Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide absorbent includes lithium silicate containing lithium orthosilicate and lithium metasilicate, the lithium metasilicate being contained in an amount of 5% by weight or more to 40% by weight or less with respect to the total amount of lithium orthosilicate and lithium metasilicate, where the lithium metasilicate produced by reaction of the lithium orthosilicate and carbon dioxide is excluded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the removal of mercury from a gas stream. The method is characterized in that at a temperature above 170° C. the gas stream is contacted with a sorbent that as the active component is comprised of a mixture of substantially silica-alumina compounds and/or calcium compounds. According to a preference, the sorbent is kaolin, that may or may not be in the dehydrated form of meta-kaolin and is optionally obtained by thermal conversion of a material chosen from paper waste or residue from the paper industry. By this method it is possible to remove mercury at temperatures higher than room temperature. The invention also relates to a method for the removal of mercury from a gas stream, wherein the gas stream is contacted with a sorbent at a temperature above 50° C., which sorbent comprises as active substance a mixture of substantially silica-alumina compounds and/or calcium compounds, as well as with an oxidator.

Abstract: A process for making a granular sorbent to capture carbon dioxide from gas streams comprising homogeneously mixing an alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali titanate, alkali zirconate, alkali silicate and combinations thereof with a binder selected from the group consisting of sodium ortho silicate, calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), alkali silicates, calcium aluminate, bentonite, inorganic clays and organic clays and combinations thereof and water; drying the mixture and placing the sorbent in a container permeable to a gas stream.

Abstract: A removing agent for heavy metal ion in water which comprises synthetic zeolite, wherein 10 mol % or more of a total amount of exchangeable cation is substituted with magnesium ion and 60 mol % or more thereof is substituted with magnesium ion and calcium ion, and activated carbon at a weight ratio of 2:98 to 50:50 can effectively adsorb and remove heavy metal ions such as lead in water as well as residual chlorine and trihalomethane efficiently, particularly, in tap water, so as to allow delicious and healthful water without disturbing the balance between calcium ion and magnesium ion.

Abstract: A lithium exchanged zeolite X adsorbent blend with improved performance characteristics produced by preparing a zeolite X, preparing a binder which includes highly dispersed attapulgite fibers wherein the tapped bulk density of the highly dispersed attapulgite fibers measured according to DIN/ISO 787 is more than about 550 g/ml, mixing the zeolite X with the binder to form a mixture, forming the mixture into a shaped material, ion exchanging the zeolite X at least 75% with lithium ions, and calcining the shaped material.

Abstract: The invention relates to Group 1 metal/silica gel compositions comprising silica gel and an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The compositions of the inventions are described as Stage 0, I, II, and III materials. These materials differ in their preparation and chemical reactivity. Each successive stage may be prepared directly using the methods described below or from an earlier stage material. Stage 0 materials may, for example, be prepared using liquid alloys of Na and K which are rapidly absorbed by silica gel (porous SiO2) under isothermal conditions, preferably at or just above room temperature, to form loose black powders that retain much of the reducing ability of the parent metals. When the low melting Group 1 metals are absorbed into the silica gel, a mild exothermic reaction produces Stage I material, loose black powders that are indefinitely stable in dry air. Subsequent heating to 400° C. produces Stage II materials, which are also loose black powders. Further heating above 400° C.

Abstract: Divalent and trivalent metal salts are added to the solution containing the fluorine compound to precipitate the layered double hydroxide containing the fluorine compound between layers. By these processes, the fluorine compound can be fixed with high rate. Moreover, if necessary, the precipitated layered double hydroxide can be recovered to separate the fluorine compound or its salt between layers. Therefore, the burden to environment or the ecosystem by the fluorine compound can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the removal of mercury from a gas stream. The method is characterized in that at a temperature above 170° C. the gas stream is contacted with a sorbent that as the active component is comprised of a mixture of substantially silica-alumina compounds and/or calcium compounds. According to a preference, the sorbent is kaolin, that may or may not be in the dehydrated form of meta-kaolin and is optionally obtained by thermal conversion of a material chosen from paper waste or residue from the paper industry. By this method it is possible to remove mercury at temperatures higher than room temperature. The invention also relates to a method for the removal of mercury from a gas stream, wherein the gas stream is contacted with a sorbent at a temperature above 50° C., which sorbent comprises as active substance a mixture of substantially silica-alumina compounds and/or calcium compounds, as well as with an oxidator.

Abstract: Microspheroidal particles, suitable as fluidized bed catalyst supports, are prepared by incorporating a portion of small, preferably recycled, particles into a slurry of inorganic oxide sol and inorganic particles which is spray dried to form microspheroidal particles.

Abstract: A sorbent material is provided comprising a material reactive with sulfur, a binder unreactive with sulfur and an inert material, wherein the sorbent absorbs the sulfur at temperatures between 30 and 200° C. Sulfur absorption capacity as high as 22 weight percent has been observed with these materials.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas treatment agent characterized in that it comprises calcium silicate hydrate particles having a mean particle diameter of 0.2 to 4 &mgr;m and a specific surface area of not less than 60 m2/g and calcium hydroxide particles having a mean particle diameter of not more than 4 &mgr;m and the content of calcium hydroxide particles in both particle components is within the range of 20 to 60% by weight; a method of producing the exhaust gas treatment agent; and a process for the treatment of exhaust gases and soot and dust which uses the exhaust gas treatment agent.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon dioxide gas absorbent, which includes at least one compound selected from the group including sodium silicate, potassium silicate, and a combination thereof; and lithium silicate. Another embodiment of the present invention provides A carbon dioxide gas absorbent, which includes at least one compound selected from the group including sodium-based anhydrous water glass, potassium-based anhydrous water glass, and a combination thereof; and lithium silicate. The present invention also provides for methods of making the absorbents and methods of using same.

Abstract: An improved animal litter with granules having high hardness coupled with high absorbency, thereby rendering the animal litter long lasting and durable, dust and odor free, easy to clean and maintain, and inexpensive in contrast to conventional animal litters. The improved animal litter is a composition comprising granules having calcium bentonite clay, illite clay, and/or kaolinite clay. A method of fabricating the improved animal litter includes the step of providing a composition comprising granules having calcium bentonite clay, illite clay, and/or kaolinite clay. Additional steps may also be included, namely: crushing the composition; screening the composition; kilning the composition; and washing the composition.

Abstract: Applicant has developed an improved adsorbent useful in removing contaminants from various hydrocarbon streams. The adsorbent contains a zeolite, an alumina and a metal component. The metal component (Madd) is present in an amount at least 10 mole % the stoichiometric amount of metal (M) (expressed as the oxide) needed to balance the negative charge of the zeolite lattice. In a specific application an adsorbent comprising zeolite X, alumina and sodium is used to purify an ethylene stream in order to remove CO2, H2S, methanol, and other S— and O— containing compounds.

Abstract: A sorbent composition comprising a support, a promoter, and a silicate can be used to desulfurize a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked-gasoline or diesel fuel.

Abstract: A desiccant composition and a method for making the desiccant composition. The dessicant composition includes an absorbent such as calcium chloride or lithium chloride which is impregnated onto a highly porous support such as activated carbon that has well controlled porosity characteristics. The material is particularly useful for absorbing high levels of water.

Abstract: A new method for making low-cost CO2 sorbents that can be used in large-scale gas-solid processes. The new method entails treating a solid substrate with acid or base and simultaneous or subsequent treatment with a substituted amine salt. The method eliminates the need for organic solvents and polymeric materials for the preparation of CO2 capture systems.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing and activating monolith adsorbents is disclosed. A regeneration gas is passed through the formed monolith adsorbent at a temperature sufficient to decompose at least part of the binding agents in the adsorbent. The present invention also provides for the use of the treated adsorbent monoliths in separating gases in cyclical separation processes such as vacuum swing adsorption processes.

Abstract: A sorbent material is provided comprising a material reactive with sulfur, a binder unreactive with sulfur and an inert material, wherein the sorbent absorbs the sulfur at temperatures between 30 and 200° C. Sulfur absorption capacity as high as 22 weight percent has been observed with these materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon dioxide gas absorbent containing lithium silicate reacting with a carbon dioxide gas to form lithium carbonate and represented by the general formula, LixSiyOz, where x, y, z are integers meeting the requirement of x+4y−2z=0. The lithium content x in the general formula should desirably be at least 4.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sorbent composition having an attrition-resistant coating suitable for use in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing fluid streams. Also disclosed is a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing fluid streams and a sorbent composition suitable for use in such process.

Abstract: A process for purifying a fluid stream contaminated with carbon dioxide is provided which comprises contacting, under conditions sufficient to substantially remove the contaminated carbon dioxide from the fluid stream which contains at least one C2-C5 olefin such as ethylene or propylene, with A mixture containing an oxygen-containing metal compound such as, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide, and an inorganic oxide compound such as, for example, silica or alumina.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases includes a support including at le one composite selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 composites, an NO.sub.x adsorbent including at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals and rare-earth elements and loaded on the support, and a noble metal catalyst ingredient loaded on the support. The composites constituting the support improve initial NO.sub.x conversion of the catalyst, but also inhibit NO.sub.x purifying performance thereof from degrading even after a durability test.

Abstract: A method of separating ultra-fine particulates from an aqueous suspension such as a process stream or a waste stream. The method involves the addition of alkali silicate and an organic gelling agent to a volume of liquid, from the respective process or waste stream, to form a gel. The gel then undergoes syneresis to remove water and soluble salts from the gel containing the particulates, thus, forming a silica monolith. The silica monolith is then sintered to form a hard, nonporous waste form.

Abstract: Procedure for the preparation of a solid carrier for olefin polymerization catalysts, comprising the steps:a) impregnating a silica with Mg-chloride solubilized in ethylbenzoate, in the presence of further electron donors,b) optionally drying the impregnated silica obtained in (a) and impregnating it with a solution of Mg-alkyls in SiCl.sub.4 at a temperature from -10 to 20.degree. C. and subsequently treating the obtained slurry at a temperature from 40.degree. C. to reflux temperature, optionally adding a further amount of electron donors,c) drying the obtained carrier.The carrier which is obtained according to the above procedure is advantageously used for the preparation of supported catalysts for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A method for converting starting material to olefins comprising contacting the starting material with a small pore non-zeolitic molecular sieve catalyst under effective conditions to produce olefins, wherein the non-zeolitic molecular sieve has been prepared in-situ or modified after synthesis by incorporation using an alkaline earth metal compound, wherein the alkaline earth metal ion is selected from the group consisting of strontium, calcium, barium, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling microbial growth on a material. The method includes applying to the material an antimicrobial agent including colloid particles having an ion exchange capacity and having attached a quantity of one or more ligands with antimicrobial properties where the quantity of ligand attached to the colloid particles is in excess of 125% and up to 200% of the ion exchange capacity of the colloid particles. The present invention also relates to a method of controlling microbial growth in a material, as well as to an antimicrobial surface, an antimicrobial material, and an antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyst composition comprising a non-zeolitic molecular sieve and one or more alkaline earth metals selected from the group consisting of strontium, calcium, barium, and mixtures thereof, wherein said non-zeolitic molecular sieve has a pore diameter size of less than about 5 Angstroms.

Abstract: A method for making an activated carbon-supported catalyst involves providing an inorganic support having a continuous coating of activated carbon, activated carbon being derived from a synthetic carbon precursor, introducing a catalyst precursor into the pore structure of the activated carbon, and thermally treating the catalyst precursor to form an activated carbon-supported catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for preparing N-alkenylcarboxamides by dehydration of N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)carboxamides and/or diethers thereof in the presence of a catalyst, molecular sieves, in particular zeolites, are used as catalyst.

Abstract: Chiral stationary phases perform well when the underlying support for the chiral organic material is coated onto a silica pore widened by a hydrothermal treatment. The resulting silica is amorphous with a unimodal distribution of large pores. A variety of chiral stationary phases perform well and are distinguished, inter alia, by the treatment, if any, prior to coating the chiral organic material.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex. The process includes oxidizing a sorbent precursor and contacting the sorbent precursor with a metallic species. The process further includes chemically reacting the sorbent precursor and the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. In one particular aspect of the invention, at least a portion of the sorbent precursor is transformed into sorbent particles during the oxidation step. These sorbent particles then are contacted with the metallic species and chemically reacted with the metallic species, thereby forming a sorbent-metal complex. Another aspect of the invention is directed to a process for forming a sorbent-metal complex in a combustion system. The process includes introducing a sorbent precursor into a combustion system and subjecting the sorbent precursor to an elevated temperature sufficient to oxidize the sorbent precursor and transform the sorbent precursor into sorbent particles.

Abstract: Treatment compositions and a method are provided for the removal of a plurality of heavy metals and radioactive isotopes from wastewater. The treatment compositions comprise an alkali; adsorbents, such as montmorillonite and illite clays; catalysts, such as polyelectrolytes and sodium carbonate; one or more flocculants, such as a metal salt and calcium hydroxide; zirconium as a chelating and complexing agent; and boron as a neutron absorbent. The selected composition is introduced into and mixed with the wastewater, which is then filtered to produce a sludge containing the contaminants.

Abstract: Pellets for removing hydrogen sulfide from a coal gasification stream at an elevated temperature are prepared in durable form, usable over repeated cycles of absorption and regeneration. The pellets include a material reactive with hydrogen sulfide, in particular zinc oxide, a binder, and an inert material, in particular calcium sulfate (drierite), having a particle size substantially larger than other components of the pellets. A second inert material and a promoter may also be included. Preparation of the pellets may be carried out by dry, solid-state mixing of components, moistening the mixture, and agglomerating it into pellets, followed by drying and calcining. Pellet size is selected, depending on the type of reaction bed for which the pellets are intended. The use of inert material with a large particle size provides a stable pellet structure with increased porosity, enabling effective gas contact and prolonged mechanical durability.

Abstract: Extruded pellets comprising a majority of activated carbon particles and an inorganic binder are disclosed to provide improved performance when processed through tumbling equipment while the pellets are in their "green" state (i.e., pellets which are fresh off the extruder and contain activated carbon), binder material, and water and have not been subjected to any thermal processing (drying or calcining). The tumbling action both smooths and densifies (i.e., reduces interparticle voids within) the pellet, thereby closing any cracks and greatly improving appearance. Improved performance results from an ability to increase the weight of carbon pellets which can be packed into a fixed volume and thereby increase the volumetric working capacity of the bed for adsorbing/desorbing vapors. Another benefit is to greatly reduce the levels of dust associated with the carbon, both the initial dust and the dust attrition.

Abstract: An agent for recovering heavy metal cations from an aqueous effluent, including a silicate or aluminosilicate type compound, e.g. an alkali metal silicate or aluminosilicate, and a carbonate type compound, e.g. an alkali metal carbonate, and preferably a carrier such as a lay. The agent may also form a cation stabilizer. Said agent is useful for removing or stabilizing heavy metal cations in the water used for cleaning flue gases from waste incineration, particularly household refuse and industrial waste incineration.

Abstract: Siliceous oxides having a combination of low total volatiles content and basic pH are useful as odor control agents in organic resin systems, especially polyolefin-based systems. These modified siliceous oxides advantageously reduce odor and off-trade while minimizing discoloration of the resin. The adsorbents are especially useful for resin systems containing fatty acid amide slip aids.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a collapsed composition is described in which the manufactured composition is substantially composed of microcrystallites collectively of the formula: ##EQU1## where M.sup.2+ is a divalent metal, M.sup.3+ is a trivalent metal, and T is vanadium, tungsten, or molybdenum.The microcrystallites are so small as to be undetectable through conventional x-ray diffraction techniques, yet high resolution electron microscopy reveals that a substantial portion of the microcrystallites are composed of a solid solution having aluminum oxide molecularly dispersed in a divalent metal monoxide crystal structure. Another portion of the microcrystallites are constituted by a spinel phase. The collapsed composition is suitable as a sulfur oxide absorbent, having comparatively high capacity and comparatively fast absorption and desorption rates, and is also suitable as a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the ecological usage of acid effluents. Also disclosed is a sorption agent which is characterized in that an acid effluent, created from the production of fullers earth which contains as main ingredients Fe.sup.2+/3+ -, Al.sup.3+ -, Ca.sup.2+ - and Mg.sup.2+ cations and inorganic anions, is reacted with an alkali silicate. The resultant precipitate is separated in an aqueous phase and, when necessary, purified and dried. The sorption agent can be used for the bleaching of oils or for the removal of soaps, phospholipids and heavy metals from oils, specifically edible oils.

Abstract: A sorbent composition is provided comprising: (a) a zinc component; (b) a colloidal oxide component; and (c) a metal oxide component. This sorbent composition can be subjected to a steaming treatment that improves its sulfur loading capability.

Abstract: The porous granular material according to the invention comprises carbon, silica, water-soluble mineral salts and water-insoluble mineral salts, does not disintegrate in the presence of water and has a particle size of approximately 1 to 5 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, in particular from 1 to 2 mm; a crushing strength, or mechanical strength, in the range of 0.75 to 1 MPa; a density of between 0.7 and 0.8; a BET specific surface area of between 100 and 200 m.sup.2 /g; a microporous volume of between 0.25 and 1 cm.sup.3 /g; and a carbon content of 8 to 11 weight %, the balance being essentially made up by a mineral matrix of base nature, comprising a crystalline phase of insoluble aluminosilicates.Application, in particular, to the purification of liquids, as a catalyst in oxidation reactions and in the manufacture of composite catalysts, in particular in petrochemistry.

Abstract: Pellets for removing hydrogen sulfide from a coal gasification stream at an elevated temperature are prepared in durable form usable over repeated cycles of absorption and regeneration. The pellets include a material reactive with hydrogen sulfide, in particular zinc oxide, a binder, and an inert material, in particular calcium sulfate (drierite), having a particle size substantially larger than other components of the pellets. A second inert material and a promoter may also be included. Preparation of the pellets may be carried out by dry, solid-state mixing of components, moistening the mixture, and agglomerating it into pellets, followed by drying and calcining. Pellet size is selected, depending on the type of reaction bed for which the pellets are intended. The use of inert material with a large particle size provides a stable pellet structure with increased porosity, enabling effective gas contact and prolonged mechanical durability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified glass fiber membranes which exhibit sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the membrane. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the modified glass fiber membrane. Preferred modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention include glass fiber membranes that have been modified by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), BCl.sub.3, SiCl.sub.4, NaOH, F.sup.-, AlCl.sub.3 alone or in combination, with or without water. The modified glass fiber membranes of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components.

Abstract: An improved moisture absorbing amorphous silicate material formed by the steps of: parboiling rice under 22 psi and at a temperature above 212 degrees F. to force bran into the rice grain and dissolve cellulose from the rice hulls creating voids in the rice hulls; drying the parboiled rice; milling the parboiled rice into grain, bran, and broken rice hulls; separating the broken rice hulls from the grain and bran; and burning the broken rice hulls at high temperatures to produce a skeletal residue of amorphous silicate material. Several uses of the amorphous silicate material are disclosed.

Abstract: Durable zinc-oxide containing sorbent pellets for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream at an elevated temperature are made up to contain titania as a diluent, high-surface-area silica gel, and a binder. These materials are mixed, moistened, and formed into pellets, which are then dried and calcined. The resulting pellets undergo repeated cycles of sulfidation and regeneration without loss of reactivity and without mechanical degradation. Regeneration of the pellets is carried out by contacting the bed with an oxidizing gas mixture.