Abstract: Structural catalyst bodies are described herein which, in some embodiments, can be used in the treatment of nitrogen oxides present in exhaust or flue gases from stationary or mobile combustion sources. In some embodiments, a structural catalyst body described herein comprises an outer peripheral wall and a plurality of inner partition walls having an average thickness less than about 0.5 mm, the outer peripheral wall and the inner partition walls having dispersed throughout a chemical composition comprising 50-99.9% by weight an inorganic oxide composition, less than 3% by weight an inorganic extrusion aid and at least 0.1% by weight a catalytically active metal functional group comprising vanadium, the structural catalyst body having a crystalline vanadium pentoxide content less than 0.1 weight percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for decomposing hydrocarbons including hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms, comprising magnesium, aluminum, nickel and cobalt as constitutional elements, and further comprising ruthenium and/or palladium, wherein the metallic ruthenium and/or metallic palladium in the form of fine particles have an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 20 nm, and a content of the metallic ruthenium and/or metallic palladium is 0.05 to 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is capable of efficiently decomposing hydrocarbons including hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms (C2 or more hydrocarbons), is less expensive, and exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for decomposition and removal of hydrocarbons, in particular, an excellent capability of decomposing propane, and an excellent anti-coking property.

Abstract: A method of preparing a mercury sorbent material comprising making a copper/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry copper source; making a sulfur/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry sulfur source; admixing the copper/clay mixture and the sulfur/clay mixture, to form a mercury sorbent pre-mixture; and shearing the mercury sorbent pre-mixture to form the mercury sorbent material. The mercury sorbent material has an interlayer d(001)-spacing of less than 12 ? when the mercury sorbent material contains less than 4 wt % water, and a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the mercury sorbent material is substantially free of a diffraction peak at 2.73±0.01 ?, and the ?-potential of the mercury sorbent material is greater than the ?-potential of the dry clay.

Abstract: A regenerable sorbent for the removal of acid gas from a fluid stream. The regenerable sorbent is made from raw materials such as iron mineral, expansive clay and starch. Acid gas is removed from the fluid stream by a process where the raw materials are obtained, crushed, sifted, possibly pelletized, calcined and contacted with the fluid stream containing the acid gas.

Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst composition includes a hydroxyl group-containing porous oxide, and a composite porous catalyst supported by a porous supporter. The composite porous catalyst includes a catalyst metal.

Abstract: The invention provides an adsorbent for removing sulfur from cracking gasoline or diesel fuel, which adsorbent comprises: (1) a carrier consisting of a source of silica, an inorganic oxide binder, and at least one oxide of metal selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB; (2) at least one accelerant metal which is capable of reducing the sulfur in oxidized state to hydrogen sulfide and has a ?<0.5, wherein ?=(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in crystal phase)/(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in the adsorbent). The active components in the adsorbent can be evenly dispersed on the carrier in a matter close to monolayer dispersion, and which greatly improves the activity of the adsorbent. The preparation method and the use of the above adsorbent are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds, in particular the preparation of alicyclic polycarboxylic acids or their esters by core hydrogenation of the corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acids or their esters, and also to catalysts suitable therefore.

Abstract: Composite adsorbent beads have a porous and non-adsorbent core comprising at least one inorganic material and a porous and adsorbent shell comprising at least one adsorbent layer comprising a porous adsorbent material on the surface of the core. The core preferably comprises agglomerated inorganic particles having a mean particle size equal to or smaller than the mean particle size of the surrounding agglomerated adsorbent particles. The beads preferably are manufactured by calcining together a non-sintered core and the adsorbent layer. The beads can be used at the outlet end of an adsorption column to improve performance.

Abstract: Extruded isomerization catalysts comprising MgO, a metal silicate clay binder and a stabilizer and methods of forming such isomerization catalysts are disclosed. Also disclosed are isomerization catalysts that exhibit a fresh isomerization rate and an aged isomerization rate that is at least 50% of the fresh isomerization rate. Embodiments of the isomerization catalysts disclosed herein include metal silicate clay binders that include a layered structure and metal silicate. The metal silicate clay binder may be present in an amount in the range from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt %. Exemplary stabilizers include one or more of ZrO2, tetravalent rare earth metal and a trivalent rare earth metal. Stabilizers may be present in an amount up to about 40 wt %. One or more improved properties, such as piece crush strength and isomerization performance, are exhibited by the catalyst article.

Abstract: An adsorbent for desulfurizing cracking gasoline or diesel fuel comprising 1) pillared clay, (2) inorganic oxide binder, (3) an oxide of one or more metals selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB, and (4) at least one metal accelerant selected from cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese. The adsorbent exhibits excellent abrasion-resistant strength and desulfurization performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ammoxidation catalyst containing vanadium oxide, titanium oxide and diamond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst used in the manufacture of fatty acid alkyl esters and a method for preparing fatty acid alkyl esters using the same. The invention provides a high hardness solid ceramic metal catalyst obtained by mixing and sintering 0 wt %-80 wt % active catalyst material with a support material, wherein the support material is a silica alumina that is a mixed metal oxide and the active catalyst material is at least one of oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides of any kind selected from magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), beryllium (Be), copper r (Cu), zirconium (Zr), strontium (Sr), tin (Sn), and barium (Ba). In addition, the invention provides a method for preparing fatty acid alkyl esters by performing transesterification and esterification of animal and vegetable oils and alcohols in the state where the ceramic metal catalyst is fixed within a reactor without processes for removing and purifying the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is directed to hydrocracking catalysts and hydrocracking processes employing a magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay has a characteristic 29Si NMR spectrum. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay is the product of a series of specific reaction steps. Briefly, the magnesium aluminosilicate clay employed in the catalyst and process of the present invention is made by combining a silicon component, an aluminum component, and a magnesium component, under aqueous conditions and at an acidic pH, to form a first reaction mixture and subsequently the pH of the first reaction mixture is adjusted to greater than about 7.5 to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is allowed to react under conditions sufficient to form the magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The resulting magnesium aluminosilicate clay combines high surface area and activity for use in hydrocracking catalysts and processes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the maintenance of active chromium-based catalysts and their use in polymerization processes are described. In one embodiment, a system for the introduction of multiple polymerization components to activate a chromium based catalyst within a mix tank is described. Other described features may include materials and methods to purify the liquid medium of a catalyst slurry so that the catalyst slurry maintains a high level of activity. The active chromium-based catalyst may provide polyolefins with a number of desirable properties in a reliable, consistent, and predictable manner.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a synthesis process for preparing magnesium aluminosilicate clays and to the products of said process. Briefly, a silicon component, an aluminum component, and a magnesium component are combined, under aqueous conditions and at an acidic pH, to form a first reaction mixture and subsequently the pH of the first reaction mixture is adjusted to greater than 7.5 to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is allowed to react under conditions sufficient to form the magnesium aluminosilicate clay of the present invention. The invention is also directed to catalyst compositions comprising the magnesium aluminosilicate clays synthesized according to the process of the invention. The resulting magnesium aluminosilicate clay can be used as a catalyst or as a component in catalyst compositions.

Abstract: A metal loaded catalyst comprises a support and main active metal components and optional auxiliary active metal components, wherein the main active metal components are elementary substances and obtained by ionizing radiation reducing precursors of main active metal components. The catalyst can be widely used in the catalytic reactions of petrochemistry industry with high activity and selectivity. The catalyst can be used directly without being reduced preliminarily by hydrogen.

Abstract: To provide an industrially useful ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymer having both a high molecular weight and a high comonomer content, a catalyst component capable of realizing a production of two different kinds of ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymers, and a production process using the catalyst. An ?-olefin.((meth)acrylic acid)-based olefin copolymer is produced by using a metal complex complexed with a ligand represented by the following formula (Y is phosphorus or arsenic) for a catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present methods and systems relate to the removal of sulfur oxides and/or mercury from flue gases by use of a sorbent. Sorbent can comprise an alkali or alkaline earth metal oxide, a transition metal oxide catalyst, and a clay. The sorbent can additionally comprise a polyanion for binding mercury oxides and salts. Methods are provided to produce individual sorbent particles of small diameter, resulting in larger numbers of particles. The state of agglomeration of sorbent particles is important, and aspects of the production and composition of the sorbent are specified so as to either prevent agglomeration or to break up such agglomeration if it occurs. Methods of sorbent injection are indicated both to increase effectiveness as well as economic returns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of formulating and preparing supported multi-metal catalysts based on metal oxides and inorganic salts of metals. The impregnation technique is employed by two methods: the slurry method and the modified-pH variation method, which are used in two steps for obtaining the catalyst. The present invention also relates to a process called Glycerol to Propene (GTP) process, corresponding to the transformation of glycerol or glycerin to propene. The reaction involved in the process of the present invention is the selective hydrogenation of glycerin, which takes place by contact of the charge of glycerin carried by hydrogen in a continuous stream system on the catalytic bed containing multi-metal catalysts, specifically prepared for this purpose.

Abstract: A nanocrystalline supported or unsupported copper oxide with a residual carbon content of <10% and a BET surface area >95 m2/g. Further, a method for the production of a supported or unsupported nanocrystalline copper oxide as well as the use thereof in catalysis, in particular in the steam reforming of methanol or in the hydrogenation of esters.

Abstract: Composite particles of a metal oxide particle within a crosslinked, cored dendrimer are described. Additionally, methods of making the composite particles and compositions that contain the composite particles are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite solid acid catalyst consisting of from 50%-80% by weight of a porous inorganic support, from 15% to 48% by weight of a heteropoly compound loaded thereon, and from 2% to 6% by weight of an inorganic acid. The present invention further provides a process for preparing said composite solid acid catalyst and a process for conducting an alkylation reaction by using such catalyst. The composite solid acid catalyst of the present invention has the acid sites type of Brönsted acid and has an acid sites density of not less than 1.4×10?3 mol H+/g. Moreover, said composite solid acid catalyst has the homogeneous acid strength distribution, and is a solid acid catalyst having excellent performances.

Abstract: An architecture made of a ceramic or a metallic foam has at least one continuous and/or discontinuous, axial and/or radial porosity gradient ranging from 10 to 90% associated to a pore size range from 2 to 60 ppi, at least one continuous and/or discontinuous, axial and/or radial concentration gradient of catalytic active(s) phase(s) from 0.01 wt % to 100 wt % preferentially from 0.1 wt % to 20 wt %, and a microstructure with a specific area ranging between 0.1 to 30 m2/g, a grain size between 100 nm and 20 microns and a skeleton densification above 95%.

Abstract: Architecture comprising ceramic or metallic foam, characterized in that the foam has a constant axial and radial porosity between 10 to 90% with a pore size between 2 to 60 ppi, and at least one continuous and/or discontinuous, axial and/or radial concentration of catalytic active(s) phase(s) from 0.01 wt % to 100 wt %, preferentially from 0.1 to 20 wt. %, and in that the architecture has a microstructure comprising specific area ranging between 0.1 to 30 m2/g, a grain size between 100 nm and 20 microns and a skeleton densification above 95%.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst for the epoxidation of an olefin to an olefin oxide, the catalyst comprising a support having at least two pore size distributions, each pore size distribution possessing a different mean pore size and a different pore size of maximum concentration, the catalyst further comprising a catalytically effective amount of silver, a promoting amount of rhenium, and a promoting amount of one or more alkali metals, wherein the at least two pore size distributions are within a pore size range of about 0.01 ?m to about 50 ?m. The invention is also directed to a process for the oxidation of an olefin to an olefin oxide using the above-described catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a granulate having photocatalytic activity, comprising particles of an inorganic particulate material coated with a photocatalytically active compound for introducing photocatalytic activity into or on building materials. The invention is further related to the manufacture of such a granulate and its use into or on building materials such as cement, concrete, gypsum and/or limestone and water-based coatings or paints for reducing an accumulation and growth of microorganisms and environmental polluting substances on these materials and thus reducing the tendency of fouling, while the brilliance of the colour is maintained and the quality of the air is improved.

Abstract: Method of preparation of antioxidant composition on the basis of diphenylamine by catalytic alkylation of diphenylamine by an threefold excess of diisobutylene with regard to diphenylamine in the presence of an alkylation catalyst t in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, as referred to diphenylamine, at a temperature of 140 to 160° C. Water contained in the catalyst, is removed and subsequently diphenylamine is left to complete the reaction with diisobutylene and after the reaction is finished, the reaction mixture is separated from the catalyst, unreacted diisobutylene is removed from it and the reaction product is obtained.

Abstract: Coating for an offset paper comprising a catalyst for fixing polymerisable or crosslinkable constituents of the offset ink. The chemical drying time can be substantially reduced if such a catalyst system is added to the coating, wherein preferentially such a catalyst is a transition metal complex/salt, like Mn (2-ethylhexanoate, bpy).

Abstract: A metal trap particle used for passivation of metals during FCC cracking comprises a calcined spray dried particle formed from kaolin, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. The metal trap particle contains at least 10 wt. % magnesium oxide which improves metals passivation during FCC cracking.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and to the materials thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles consisting in: selecting a precursor from the salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements that can be reduced at temperatures below the clay silicate network destruction temperature; and depositing said precursor on a support selected from pseudolaminar phyllosilicate clays. According to the invention the method comprises: (i) a deposition step in which the precursor is deposited on the support: (ii) when the precursor is selected from among salts and hydroxides, a thermal decomposition step in a controlled atmosphere, in which the precursor is subjected to a decomposition process and is transformed into an oxide of the metallic element: and (iii) a reduction step in which the oxide of the metallic element is subjected to a reduction process in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for making a solid catalytic component for a Ziegler-Natta catalyst includes contacting a particulate porous support with a solution of a hydrocarbon soluble organomagnesium precursor compound in a hydrocarbon solvent; and reacting said hydrocarbon soluble organo-magnesium precursor compound with an amount of aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, said amount being within an acceptable range of a molar equivalent of aliphatic or aromatic alcohol calculated according to formula (I): Equ Alkanol = 2 · [ ( mmole ? ? MgR / g ? ? support ) - 2.1 - 0.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalytically active absorber for desulphurizing hydrocarbon streams by mixing a thermally decomposable copper source, a thermally decomposable molybdenum source, zinc oxide, and water, heating the mixture to decompose the copper and molybdenum sources to produce zinc oxide loaded with copper and molybdenum, and calcining the zinc oxide, wherein the zinc oxide has a specific surface area of more than 20 m2/g and an average particle size D50 in the range of from 7 to 60 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for reacting carbonitriles with water, wherein the catalyst comprises at least 60% by weight of manganese dioxide with an empirical formula MnOx where x is in the range from 1.7 to 2.0, and at least one plasticizer. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing the catalysts detailed above and to a process for preparing carboxamides by reacting carbonitriles with water in the presence of the present catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing a mercury sorbent material comprising making a copper/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry copper source; making a sulfur/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry sulfur source; admixing the copper/clay mixture and the sulfur/clay mixture, to form a mercury sorbent pre-mixture; and shearing the mercury sorbent pre-mixture to form the mercury sorbent material. The mercury sorbent material has an interlayer d(001)-spacing of less than 12 ? when the mercury sorbent material contains less than 4 wt % water, and a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the mercury sorbent material is substantially free of a diffraction peak at 2.73±0.01 ?, and the ?-potential of the mercury sorbent material is greater than the ?-potential of the dry clay.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and to the materials thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles consisting in: selecting a precursor from the salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements that can be reduced at temperatures below the clay silicate network destruction temperature; and depositing said precursor on a support selected from pseudolaminar phyllosilicate clays. According to the invention the method comprises: (i) a deposition step in which the precursor is deposited on the support: (ii) when the precursor is selected from among salts and hydroxides, a thermal decomposition step in a controlled atmosphere, in which the precursor is subjected to a decomposition process and is transformed into an oxide of the metallic element: and (iii) a reduction step in which the oxide of the metallic element is subjected to a reduction process in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an esterification catalyst composition that includes a zirconium compound and a method for producing an ester compound, which includes the steps of esterifying alcohol and carboxylic acid compounds by using the same, and it may be applied to a mass synthesis process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and to the materials thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of preparing metallic nanoparticles consisting in: selecting a precursor from the salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements that can be reduced at temperatures below the clay silicate network destruction temperature; and depositing said precursor on a support selected from pseudolaminar phyllosilicate clays. According to the invention the method comprises: (i) a deposition step in which the precursor is deposited on the support: (ii) when the precursor is selected from among salts and hydroxides, a thermal decomposition step in a controlled atmosphere, in which the precursor is subjected to a decomposition process and is transformed into an oxide of the metallic element: and (iii) a reduction step in which the oxide of the metallic element is subjected to a reduction process in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a metallic coating material to coat the surface of matrices with a metal, and it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a metallic coating material for which there is no concern that metallic powder will scatter or ignite at the time of production, and which is excellent in productivity not requiring any cumbersome process such as burning at a high temperature, etc., and is excellent in decorative features and functionality such as a catalyzing action. With the method for producing a metallic coating material according to the present invention, a metallic layer that coats the surface of the matrices with the metallic powder is formed by the mechanical alloying of matrices formed by any of ceramic, mineral, metal, synthetic resin, or a mixed material thereof, and metallic powder.

Abstract: Photocatalytic roofing granules include a binder and inert mineral particles, with photocatalytic particles dispersed in the binder.

Abstract: A shell catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), comprising a porous catalyst support based on a natural sheet silicate, in particular based on an acid-treated calcined bentonite, said catalyst support being loaded with Pd and Au and being designed as a shaped body. In order to provide a shell catalyst for the production of VAM, which shell catalyst is characterized by a relatively high VAM selectivity and also a high activity, it is proposed that the catalyst support has a surface area of less than 130 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalyst useful in the epoxidation of an olefin to an olefin oxide, the catalyst comprising a support having a multimodal pore size distribution comprising a first and a second distribution of pore sizes wherein each distribution of pore sizes possesses a different mean pore size and a different pore size of maximum concentration, the support having a catalytically effective amount of silver, a promoting amount of rhenium, and cesium in an amount up to, but not exceeding 700 ppm disposed thereon. The invention is also directed to methods for using the catalyst for the commercial production of an olefin oxide from olefin and oxygen-containing feed gases.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a supported or unsupported catalyst comprising an active phase constituted by a sulfur-containing group VIB element, the group VIB element being molybdenum, and a hydrodeoxygenation process with a yield of hydrodeoxygenation product which is greater than or equal to 90% of charges from renewable sources using a catalyst according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a modified adsorbent material impregnated with a metal oxide, which can be used in a filter element adapted for use in a smoking article. The modified adsorbent material exhibits increased filtration efficiency with respect to certain gas phase species of mainstream cigarette smoke. Exemplary adsorbent materials that can be modified according to the invention include activated carbon, molecular sieves, clays, ion exchange resins, activated aluminas, silica gels, meerschaum, and mixtures thereof. One example of a metal oxide is cerium oxide. Impregnation with a metal oxide can be accomplished by directly treating the adsorbent with a metal oxide or impregnating the adsorbent with a metal oxide precursor, such as cerium nitrate, followed by calcining the impregnated material to convert the precursor to the desired metal oxide. Methods of forming the modified adsorbent material and smoking article filters incorporating the modified adsorbent material are also provided.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an additive-containing anionic clay generally comprising the steps of: a) milling a physical mixture of a divalent metal compound and a trivalent metal compound, b) calcining the milled physical mixture at a temperature in the range of about 200 to about 8000 C, and c) rehydrating the calcined mixture in aqueous suspension to form the additive-containing anionic clay, wherein an additive is optionally present in the physical mixture of step (a) and present in the aqueous suspension of step (c), and the additive is essentially free of vanadium.

Abstract: This invention is directed to hydrodemetallization catalysts and hydrodemetallization processes employing a magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay has a characteristic 29Si NMR spectrum. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay is the product of a series of specific reaction steps. Briefly, the magnesium aluminosilicate clay employed in the catalyst and process of the invention is made by combining a silicon component, an aluminum component, and a magnesium component, under aqueous conditions and at an acidic pH, to form a first reaction mixture and subsequently the pH of the first reaction mixture is adjusted to greater than about 7.5 to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is allowed to react under conditions sufficient to form the magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The resulting magnesium aluminosilicate clay combines high surface area and activity for use in hydrodemetallization catalysts and processes.

Abstract: This invention is directed to hydrocracking catalysts and hydrocracking processes employing a magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay has a characteristic 29Si NMR spectrum. The magnesium aluminosilicate clay is the product of a series of specific reaction steps. Briefly, the magnesium aluminosilicate clay employed in the catalyst and process of the present invention is made by combining a silicon component, an aluminum component, and a magnesium component, under aqueous conditions and at an acidic pH, to form a first reaction mixture and subsequently the pH of the first reaction mixture is adjusted to greater than about 7.5 to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is allowed to react under conditions sufficient to form the magnesium aluminosilicate clay. The resulting magnesium aluminosilicate clay combines high surface area and activity for use in hydrocracking catalysts and processes.

Abstract: Multimetallic anionic clays (MACs) are prepared using economical raw materials or reactants and a procedure for obtaining a series of multimetallic mixed oxides derived from the thermal decomposition of the MACs which comprises: (1) dissolving water-soluble bimetallic and/or trimetallic sources in water, (2) dispersing and homogenizing separate water-insoluble divalent and/or trivalent metal precursors with a high-speed stirrer in order to obtain small and reactive particles; depending on the nature of the water-insoluble divalent and/or trivalent metal precursors, this process can be adjusted to a desired pH, (3) adding the suspension obtained in (2) to solution (1) with the reaction medium still dispersed to facilitate solid particle's reduction/dissociation, and (4) afterwards the slurry is aged for several hours and finally dried. This process enables raw materials or reactants to be easily handled, and eliminates unit operations involving product washing and/or purification steps.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a blended hydrous kaolin clay product comprising a platy coarse kaolin clay and a fine, hydrous kaolin clay. The blended kaolin clay product is suitable for use as a raw material component in the formation of cordierite products.

Abstract: Compositions and processed for their use as additives for reducing the sulfur content of FCC gasoline employ a support material having deposited on its surface (a) a first metal component from Group IIB of the Periodic Table and (b) a second metal component from Group III or Group IV of the Periodic Table. The additive composition is preferably made of a montmorillonite clay support containing zinc and gallium, zinc and zirconium. Alternatively, the additive composition includes support material having deposited on its surface a metal component from Group III of the Periodic Table, preferably a montmorillonite clay support containing gallium. The clay is impregnated with the metal(s) using the known incipient wetness method and the dried powdered additive composition is preferably formed into shapes suitable for use in the FCC unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cobalt catalyst is described, which comprises the steps of forming an aqueous solution of a cobalt amine complex, oxidising said solution such that the concentration of Co(III) in the oxidised solution is greater than the concentration of Co(III) in the un-oxidized solution, and then decomposing the cobalt amine complex by heating the solution to a temperature between 80 and 110° C. for sufficient time to allow an insoluble cobalt compound to precipitate out of the solution. A catalyst intermediate is also described which comprises a cobalt compound, comprising a Co(II)/Co(III) hydrotalcite phase and a CO3O4 cobalt spine) phase, wherein the ratio of cobalt hydrotalcite phase: cobalt spine) phase is less than 0.6:1, said cobalt hydrotalcite phase and said cobalt spine) phase being measured by X-ray diffractometry.