Abstract: The present invention includes processes and resulting structures for producing a modified polymer having interconnecting channels. The interconnecting channels act as controlled transmission passages through the polymer. A hydrophilic agent is blended into the polymer so that it is distributed within the polymer. In one embodiment, an absorbing material is blended into the polymer so that the absorbing material is distributed within the product. The product is solidified so that the hydrophilic agent forms passages in the product through which a desired composition is communicable to the absorbing material that is entrained within the product. The solidified product may be used to form a desired shaped article such as plug type inserts and liners for closed containers, or it may be formed into a film, sheet, bead or pellet.

Abstract: Particulate sorbent compositions comprising a mixture of zinc oxide, silica, alumina and a substantially reduced valence cobalt are provided for the desulfurization of a feedstream of cracked-gasoline or diesel fuels in a desulfurization zone by a process which comprises the contacting of such feedstreams in a desulfurization zone followed by separation of the resulting low sulfur-containing stream and sulfurized-sorbent and thereafter regenerating and activating the separated sorbent before recycle of same to the desulfurization zone.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain catalysts and catalyst support materials and processes for the preparation of the catalyst support materials and for the selective hydrogenation of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EpB) to 1,2-epoxy-butane (butylene oxide—BO). The catalyst support materials have micropores filled with one or more inorganic oxides and the supported catalysts comprise one or more Group VIII metals deposited on the support materials. The rhodium-containing supported catalysts are especially useful for the selective hydrogenation of EpB to BO.

Abstract: The present invention includes processes and resulting structures for producing a modified polymer having interconnecting channels. The interconnecting channels act as controlled transmission passages through the polymer. A hydrophilic agent is blended into the polymer so that it is distributed within the polymer. In one embodiment, a water-absorbing material is blended into the polymer so that the water-absorbing material is distributed within the product. The product is solidified so that the hydrophilic agent forms passages in the product through which a desired composition is communicable to the water-absorbing material that is entrained within the product. The solidified product may be used to form a desired shaped article such as plug type inserts and liners for closed containers, or it may be formed into a film, sheet, bead or pellet.

Abstract: This invention concerns a silylated porous microcomposite comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer entrapped within and highly dispersed throughout a network of inorganic oxide wherein the network and optionally the polymer have been modified with a silylating agent. These silylated microcomposites can be used in heterogeneous catalyst compositions for various chemical processes, such as in esterifications and acylations.

Abstract: A process to produce a sorbent is provided. This process comprises: mixing a composition that comprises silica, a composition that comprises metal oxide, and a composition that comprises zinc oxide, to form a first mixture; and sphering said first mixture to form particles having a diameter from about 10 micrometers to about 1000 micrometers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microporous starch granules surface coated with a hydrophobic agent said granules useful in absorbing hydrophobic malodorous materials either from the liquid or gas phase. The hydrophobic granules are useful in controlling the malodors associated with catmenials and hygienic undergarments as well as being useful for absorbing unwanted food and other environmental malodors.

Abstract: An HC emission control member includes an HC adsorbing layer on a carrier and an HC oxidizing layer on the HC adsorbing layer. The hydrophobic property of the HC adsorbing layer is enhanced, so that satisfactory adsorption and desorption of HC could be obtained.

Abstract: Process for the removal of contaminant compounds containing one or more heteroatoms of sulfur, nitrogen and/or oxygen from hydrocarbon streams characterized in that it comprises:an adsorption step in which said compounds are adsorbed by means of an adsorber essentially consisting of silica gel, possibly modified with one or more metals selected from the elements of groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIII, Ib, IIb or from tin, lead or bismuth, carried out at a temperature of between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. and at a pressure of between 1 and 20 atm;an optional washing step with polar solvents or hydrocarbons;and a regeneration step for removing the substances adsorbed by means of thermal treatment in a flow of inert gas carried out at a temperature of between 100.degree. and 200.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of molecular sieve compound and in particular, to a manufacturing method whereas crystalline aluminosilicate salt is formed in the pores of activated carbon and thereby possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic adsorption capacity, therefore the molecular sieve compound manufactured according to this present invention is in use for treatment agent of wastewater, deodorizing agent, antibacterial and disinfectant agent, adsorbent of organic matter and water, removal agent of harmful gas of cigarette, separable agent of air and many other applications.

Abstract: The present cluster-included material characterized by utilizing a porous host material for clusters having a pore larger in size than that of zeolite. The cluster-included material is obtained by forming a cluster in a pore of a mesoporous material having a pore size of 1.3 to 10 nm. When the mesoporous material is particularly a mesoporous material having a pore volume of not less than 60% of a total pore volume within a pore size range of -40 to +40% of a pore size which shows a maximum peak in a pore size distribution curve, a granular cluster having a uniform particle size or a fine-linear cluster having a uniform diameter is obtained. The cluster-included material performs the various quantum effects.

Abstract: An HC adsorbent has an MFI-type metallo-silicate including at least one of gallium and indium as a framework forming element, and aluminum (Al) in the MFI-type metallo-silicate in a content of Al.ltoreq.0.05% by weight. Such an HC adsorbent has an excellent heat-resistance.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of hydrogenating high molecular weight aromatic polymers comprising hydrogenating the high molecular weight aromatic polymer in the presence of a silica supported metal hydrogenation catalyst, characterized in that the silica has a pore size distribution such that at least 98 percent of the pore volume is defined by pores having diameter of greater than 600 angstroms.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst in which catalytic activation particles 3 composed of a catalytic element or its compound are carried on a carrier 1. The catalytic activation particles 3, as carried on the carrier 1 and exposed to the outside of the carrier 1, are coated with the carrier 1 by 20 to 90% of their whole surface area. Also disclosed is a process for producing the exhaust gas purifying catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an unsintered spherical adsorbent particle composition having high mechanical strength and controlled pore size distribution, comprising finely divided silica hydrogel particles bonded together with a silica or metal oxide sol.

Abstract: A method and composition for the concentration and removal of desired metal ions from a source solution by contacting the solution with an N-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing ligand covalently bonded to a solid support through a hydrophilic spacer of the formula SS--A--X--(L).sub.n where SS is a solid support, A is covalent linkage mechanism, X is a hydrophilic spacer grouping, L is an N-cyclic aromatic containing ligand group and n is an integer of 1 to 6. X or L combined will not contain more than two amine nitrogen atoms. There will preferably be at least four N-cyclic groups present of which pyridine, pyrimidine, pyraxine, imidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, pyridopyridine, phenanthroline are representative.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a sorbent capable of efficiently and selectively sorbing cesium ions from an aqueous solution. The method comprises impregnating the pores of a high-porosity carrier material such as silica gel and porous adsorbent resin with water-soluble potassium or sodium hexacyanoferrate (II) and contacting the carrier material with a solution of a copper salt in a solvent in which the water-soluble hexacyanoferrate (II) is hardly soluble such as ethyl alcohol to convert the water-soluble hexacyanoferrate (II) into water-insoluble copper hexacyanoferrate (II). The cesium ions sorbed on the sorbent can be readily desorbed and the sorbent can readily be regenerated. Alternatively, the carrier material is impregnated with a water-soluble hexacyanoferrate (III) which is converted into copper hexacyanoferrate (III) followed by a reducing reaction of the same into copper hexacyanoferrate (II).

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous amorphous silica-alumina refractory oxide is described in which a source of silica, such as tetra ethyl ortho silicate, in a non-aqueous solvent, such as an alcohol, is hydrolysed by adding an aqueous solution containing aluminum ions, in particular a solution of aluminum nitrate, thereby to form a sol and calcining the sol at, for example, 200.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. The product, which may have a microporous or mesoporous structure, is useful in the separation of fluids, especially the separation of carbon dioxide from natural gas.

Abstract: A system for treating the exhaust of an industrial process or combustion source to remove gaseous sulfur compounds which includes contacting the exhaust containing gaseous sulfur compounds with a catalytic system of a structured support for example a monolith coated with: (i) a metal oxide sorber component selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, Al, Si and mixtures thereof, for example TiO.sub.2 (ii) a precious metal component, for example Pt metal and optionally (iii) a modifier consisting of an oxide Ag, Cu, Bi, Sb, Sn, As, In, Pb, Au or mixtures thereof, such as Cu as a compound. The system captures the gaseous sulfur compounds. Gaseous sulfur compounds are then driven off as mainly H.sub.2 S and SO.sub.2 in higher concentrations in a separate isolated lower flow stream. The higher concentrations are easier to process to less noxious or useful sulfur materials and the catalyst/sorber is regenerated.

Abstract: Selective and thermally reversible adsorption of NO.sub.x from a mixture of hot gases is achieved by contact with an adsorbent of active copper in the form of CuO on a support of TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 and in the form of Cu.sup.+2 on a support of pillared clay.

Abstract: Solid-phase physical sorbent medium holding adsorbed fluid is provided in a cartridge, for use in a sorbent-based fluid storage and dispensing system. One or more of such cartridges may be disposed in a fluid storage and dispensing vessel and opened prior or subsequent to sealing of the vessel, to provide desorbable fluid for dispensing from the vessel, e.g., by pressure differential, concentration differential and/or thermal desorption. Use of such cartridges thereby obviates the sorbent bake-out and sorbate gas loading steps necessary in prior practice, thereby simplifying the manufacture of the fluid storage and dispensing system.

Abstract: A process of modifying the porosity of an aluminosilicate or silica whose porosity is not amenable to modification by acid extraction. The process involves contacting said aluminosilicate or silica with an alkali aluminate, and then extracting the aluminate-treated material with an extraction agent so as to form the porosity-modified aluminosilicate or silica. The process is applicable to zeolites which are unreactive under acid extraction conditions, e.g. ferrierite, and applicable to zeolites which are structurally unstable under acid extraction conditions, such as the mineral bikitaite. Mesoporous compositions are disclosed, including a mesoporous ferrierite and a mesoporous zeolite DCM-3.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an unsintered spherical adsorbent particle composition having high mechanical strength and controlled pore size distribution, comprising finely divided silica hydrogel particles bonded together with a silica or metal oxide sol.

Abstract: A method for producing a material for heavy metal absorption or for analytically detecting heavy metals, especially uranium and radium, comprises the steps of: providing a material containing nitrogen which is organically bonded in a polymer; treating said material with potassium permanganate in an alkaline solution; and treating the material with iron(II) hydroxide in an alkaline solution. The material produced in this way is suitable for being used for a method of analytically detecting heavy metals and heavy metal istopes in a sample liquid as well as for a method of cleaning contaminated liquids.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses novel coated particles that are well suited for use as absorption media in chromatographic processes. The coated particles comprise a substrate, such as aluminum, silicon, titanium or zirconium oxide particles, containing polymerized silane moieties on a surface of the substrate. The silane moieties include two or three olefinic groups as well as at least on useful ligand. Methods of preparing these coated particles are also described.

Abstract: An antioxidant composition which utilizes a desiccant carrier impregnated with a suitable fat soluble antioxidant is conveniently contained within a vapor permeable housing to prevent homogeneous mixing thereof with a stored product when the composition is provided in granulated form. The desiccant carrier is selected from a group of suitable hydrophilic materials which demonstrates the capacity for reducing levels of atmospheric moisture by absorption thereof, including for example, silica gel. The housing may conveniently be a sealed packet formed from a porous fiber material, such as, for example, that commonly used for fashioning tea bags and the like. Alternatively, the housing may include an enclosed perforated structure, the perforations of which are smaller than the granules of the contained composition. Where the composition is provided in the form of a unitary body, a housing need not be used.

Abstract: A process to make a sorbent composition said process comprising:(1) contacting(1.1) at least one zinc component, where said zinc component comprises zinc oxide, or a compound convertible to zinc oxide,(1.2) at least one silica component, where said silica component comprises silica, or a compound convertible to silica,(1.3) at least one colloidal oxide component, where said colloidal oxide component comprises a mixture that comprises a metal oxide, and optionally(1.4) at least one pore generator component; to form a first mixture; and thereafter,(2) extruding said first mixture to form an extruded, first mixture; and thereafter,(3) sphering said extruded, first mixture to form a sphered, extruded, first mixture that comprises particles where said particles have a particle size from about 0.

Abstract: A method for producing an enhanced adsorbent and/or enhanced catalytic particle and/or for producing a catalytic particle, comprising the steps of: (a) removing an effective amount of air from a closed chamber containing an adsorbent and/or catalytic particle, wherein the resultant chamber pressure is less than one atmosphere; (b) raising the chamber pressure with an inert gas to at least one atmosphere; (c) contacting the particle with an energy beam of sufficient energy for a sufficient time to thereby enhance the adsorbent and/or catalytic properties of the particle and/or produce catalytic properties in the particle. A continuous process directed to step (c) alone is also provided. Also disclosed are adsorbent and/or catalytic particles, methods of contaminant reduction or elimination, including room temperature catalysis, particle binders, apparatuses of the present invention, and methods of increasing the surface area of adsorbent and/or catalytic particles.

Abstract: A method for treating silica to render its surface non-polar, especially for use as a chromatography medium in "reverse phase" chromatography. The silica is treated with a solution of a complex in which a hydrocarbon chain is coordinated, e.g. through a carboxylic group, with a metal ion such as chromium. The complex also has halide ligands, which on hydrolysis give rise to cationic charging and hydroxyl-bridging of the complex molecules with the silica surface and with one another. Elimination of water binds the molecules onto the silica surface where their hydrocarbon chains give the desired non-polar properties.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst support in which a hydrophilic inorganic oxide of an element of main groups II to IV or transition group IV of the Periodic Table or a mixture or mixed oxide thereof is dried at from 110 to 800.degree. C., subsequently reacted, if desired, with aluminoxanes or aluminum alkyls and subsequently reacted simultaneously with aluminoxanes and polyfunctional organic crosslinkers. In a further stage, the catalyst support can be brought into contact with a polyolefin catalyst, giving a supported polyolefin catalyst which is used, in particular, for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a support for olefin polymerization catalysts comprising silica, aluminium phosphate and optionally alumina, according to which a source of silica, chosen from alkaline aqueous silica sols and alkaline aqueous solutions of inorganic silicate, is added, in a first step, to an aqueous solution of a source of phosphate ions which has a pH of less than 5, the pH of the medium being maintained below 5 throughout the first step, an aluminium compound is added, in a second step, to the medium obtained from the first step and a precipitate is formed, in a third step, by adding a precipitation agent to the medium obtained from the second step, the pH of the precipitation medium being maintained above or equal to 5.

Abstract: Disclosed are an adsorbent for CO, comprising a composite comprised of a porous inorganic carrier and, carried thereon, a binary complex of a nitrogen-containing compound and a copper(I) halide, the nitrogen-containing compound being at least one member selected from at least one pyridine compound and a diamine represented by R.sup.1 R.sup.2 N(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4, wherein n is 2 or 3 and each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, with the proviso that when n is 2, each of at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group atoms and that when n is 3, at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, and a method for separating carbon monoxide by adsorption using the adsorbent.

Abstract: A bonded phase material useful with a chromatographic separation process. The bonded phase material includes a hydroxyl bearing porous material, a first controlled stoichiometric amount of a first interactive silane covalently bonded to the surface of the hydroxyl bearing porous material and at least one additional interactive silane covalently bonded to the surface of the hydroxyl bearing porous material to provide the porous material with a gradient of functionality of varied polarity creates a unique overall polarity which is not obtainable by the separate interactive silanes themselves. The method of silating the porous material includes sequential application of controlled stoichiometric amounts of the interactive silanes.

Abstract: Porous microcomposites comprising a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer (PFIEP) containing pendant metal cation exchanged sulfonate groups, metal cation exchanged carboxylate groups, or metal cation exchanged sulfonate and carboxylate groups, wherein the metal cation may be ligand coordinated, and optionally pendant sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, or sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid groups, the PFIEP being entrapped within and highly dispersed throughout a network of metal oxide, a network of silica or a network of metal oxide and silica can be prepared from PFIEP and one or more precursors selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide precursor, a silica precursor, and a metal oxide and silica precursor using an in situ process. Preferred metal cations are Cr, Sn, Al, Fe, Os, Co, Zn, Hg, Li, Na, Cu, Pd or Ru. Such microcomposites have a first set of pores having a pore size diameter ranging from about 0.

Abstract: An adsorbent is described based on an inorganic support material with exchangeable mono- and divalent cations, characterized by the fact that the specific surface of the support material is >100 m.sup.2 /g, its cation exchange capacity is>30 mg-equiv/100 g, its pore volume is>0.15 m/g, the pH value of an aqueous suspension of 8 g of support material in 100 mL of H.sub.2 O is<7.5 and that at least 60, preferably at least 70% of the exchangeable mono- and/or divalent cations are exchanged by cations acting as Lewis acids, preferably Al.sup.3 + cations.

Abstract: A novel circulatable sorbent material suitable for use in a transport desulfurization system for removing sulfur from a fluid stream containing sulfur and the use thereof in such a transport desulfurization system. The transport desulfurization process utilizes a circulatable particulate material containing alumina, silica zinc oxide and a metal oxide which is contacted with a fluid stream and thereafter separated and reused with a portion being regenerated.

Abstract: Process for preparing a catalyst support, in which a hydrophilic, macroporous, finely divided aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide or zirconium oxide or a mixture or mixed oxide thereof is dried at from 110 to 800.degree. C., then reacted with an aluminoxane and subsequently with polyfunctional organic crosslinkers. In a further step, the catalyst support can be mixed with a reaction product of metallocenes and activators, giving a supported metallocene catalyst which is used, in particular, for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: Chiral stationary phases perform well when the underlying support for the chiral organic material is coated onto a silica pore widened by a hydrothermal treatment. The resulting silica is amorphous with a unimodal distribution of large pores. A variety of chiral stationary phases perform well and are distinguished, inter alia, by the treatment, if any, prior to coating the chiral organic material.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex. The process includes oxidizing a sorbent precursor and contacting the sorbent precursor with a metallic species. The process further includes chemically reacting the sorbent precursor and the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. In one particular aspect of the invention, at least a portion of the sorbent precursor is transformed into sorbent particles during the oxidation step. These sorbent particles then are contacted with the metallic species and chemically reacted with the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. Another aspect of the invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex in a combustion system. The process includes introducing a sorbent precursor into a combustion system and subjecting the sorbent precursor to an elevated temperature sufficient to oxidize the sorbent precursor and transform the sorbent precursor into sorbent particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalyst supports and improvements thereof for use with supported activators and supported transition metal catalyst systems. The invention specifically involves reacting a carrier containing reactive functionalities, e.g., hydroxyl containing silica, with halogenated organic compounds, e.g., fluorosubstituted phenols. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. The reaction consumes undesired functionalities on the support to provide a halogenated support which is suitable for activators and catalytic precursors which are adversely affected by functionalities typically found on supports. The supported activators or catalytic precursors are prepared by contacting the precursors or activators with the halogenated support.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the preparation of a highly reactive hydrophobic silica capable of lipophilic binding of lipids present in aqueous media, in particular body fluids. The hydrocarbon substituted silica utilized in the first step of this process may be prepared from hydrophilic silica, suitably pyrogenic silica. This is then treated with a volatile hydrocarbon substituted silicon compound. The next step of the process comprises treating the substituted hydrophobic silica with an alcohol. In order to enable the thus produced material to selectively adsorb lipids in the presence of protein, to the substantial non absorption of the proteins (other than lipoproteins), a further step is carried out. This comprises treating with aqueous ammonia or amines wherein substituents on the amine nitrogen may be the same or different.

Abstract: Treatment compositions and a method are provided for the removal of a plurality of heavy metals and radioactive isotopes from wastewater. The treatment compositions comprise an alkali; adsorbents, such as montmorillonite and illite clays; catalysts, such as polyelectrolytes and sodium carbonate; one or more flocculants, such as a metal salt and calcium hydroxide; zirconium as a chelating and complexing agent; and boron as a neutron absorbent. The selected composition is introduced into and mixed with the wastewater, which is then filtered to produce a sludge containing the contaminants.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous amorphous silica-alumina refractory oxide is described in which a source of silica, such as tetra ethyl ortho silicate, in a non-aqueous solvent, such as an alcohol, is hydrolysed by adding an aqueous solution containing aluminum ions, in particular a solution of aluminum nitrate, thereby to form a sol and calcining the sol at, for example, 200.degree. C. to 600.degree. C. The product, which may have a microporous or mesoporous structure, is useful in the separation of fluids, especially the separation of carbon dioxide from natural gas.

Abstract: A malodorous component is eliminated using a catalytic composition comprising a phosphate of a tetravalent metal (titanium or other Group 4 elements of the Periodic Table of Elements), a hydroxide of a divalent metal (copper, zinc or other transition metal), and a photocatalyst. The photocatalyst includes sulfide-semiconductors, oxide-semiconductors and other photo-semiconductors, e.g. titanium oxide. The composition may further contain silicon dioxide and/or a silver component. The catalytic composition insures efficient elimination of not only acidic components and basic components but also neutral components over a long period, irrespective of with or without a light irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention provides asymmetric bidentate silane reagents from modifying the surface of liquid chromatography supports, the supports and methods of making and using the same. When bonded to the surface of a support material, the resulting modified support material provides improved properties, such as better separations and more stable support materials, especially when used in liquid chromatography. These bidentate silanes have the general structure: R.sub.1 SiMe(NMe.sub.2)--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --SiMeR.sub.2 (NMe.sub.2). R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. R.sub.1 is a different alkyl group than R.sub.2. Me is a methyl group, and n has a value 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, R.sub.2 includes at least one functional group. When reacted with a silica surface, the resulting modified surface has a structure: PSiO--?R.sub.1 SiMe--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --SiMeR!--OSiP. PSiO is a surface reacted silica.

Abstract: Pellets for removing hydrogen sulfide from a coal gasification stream at an elevated temperature are prepared in durable form, usable over repeated cycles of absorption and regeneration. The pellets include a material reactive with hydrogen sulfide, in particular zinc oxide, a binder, and an inert material, in particular calcium sulfate (drierite), having a particle size substantially larger than other components of the pellets. A second inert material and a promoter may also be included. Preparation of the pellets may be carried out by dry, solid-state mixing of components, moistening the mixture, and agglomerating it into pellets, followed by drying and calcining. Pellet size is selected, depending on the type of reaction bed for which the pellets are intended. The use of inert material with a large particle size provides a stable pellet structure with increased porosity, enabling effective gas contact and prolonged mechanical durability.

Abstract: A set of chiral stationary phases is based on yohimbine and its derivatives. In particular, the hydroxyl functionality of yohimbine and its analogs is covalently bonded via a urethane linkage to a polymethylenesilyl chain attached to the bound hydroxyl groups of a refractory inorganic oxide by Si-O bonds. The resulting chiral stationary phases have multiple chiral recognition sites and can be used with a broad spectrum of materials as eluents without leaching.

Abstract: An agent for recovering heavy metal cations from an aqueous effluent, including a silicate or aluminosilicate type compound, e.g. an alkali metal silicate or aluminosilicate, and a carbonate type compound, e.g. an alkali metal carbonate, and preferably a carrier such as a lay. The agent may also form a cation stabilizer. Said agent is useful for removing or stabilizing heavy metal cations in the water used for cleaning flue gases from waste incineration, particularly household refuse and industrial waste incineration.

Abstract: A method for making a decorative particulate material in which a clay based cat litter or other suitable particulate material is tumbled in a rotating barrel, sprayed with paint, and while the paint is wet, powdered mica is dispersed over the mixture. The adhesive paint adheres the mica to the particulates. Since only a single layer of mica adheres, the mica is used very efficiently. A clear gelatine-based top coat is sprayed over the mica. The finished particulates of mesh size 30 to 3 mesh, can be used in glass containers as a candle base and serve to contain liquid wax from the burning candle, preventing the wax from contacting the container walls. The resultant clump of wax and particles can easily be removed and thrown out.

Abstract: Novel, hollow, low-density agglomerates for use in sealed insulating glass windows to adsorb water vapor, and optionally organic materials, present in the cavity between the two glazings. These agglomerates provide sufficient but not excessive amounts of zeolitic and other adsorbents when used to fill all portions of the spacer tube located at the peripheral sides of the double glazed unit, thereby greatly facilitating the filling of such spacer tubes and the fabrication of the overall unit.