Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with an aqueous solution of HC1 and/or HNO.sub.3 and/or H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The thus reactivated catalyst composition can be employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A spent metal contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process which comprises contacting with an aqueous solution of at least one carboxylic acid (preferably at least one of formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid and lactic acid). The thus reactivated catalyst composition can be employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A mixture of shaped catalysts, catalyst supports or sorbents comprising generally cylindrical, free flowing particles of regular geometric shape having substantially the same diameter and of varying length are length graded into a first group of particles having a length below a predetermined length, L.sub.1, in the range of fromn 0.8 to about 24 millimeters and an L/D greater than one, and a second group of particles having a length greater than L.sub.1, by feeding the mixture into a rotating cylindrical drum having inwardly opening indentations in its cylindrical wall having a transverse diameter of substantially L.sub.1. The drum is rotated about its longitudinal axis at speeds sufficient to entrap in the indentations and convey particles having a length below L.sub.1 comprising the first group upwardly to a height permitting the particles to fall into a fixed, upwardly opening trough, while retaining the second group of particles having a length above L.sub.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition comprises partially demetallizing (preferably by chlorinating and washing) the spent catalytic cracking catalyst composition, and thereafter contacting it with at least one fluorine compound (preferably NH.sub.4 F) and at least one antimony compound. The thus reactivated catalytic cracking catalyst composition is employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: In a hydrocarbon fluid catalytic cracking process, high concentrations of sodium in the hydrocarbon entering the reactor will poison the reaction sites on the FCC catalysts, thereby reducing the efficiency of the cracking process. The addition of an aluminum compound to the hydrocarbon significantly reduces the poisoning effect of the sodium on the catalyst. The aluminum compound may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum nitrate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum oxide and sulfate salts of aluminum.

Abstract: The invention describes the preparation of novel cracking catalysts by surface coating conventional cracking catalysts with passivators that act as metals traps. The coating of passivators is weakly bound to the catalyst so as to permit the coating to continuously attrit off during catalytic cracking. The continuous flaking off of the coating exposes a new surface of the coating.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons containing vanadium are converted to lower boiling fractions employing a zeolitic cracking catalyst containing a significant concentration of a vanadium passivator.

Abstract: When low-quality iron ore is used as a coal liquefaction catalyst, in order to improve its catalytic activity it is subjected to one or a combination of reduction, heat-treatment, or washing with or immersion in water for a long period of time so as to remove catalyst poisons before it is used as a catalyst. When high-quality iron ore is used, it is first reduced with carbon monoxide and then used as a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for removing contaminating mercury from hydrocarbon streams, gas or liquid, wherein the stream is contacted with a molecular sieve pretreated with an alkali polysulfide. The pretreatment consists of saturating the sieve with an aqueous solution of the polysulfide and subsequently drying the saturated sieve under conditions calculated to dry but not decompose the polysulfide present.

Abstract: A method for waste treating metal containing solutions comprising decomposing the metal from the solution in the substantial absence of air and separating the decomposed (precipitated) metal from the solution.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing cracking catalyst composition comprises the sequential steps of contacting the catalyst composition with dissolved ammonium compound (preferably NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3), contacting with a fluorine compound (preferably NH.sub.4 F), and treatment with a passivating agent (preferably Mg, Ca, B, A, P and/or Sb). The reactivated cracking catalyst obtained by this reactivation process is employed in a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a spent, metal-contaminated zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition comprises contacting the spent catalyst composition with an acidified aqueous NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 solution, thereafter with a suitable fluorine compound (preferably dissolved NH.sub.4 F), and, optionally, additionally with an antimony compound. The thus prepared reactivated cracking catalyst composition is used in a process for catalytically cracking a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed.

Abstract: A process for recovering Platinum Group metals from material comprising one or more Platinum Group metals and one or more Group IA metals supported on carbon comprises heating at a temperature between 700.degree. C. and 1150.degree. C. in a stream of an inert gas or vacuum then in a stream of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing pyrophoric hydrotreating catalyst drums has been discovered. The dry catalyst is introduced into drums which have been purged with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. A continuous layer of gelatinized starch is applied to the top of the catalyst, sealing it from air. The drum lid is clamped on and the catalyst is stored or transported. The gelatinized starch seal does not impair the catalyst for regeneration or metals reclaiming.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing accumulated metals, particularly vanadium and nickel, from particulate aluminosilicate materials and aluminosilicate materials that are obtained by the process. The process may advantageously be used to remove accumulated metals from spent aluminosilicate contact materials used in selective vaporization processes of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,128. The process of this invention yields materials suitable for effective recycling to a selective vaporization unit or for ecologically-acceptable disposal, as well as, optionally, recovery of metals in saleable form.

Abstract: Method for treating particulate used oil-coated catalysts to provide a rejuvenated catalyst material in a rejuvention vessel assembly. The pressurizable vertically-oriented vessel assembly has inlet and outlet openings for the catalyst and washing fluids, and has a removable lower sub-assembly head portion which contains a conical shaped grid unit located therein. The vessel assembly is arranged to permit solvent washing, vacuum drying and acid treatment and gas drying of the used catalyst in a bed supported above the conical grid, by upward flow and recycle of the washing liquids and fluidization of the catalyst. Following rejuvenation of the catalyst, it is withdrawn from the vessel downwardly through the conical shaped grid and out through a central withdrawal conduit containing a slide valve unit for further processing or use as desired.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock containing nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone to simultaneously increase the hydrogen content of the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and to generate at least one water-soluble inorganic compound produced from the reaction of said nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities in said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and the hydrogen; (b) contacting the reaction zone effluent containing hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds and at least one said water-soluble inorganic compound with a fresh aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream and a spent aqueous scrubbing solution stream containing at least a portion

Abstract: A system is provided for passivating metals, such as vanadium, deposited on a catalyst during a conversion reaction. Spent catalyst particles containing the metal deposits are introduced into a regenerator, and passivating particles containing the passivating materials are also introduced into the regenerator. The passivating particles and the catalyst particles are separated after they have exited from the regenerator. At least a portion of the separated passivating particles are recycled to the regenerator, and the regenerated, separated catalyst particles are reintroduced into a reaction zone, such as a riser conversion zone.

Abstract: The process has as an object the regeneration of catalysts containing at least one contaminating metal of the vanadium, nickel and iron group. The operation is conducted as follows:(a) The catalyst (1) is roasted in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas so as to remove at least 90% of the sulfur;(b) The catalyst obtained in step (a) is contacted with a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution containing at least one organic compound comprising an acidic functional group, so as to remove at least 10% of the deposited metals of the vanadium, nickel and iron group; and(c) The regenerated catalyst (11) is separated from the aqueous solution of metal ions (5). The latter can be regenerated by passage over a complexing resin (6).The process is applicable to the regeneration of used catalysts, particularly to hydrotreatment catalysts in the oil industry.

Abstract: A process for the production of molecular hydrogen and demetallization of solid particles comprising:(a) contacting hydrogen sulfide at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide into molecular hydrogen, the contacting being conducted in the presence of solid particles comprising at least one metallic component effective to promote hydrogen sulfide conversion;(b) separating the molecular hydrogen from elemental sulfur formed in step (a) and unconverted hydrogen sulfide and recovering a product enriched in molecular hydrogen; and(c) demetallizing at least a portion of the solid particles from step (a) to produce demetallized solid particles having a reduced content of the metallic component.

Abstract: A process for treating a catalyst useful to promote the conversion of a substantially hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one first metal at least a portion of which is deposited on the catalyst forming a first metal-containing catalyst, which process comprises:contacting the catalyst with at least one component of at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of antimony, tin, gallium, indium, zinc, tellurium and mixtures thereof to increase the second metal content of the catalyst, anddemetallizing the first metal-containing catalyst to provide a demetallized catalyst having a reduced first metal content.

Abstract: A spent zeolite-containing catalytic cracking catalyst composition is reactivated by a process comprising the steps of contacting the catalyst composition with a solution of a suitable ammonium compound (preferably an aqueous solution of NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3) and thereafter contacting the ammonium-exchanged cracking catalyst composition with a suitable fluorine compound (preferably a aqueous solution of NH.sub.4 F). A catalytic cracking process employs the reactivated cracking catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for treating a catalyst contaminated with at least one metal which was so contaminated while promoting conversion of a substantially hydrocarbon feedstock containing the metal comprising at least one of the following: (1) contacting the catalyst component to increase the ammonium ion-containing component to increase the ammonium ion content of the catalyst; and (2) contacting the catalyst with at least one rare earth metal ion-containing component to increase the rare earth metal ion content of the catalyst. Improved hydrocarbon conversion processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for the regeneration of spent alumina-based catalysts wherein the catalyst firstly is treated with steam at elevated temperature in order to remove at least part of the sulphur; subsequently with an oxygen-containing gas at elevated temperature, in order to burn off carbonaceous matter and finally with a basic medium.

Abstract: A filter bed material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water and process for the manufacture thereof. The bed material includes a charcoal bed having a chelating agent adsorbed thereto utilizing a polymer to aid in the adsorption of the chelating compound.

Abstract: An improved catalyst demetallization process involves chlorinating the metal contaminated catalyst at elevated temperatures and contacting the chlorinated catalyst with a liquid aqueous composition to produce a demetallized catalyst. Improved catalytic activity is obtained utilizing a catalyst comprising at least one crystalline material capable of promoting the hydrocarbon conversion, and cooling the chlorinated catalyst prior to contact with the liquid aqueous composition. An improved hydrocarbon conversion process is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides for a method of preparing zeolite A from spent metals-contaminated cracking catalyst while concomitantly removing at least a portion of one of the contaminant and catalytic metals from the spent catalyst by contacting the spent catalyst with a solution containing an alkali metal hydroxide and a sufficient amount of sodium aluminate under hydrothermal conditions for a specified period of time to form the zeolite A.

Abstract: A process for cracking hydrocarbon containing feed streams, which have an initial boiling point of at least 400.degree. F. and contain at least about 5 ppmw vanadium, is carried out in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a physical mixture of (a) zeolite embedded in an inorganic refractory matrix material and (b) at least one oxide of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or La, preferably MgO, on a silica containing support material.

Abstract: Improvements in a reforming process for the regeneration and reactivation of a bed of a reforming catalyst, notably an iridium-containing catalyst, coked and catalytically deactivated during the on-oil portion of a reforming cycle. The reactor containing the catalyst is contained in a multi-reactor unit, the individual reactors of which are connected in series via suitable piping and valving. The reactor can be alternately manifolded with production facilities during the on-oil portion of the operating cycle during which period the catalyst of said reactor becomes coked, and can be manifolded alone or with other reactors with a ferrous metal regeneration circuit during the catalyst regeneration and reactivation portion of an operating cycle during which period the catalyst is regenerated and reactivated.

Abstract: A spent hydrotreating catalyst having carbonaceous and metallic deposits comprising generally cylindrical, free flowing particles of regular geometric shape having substantially the same diameter but of varying length is stripped, length graded, density graded using an upward flow of gas through an inclined, vibrating surface, and regenerated to achieve catalyst activity very near that of a fresh catalyst.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock having hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (b) contacting said hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of said reaction zone effluent and said aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream having trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds and a spent aqueous stream; and (d) contacting said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream with an adsorbent to remove at least a portion of said trace quantities of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from said hydrotreated hydrocarbonaceous stream.

Abstract: Arsenic can be continuously removed from shale oil by passing the shale oil through a first guard bed containing catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil, until the desired amount of arsenic is removed. The flow of the shale oil is thereafter directed to an intercommunicating second guard bed containing another or similar catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil. Concurrently, the spent catalyst in the first bed is regenerated in situ so that continuous upgrading of the shale oil is achieved.

Abstract: The process has as an object the regeneration catalysts containing at least one contaminating metal of the vanadium, nickel and iron group. The operation is conducted as follows:(a) The catalyst (1) is roasted in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas so as to remove at least 90% of the sulfur;(b) The catalyst obtained in step (a) is contacted with a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution containing at least one organic compound including a polar functional group, so as to remove at least 10% of the deposited metals of the vanadium, nickel and iron group; and(c) The regenerated catalyst (11) is separated from the aqueous solution of metal ions (5). The latter can be regenerated by passage over a complexing resin (6).The process is applicable to the regerneration of used catalysts, particularly to hydrotreatment catalysts in the oil industry.

Abstract: Regeneration of HDS catalysts by sulfiding under controlled conditions and leaching the sulfided catalyst with an acidic aqueous ferric ion containing solution to remove contaminating nickel and vanadium compounds and recovering catalyst of increased BET surface area and pore diameter.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a new process for removing metals, especially contaminant metals, from spent catalysts. Also, this invention pertains to a catalyst composite with metals removed by the new process, and to several uses for the catalyst, including as a rejuvenated hydrotreating catalyst. The new process comprises (i) contacting the spent catalyst with a complexing agent with four or more coordinating groups, including at least two carboxylic acid type groups and at least one amino type group, and (ii) separating from the spent catalyst a mixture containing the complexing agent and the removed metals. By this process contaminant metals, like vanadium, are more selectively removed from the spent catalyst than are catalytic metals, like cobalt and molybdenum.

Abstract: Described is a process for removing arsenic, vanadium, and/or nickel from petroliferous derived liquids by contacting said liquid at an elevated temperature with a divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene having catechol ligands anchored thereon. For vanadium and nickel removal an amine, preferably a diamine is included.Also, described is a process for regenerating spent catecholated polystyrene by removal of the arsenic, vanadium, and/or nickel bound to it from contacting petroliferous liquid as described above and involves:treating the spent polymer containing any vanadium and/or nickel with an aqueous acid to achieve an acid pH; and,separating the solids from the liquid; and thentreating said spent catecholated polystyrene, at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of at least one carbonate and/or bicarbonate of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metals, said solution having a pH between about 8 and 10; and,separating the solids and liquids from each other.

Abstract: Noble metal catalyst, in particular platinum catalysts, which are applied on carriers and have become poisoned by metals as a result of being used for many years in the preparation of hydroxyl-ammonium salts by catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen in an aqueous mineral acid are regenerated by a process in which the metallic impurities are dissolved using nitric acid or aqua regia, the solution is neutralized, the troublesome metals are precipitated from the neutralized solution by means of a selective precipitating reagent, and the purified platinum solution is reused for the preparation of the catalyst. Organic complexing agents which form insoluble or sparingly soluble complexes with the metallic impurities are preferably used as precipitating reagents.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of aluminum and at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, nickel and cobalt from a spent hydrogenation catalyst comprising (1) adding about 1 to 3 parts H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to each part of spent catalyst in a reaction zone of about 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. under sulfide gas pressure between about 1 and about 35 atmospheres, (2) separating the resultant Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 solution from the sulfide precipitate in the mixture, (3) oxidizing the remaining sulfide precipitate as an aqueous slurry at about 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a pressure between about 1 and about 35 atmospheres, (4) separating the slurry to obtain solid molybdic acid and a sulfate liquor containing said at least one metal, and (5) recovering said at least one metal from the sulfate liquor in marketable form.

Abstract: A method for recovering a denitrating catalyst which is characterized by washing, with an aqueous oxalic acid solution, the used tungsten-titania or the tungsten-titania-vanadium denitrating catalyst which dust components have adhered to or have accumulated on and in which an SO.sub.2 -oxidizing power has thus risen; impregnating the catalyst with a tungsten compound; and drying and calcining the thus treated catalyst.

Abstract: The instant process relates to a process for treating fluoride-containing catalysts or aluminosilicates which contain insoluble fluoride compounds by the use of soluble aluminum compounds.

Abstract: Spent catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrogenation process for hydrocarbon feedstocks, and containing carbon undesired metals contaminants deposits, are rejuvenated for reuse. Following solvent washing to remove process oils, the catalyst is treated either with chemicals which form sulfate or oxysulfate compounds with the metals contaminants, or with acids which remove the metal contaminants, such as 5-50 W % sulfuric acid in aqueous solution and 0-10 W % ammonium ion solutions to substantially remove the metals deposits. The acid treating occurs within the temperature range of 60.degree.-250.degree. F. for 5-120 minutes at substantially atmospheric pressure, after which the rejuvenated catalyst containing carbon deposits can be effectively reused in the catalytic hydrogenation process.

Abstract: Coke or coke and hydrogen production may increase when the Asphalt Residual Treating (ART) Process for removing metallic and carbonaceous contaminants from hydrocarbons is operated with feed stock containing impurities that result in the deposition on the solid particulate contact material of acidic metallic compounds such as heavy metal chlorides. Coke or coke and hydrogen production is reduced by charging ammonia or other fugitive basic nitrogen compounds to the system after burning coke from the circulating inventory of catalytically inert contact material and prior to selectively vaporizing incoming charge of feed stock in the presence of the hot regenerated contact material.

Abstract: Spent catalysts containing metal impurities are treated by a process comprising treating the spent catalyst with a solution containing oxidizing ferric ion and/or oxidizing bacteria, thereby freeing said spent catalyst of said metal impurities.

Abstract: Described is a process for removing arsenic from petroliferous derived liquids by contacting said liquid at an elevated temperature with a divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene having catechol ligands anchored thereon.Also, described is a process for regenerating spent catecholated polystyrene by removal of the arsenic bound to it from contacting petroliferous liquid as described above and involves:a. treating said spent catecholated polystyrene, at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of at least one carbonate and/or bicarbonate of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metals, said solution having a pH between about 8 and 10 and,b. separating the solids and liquids from each other. Preferably the regeneration treatment is in two steps wherein step (a) is carried out with an aqueous alcoholic carbonate solution containing lower alkyl alcohol, and, steps (a) and (b) are repeated using a bicarbonate.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking hydrocarbons for residuum conversion in the presence of a fluidized catalyst, which is characterized by extracting at least part of the fluidized catalyst from the reaction system as a spent catalyst, subjecting at least part of the spent catalyst to hydrotreatment for solubilizing toluene-insoluble carbonaceous materials deposited on the catalyst thereby regenerating the spent catalyst, and recycling the regenerated catalyst to the hydrocracking step. According to this process, the spent catalyst is recycled to the hydrocracking step in a highly activated state after the regenerative hydrotreatment, so that it becomes possible to suppress the coke production within the reactor to a considerable degree, to maintain the coke level of the catalyst below a predetermined value and to preclude the contamination of the reactor walls with coke.

Abstract: A process for removing metal contaminants from a hydroconversion catalyst, said catalyst containing at least one metal from Groups VIB, VIIB or VIII supported on a refractory inorganic oxide. The process comprises contacting the contaminated catalyst with a buffered oxalic acid solution wherein contaminant is removed without dissolving the support.

Abstract: A tungsten-containing catalyst associated with coke containing vanadium and nickel is recovered by a method which includes steam gasification, low temperature burning to remove at least a portion of the coke and selective extraction of the nickel and vanadium.

Abstract: Deactivated hydrorefining catalysts are regenerated by incorporation of as phosphorus component followed by combustive coke-removal from the catalyst. The regenerated catalyst is useful for promoting hydrodesulfurization reactions, particularly those involving demetallation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for the oxidation and ammoxidation of alcohols containing the elements iron and molybdenum in a catalytically active oxidized state exhibit improved selectivity and yield upon being activated by contacting calcined catalyst particles sequentially with a molecular oxygen-free reducing gas and an oxygen-containing gas at catalyst activating conditions. These activated catalysts are especially useful for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methanol, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.