Abstract: The invention provides a gold-supporting catalyst comprising gold nanoparticles and a carrier consisting of porous ceramic obtained by firing a mixture comprising an aluminum compound, a lime component, and a plastic clay containing 1% by mass or less of feldspars and quartz, wherein the gold nanoparticles are supported in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass on the carrier based on 100 parts by mass of the carrier.

Abstract: Method includes heating mixture of heavy oil (API<22.3), water, and catalyst in a reactor to form pyrolyzate vapor condensable to form an oil phase lighter than the heavy oil. The feed mixture can include 100 parts by weight heavy oil, 5 to 100 parts by weight water, and 1 to 20 parts by weight solid catalyst particulates, which can include an oxide or acid addition salt of a Group 3-16 metal on a mineral support. Also, an apparatus for treating the heavy oil includes a mixing zone to prepare the emulsion, a transfer line to a pyrolysis zone; and a control system for the pyrolysis zone. Also, a process includes injecting the pyrolyzate in a treatment fluid into an injection well.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for removing particulate matter from a fluid, comprising a particle functionalized by attachment of at least one activating group or amine functional group, wherein the modified particle complexes with the particulate matter within the fluid to form a removable complex therein. The particulate matter has preferably been contacted, complexed or reacted with a tethering agent. The system is particularly advantageous to removing particulate matter from a tailing solution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for removing particulate matter from a fluid, comprising a particle functionalized by attachment of at least one activating group or amine functional group, wherein the modified particle complexes with the particulate matter within the fluid to form a removable complex therein. The particulate matter has preferably been contacted, complexed or reacted with a tethering agent. The system is particularly advantageous to removing particulate matter from a tailing solution.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a Ruthenium complex intercalated N-doped or N,S-codoped titania pillared montmorillonite, a multifunctional photocatalyst and a process for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides a green photochemical route towards a variety of light driven redox reactions such as organic dye degradations, photocatalytic water splitting and various organic transformation reactions oriented to the synthesis of fine chemicals.

Abstract: A structurally promoted, precipitated, Fischer-Tropsch catalyst that exhibits an RCAI-10 of 0-2.8 and/or produces less than 6 wt % fines after 5 hours ASTM Air Jet Attrition testing, due to formation via: preparing a nitrate solution by forming at least one metal slurry and combining the at least one metal slurry with a nitric acid solution; combining the nitrate solution with a basic solution to form a precipitate; structurally promoting the precipitate with at least one source of silicon to form a promoted mixture, wherein promoting comprises combining the precipitate with (a) silicic acid and one or more component selected from the group consisting of non-crystalline silicas, crystalline silicas, and sources of kaolin or (b) a component selected from the group consisting of non-crystalline silicas and sources of kaolin, in the absence of silicic acid; and spray drying the promoted mixture to produce catalyst having a desired particle size.

Abstract: A method of producing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by preparing a nitrate solution, wherein preparing comprises forming at least one metal slurry and combining the at least one metal slurry with a nitric acid solution; combining the nitrate solution with a basic solution to form a precipitate; promoting the precipitate to form a promoted mixture, wherein promoting comprises combining the precipitate with (a) silicic acid and one or more selected from the group consisting of non-crystalline silicas, crystalline silicas, and sources of kaolin or (b) at least one selected from non-crystalline silicas and sources of kaolin, in the absence of silicic acid; and spray drying the promoted mixture to produce catalyst having a desired particle size. Catalyst produced by the disclosed method is also described.

Abstract: The removal of fluoroalkanes from fluoroalkane-containing hydrocarbon streams, preferably C3 to C5 hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to a catalyst system for the conversion of biomass material. In an exemplary embodiment, the catalyst system has a specific combined mesoporous and macroporous surface area in the range of from about 1 m2/g to about 100 m2/g. The catalyst system can be used in a two-stage reactor assembly unit for the catalytic thermoconversion of biomass material wherein the thermolysis process and the catalytic conversion process are optimally conducted separately.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing regeneration of a decolorization capacity of waste clay that has been used for purification of fats and oils, and production of a thermally recyclable compound as a biofuel from oily ingredients in the waste clay at the same time in a convenient manner. That is, a method for producing purified fats and oils of the invention includes: a method for producing regenerated clay including the steps of mixing waste clay that has been used for purification of fats and oils, lower alcohol, and an acidic catalyst; and performing extraction of oily ingredients from the waste clay, and an esterification reaction between the fats and oils and/or a free fatty acid in the oily ingredients and the lower alcohol at the same time so as to regenerate a decolorization capacity of the waste clay; regenerated clay that is produced by the method for producing the regenerated clay; and a process of decolorizing the fats and oils using the regenerated clay.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an adsorbent, in particular a bleaching earth, wherein a clay material having: a surface area of 180 to 300 m2/g; a total pore volume of 0.5 to 0.7 ml/l; wherein at least 60% of the total pore volume are provided by pores having a pore diameter of at least 140 A, at least 40% of the total pore volume is provided by pores having a pore diameter of less than 250 A and at least 15% of the total pore volume are provided by pores having a pore diameter of 140 to 250 A; and said clay material having an amorphous structure according to XRD data; is activated by an activation procedure. Further, the invention relates to an adsorbent as obtained by the method and a method for purification of oils, fats and biofuels.

Abstract: A composite catalyst, including: a) dispersed and cationic surface modifier-modified attapulgite as a catalyst carrier; and b) nano-Au as an active ingredient. The nano-Au accounts for 0.5-1.5 wt. % of the attapulgite. An average diameter of the attapulgite is 18-22 nm, and a length thereof is 100-1000 nm. A particle diameter of the nano-Au is 1-7 nm. The composite catalyst has a low activation temperature and high performance-to-price ratio, and can be used for oxidation of organic pollutants in waste gas under low temperatures and also has excellent catalytic effects on organic pollutants in waste fluid. A preparation method of the composite catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: An animal litter such as a clay material is treated to reduce the bulk density thereof by contacting the clay material with an aqueous electrolyte solution and then heating at an elevated temperature. Substantial reductions in bulk density have been achieved without reducing the absorption capacity of the clay granule.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a synthesis process for preparing magnesium aluminosilicate clays and to the products of said process. Briefly, a silicon component, an aluminum component, and a magnesium component are combined, under aqueous conditions and at an acidic pH, to form a first reaction mixture and subsequently the pH of the first reaction mixture is adjusted to greater than 7.5 to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is allowed to react under conditions sufficient to form the magnesium aluminosilicate clay of the present invention. The invention is also directed to catalyst compositions comprising the magnesium aluminosilicate clays synthesized according to the process of the invention. The resulting magnesium aluminosilicate clay can be used as a catalyst or as a component in catalyst compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and to the materials thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles consisting in: selecting a precursor from the salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements that can be reduced at temperatures below the clay silicate network destruction temperature; and depositing said precursor on a support selected from pseudolaminar phyllosilicate clays. According to the invention the method comprises: (i) a deposition step in which the precursor is deposited on the support: (ii) when the precursor is selected from among salts and hydroxides, a thermal decomposition step in a controlled atmosphere, in which the precursor is subjected to a decomposition process and is transformed into an oxide of the metallic element: and (iii) a reduction step in which the oxide of the metallic element is subjected to a reduction process in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one acid-activated sheet silicate with a transition metal oxide of groups 8 and/or 9 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and also a process for preparing polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymers, diesters or monoesters of these polymers, in which tetrahydrofuran is polymerized in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer over such a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst by preparing a nitrate solution, wherein preparing comprises forming at least one metal slurry and combining the at least one metal slurry with a nitric acid solution; combining the nitrate solution with a basic solution to form a precipitate; promoting the precipitate to form a promoted mixture, wherein promoting comprises combining the precipitate with (a) silicic acid and one or more selected from the group consisting of non-crystalline silicas, crystalline silicas, and sources of kaolin or (b) at least one selected from non-crystalline silicas and sources of kaolin, in the absence of silicic acid; and spray drying the promoted mixture to produce catalyst having a desired particle size. Catalyst produced by the disclosed method is also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and to the materials thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles consisting in: selecting a precursor from the salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements that can be reduced at temperatures below the clay silicate network destruction temperature; and depositing said precursor on a support selected from pseudolaminar phyllosilicate clays. According to the invention the method comprises: (i) a deposition step in which the precursor is deposited on the support: (ii) when the precursor is selected from among salts and hydroxides, a thermal decomposition step in a controlled atmosphere, in which the precursor is subjected to a decomposition process and is transformed into an oxide of the metallic element: and (iii) a reduction step in which the oxide of the metallic element is subjected to a reduction process in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an adsorbent, in particular a bleaching earth, wherein a clay material having: a surface area of 180 to 300 m2/g; a total pore volume of 0.5 to 0.7 ml/l; wherein at least 60% of the total pore volume are provided by pores having a pore diameter of at least 140 A, at least 40% of the total pore volume is provided by pores having a pore diameter of less than 250 A and at least 15% of the total pore volume are provided by pores having a pore diameter of 140 to 250 A; and said clay material having an amorphous structure according to XRD data; is activated by an activation procedure. Further, the invention relates to an adsorbent as obtained by the method and a method for purification of oils, fats and biofuels.

Abstract: Disclosed are bleaching materials for processing oils, particularly edible oils, containing an acid activated clay having a specifically defined particle size distribution. Also disclosed are methods of making the bleaching materials, and systems and methods for purifying oils using the acid activated clay having the specifically defined particle size distribution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of processing an acid suspension containing at least one solid, wherein (a) the suspension containing at least one solid is mixed with an alkali metal silicate solution, the pH of the mixture being adjusted to a pH of more than 4, and (b) the resulting precipitate which contains the alkali metal silicate and the at least one solid is separated and optionally washed, dried and ground. The mixture according to (a) after aging may be acidified further by the addition of an acid. Furthermore, there are disclosed an adsorbent obtainable according to the preceding process, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A composition, containing vanadium and a support, wherein at least a portion of the vanadium has crystallite sizes of less than about 100 ? as determined by an analytical method such as X-Ray Diffraction, is disclosed. A method of preparing such composition is also disclosed. The composition is employed in a process to remove a heavy metal from a gaseous feed stream which can optionally include a separate mercury adsorption stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid, acid catalyst for the preparation of polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymers, diesters or monoesters of these polymers by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer, which has a BET surface area of at least 160 m2/g and an acid center density of at least 0.05 mmol/g for pKa values of from 1 to 6, to a process for preparing it and to a process for the polymerization of cyclic ethers over this catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing an adsorbing agent, an absorbing agent obtained by the method, and its use as bleaching earth, in particular for refining oils and fats, is described. In the method according to the invention, a raw clay with a specific surface area of more than 200 m2/g, an ion exchange capacity of more than 40 meq/100 g and a pore volume of more than 0.5 ml/g is used. At least 40% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a pore diameter of at least 14 nm, and at most 25% of the pore volume are provided by pores which have a diameter of less than 7.5 nm. Surface activation with an acid gives an adsorbing agent which has a bleaching activity which partly exceeds that of high performance bleaching earths obtained by intensive dealuminization and washing with strong acid.

Abstract: A process for producing catalysts by acid activation of phyllosilicates and coating with catalytically active metal ions wherein the acid activation is carried out in the presence of catalytically active metal ions. The solution which forms during acid activation together with the remaining solution which contains the excess, catalytically active cations are separated. The catalysts can be used for proton-catalyzed and Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions, especially for conversion of higher olefins with aromatic hydroxy compounds and amines, for esterification and dehydration reactions and for purification of aromatics.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring, acidic hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the hormite clay products to form clay clumps, selecting a naturally occurring less acidic, clay product which contains a higher level of montmorillonite than does the acidic hormite clay, aging the crushed hormite clay for about one (1) month or more, blending the aged hormite clay with the less acidic clay product either before or after aging and activating the clay with small quantities of acid. An acceptable bleaching clay product can be produced without activation with acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the clay product to form clay clumps less than 6 in. in diameter, and aging the crushed hormite clay for at least about one (1) month. Acceptable bleaching clay products can also be produced by the addition of extremely small quantities of a concentrated acid to the aged hormite clay.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for treating gaseous media containing volatile organic components. According to the invention, the material is porous and exhibits an absorption capacity of approximately 20-30% in relation to the dry weight thereof, containing approximately 47-52% by weight of a composite carbon and silicon structure, approximately 12-20 wt. % carbon, approximately 5-7 wt % hydroxyl, and approximately 1-2 wt % oxygen. The invention can be used in atmospheric treatment for the preservation of living matter.

Abstract: A dealuminized catalyst carrier, a method for producing a catalyst carrier having a lower aluminum content on the basis of naturally occurring sheet silicates, such as montmorilonite, and to a method for hydrating C2 or C3 olefins which uses the catalyst carrier having a lower aluminum content. For the acid-catalyzed hydration reaction the carrier is saturated with phosphoric acid. The improvement the invention provides for in comparison with known hydration methods is characterized in that the carrier is no longer subject to aluminum leaching in the presence of phosphoric acid. As a result, there is no further risk of aluminum phosphate blockages occurring in the apparatus positioned downstream of the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a highly active metallocene catalyst supported on polymer bead for olefin polymerization, a metallocene catalyst prepared by the said process and a method for alkylene polymerization by employing the said catalyst. The process for preparing a highly active metallocene catalyst supported on polymer bead for olefin polymerization which comprises the steps of: dissolving divinylbenzene, vinylbenzylchloride, and an initiator in an organic solvent, mixing it with a suspension stabilizer of aqueous phase, and carrying out suspension-polymerization at the temperature of 40 to 80° C. to obtain polystyrene; swelling the polystyrene in dialcoholamine dissolved in an organic solvent at ambient temperature for 1 to 3 days, to give a polymer having a functional group of dialcoholamine; and, reacting the polymer with a metallocene compound (CpM*Cl3) dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing bi-functional catalyst for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), that comprises molecular sieves, modified clay and semi-basic alumina and the catalyst for highly effective cracking of high boiling petroleum feedstock to provide simultaneously, enhanced yields of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and reduction of undesirable bottoms.

Abstract: Activated regular-shaped clay particles forming macropores therein, preserving fine structure of the dioctahedral smectite clay minerals, and having particle diameters controlled to lie within a range in which they exhibit excellent filtering property. The invention further provides method of producing activated regular-shaped clay particles comprising the steps of adjusting the particle size of the dioctahedral smectite clay minerals to possess a volume-based median diameter (D50) of from 1 to 10 &mgr;m as found by a laser diffraction method, mixing an acid-soluble or acid-decomposing inorganic compound to the milled product thereof, granulating the mixture into regular particles having a volume-based median diameter (D50) of from 10 to 60 &mgr;m as found by a laser diffraction method, and treating the regular-shaped particles with an acid while maintaining the particle shapes.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring, acidic hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the hormite clay products to form clay clumps, selecting a naturally occurring less acidic, clay product which contains a higher level of montmorillonite than does the acidic hormite clay, aging the crushed hormite clay, blending the aged hormite clay with the less acidic clay product either before or after aging and activating the clay with small quantities of acid. An acceptable bleaching clay product can be produced without activation with acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a coordinating catalyst system comprising at least one metallocene or constrained geometry pre-catalyst transition metal compound, (e.g., di-(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride), at least one support-activator (e.g., spray dried silica/clay agglomerate), and optionally at least one organometallic compound (e.g., triisobutyl aluminum), in controlled amounts, and methods for preparing the same. The resulting catalyst system exhibits enhanced activity for polymerizing olefins and yields polymer having very good morphology. The support-activator is a layered material having a negative charge on its interlaminar surfaces and is sufficiently Lewis acidic to activate the transition metal compound for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: An economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays and the products made therefrom. It involves reacting a slurry comprising non-peptized boehmite with a magnesium source. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the following components (A) and (B): Component (A): an ion-exchange layered silicate having an acid site of at most −8.2 pKa, the amount of the acid site is equivalent to at least 0.05 mmol/g of 2,6-dimethylpyridine consumed for neutralization; and Component (B): a compound of a transition metal belonging to Group 3 to Group 12 of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the clay product to form clay clumps less than 6 in. in diameter, aging the crushed hormite clay and activating the clay with extremely small amounts of acid, in the range of less than 1 percent, by weight. Also, an acceptable bleaching clay product can be produced without the addition of any acid to the aged hormite clay.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the clay product to form clay clumps less than 6 in. in diameter, aging the crushed hormite clay and activating the clay with extremely small amounts of acid, in the range of less than 1 percent, by weight. Also, an acceptable bleaching clay product can be produced without the addition of any acid to the aged hormite clay.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a coordinating catalyst system comprising at least one bidentate or tridentate ligand containing pre-catalyst transition metal compound, (e.g., 2,6-bis (2,4,6-trimethylarylamino)pyridyl iron dichloride), at least one support-activator (e.g., spray dried silica/clay agglomerate), and optionally at least one organometallic compound (e.g., triisobutyl aluminum), in controlled amounts, and methods for preparing the same. The resulting catalyst system exhibits enhanced activity for polymerizing olefins and yields polymer having very good morphology.

Abstract: Sodalite is treated with acid to transform the surface to provide a highly macroporous material that demonstrates water swing capacities exceeding those of high performance, low temperature desiccants under high latent load at relatively high ambient temperature and humidities.

Abstract: A bleaching clay having an enhanced bleaching performance in oils is produced by first beneficiating a raw clay to remove sand and thereafter conditioning and then concentrating the beneficiated clay with a pH modifier and a Lewis acid salt.

Abstract: A material and method for removal of environmental oxyanions (and especially phosphates), the material comprising a substrate such as a clay modified with complexing elements selected from Group IIIB, Group IVB, and lanthanide elements (or a mixture of such elements). The resultant modified substrate can bind oxyanions and make them unavailable for utilisation in the environment; in the case of phosphates, by algae and the like. The method includes forming a capping of material at the sediment/water interface, applying the material in the form of pellets at the sediment/water interface, or injecting the pellets into the sediment.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the following components (A) and (B):

Abstract: Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonites, are activated by contacting the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration and then drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form an activated bentonite catalyst. This activated bentonite catalyst may be used to polymerize a vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomer. In a further embodiment, a perflourinated amine or diamine is synthesized by contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration, drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite, and absorbing a secondary amine with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form a perflouroamide iodide salt. The perflouramide idodide salt can then be extracted with a polar solvent and neutralized by the use of a basic solution.

Abstract: Economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of anionic clays and anionic clay-like materials with acetate anions as the charge-balancing interlayer species are disclosed. The processes involve combining a slurry of a gibbsite or its thermally treated form with a slurry or solution of a magnesium source and magnesium acetate. The product is not washed, needs no filtration and exists in a close-to-neutral pH condition. The product can be spray dried directly to form microspheres, or it can be extruded to form shaped bodies. Because of the absence of foreign salts, the product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: A process for the production of a bleaching clay product which includes the steps of selecting a naturally occurring hormite clay product, cleaning and crushing the clay product to form clay clumps less than 2 in. in diameter, aging the crushed hormite clay and activating the clay with extremely small amounts of acid, in the range of less than 1 percent, by weight. The process may also be conducted without an aging step. Also, an acceptable bleaching clay product can be produced without the addition of any acid to the aged hormite clay.

Abstract: Provided are an industrially advantageous process for producing a polymer of polyvinyl ether at a temperature of not lower than a room temperature for short time, and a catalyst used for the process. The above process is characterized by using an acid clay mineral subjected to acid treatment as a catalyst to polymerize vinyl ether.

Abstract: The invention provides media for absorption of phosphate and metal contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream and a method of making such media. The media comprise alumina with relatively minor amounts of calcia and magnesia and are made by a process in which the minor components or precursors of such components are dispersed in a gelled sol of a hydrated alumina such as boehmite.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds wherein the catalyst is a naturally acidic smectite clay containing exchangeable cations wherein the naturally acidic smectite clay has a cation exchange capacity of 40 to 80 meq./100 g. and wherein the exchangeable cations include 5 to 70 meq./100 g. of Al.sup.3+ cations, a process for the preparation of this catalyst including treating a naturally acidic smectite clay with an aluminum salt solution wherein the salt solution includes Al.sup.3+ ions at a concentration of at least 10 meq./100 g. of the catalyst, and a process for the removal of olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds using the above-described catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst is described on the basis of acid-activated smectitic clay minerals for removing olefins from aromatic compounds or mixtures of aromatic compounds which is characterized in that the acid-activated clay mineral contains at least 5 milli-equivalents/100 g of exchangeable Al.sup.3+ cations.