Abstract: Heterogeneous nanowires having a core-shell structure consisting of single-crystal apatite as the core and graphitic layers as the shell and a synthesis method thereof are provided. More specifically, provided is a method capable of producing large amounts of heterogeneous nanowires, composed of graphitic shells and apatite cores, in a reproducible manner, by preparing a substrate including an element corresponding to X of X5(YO4)3Z is a chemical formula for apatite, adding to the substrate a gaseous source containing an element corresponding to Y of the chemical formula, adding thereto a gaseous carbon source, and allowing these reactants to react under optimized synthesis conditions using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and to a method capable of freely controlling the structure and size of the heterogeneous nanowires and also to heterogeneous nanowires synthesized thereby.

Abstract: The carrier of the present invention includes at least 85 wt percent alpha alumina, at least 0.06 wt percent SiO2 and no more than 0.04 wt percent Na2O. The carrier has a water absorption no greater than 0.35 g/g and a ratio of water absorption (g/g) to surface area (m2/g) no greater than 0.50 g/m2. Another aspect of the invention is a catalyst for the epoxidation of olefins which comprises the above described carrier and silver dispersed thereon, where the carrier has a monomodal, bimodal or multimodal pore distribution and where the quantity of silver is between 5 and 50 wt %, relative to the weight of the catalyst. A reactor to system for the epoxidation of olefins is also disclosed.

Abstract: An inlet face for an aftertreatment device that prevents and/or eliminates face-plugging for a passageway where the inlet face is disposed. The inlet face includes a particular end surface disposed on an outer surface at the end of a substrate. The end surface includes at least one of a three-dimensional topographical configuration disposed at the end of the substrate, a chemical coating applied on the end of the substrate, or both a three-dimensional topographical configuration disposed on the end of the substrate and a chemical coating applied on the three-dimensional topographical configuration. As one example, the inlet face can be helpful in preventing carbonaceous fouling, which can result from engine exhaust material, such as carbon soot and other engine exhaust by-products.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a ceramic block including honeycomb fired bodies. The honeycomb fired bodies include an assembly including a plurality of substantially quadrangular-cross-section units which are combined with one another with an adhesive layer interposed between the plurality of substantially quadrangular-cross-section units. A peripheral face of the assembly of substantially quadrangular-cross-section units has a concave portion and a convex portion formed in a substantially step-shaped pattern. At least one substantially triangular-cross-section unit has an outer wall on a periphery portion of the at least one substantially triangular-cross-section unit. The at least one substantially triangular-cross-section unit is fit in the concave portion with the adhesive layer interposed between the at least one substantially triangular-cross-section unit and the concave portion. A sealing material layer is provided on a peripheral face of the ceramic block.

Abstract: The present invention provides porous body precursors and shaped porous bodies. Also included are catalysts and other end-use products based upon the shaped porous bodies and thus the porous body precursors. Finally, processes for making these are provided. The porous body precursors comprise a precursor alumina blend capable of enhancing one or more properties of a shaped porous body based thereupon. The need to employ modifiers to achieve a similar result may thus be substantially reduced, or even avoided, and cost savings are thus provided, as well as savings in time and equipment costs.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst (1) of the present invention includes anchor/promoter simultaneous enclosure particles (5) including catalyst units (13) which contain: noble metal particles (8); and anchor particles (9) as an anchor material of the noble metal particles (8) supporting the noble metal particles (8); promoter units (14) which are provided not in contact with the noble metal particles (8) and contain first promoter particles (11) having an oxygen storage and release capacity; and an enclosure material (12) which encloses both the catalyst units (13) and the promoter units (14), and separates the noble metal particles (8) and the anchor particles (9) in the catalyst units (13) from the first promoter particles (11) in the promoter units (14). The exhaust gas purifying catalyst (1) further includes second promoter particles (6) which have the oxygen storage and release capacity, and are not enclosed in the anchor/promoter simultaneous enclosure particles (5) by the enclosure material (12).

Abstract: A supported platinum catalyst comprising an open-pored support material and platinum of oxidation state 0, wherein an XRD spectrum of the catalyst is free of signals of elemental platinum.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel core-shell particles comprising a core of iron oxide and a shell of cobalt oxide, characterized in that they are spherical with a number average diameter, as measured by TEM, of between 1 and 20 nm. This invention is also directed to their uses in the manufacture of a catalyst, and to the method for preparing these particles, by precipitating cobalt oxide onto magnetite or hematite particles which are themselves precipitated from Fe(III) and optionally Fe(II) salts.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for catalytically removing three components, which are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, from combustion exhaust gas generated by combusting fuel at around the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio. The catalyst includes: (A) a first catalyst component including at least rhodium, platinum, or palladium in a content of 0.01 to 0.5% by weight; and (B) a second catalyst component, which is the remainder, including a composite oxide or a mixed oxide including (a) at least zirconium oxide or titanium oxide, and (b) an oxide of at least praseodymium, yttrium, neodymium, tungsten, niobium, silicon, or aluminum, wherein the content of the oxide (a) in the composite oxide or the mixed oxide is in a range of 70 to 95% by weight. The invention further provides a two-layer catalyst that includes a surface catalyst layer containing the above-mentioned catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst is made as a composition comprising titanium oxide (TiO2), aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), an oxide of vanadium (V), and an oxide of molybdenum (Mo) and/or tungsten (W), wherein on titanium oxide having sulfate ions and aluminum ions adsorbed thereon obtained by making contact with aluminum sulfate at more than 1 wt % and not more than 6 wt % relative to titanium oxide in the presence of water, an oxo acid salt of vanadium or a vanadyl salt and an oxo acid or an oxo acid salt of molybdenum and/or tungsten are supported in a proportion of more than 0 atom % and not more than 3 atom %, respectively. By this, the degradation of catalyst performance can be suppressed even with exhaust gas containing potassium compounds at a high concentration in combustion ash.

Abstract: An exhaust system 10 for a vehicular lean-burn internal combustion engine comprises: (a) a first substrate monolith 6 comprising a SCR catalyst; (b) at least one second substrate monolith 4 comprising a catalytic washcoat coating comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) disposed upstream of the first substrate monolith; and (c) a third substrate monolith 2 disposed between the first substrate monolith and the or each second substrate monolith, wherein at least one PGM on the or each second substrate monolith 4 is liable to volatilise when the or each second substrate monolith 4 is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, and wherein the third substrate monolith 2 comprises a washcoat coating comprising at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilised PGM.

Abstract: A catalysed substrate monolith 12 for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine, which catalysed substrate monolith 12 comprising a first washcoat coating 16 and a second washcoat coating 18, wherein the first washcoat coating comprises a catalyst composition comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) and at least one support material for the at least one PGM, wherein at least one PGM in the first washcoat coating is liable to volatilize when the first washcoat coating is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, wherein the second washcoat coating comprises at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilized PGM and wherein the second washcoat coating is oriented to contact exhaust gas that has contacted the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing a manufactured product, a method for making a liquid absorbent, and processes for disposal of flammable liquids with a flue gas desulfurization by-product. The compositions for the manufactured products combine a binder and the by-product. The composition contains a greater percentage by weight of the by-product than the binder. The methods for producing manufactured products include dewatering the gypsum-depleted waste stream to reduce a water content, and forming the manufactured product. The method for making a liquid absorbent includes dewatering, granulating, drying, heating, and packaging a granulated gypsum-depleted composition as the liquid absorbent. The processes for disposal of flammable liquids include distributing a by-product into contact with flammable liquid, absorbing the liquid, transporting, and igniting the flammable liquid. The artificial soils are a combination of by-product and animal waste.

Abstract: A nano-particle comprising: an interior region comprising a mixed-metal oxide; and an exterior surface comprising a pure metal. In some embodiments, the mixed-metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide and a metallic pinning agent, such as palladium, copper, molybdenum, or cobalt. In some embodiments, the pure metal at the exterior surface is the same as the metallic pinning agent in the mixed-metal oxide in the interior region. In some embodiments, a catalytic nano-particle is bonded to the pure metal at the exterior surface. In some embodiments, the interior region and the exterior surface are formed using a plasma gun. In some embodiments, the interior region and the exterior surface are formed using a wet chemistry process. In some embodiments, the catalytic nano-particle is bonded to the pure metal using a plasma gun. In some embodiments, the catalytic nano-particle is bonded to the pure metal using a wet chemistry process.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a ceramic filter includes mixing silicon, yttrium oxide-doped zirconia, magnesium-aluminum spinel, silicon nitride, a pore-forming material, and a binder to form a ceramic precursor; extruding the ceramic precursor into a generally honeycomb shaped monolithic filter precursor or into a single filter tube precursor; drying the filter precursor or filter tube precursor to form a dried ceramic precursor; heating the dried ceramic precursor to remove the binder; and sintering to form the silicon nitride ceramic filter.

Abstract: Methods of producing a metal oxide are disclosed. The method comprises dissolving a metal salt in a reaction solvent to form a metal salt/reaction solvent solution. The metal salt is converted to a metal oxide and a caustic solution is added to the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to adjust the pH of the metal oxide/reaction solvent solution to less than approximately 7.0. The metal oxide is precipitated and recovered. A method of producing adsorption media including the metal oxide is also disclosed, as is a precursor of an active component including particles of a metal oxide.

Abstract: A double-layer three-way catalyst for purification of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines which has excellent activity and thermal stability is described. The catalyst contains active aluminum oxide and a first cerium/zirconium mixed oxide which are both catalytically activated with palladium in the first layer applied to a catalyst support. In the second layer which is in direct contact with the exhaust gas, the catalyst likewise contains an active aluminum oxide and a second cerium/zirconium mixed oxide which are both catalytically activated with rhodium. The second cerium/zirconium mixed oxide has a higher zirconium oxide content than the first mixed oxide.

Abstract: A bulk metal oxide catalyst composition of the general formula (X)b(M)c(Z)d(O)e??(I) wherein X represents at least one non-noble Group VIII metal; M represents at least one non-noble Group VIb metal; Z represents one or more elements selected from aluminum, silicon, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, boron, and zinc; one of b and c is the integer 1; and d and e and the other of b and c each are a number greater than 0 such that the molar ratio of b:c is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 5:1, the molar ratio of d:c is in the range of from 0.2:1 to 50:1, and the molar ratio of e:c is in the range of from 3.7:1 to 108:1; is prepared by controlled (co)precipitation of component metal compounds, refractory oxide material, and alkali compound in protic liquid. Resulting compositions find use in hydrotreatment processes involving particularly hydrodesulphurization and hydrodenitrification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing of a phosphorus-containing phosphorus-alumina support by a sol-gel method and a cobalt/phosphorus-alumina catalyst where cobalt is supported onto the phosphorus-alumina support as an active ingredient. The phosphorus-alumina support is prepared by a sol-gel method and has wide specific surface area with bimodal pore size distribution and high cobalt dispersion, thereby enabling to increase heat and mass transfer, stabilize the structure by modifying the surface property of alumina and decrease the deactivation rate due to the reduced oxidation of cobalt component during the F-T reaction. When Fischer-Tropsch reaction (F-T) is conducted on the catalyst, the catalyst maintains a superior thermal stability, inhibits the deactivation due to water generation during the F-T reaction and also causes relatively high conversion of carbon monoxide and stable selectivity of liquid hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Catalyst support materials, catalysts, methods of making such and uses thereof are described. Methods of making catalyst support material include combining anatase titania slurry with i) a low molecular weight form of silica; and ii) a source of Mo to form a TiO2—MoO3—SiO2 mixture. Catalyst support material include from about 86% to about 94% weight anatase titanium dioxide; from about 0.1% to about 10% weight MoO3; and from about 0.1% to about 10% weight SiO2. Low molecular weight forms of silica include forms of silica having a volume weighted median size of less than 4 nm and average molecular weight of less than 44,000, either individually or in a combination of two or more thereof. Catalyst include such catalyst support material with from about 0.1 to about 3% weight of V2O5 and optionally from about 0.01% to about 2.5% weight P.

Abstract: Methods for the vapor phase preparation of fluorided solid oxide activator-supports, using certain calcining temperatures and fluoriding temperatures, are disclosed.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, a porous composite particulate material includes a plurality of composite particles including an acid-base-resistant core particle at least partially surrounded by one or more layers of acid-base-resistant shell particles. The shell particles are adhered to the core particle by a polymeric material. The shell particles and/or core particles may be made from an acid-base-resistant material that is stable in harsh chemical conditions. During application of the polymeric material/shell particle bilayer, the core particles are sonicated to homogenize the particle size distribution and minimize agglomeration of particles. Multiple bilayers of polymer/shell particles may be applied. In one embodiment, the core particle comprises generally spherical glassy carbon, while the shell particles may comprise nano-sized diamond particles. Other acid-base-resistant materials may be employed.

Abstract: Described is a process for the production of mixed oxide particles. The process comprises providing a mixture comprising a solvent, one or more precursor compounds of ceria, one or more precursor compounds of zirconia, and one or more precursor compounds of one or more rare earth oxides other than ceria and/or one or more precursor compounds of yttria; forming an aerosol of the mixture; and pyrolyzing the aerosol of to obtain mixed oxide particles. The content of the rare earth oxides other than ceria and/or of yttria in the mixed oxide particles is comprised in the range of from 0.1 to 4.9 wt.-% based on the total weight of the rare earth oxides, yttria, and zirconia contained in the mixed oxide particles. Also describes are mixed oxide particles obtained from flame spray pyrolysis and to their use as an oxygen storage component, a catalyst, and/or as a catalyst support.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a modified catalyst support comprising: (a) treating a catalyst support material with an aqueous solution or dispersion comprising one or more zirconium metal sources, chromium metal sources, manganese metal sources and aluminium metal sources, and one or more polar organic compounds; and (b) drying the treated support, and (c) optionally calcining the treated support. Also provided are catalyst support materials obtainable by the methods, and catalysts prepared from such supports.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to less unsaturated hydrocarbons wherein production of saturated hydrocarbons is minimized. The process utilizes catalyst including Ce2O3, MgO, and an inorganic support, and optionally palladium, optionally silver, and/or an optional alkali metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous metal organic framework comprising a bidentate organic compound coordinated to a metal ion selected from the group of metals consisting of Al, Fe and Cr, with the bidentate organic compound being derived from a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the framework has a structure whose projection along [001] has a pattern in which each side of a hexagon is bounded by a triangle. The present invention further relates to shaped bodies and a process for preparing the porous metal organic framework and its use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing TiO2/SiO2 mixed oxides or the hydrates and/or oxide hydrates thereof comprised of 0.5 to 95 wt % SiO2 and the balance as TiO2, each referring to the completely calcined product, by using titanium alcoholates and aqueous silica sol. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of these mixed oxides as catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided, which may be used for ring closing metathesis. In the composition, a catalyst is immobilized on a siliceous mesocellular foam support. A suitable catalyst for use in the composition is a Grubbs-type catalyst or a Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate material, which is highly porous and which is provided with a mechanically stable, component-penetrating framework structure made of alpha-Al2O3, to methods for producing the substrate material, and to the use of the substrate material.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine exhaust gas purifying catalyst carrier has a core body formed of a CeO2—ZrO2 solid solution or a CeO2—ZrO2—La2O2 solid solution, and CeO2 supported on the surface of the core body, wherein the core body has a CeO2 content of 5 to 35 mass % and an La2O2 content of 0 to 10 mass %, on the basis of the mass of the carrier, and the amount of CeO2 supported on the core body is 5 to 17 mass %, on the basis of the mass of the carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate material, which is highly porous and which is provided with a mechanically stable, component-penetrating framework structure made of alpha-Al2O3, to methods for producing the substrate material, and to the use of the substrate material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalytically active particulate filter, an exhaust gas cleaning system and a process for cleaning the exhaust gases of predominantly stoichiometrically operated internal combustion engines, which are suitable, as well as the gaseous CO, HC and NOx pollutants, also for removing particulates from the exhaust gas. The particulate filter comprises a filter body and a catalytically active coating consisting of two layers. The first layer is in contact with the incoming exhaust gas, the second layer with the outgoing exhaust gas. Both layers contain alumina. The first layer contains palladium. The second layer contains, in addition to rhodium, an oxygen-storing cerium/zirconium mixed oxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a particulate extraction material for the extraction of lithium from a geothermal brine or lithium containing solution. The particulate material includes an inorganic or polymer based substrate that includes a lithium aluminum intercalate layer applied to the exterior of the substrate, wherein the lithium aluminum intercalate layer is operable to capture lithium ions from solution.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising a porous support, palladium, at least one metal selected from the group constituted by alkalis and alkaline-earths, in which: the specific surface area of the porous support is in the range 50 to 210 m2/g; the palladium content in the catalyst is in the range 0.05% to 2% by weight; at least 80% by weight of the palladium is distributed in a crust at the periphery of the support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 20 to 200 ?m; the metallic dispersion D is in the range 25% to 70%; the density of the palladium particles in the crust is in the range 1500 to 4100 particles of palladium per ?m2; and said alkali and/or alkaline-earth metal is distributed homogeneously across the support. The invention also concerns the preparation of the catalyst and its use in selective hydrogenation.

Abstract: Ethylene is oligomerized with a catalyst in which nickel is supported on a support containing silica and alumina. The catalyst has little deterioration over long periods and affords oligomers with high productivity. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst includes a support and a nickel compound supported on the support, the support including silica and alumina, and the amount of nickel supported is in the range of 0.0001 to 1 wt % based on the weight of the support, and the molar ratio of silica to alumina in the support (SiO2/Al2O3) is in the range of 100 to 2000. In a process of the invention, ethylene is oligomerized with use of the catalyst.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst having a catalyst surface bearing a non-occluding layer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a sub-monolayer of iridium. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell catalyst comprising a catalyst surface bearing a layer of iridium having a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms. In some embodiments, the fuel cell catalyst comprises nanostructured elements comprising microstructured support whiskers bearing a thin film of nanoscopic catalyst particles. The layer of iridium typically has a planar equivalent thickness of between 1 and 100 Angstroms and more typically between 5 and 60 Angstroms. The fuel cell catalyst typically comprises no electrically conductive carbon material and typically comprises at least a portion of the iridium in the zero oxidation state.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal-containing sulfated activator-supports, and polymerization catalyst compositions employing these activator-supports. Methods for making these metal-containing sulfated activator-supports and for using such components in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins are also provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising palladium and an organophosphorous compound, the supported hydrogenation catalyst being capable of selectively hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons. A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting a support with a palladium-containing compound to form a palladium supported composition, contacting the palladium supported composition with an organophosphorus compound to form a catalyst precursor, and reducing the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of using a hybrid oxidation catalyst system for remediating a lean emission from a vehicle includes the step of oxidizing the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in an engine emission comprising hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, NOx including NO and NO2, and oxygen with a first catalyst. The first catalyst includes noble metal particles supported in a first ceramic layer. The method further includes oxidizing the NO with a second catalyst having base metal oxide particles supported in a second ceramic layer to form NO2. The first catalyst is disposed upstream of the second catalyst and the system is capable of converting at least 10% of the amount of NO to NO2 at a temperature ranging from 75° C. to 225° C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a honeycomb structure 20 according to the present invention includes the steps of burying a burial base material into pores of a porous honeycomb base material which has a SiC phase and an oxide phase containing a Si oxide, where the burial base material contains metal Si particles having a particular diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore and metal Al particles having a particle diameter smaller than the pore diameter of the pore, and melting the metal Si particles and the metal Al particles, which are contained in the burial base material, by heating the porous honeycomb base material including the buried burial tease material in an inert atmosphere, so as to form a metal phase containing metal Si and metal Al in pores of the porous honeycomb base material.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions include finely divided nanoscale particles of at least one supported oxide selected from among zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or a mixed zirconium/titanium oxide deposited onto an alumina-based or aluminum-oxyhydroxide-based support, wherein, after calcination for 4 hours at 900° C., the at least one support oxide is in the form of nanoscale particles deposited onto the support, the size of said particles being at most 10 nm when the at least one supported oxide is based is zirconium oxide and being at most 15 nm when the at least one supported oxide is titanium oxide or a mixed zirconium/titanium oxide; such catalyst compositions are especially useful for the selective reduction of NOx.

Abstract: Systems and methods for treating a fluid with a body are disclosed. Various aspects involve treating a fluid with a porous body. In select embodiments, a body comprises ash particles, and the ash particles used to form the body may be selected based on their providing one or more desired properties for a given treatment. Various bodies provide for the reaction and/or removal of a substance in a fluid, often using a porous body comprised of ash particles. Computer-operable methods for matching a source material to an application are disclosed. Certain aspects feature a porous body comprised of ash particles, the ash particles have a particle size distribution and interparticle connectivity that creates a plurality of pores having a pore size distribution and pore connectivity, and the pore size distribution and pore connectivity are such that a first fluid may substantially penetrate the pores.

Abstract: Water filtration media having a charged material affixed directly to binder material used in the fabrication of the filter media. A microbiological interception enhancing agent is added to the binder directly. The media having a charged material and a microbiological interception enhancing agent both affixed directly on a binder material is then combined with core filter media and prepared as a filtration media. A filter is prepared from the treated filter media.

Abstract: A method of making a high activity catalyst composition suitable for use in the hydrodesulfurization of a middle distillate feed, such as diesel fuel, having a high concentration of sulfur, to thereby provide a low sulfur middle distillate product. The method comprises heat treating aluminum hydroxide under controlled temperature conditions thereby converting the aluminum hydroxide to gamma-alumina to give a converted aluminum hydroxide, and controlling the fraction of converted aluminum hydroxide that is gamma-alumina. A catalytic component is incorporated into the converted aluminum hydroxide to provide an intermediate, which is heat treated to provide the high activity catalyst composition. The high activity catalyst composition can suitably be used in the hydrodesulfurization of a middle distillate feed containing a high sulfur concentration.

Abstract: A catalyst for removal of NOx from exhaust gas, containing cerium oxide and titanium dioxide, wherein a first portion of the cerium oxide forms at least one agglomerate of cerium oxide crystallites interdispersed in the titanium dioxide, and a second portion of the cerium oxide forms at least one island on a surface of the titanium dioxide, a method for producing the catalyst, a process for selectively reducing NOx levels in an exhaust gas using the catalyst, and an SCR canister containing the catalyst therein.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating and/or hydroconverting heavy metal-containing hydrocarbon feeds, comprises a support in the form of mainly irregular and non-spherical alumina-based agglomerates the specific shape. The catalyst is prepared by a specific order of steps: crushing, calcining, acidic autoclaving, drying, further calcining and impregnation with catalytic metals.

Abstract: Provided are exhaust systems and components suitable for use in conjunction with gasoline engines to treat gaseous emissions such as hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxides. Layered three-way conversion (TWC) catalysts comprise an outer layer whose rhodium is supported by an oxygen storage component, such as a ceria-zirconia composite, and the outer layer is substantially free from alumina as a support. The rhodium-containing layer can be free of all other precious metals, such as platinum and palladium. A lower palladium layer is provided where the palladium is supported by a refractory metal oxide. The lower palladium layer can be free of rhodium and platinum and can contain an oxygen storage component that is the same or different from that in the rhodium-containing layer. Methods of making and using these catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst composition includes a hydroxyl group-containing porous oxide, and a composite porous catalyst supported by a porous supporter. The composite porous catalyst includes a catalyst metal.

Abstract: A Raney-type metal porous material of which at least the inner surface of the pores constituting the porous structure is an alloy of the skeletal metal constituting it and a metal differing from the skeletal metal. The invention has made it possible to alloy a Raney-type metal with a porous structure, to realize a novel method of enabling remarkable enhancement of the function and the activity of the alloy based on the porous structure thereof, and to use the alloy as catalysts, etc.

Abstract: A self-assembled carbon structure such as a carbon opal is disclosed herein. The structure is composed of hydrophilic carbon spheres oriented in a periodic colloidal crystal structure, wherein the carbon spheres have a porous surface, wherein the carbons spheres have an average particle diameter less than 3000 nm. Also disclosed is an inverse opal structure that includes a plurality of voids in the structural material. The voids are regularly arranged in an ordered periodic structure, the voids having a spherical shape. The inverse opal structure has a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g and method for making the same together with materials that employ the same.