Abstract: A fiber is made with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer with a phosphoric acid pick-up (APU) in the range of 1-25% (PBI-p fiber). The PBI-p fiber may have a LOI ?50% and/or an initial thermal decomposition temperature in air of ?555° C. A method of making a phosphonated polybenzimidazole fiber comprises the steps of: spinning an untreated PBI resin into a PBI fiber; treating the PBI fiber with phosphoric acid, and thereby obtaining a PBI fiber with 1-25 wt. % phosphoric acid APU.

Abstract: The present description provides adsorbent compositions and materials, and systems comprising the same that provide low DBL bleed emission performance. The described materials provide unexpected production advantages as compared to currently available materials.

Abstract: The present application is generally directed to gas storage materials such as activated carbon comprising enhanced gas adsorption properties. The gas storage materials find utility in any number of gas storage applications. Methods for making the gas storage materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a corrosion-resistant, reactive adsorbent which is made up of element iron on a carbon carrier plus sulfur and additional phosphorus as well as a method for producing this reactive adsorbent and use thereof for removal of reductively degradable pollutants in contaminated groundwater and wastewater.

Abstract: A method for producing an amorphous activated carbon material includes heating a carbon precursor to a temperature effective to form a partially-dense amorphous carbon, and activating the partially-dense amorphous carbon to produce an amorphous activated carbon. To facilitate efficient activation of the amorphous carbon, the carbonization is controlled to produce an amorphous carbon material that, prior to activation, has a density of from 85% to 99% of a maximum density for the amorphous carbon.

Abstract: A method of producing an activated carbon, comprising selecting a raw material for direct-activation, applying a solution of at least 50% phosphoric acid by weight at a ratio of from 0.01 pounds to 0.3 pounds of phosphoric acid solution per pound to the raw material selected for direct activation to produce a phosphoric acid treated raw material, and direct-activating the phosphoric acid treated raw material via a gas activation process to produce an activated carbon.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a chemically activated carbon, based on a combination of wood particles and comminuted carbonaceous vegetable material selected from kernel or shell material, in a weight ratio of between 5-95 to 90-10, preferably between 15-85 and 90-10, further optionally containing a binder, said carbon having been chemically activated using phosphoric acid or zinc chloride and to a process for producing same.

Abstract: Enhanced methods for preparing activated carbons have been discovered. In order to form an activated carbon, a carbon precursor material is coated with a phosphorus based chemical solution and physically activated. An activated carbon may also be formed by coating a green carbon precursor with a chemical solution that chemically reacts with carbon, carbonizing the resulting material, and physically activating the material during at least a portion of the carbonizing step. An activated carbon may also be formed by milling a carbon material to a predetermined particle size, then activating the milled particles. In another enhancement, an activated carbon is formed by coating a carbon or carbon precursor with nanoparticles, carbonizing if the carbon is a carbon precursor, then catalytically activating in air and an inert gas, and physically activating in steam or carbon dioxide. An activated carbon may also be formed by physically activating a previously chemically activated carbon.

Abstract: A method for producing a low oxygen content activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form an aqueous mixture, heating the aqueous mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce a second carbon material, and heating the second carbon material in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form the low oxygen content activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: Activated carbon materials and methods of producing and using activated carbon materials are provided. In particular, biomass-derived activated carbon materials and processes of producing the activated carbon materials with prespecified surface areas and pore size distributions are provided. Activated carbon materials with preselected high specific surface areas, porosities, sub-nm (<1 nm) pore volumes, and supra-nm (1-5 nm) pore volumes may be achieved by controlling the degree of carbon consumption and metallic potassium intercalation into the carbon lattice during the activation process.

Abstract: A new class of carbon-based sorbents for vapor-phase mercury removal is disclosed in this invention. The optimum structure of the sorbent particles, and a method to produce the sorbent, are described. The sorbent is based on carbon particles with a metal-oxide coating on the surface. The thin metal-oxide layer acts as a barrier for the adsorption of Air Entrainment Admixture (AEA), the component used to stabilize bubbles in cement), thereby enhancing its concrete friendliness. The metal-oxide is coated on the surface of carbon, using a solution-based method. The metal-oxide coated carbon was further modified with sulfur molecules, to increase its mercury removal capacity.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A method for producing a low oxygen content activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form an aqueous mixture, heating the aqueous mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce a second carbon material, and heating the second carbon material in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form the low oxygen content activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid heating element and a method for production thereof, and more particularly a solid ingredient A, a liquid ingredient B produced from the solid ingredient A, a liquid heating element produced from the liquid ingredient B and a method for producing the liquid heating element. The solid ingredient is produced by heating activated carbon, kaolin, copper sulfide and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to a temperature ranging from 1,000 to 1,200° C. The liquid ingredient H is produced by mixing the solid ingredient A with silicon powder and distilled water and heating the mixture. The liquid heating element is produced by mixing the liquid ingredient B with ethylene glycol, leaving the mixture and then filtering the mixture. Since the liquid heating element is very stable and generates heat with minimum power consumption, it can be applied to various heat management systems.

Abstract: A method of producing activated carbon fibers (ACFs) includes the steps of providing a natural carbonaceous precursor fiber material, blending the carbonaceous precursor material with a chemical activation agent to form chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers, spinning the chemical agent-impregnated precursor material into fibers, and thermally treating the chemical agent-impregnated precursor fibers. The carbonaceous precursor material is both carbonized and activated to form ACFs in a single step. The method produces ACFs exclusive of a step to isolate an intermediate carbon fiber.

Abstract: A method for treating saturated activated coke comprises the following steps: A) The saturated activated coke is subjected to a dehydration treatment so that the water content in the activated coke is ?25%; B) The product obtained from step A is dried at a starting temperature of 120° C.-150° C.; C) The product obtained from step B is subjected to dry distillation and the condition of the dry distillation is that: by heating to a final temperature for the drying of 500° C.-600° C. at a speed of 4° C.-10° C./min and maintaining for 10-60 minutes, the organics adsorbed on the surface and in the pores of the activated coke is cracked, volatilized and carbonized; D) The product obtained from step C is activated and the activation condition is that: after heating to 800° C.-950° C. at 2° C.-8° C./min, a stream is supplied, wherein the weight ratio of the activated coke to the stream is 1:0.5-5 and the activation time is 0.5-2 h. The activated coke after several times of treatment can be used as the fuel.

Abstract: A formed activated carbon has a Kiya crushing strength of 1 kg or more and a specific heat of 0.4 J/K·cc or more at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activated carbon produced by a process, which includes: activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a filter, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a shaped article, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing activated carbon, which includes activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid, to obtain the activated carbon.

Abstract: A new shaped activated carbon and the method of its manufacture are disclosed. The invention resides in the crosslinking of a polymeric cellulose, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), within the carbon bodies after they are shaped, employing the CMC as a binder for the activated carbon. The approach to attain product mechanical strength and water stability by crosslinking rather than high temperature heat treatment is not obvious from the prior art teaching. The crosslinking reaction occurs at temperatures below 270° C. In addition, this new binder technology produces shaped carbon bodies having key properties beyond the best level that has been accomplished with other binders.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for adsorbing and desorbing oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium which is super-stoichiometric in oxidizing agents, which can desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature, with respect to an adsorption temperature, the structure of the materials being composed of phosphate tetrahedra and containing at least one element (A) from groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, IVA, optionally at least one element (B) selected from the group formed by alkali elements IA, alkaline-earth elements IIA, rare earths IIIB and transition metals, and optionally at least one metal (C) selected from the group formed by the precious metals of the platinum family (group VIII). These materials are insensitive to the oxides of sulphur and carbon contained in the gas.

Abstract: An activated carbon which is prepared from granular isotropic pitch.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a phosphorus treated activated carbon composition suitable for use as a catalyst support, a catalyst, and an adsorbent. The invention method involves treating (e., mixing or impregnating) an activated carbon material having a surface area greater than 100 m2/g with a phosphorus-containing compound, drying, and heating to a temperature of from 450° C. to about 1200° C., wherein the resulting composition is characterized by a phosphorus compound combined with the carbon in an amount of from above 2.5% to about 10% phosphorus, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: An activated carbon and method of producing and using same. Pecan hulls are fractured to produce a particle size of less than a predetermined size (e.g., 75 microns), chemically activated in an acid solution, carbonized, and washed.

Abstract: An activated carbon body and method of making the body which involves providing an inorganic substrate, thermosetting resin, and an adsorption enhancing additive which can be sulfur and/or oil which is non-miscible with and non-reactive with the carbon precursor, contacting the inorganic substrate with the carbon precursor and the adsorption enhancing additive to coat the substrate therewith, curing and carbonizing the carbon precursor, and activating the carbon to produce a coating of activated carbon on the substrate and form the activated carbon body. Another method involves forming a mixture of thermosetting resin, adsorption enhancing additive, which can be sulfur, phosphoric acid, and/or the oil, temporary organic binder, optional forming aid, and fillers, shaping the mixture into a body, followed by curing, carbonizing, and activating to produce a shaped body of activated carbon. When sulfur is utilized, a sulfur-carbon bond forms that is characterized by a peak at 165.

Abstract: A general stochastic method for synthesizing random oligomers can be used to synthesize compounds to screen for desired properties. The use of identification tags on the oligomers facilitates identification of oligomers with desired properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high energy density double layer energy storage devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high power density double layer energy storage devices.

Abstract: A process for further chemical activation of activated carbon is disclosed comprising activation of an active carbon precursor material with a potassium hydroxide solution, pre-drying the blend to 5% to 15% moisture content, activating this blend at from about 650.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from about 8.ANG. to 20.ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20.ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50.ANG. in width.

Abstract: A highly microporous activated carbon is disclosed which is prepared by activation of an active carbon precursor material with a potassium hydroxide solution, pre-drying the blend to below 25% moisture content, activating this blend at from about 650.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product and which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from above 8 .ANG. to 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for storing gaseous hydrocarbon fuel in storage containers under relatively low pressure by including in the cylinders highly microporous carbons prepared by further chemical activation of activated carbon comprising activation an active carbon precursor material with an alkali solution, predrying the blend to below about 25% moisture content, heat treating this blend at from about 652.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from above 8 .ANG. to 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: An improved method of manufacturing hard activated carbon pellets is disclosed in which a lignocellulose material is chemically activated to form a char and heated to a temperature above about 360.degree. C. which char is ground and then agglomerated in a pin mixer followed by pelleting the agglomerated acid char in the presence of an activatable binder. The pelleted hard activated carbon is then subjected to a final heat activation to yield a product with high density and activity.

Abstract: A two-stage process for chemical activation of lignocellulose-derived carbon is disclosed comprising a first activation stage of blending a lignocellulose material with phosphoric acid, carbonizing the blend at from about 300.degree. F. to about 1,100.degree. F. (about 150.degree.-590.degree. C.), and water washing the carbonized material and a second activation stage of blending the carbonized material with a potassium hydroxide solution, activating this blend at from about 1,200.degree. to about 1,800.degree. F. (about 650.degree.-980.degree. C.), and water washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 16 .ANG. in width and greater than 80% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: A process for preparing activated charcoal having a high surface area is described, including a thermal treatment, in the presence of phosphoric acid, of regenerated humic acids.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hard pelleted activated carbon is disclosed in which pellets are first formed by agglomeration in a pin mixer followed by pelleting the plasticized acid char (without the use of additional binders), and then activating the carbon pellets to yield a product with high density and activity.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. A novel process is disclosed for producing the carbon.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. An improved process is disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore volume size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. An agglomeration process is disclosed for producing the carbon.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. Alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.

Abstract: Carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. The carbon is particularly suited for application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic carbonaceous material is activated to produce a high activity, high density gas-phase activated carbon under conditions which effectively alter the particle pore size distribution to optimize the carbon's mesoporosity. Alternative processes are disclosed for producing the carbon, as are its application in emission control for vehicles.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing fibrous or film type activated carbon including the steps of carbonizing a cellulosic material and activating the resulting carbon, each stop occurring at a temperature between 200.degree. C. and 1100.degree. C. in an oxidation-suppressing atmosphere, in which, prior to activation, the cellulosic material or carbon is impregnated with at least one boron-containing compound and at least one phosphorus-containing compound. This impregnation treatment greatly increases the activation rate, so reducing the activation time and therefore energy costs. Higher levels of production of fibrous activated carbons can thus be achieved.

Abstract: There is described a method of producing activated carbon using the phosphoric acid activation process. The starting material employed is a young carbonaceous vegetable product which is comminuted to form particles having a very small particle size. The particles are then treated with phosphoric acid and carbonized to produce activated carbon. The starting materials are selected to have a concentration of natural binding agent greater than 30% by weight.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing active carbon, characterized by activating meso-carbon microbeads derived from coal-type pitch and the active carbon prepared by the process.

Abstract: Process for producing activated carbon, preferably high surface area activated carbon, from inexpensive cellulosic precursors, such as paper, by pretreating the cellulosic precursor with an activating agent, such as phosphoric acid, followed by carbonization in an inert atmosphere at an elevated temperature to produce activated carbon. The activated carbon can be further activated to increase its surface area by heating it in an oxidizing atmosphere at an elevated temperature to yield activated carbon having a surface area of at least 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A chemically activated shaped carbon suitable for adsorbing and desorbing hydrophobic organic compounds and having the specific properties in bulk density, pore volume, bulk density x pore volume, surface area, bulk density x surface area, mean pore size and the effective amount of adsorption of butane, a process for producing thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a phosphate adsorbent comprising an MgO-TiO.sub.2 complex as an active ingredient and a phosphate adsorbent having said complex deposited on active carbons. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the MgO/TiO.sub.2 molar ratio in the complex is in the range of 99.99/0.01 to 80/20, the specific surface area of the adsorbent as measured by BET method is in the range of 50 to 700 m.sup.2 /g. and the absorbent shows a crystal diffraction pattern of MgO in powder X-ray diffractometry. The phosphate adsorbent according to the present invention is useful as an antihyperphosphoremial agent, an adsorbent for hemoperfusion and a therapeutical agent for renal diseases.

Abstract: Activated carbon is produced by an improved process which comprises subjecting a mash comprising carbon-containing combustibles, phosphoric acid and water to a rapid thermal pretreatment at temperatures of from 80.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of steam and oxygen followed by activation at temperatures of from 250.degree. to 550.degree. C. for no more than 30 minutes.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a molecular sieve comprising a carbonaceous substrate selected from the group consisting of molecular sieve carbon, calcined coconut char, oxidized and devolatilized agglomerated coal, calcined agglomerated coal and calcined agglomerated coconut char, impregnated with an organic polymer having a molecular weight of at least 400, as determined by vapor phase osmometry, or with an inorganic polymer at a dosage of at least 0.001 weight percent (based on the substrate weight) up to a maximum dosage which still allows the resulting sieve to separate gas or liquid mixtures containing components of at least two different molecular diameters, molecular weights or molecular shapes.The instant invention is also directed to a process for preparing the molecular sieve and to a process for using it to separate gas or liquid mixtures.