a function of absorbing and desorbing oxygen, the particles comprising an iron compound in which an element, other than Fe, having two valences is solid-soluted in an oxide of Fe having three valences, and a method for producing the particles for catalyst which comprises precipitating a precipitate containing Fe having three valences and an element, other than Fe, having two valences from a solution containing ions of Fe having three valences and ions of the element, other than Fe, having two valences, and drying and firing the precipitate to produce the particles.

Abstract: Compositions and devices for gas sorption are provided that can be activated just before their use, which hence do not need storing under inert atmosphere during storage and transportation.

Abstract: Toxic substances such as heavy metals are extracted from a medium using a sorbent composition. The sorbent composition is derived by sulfidation of red mud, which contains hydrated ferric oxides derived from the Bayer processing of bauxite ores. Exemplary sulfidizing compounds are H2S, Na2S, K2S, (NH4)2S, and CaSx. The sulfur content typically is from about 0.2 to about 10% above the residual sulfur in the red mud. Sulfidized red mud is an improved sorbent compared to red mud for most of the heavy metals tested (Hg, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Se, Th, and U). Unlike red mud, sulfidized red mud does not leach naturally contained metals. Sulfidized red mud also prevents leaching of metals when mixed with red mud. Mixtures of sulfidized red mud and red mud are more effective for sorbing other ions, such as As, Co, Mn, and Sr, than sulfidized red mud alone.

Abstract: A novel anion adsorbent with extremely high anion adsorptive power, composed mainly of iron as a metal excellent in biosafety, is provided. The anion adsorbent contains, as an active ingredient, amorphous ferric hydroxide produced under such conditions that a ferrous species is present.

Abstract: A mercury absorbent comprising a metal sulphide, a support material, a first binder and a second binder, wherein the first binder is a cement binder and the second binder is a high aspect ratio binder having an aspect ratio >2. A mercury removal process comprises contacting a mercury containing feed stream with the absorbent.

Abstract: A composite sorbent is formed which is the reaction product of a solid alkali metal carbonate, rehydratable alumina and water or an aqueous solution of a metal salt. The reaction between the components occurs while forming particulates followed by curing and activation at high temperatures. The alkali metal in the sorbent exhibits a highly reactive and accessible state that is very favorable for various sorption applications. The sorbent is especially useful for removal of HCl and other acid contaminants from gas and liquid hydrocarbon streams at high temperatures.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite metal oxide adsorbent for fluoride removal and the preparation method thereof. Said composite metal oxide adsorbent for fluoride removal comprises: 0.05-0.15 molar parts of transition metal, 0.2-0.6 molar parts of Al and/or Mg, and 0.05-0.15 molar parts of rare earth metal. The composite metal oxide adsorbent for fluoride removal has a saturation adsorption capacity on fluorine in water of up to 229 mg/g, under a neutral condition.

Abstract: A desulfurizer containing at least a composition of a highly concentrated amorphous iron oxide hydroxide as the active ingredient. A method for preparing a composition containing at least a highly concentrated amorphous iron oxide hydroxide. A method for regenerating the desulfurizer. The desulfurizer contains at least the composition of a highly concentrated amorphous iron oxide hydroxide as the active ingredient and a binder. The composition and the desulfurizer have a high sulfur capacity and can be regenerated. This saves resources and reduces environmental pollution. The method for regenerating the desulfurizer includes at least the following steps: a) mixing a solid soluble ferrous salt with a solid hydroxide, b) kneading the mixture and allowing it to react at temperatures not exceeding 90° C., c) drying in air, d) washing with water and filtering to yield a solid, and e) drying naturally or roasting the solid.

Abstract: Organic ligands that contain at least one aryl group are immobilized on a solid support. The organic ligands are of the type used to form a catalyst complex suitable for carrying out a catalytic reaction, preferably an asymmetric reaction. To immobilize the organic ligands, a tethering group is bonded to the ligand using, for example, a Friedel-Crafts acylation or alkylation reaction. The immobilization of the organic ligand can be carried out using a single reaction with the organic ligand.

Abstract: CO2 sorptive pellets and/or granules and their use for removing CO2 from CO2-containing gases and for producing hydrogen. CO2 sorptive pellets are suitable for use in fixed bed reactors and the like due to sufficient crush strength. CO2 sorptive granules are suitable for moving, ebullated, expanded and fluidized beds. The CO2 sorptive pellets and/or granules comprise calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide and at least one binding agent such as calcium titanate, calcium aluminate, calcium zirconate, magnesium titanate, magnesium aluminate, and magnesium zirconate. A method for making the CO2-sorptive pellets is described. The CO2 sorptive pellets optionally comprise at Ni, Pd, Pt, and/or Rh.

Abstract: An adsorbent for radioelement-containing waste includes spherical layered double hydroxide (A) or spherical metal hydroxide (B). (A) is a nonstoichiometric compound represented by general formula (a) or (b): [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2]x+[An?x/n.mH2O]x???(a), [Al2Li(OH)6]x+[An?x/n.mH2O]x???(b) where 0.1?x?0.4, 0<m. The n represents a natural number of 1 to 4, M2+ represents at least one divalent metal, M3+ represents at least one trivalent metal, and An? represents at least one n-valent ion-exchangeable anion. (B) contains a metal selected from the group of Group II, Group IV, Group V, Group VI, Group XI, Group XII, and Group XIII of the periodic table, and the group of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb, and Bi. This adsorbent efficiently adsorbs and collects volatile iodine, a radioactive anion in wastewater, etc. providing a crack-resistant solidified article after a solidification treatment, and effectively confines the radioelement-containing waste with long-term stability.

Abstract: Toxic substances such as heavy metals are extracted from a medium using a sorbent composition. The composition is derived by sulfidation of red mud, which contains hydrated ferric oxides derived from the Bayer processing of bauxite ores. Exemplary sulfidizing compounds are H2S, Na2S, K2S, (NH4)2S, and CaSx. The sulfur content typically is from about 0.2 to about 10% above the residual sulfur in the red mud. Sulfidized red mud is an improved sorbent compared to red mud for most of the heavy metals tested (Hg, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Se, Th, and U). Unlike red mud, sulfidized red mud does not leach naturally contained metals. Sulfidized red mud also prevents leaching of metals when mixed with red mud. Mixtures of sulfidized red mud and red mud are more effective for sorbing other ions, such as As, Co, Mn, and Sr, than sulfidized red mud alone.

Abstract: A system includes an adsorber having a fluidized bed of a plurality of adsorption materials. The adsorber is configured to receive the gaseous fuel stream including the plurality of pollutants and adsorb the said plurality of pollutants in a single unit from the gaseous fuel stream to generate a clean gas stream substantially free of the pollutants. Different adsorption materials are designed to remove different pollutants over a similar temperature range. The pollutants include at least one of sulfur compounds, chlorine, ammonia, mercury, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment and associated method of use discloses a hydrogen storage system that liberates hydrogen and includes a combination of at least one complex hydride containing a cation and a complex hydride anion based on boron, aluminum or nitrogen, together with an approximately stoichiometric or chemically equivalent amount of at least one other complex hydride containing a cation and a complex hydride anion based on a transition metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ferric and manganese binary oxide (FMBO) based adsorbent, its preparation and application method. The FMBO based adsorbent comprises a ferric and manganese binary oxide (FMBO) and a carrier. The mass ratio of FMBO to the carrier is between 0.2:100 and 15:100. The FMBO based adsorbent effectively removes the arsenic in groundwater, particularly the arsenite. The present invention also provides the equipment for preparation and application of the adsorbent.

Abstract: A process and composition for converting nitrogen oxides present in exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine utilize cobalt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as a component of an adsorbent. The process involves contacting the exhaust gas with an adsorbent which adsorbs the nitrogen oxides in lean-burn conditions and recurrently reducing the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas. During such periods of reduced oxygen concentration, the nitrogen oxides are then desorbed and reduced to nitrogen, thereby reducing the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The composition of the adsorbent comprises an oxide support and at least two components loaded on the support and containing cobalt and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. The composition demonstrates improved activity at higher temperatures and improved thermal stability.

Abstract: The present subject matter provides a filter medium for filtering aqueous solutions, particularly water for human and animal consumption. The medium may be employed in a great variety of filters of various sizes and constructions.