Abstract: A dense pack gas adsorbent means comprising at least one particulate gas adsorbent having a particulate size distribution in which the largest small particles are less than one-third (1/3) the size of the smallest large particle and sixty percent (60%) of the adsorbent particles having a size greater than sixty (60) mesh, said adsorbent particle oriented to provide a packing density grater than one hundred and thirty percent (130%) of the particle's apparent density.

Abstract: A scavenger composition having utility for removal of water and silicon mu-oxide impurities from chlorosilanes, such scavenger composition comprising:(a) a support; and(b) associated with the support, one or more compound(s) selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula:R.sub.a-x MCl.sub.xwherein:M is a metal selected from the group consisting of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, and potassium; the divalent metals magnesium, strontium, barium, and calcium; and the trivalent metal aluminum;R is alkyl;a is a number equal to the valency of metal M; andx is a number having a value of from 0 to a, inclusive; andwherein said compound(s) of the formula R.sub.a-x MCl.sub.x have been activated for impurity-removal service by a reaction scheme selected from those of the group consisting of:(i) reaction of such compound(s) with hydrogen chloride to form a first reaction product therefrom, followed by reaction of the first reaction product with a chlorosilane of the formula:SiH.sub.4-y Cl.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a CO.sub.2 /H.sub.2 O sorbent comprised of silver oxide, a CO.sub.2 sorption promoter, and a support. Preparation of this sorbent consists of impregnating the support with a silver compound, converting the silver compound to silver carbonate or silver oxide, and further impregnating the support with a CO.sub.2 sorption promoter. Prior to use as a sorbent, the silver carbonate is converted to silver oxide via the application of heat; liberating CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A reversible adsorbent for carbon dioxide, which can be used as a decontaminant of closed environments, has been devised. It consists of a novel material formed by a surface modified silica gel with active sites for the chemisorption of CO.sub.2 at room temperature combined with a clay which acts as an agglomerant in a preferred weight ratio of 80/20. The carbon dioxide is liberated under heating at 110.degree. C. The surface area of the material ranges between about 120 and about 240 m.sup.2 /g with a total pore volume between about 0.4 and about 0.8 cc/g where about 80% of the total pore volume contains pores of a diameter between about 60 .ANG. and about 180 .ANG.. The material is capable of adsorbing between about 7.5 and 11.7 cc of dry CO.sub.2 per gram and can be regenerated between about 70.degree. and about 150.degree. C. without losing any adsorptive capacity. Dry carbon dioxide is chemisorbed as a surface ammonium carbamate which becomes a surface bicarbonate in the presence of water.

Abstract: Quaternized non-crosslinked polyethyleneimine silica based solid supports are useful strong anion exchangers for column chromatography separation and purification of proteins and have high binding capacity at high pH, the ability to bind basic proteins having high pH isoelectric points and are rapidly equilibrated and are essentially non-titratable.

Abstract: A method of preparing a novel absorption composition comprising zinc oxide, silica and a fluorine-containing acid by mixing a fluorine-containing acid with zinc oxide and silica followed by an agglomeration step. The novel composition, which can be prepared by the novel method, is utilized by contacting a fluid stream with the novel composition to remove sulfur from the fluid stream. A further embodiment of the method of preparation involves utilizing a technique for spraying a fluorine-containing acid upon a zinc oxide and silica mixture while mixing the mixture by an inclined rotating disk agglomerator.

Abstract: A scavenger composition having utility for removal of water and silicon mu-oxide impurities from chlorosilanes, such scavenger composition comprising:(a) a support; and(b) associated with the support, one or more compound(s) selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula:R.sub.a-x MCl.sub.xwherein:M is a metal selected from the group consisting of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, and potassium; the divalent metals magnesium, strontium, barium, and calcium; and the trivalent metal aluminum;R is alkyl;a is a number equal to the valency of metal M; andx is a number having a value from 0 to a, inclusive; andwherein said compound(s) of the formula R.sub.a-x MCl.sub.x have been activated for impurity-removal service by a reaction scheme selected from those of the group consisting of:(i) reaction of such compound(s) with hydrogen chloride to form a first reaction product therefrom, followed by reaction of the first reaction product with a chlorosilane of the formula:SiH.sub.4"y Cl.sub.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a fluid stream containing hydrogen sulfide by contacting the fluid stream under suitable absorbing conditions with an absorbing composition comprising zinc titanate, alumina and silica promoted with a metal selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, tungsten, molybdenum, metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table, and mixtures of any two or more thereof. An absorbing composition and a process for producing such absorbing composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Glass microbeads bearing a coating which includes at least one binding agent fixed to the glass microbeads, and which binding agent is adapted releasably to bind to a material contained within a fluid medium by a biological affinity reaction, whereby the material can be removed from the fluid medium with the glass microbeads and then stripped from the glass microbeads while leaving the at least one binding agent attached to the glass microbeads. Inventive microbeads may bear a monomolecular layer of a silane as a fixing agent for a binding agent which is selected for its biological affinity for the material to be separated.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrated and cured product of a lime-gypsum-coal ash mixture capable of constituting a high-performance desulfurizing agent, with a high yield and in a simplified manner is provided, which process comprises adding water to a mixture of lime, used desulfurizing agent and coal ash, followed by kneading the resulting mixture, then extruding the resulting kneaded material through a hole of 2 to 10 mm in diameter to obtain bullet-like materials, hydrating and curing said bullet-like materials, followed by drying.

Abstract: A chromatographic packing material is disclosed which comprises generally spherical metal oxide/hydroxide support particles comprising crystals extending radially outward from a central core region and having a shape selected from principally acicular to principally lamellar and having bonded to the surface of said metal oxide/hydroxide support particles a layer of one or more phosphorus-containing organic materials comprised of a phosphorus-containing acid group bonded to said metal oxide/hydroxide particles and an unreacted carbon-containing acid group.

Abstract: Separation resins are disclosed where silica particles are surface activated by attaching a vinyl terminated lower alkoxy silane to the silica particle and then hydrolyzing the particles. The resulting hydrolyzed particles are hydrophilic and retain at least 10 micromoles of the hydrolyzed vinyl terminated lower alkoxy silane per square centimeter of the silica. A water soluble polymer is then graft polymerized onto the activated and hydrolyzed silica particles. The large amount of hydrolyzed vinyl terminated lower alkoxy silane which remains on the silica along with the hydrophilic nature of the hydrolyzed silica produces an activated particle which is useful for graft polymerization of water soluble polymers onto the particles in large amounts not previously possible. A method for preparing the separation resins is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for use as a road base or levee fill. The composition comprises catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the size range of 1 to 200 microns and a binder the type and amount of which depend on the end use. Hydrated lime is employed as the binder in road base construction while hydrated lime, portland cement, fly ash or mixtures of fly ash and portland cement can be used in levee construction. The catalyst particles are present in amounts of 80% to 96% and the binder is present in amounts of 4% to 20%,both percentage ranges being determiend according to the dry weight of the composition.

Abstract: Highly porous ceramic material for adsorption and absorption purposes, particularly for animal litter, characterized by a porosity of 50 to 300%, preferably 200 to 250%; a water absorption capacity of 50 to 200%, preferably 100 to 150%; a pH-value in the range 5 to 9, preferably 7 to 8; a bulk density of 400 to 700 g/l; an internal surface (BET-N.sub.2) between 20 and 200 m.sup.2 /g, preferably between 80 and 150 m.sup.2 /g; which can be produced by firing a foamed mixture of clay or clays, optionally aggregate or aggregates, anionic or cationic surfactant or surfactants and deflocculant or deflocculants, process for the production thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: A catalytic converter utilizing a resilient, flexible shot-free ceramic fiber containing mounting mat for mounting a monolith within a metallic casing is disclosed. The mounting mat may be comprised of shot-free ceramic fibers alone or preferably is comprised of a composite of shot-free ceramic fibers in combination with an intumescent sheet material.

Abstract: An oxygen absorbent, namely based on a combination of an absorbent in the form of porous, precipitated silicic acid as the water carrier and which is characterized by a mixture, in which the organic substances are formed by glucose and glucose oxidase and in which the particle or pore gaps of the precipitated silicic acid and other solids are at least kept partly free from water. In order to obtain a free-flowing mixture, it is advantageous if at least 40% of the particle or pore gaps are kept free from water, said value serving as a guide value. Simultaneously use is made of calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate as absorbents or reaction accelerators. The invention also permits the use of a bag, tablet or pellets in mini containers containing this oxygen absorbent mixture for keeping food fresh.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a synthetic chabazite having a Si/Al ratio of 1.8 to 2.3 by mixing an alumina source, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, a TMA reagent at a ratio of (TMA).sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of 0.08 to 0.0001, and a silica source to form a gel, crystallizing the gel by heating at a temperature of from about 25.degree. to 150.degree. C. for at least one hour, and separating the resulting chabazite product.

Abstract: The present invention produces very stable, covalently bonded separation substrates for separations application such as liquid and gas chromatography as well as capillary zone electrophoresis. An intermediate substrate is prepared which has hydride species on the substrate surface. These hydrides preferably are further derivatized by the catalytic addition of organic compounds bearing a terminal vinyl group. The final surface modification contains closely packed, direct carbon linkages that are stable.

Abstract: A scavenger for purifying inert gas mixtures to remove Lewis acid and oxidant impurities therefrom, comprising (i) an inert inorganic support, and (ii) an active scavenging species on the support, formed by deposition thereon of an organometallic precursor and pyrolysis thereof at a selected elevated temperature. The organometallic precursor is an alkyl metal compound comprising a metal of Group IA, IIA, and/or IIIA, wherein the pyrolysis temperature may range from about 150.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., depending on the specific alkyl metal compound employed as the precursor. Also disclosed are: a corresponding method of making the scavenger; a process for purifying inert gases by contacting same with the scavenger; and a vessel containing a bed of the scavenger, useful as an apparatus for purifying inert gases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a synthetic zeolite, designated as ECR-18, having a structure similar to the mineral paulingite, a process for preparation of the zeolite, and processes for the use of such products.

Abstract: An amorphous substance obtained by mixing volcanic ash with or without added clay and water and, if necessary, a surfactant, kneading the mixture, and shaping and firing. Additives such as camphor or naphthalene may be included prior to firing for plasticity and to form pores. The resultant mixture possesses an ability to adsorb phosphorus selectively. When this substance is placed in contact with a phosphorus-containing liquid, it removes phosphorus from the liquid.

Abstract: An artificial stone wick material for a burner which comprising SiO.sub.2 7-21 weight percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 2-5 weight percent, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-3 weight percent, CaO 50-27 weight percent, MgO 0.5-3 weight percent, K.sub.2 O 0.5-3 weight percent, Na.sub.2 O 0-2 weight percent, and TiO.sub.2 0-2 weight percent, and processes for preparing the artificial stone wick from the raw materials of clay, portland cement, and zeolite are disclosed.

Abstract: Agglomerates containing oxide, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminium or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed which comprises a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon a substantially monomolecular layer of organic acid molecules. Each organic acid molecule is chemically bonded to a reactive site on the oxide/hydroxide surface through a phosphorus-containing acid group selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group and a phosphinic acid group. Each organic acid molecule also comprises an unreacted acid group oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface and selected from the class consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing composition which will not absorb appreciable amounts of oxygen from the atmosphere during formulation and handling including a mixture of an oxygen-attracting component A, an aqueous electrolyte-impregnated component B, and a water-attracting component C which has a greater affinity for water from the electrolyte-impregnated component B than the oxygen-attracting component A and a greater affinity for water vapor from the atmosphere than the oxygen-attracting component so that the aqueous electrolyte from component B cannot appreciably react with the oxygen-attracting component A to absorb oxygen from the atmosphere during the time that water-attracting component C attracts water from component B and attracts water vapor from the atmosphere. A packet with a window therein for viewing the composition to determine whether, by change of color, it has absorbed oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for removing contaminating mercury from hydrocarbon streams, gas or liquid, wherein the stream is contacted with a molecular sieve pretreated with an alkali polysulfide. The pretreatment consists of saturating the sieve with an aqueous solution of the polysulfide and subsequently drying the saturated sieve under conditions calculated to dry but not decompose the polysulfide present.

Abstract: An active material and method of making same are disclosed comprising a metal oxide/hydroxide surface having chemically bonded to reactive sites thereon, a layer of a perfluorinated organic material formed by reacting with the metal oxide/hydroxide a perfluorinated organic acid comprised of an acid group and a perfluorinated carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide surface is formed by reaction of the acid group with the metal oxide/hydroxide surface, so that the perfluorinated carbon-containing group is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface. The perfluorinated organic acid may be a perfluorinated phosphonic acid, a perfluorinated phosphinic acid, a perfluorinated carboxylic acid, or a mixture of two or more of the acids.

Abstract: There is provided by this invention a finely divided hydrated silica gel which has a specific surface area of 530 -720 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 550-650 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume of 0.9-1.5 ml/g, preferably 1.0-1.4 ml/g, a mean pore diameter of 50-120 .ANG., preferably 60-100 .ANG., a water content of 7-25% by weight, preferably 8-13% by weight (wet weight basis), and moreover the pH of which as a 5% aqueous suspension is 6.0-8.0, thereby producing a silica gel suitable for stabilization treatment of beer, and for reduction of the colloidal components in beer.

Abstract: A dense pack gas adsorbent means comprising at least one particulate gas adsorbent having a particulate size distribution in which the largest small particles are less than one-third (1/3) the size of the smallest large particle and sixty percent (60%) of the adsorbent particles having a size greater than sixty (60) mesh, said adsorbent particle oriented to provide a packing density grater than one hundred and thirty percent (130%) of the particle's apparent density.

Abstract: A method for refining a sugar liquor by cristobalite and an ion exchange resin, and a method for refining the sugar liquor by a novel ion exchange resin refining system, are disclosed. Cristobalite exhibits specific adsorbant properties for various colloidal or suspended substances, while the ion exchange resin exhibits superior decoloring and desalting properties with respect to colorants and salts. By combining refining by cristobalite and refining by the ion exchange resin, there is provided a sugar refining system whereby even non-washed sugar liquor may be refined. The ion exchange resin refining system of the present invention includes three series of adsorption towers.

Abstract: Packing materials for use in liquid chromatographic analysis are prepared by contacting a porous support, such as porous silica, with a ketal silane to form ketal blocked diol groups on the surfaces thereof. An end-capping reagent such as a trimethylsilyl reagent may be added. In addition, the ketal blocked diol groups may be further hydrolyzed to diol groups.

Abstract: A process for producing a sucrose fatty acid polyester comprises reacting sucrose with fatty acid lower alcohol ester(s) in a solvent in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, wherein said fatty acid lower alcohol ester(s) are employed in an amount at least 5 times by mol as much as said sucrose. The alkaline catalyst component is removed from the reaction product thus obtained and the obtained sucrose fatty acid polyester-containing solution is catalytically treated with activated clay. This process enables the production of a sucrose fatty acid polyester containing an extremely small amount of ash components and having an extremely low color value. The alkaline catalyst used in this process may be recovered and reused, which further makes the process of the present invention advantageous.

Abstract: A SiO.sub.2 -bound, substantially carbonate-free, calcium-containing zeolite A granulate in which the calcium content is 0.4 to 1 mole CaO/mole Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a process for the production such SiO.sub.2 -bound calcium exchanged zeolite A granulate in a CO.sub.2 -free atmosphere at temperatures of 350.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. The SiO.sub.2 -bound zeolite granulate A being useful as an adsorbent in the recovery of oxygen by the pressure change adsorption process.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing a porous inorganic material. The process comprises preparing a cellular aluminosilicate material by foaming or spray drying an aqueous suspension of the material. The cellular material is calcined, leached with hydroxide to remove silica, dewatered and dried to leave a porous, cellular ceramic material.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: A method for removing 99% of the sodium ions from a natural or industrial brine containing dissolved salts of metals of Group 1A of the periodic chart and in which brine sodium ions are not the predominant metal ions by contacting the brine at pH 11 to 12 with an ion exchanger selected from crystalline antimonic acid and polyantimonic acid, and removing from contact with the ion exchanger the brine with greater than 99% of the sodium ions removed.

Abstract: A method of making a cast hopcalite filter. The filter is formed by adding to "green" hopcalite a given weight of ceramic fibers. Additional water may also be added as required. This mixture is blended briefly in a high speed blender and then poured into a mold. Water is drained by vacuum through a filter paper in the bottom of the mold, preferably with the aid of a vacuum. The wet preform is then placed in a high temperature (600.degree. F. to 650.degree. F. ) oven for approximately 90 minutes for calcining. In this process the basic catalyst material saturates the fiber matrix before drying and transformation into its final chemical state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing an adsorbent where an expanded granular bloating mineral and calcium sulfate hemihydrate are mixed to form a granulated material where the calcium sulfate hemihydrate is converted in toto into calcium sulfate dihydrate by the addition of a surplus of water, and where the free water is removed by drying. It is desirable that the proportion of bloating mineral be reduced, that the adsorption effect be substantially retained and the hardness of the adsorbent be increased without any additives.

Abstract: The adsorbent for separation and recovery of CO is prepared by contacting an alumina or silica-alumina carrier with a mixed solution or dispersion of a cupric salt and a reducing agent in a solvent and, then, removing the solvent. The preferred cupric salt is cupric chloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a mercury collecting solid mass containing a carrier and copper, at least partly as copper sulfide, comprising the following steps of:(a) incorporating with the carrier at least one copper compound other than a sulfide,(b) optionally roasting said carrier,(c) incorporating therewith at least one organic polysulfide, and(d) thermally treating the resultant mass, in non-oxidizing atmosphere, under gas scavenging.The invention also concerns a regenerating process for a mercury recovery mass, containing a carrier, and copper, at least partly as copper sulfide, comprising incorporating with said mass, after a decrease of its mercury recovery efficiency and after removal of at least a part of its mercury content, an organic polysulfide, and finally subjecting it to a thermal treatment, in non-oxidizing atmosphere, under gas scavenging.

Abstract: A family of novel and unique synthetic alkali metal aluminosilicates (SAMS) are produced by the hydrothermal reaction between kaolin clay and alkali metal silicates. The integrated composition of the SAMS products is a unique entity having an overall composition ofxM.sub.2 O:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :ySiO.sub.2 :zH.sub.2 Owhere x is the number of moles of alkali metal oxide and is an integer from 0.01 to 2.0, M is an alkali metal, y is the number of moles of SiO.sub.2 in the unique SAMS composition, and z is the number of moles of bound water and is an integer ranging from 1.0 to 5.0. The composition essentially comprises altered kaolin clay platelets with an integral rim or protuberance of essentially amorphous alkali metal silicate-kaolin reaction product. The unique SAMS compositions are structured materials in which the structure can be controlled, and are therefore useful as functional fillers, as TiO.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of small spheroidal solid agglomerates. More particularly, the process produces strong solid spheroidal agglomerates containing alumina or a mixture of alumina and at least one other inorganic material, which process comprises:(a) mixing at high speed a portion of alumina or a mixture of alumina and at least one other inorganic material in the form of hydrophilic mircon-sized particles in a water-immiscible liquid thereby forming a dispersion;(b) gradually adding to the dispersion an aqueous acidic phase while continuing the high-speed mixing until substantially spherical micro-agglomerates form within the water-immiscible liquid;(c) subjecting the micro-agglomerates to agitation in a vessel having a hydrophobic inner surface at a speed low enough to achieve substantially uniformly sized spheroidal agglomerates;(d) drying the agglomerates to produce hardened spheroidal uniformly sized agglomerates; and(e) optionally further separating the agglomerates by size.

Abstract: A silicocalcareous mass obtained from an aqueous paste with a base of natural silica and quicklime. The mass is at least doubly stabilized by two mineral suspending agents, and reinforced by a fibrous reinforcing agent. The suspending agent comprises cellulose fibers which may be partially chemically delignified, partially mechanically delignified, or delignified by a combination of chemical and mechanical processes, introduced in an amount of from about 3 to about 30% by weight of the solids. The porous silicocalcareous masses are used for lining containers for gas storage, particularly for containers for storing acetylene gas.

Abstract: A process for adjusting at least one of the structural and surface characteristics of an oxide material, e.g. SiO.sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, by dehydration of a water-containing oxide gel under supercritical conditions by extracting the water with an extraction agent such as CO.sub.2 at a pressure above the critical pressure of the extraction agent.

Abstract: Compositions comprising carbon-based supports and containing heteropolycyclic compounds such as bipyridyl, phenanthroline or derivatives thereof are used in separation of dissolved late transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni and Cu from solutions, in particular when such solutions contain high concentrations of other dissolved metals such as Zr, Hf, La, Al and Ba. Such compositions are also used to separate late transition metals such as Pt group metals from each other.

Abstract: An active material is disclosed comprising metal oxide/hydroxide particles having chemically bonded to reactive sites on a surface thereof, a monolayer of a phosphorous-containing organic material comprised of a phosphorous-containing group and a carbon-containing group. The bond to the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface is formed by reaction of the phosphorous-containing group with the metal oxide/hydroxide particle surface, so that the carbon-containing group of the material is oriented away from the metal oxide/hydroxide surface.

Abstract: Agglomerates containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and/or basic carbonates of copper, and zinc and/or another element such as aluminum or silicon, are useful for removal of sulphur compounds from fluids, especially under non-reducing conditions. The agglomerates have surface area above 80 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1 and a calcined density below 1.5 g.cm.sup.-3. After ignition, the cupric oxide plus zinc oxide (if any) content of the agglomerates is at least 70% w/w. The proportion of the copper compound is such that the copper atoms constitute 30-97% of the total of the copper, zinc, and said other element atoms in the agglomerates.

Abstract: Antibody is removed from the blood of patients who are being treated or diagnosed with exogenous macromolecules, such as immunotoxins. As the immunotoxins are foreign antigens, the patient will develop an immune response. The antibodies produced by the immune response upon subsequent immunization with the immunotoxins will interfere with the desired function of the immunotoxins by preventing them from binding with their specific target site. By extracorporeally removing the antibodies, the activity of the immunotoxins can be enhanced.

Abstract: An agglomerate containing sodium sulfate and as layer silicate, a synthetic layer silicate which has a smectite-like crystal phase, increased contents of bound alkali metal and silicate and a distinctly reduced swelling power compared with pure smectites. The agglomerate can take up significant quantities of an additional liquid component in its pores, resulting in a free-flowing agglomerate which outwardly feels dry. This high adsorption capacity may be used, for example, to take up a liquid detergent component which may then be mixed in combination with powder-form or granular detergent components to form a free-flowing detergent composition.

Abstract: An ammonia aged silica which can be used for example, in an improved process for chillproofing a malt beverage. The silica is aged with ammonia for a prolonged period of time. Better stability with smaller amounts of silica are obtained.