Abstract: Compounds and compositions of said compounds along with methods of use of compounds are disclosed for treating ophthalmic conditions related to mislocalization of opsin proteins, the misfolding of mutant opsin proteins and the production of toxic visual cycle products that accumulate in the eye. Compounds and compositions useful in the these methods, either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, are also described.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition comprising (a) a pesticidal effective amount of at least one compound of formula I in which Q is i or ii or iii or an agrochemically acceptable salt or an N-oxide thereof, and (b) a plant growth regulator, where the ratio of compound of formula I to plant growth regulator is from 20:1 to 1:25.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and/or molluscicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

Abstract: Gel prevention agents and methods for use with agricultural products include certain alkylamido amines and their quaternary ammonium counterparts that, when blended with products containing alkoxylated surfactants, the alkylamido amines and their quaternary counterparts reduce the gel formation tendency of such products.

Abstract: This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”): and processes related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synergistic mixtures of chlormequatchloride with insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising a pesticide and an alkoxylate. The invention further relates to the alkoxylate, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof as adjuvant in pesticide-comprising spray mixtures. The invention further relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or undesirable plant growth and/or undesirable insect or mite infestation and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the respective pests, the habitat thereof or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, on the soil and/or on undesirable plants and/or the crop plants and/or the habitat thereof. Furthermore, the invention relates to seed comprising the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a composition, which comprises (A) an amidine compound of formula (I) and a further fungicidally (B-1), insecticidally (B-2) active or plant growth regulating compound (B-3). Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or reducing the mycotoxin contamination of plant or plant parts, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a composition, which comprises (A) a dithiino-tetracarboximide of formula (I) and (B) a further herbicidally active compound or (C) a plant growth regulator and/or (D) a safener for reducing phytotoxic actions of agrochemicals. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed.

Abstract: Spray drift during the application of an aqueous mixture of an auxinic herbicide is reduced by incorporating into a spray mixture an organic colloid-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition comprising (a) a pesticidal effective amount of at least one compound of formula I in which Q is i or ii or iii or an agrochemically acceptable salt or an N-oxide thereof, and (b) a plant growth regulator, where the ratio of compound of formula I to plant growth regulator is from 20:1 to 1:25.

Abstract: The invention disclosed in this document concerns controlling planthoppers.

Abstract: Tetraalkyl ammonium halides are applied to a broad range of undesirable terrestrial plants for fast and effective herbicidal activity. It is desirable to use a herbicidally effective amount of the chemical formula R1R2N(+)R3R4 X(?), wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently C1 to C4 alkyl; R3 and R4 are each independently C8 to C16 alkyl; X is chloride or bromide. This herbicide may be used alone, or in combination with at least one additional herbicide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and composition for improving the efficacy of a plant growth regulator by the use of, particularly but not exclusively, anthranilic acid in combination with an additional agrochemically acceptable additive.

Abstract: A method for increasing the vigor and/or crop yield of agricultural plants under essentially non-existent pathogen pressure, wherein the plants, the plant propagules, the seed of the plants and/or the locus where the plants are growing or are intended to grow are treated with an effective amount of a composition comprising a) the Bacillus subtilis strain with NRRL Accession No. B-21661 or a cell-free extract thereof, and/or a mutant of this strain or extract having all the identifying characteristics of the respective strain or extract as component (I), and b) optionally at least one chemical compound as component (II), selected from the active compound groups A) to J): A) strobilurins; B) carboxamides; C) azoles; D) heterocyclic compounds; E) carbamates; F) other active substances; G) growth regulators; H) herbicides; J) insecticides.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel methods for controlling higher terrestrial plants using at least one trialkylbenzyl ammonium halide. In one example, the trialkylbenzyl ammonium halide includes the chemical formula below C6H5—CH2—N(+)R1R2R3X(?) wherein, R1 and R2 are each independently C1 to C4 alkyl; R3 is C8 to C18 alkyl or alkenyl; X is chloride or bromide. The methods of the present disclosure are useful for controlling both mono- and dicotyledonous plants in a broad range of applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synergistic mixtures of chlormequat chloride with insecticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or improving the health of a plant, in particular by seed treatment using a combination of pyraclostrobin and a plant growth regulator.

Abstract: A composition suitable for control of diseases caused by phytopathogens comprising (A) a compound of Formula (I) wherein R1 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl and X is chloro, fluoro or bromo; and (B) at least one compound selected from compounds known for their fungicidal activity; and a method of controlling diseases on useful plants, especially rust diseases on soybean plants.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkylated N- or amino, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium group-containing, crosslinked polymer gels, which is characterized in that a) in the crosslinkage step an aqueous solution of a polymer obtained by polymerization of the corresponding monomer is adjusted to a pH of 7.5–14 at a temperature of 0 to 90° C.

Abstract: A herbicidal formulation comprising of incorporating the herbicide in a micelle or vesicle and adsorbing said micelle or vesicle containing herbicide on clay mineral. The formulation is suitable in particular for negatively charged herbicides at pH above 6. The herbicidal formulation provides slow release and reduced leaching of the herbicide to deep soil layers, thus reducing contamination of underground water and soil. Furthermore, the herbicide is maintained in the target vicinity, thus its efficiency is enhanced and a smaller concentration may be used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions based on a homogeneous, aqueous phase comprising at least one active ingredient from the class of the quaternized compounds, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers and ammonium nitrate. Further active ingredients can be incorporated. The homogeneous phase is stabilized by ammonium nitrate. The use of the compositions as bioregulators is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid fertilizer comprising a mixture of a salt of phosphorous acid together with either a thiosulphate such as ammonium or potassium thiosulphate and/or a salt of salicylic acid or salicyle amide. The use of this combination as a foliar spray, soil drench or irrigation component produces a greater fertilizer effect (on plant vigour and growth) and greater resistance to or control of parasitic fungal diseases, than each of the components applied individually or any combination of just two components.

Abstract: A method of controlling unwanted plants, the method including providing an herbicidal composition, the herbicidal composition containing at least a naturally-occurring, plant-derived organic compound, and applying the herbicidal composition to the unwanted plants.

Abstract: A method of controlling unwanted plants, the method including providing an herbicidal composition, the herbicidal composition containing at least a naturally-occurring, plant-derived organic compound, and applying the herbicidal composition to the unwanted plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous homogeneous compositions in the form of active quaternary ammonium compound concentrates such as mepiquat or chlormequat, for regulating plant growth, and to the use of these active compound concentrates for preparing aqueous spray solutions having increased activity.

Abstract: Wood preservatives having biocidal properties which include quaternary ammonium compounds of general formula (I): wherein R1 is a C8-18-alkyl group or an optionally substituted benzyl group, R2 is a C8-18-alkyl group, R3 is a C1-4-alkyl group or a group of the formula —[CH2—CH2—O]n—H, R4 is a C1-4-alkyl group, n is a number from 0.5 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5, and A31 is the anion of an organic carboxylic acid which contains 2 to 12 C atoms and carries at least one hydroxyl, amino or sulfonic acid group. The wood preservatives also penetrate deeply into the wood without the use of pressure, and have only a mild corrosive action on metals. Furthermore, a process for treating timbers with these compositions, concentrates for the preparation thereof, the use of new and known quaternary ammonium compounds in wood preservatives and new quaternary ammonium compounds and their use as biocides.

Abstract: Wood preservatives having biocidal properties which include quaternary ammonium compounds of general formula (I): wherein R1 is a C8-18-alkyl group or an optionally substituted benzyl group, R2 is a C8-18-alkyl group, R3 is a C1-4-alkyl group or a group of the formula —[CH2—CH2—O]n—H, R4 is a C1-4-alkyl group, n is a number from 0.5 to 8, preferably from 1 to 5, and A− is the anion of an organic carboxylic acid which contains 2 to 12 C atoms and carries at least one hydroxyl, amino or sulfonic acid group. The wood preservatives also penetrate deeply into the wood without the use of pressure, and have only a mild corrosive action on metals. Furthermore, a process for treating timbers with these compositions, concentrates for the preparation thereof, the use of new and known quaternary ammonium compounds in wood preservatives and new quaternary ammonium compounds and their use as biocides.

Abstract: A treatment for relieving or combating stress in a plant before harvesting is described in which an amount of an osmolyte regulator is applied to the plant at a predetermined time before harvesting so as to prevent or reduce blemishes or damage of the skin of the plant. The treatment may be applied to a diverse range of plants such as pears, peaches, cherries and similar fruit, and tropical fruits and nuts. A preferred osmolyte regulator is glycine betaine or other betaine derivatives, and the preferred dosage rate is up to 20,000 ppm in aqueous solution with or without other additives. The osmolyte regulator is applied to the plants by spraying the leaves. Other osmolyte regulators are compounds such as N-methyl substituted amino acids, proline, or choline, stachydrine, trigonelline, and homostachydrine, glycine, glutamic acid, GABA, trimethylamine, or butyric acid.

Abstract: Application of an osmolyte regulator alleviates or combats the effects of stress developing in plants, particularly cotton plants. The osmolyte regulator is preferably glycine betaine and is applied to the growing plants in a dosage of from 0.1 to 10.0 kg/ha. Typically, the osmolyte regulator is applied at the initiation of flowering or shortly thereafter. Application of the osmolyte regulator increases the yield of the plant, thereby increasing the economic value of the plant by reducing the adverse effects of stress.

Abstract: Exogenous use of betaine and adjuvant improves the yield of plants. Betaine and adjuvant can be applied either together or separately and used under both normal and stress conditions. Also disclosed are combinations of betaine and adjuvant, treatment of plants exogenously with betaine and adjuvant, and products obtained from such plants.

Abstract: A new compound, Denatonium Capsaicinate, and a method of producing the same are disclosed. Denatonium Capsaicinate provides an enhanced bitter and/or spicy, pungent flavor and may be used as an aversive agent, biocide, antifoulant and flavorant, for example. It is formed by reaction of a denatonium compound, Lidocaine or Lidocaine derivative with Capsaicin or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Exogenous use of betaine on tobacco plants improves the yield, especially tobacco plants grown under stress conditions.

Abstract: Ionene polymers having biologically-active organic and/or inorganic anions are described. Methods to prepare the ionene polymers, compositions containing them and their methods of use are also described.

Abstract: The systemic activity of systemic active ingredients in sprayed foliar systemic compositions is improved by incorporating water soluble polyacrylamide in the sprayed composition. The polyacrylamide can have a molecular weight sufficiently low that its presence does not substantially affect the spray pattern of the composition, and the polyacrylamide can have low solution viscosity such that a convenient concentrate can comprise an aqueous solution of the active ingredient and the polymer. Alternatively, the polymer can be supplied as a powder or as a reverse phase emulsion or dispersion. The sprayable composition is preferably formulated such that the spray droplets have a small particle size.

Abstract: The systemic activity of systemic active ingredients in sprayed foliar systemic compositions is improved by incorporating water soluble polymer. The polymer can have a molecular weight sufficiently low that its presence does not substantially affect the spray pattern of the composition and such that the polymer can initially be supplied as an aqueous solution having 1 to 25% concentration. When the active ingredient is water soluble, for instance glyphosate or chlormequat, a concentrate can comprise an aqueous solution of the active ingredient and the polymer.

Abstract: Precipitate-free aqueous compositions, well adapted as agricultural chemicals, e.g., crop protectants, are comprised of at least one water soluble cationic organic compound, e.g., a pesticidally active quaternary ammonium compound, and a thickening amount of a xanthan gum having an intrinsic viscosity of less than 3,500 cm.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected according to the following:A. R is (C.sub.11 -C.sub.16) alkyl (straight or branched), and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined to form a morpholine, pyrrolidine, or piperidine ring with the N;B. R is (C.sub.11 -C.sub.16) and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) alkyl which in the case of C.sub.3 can be branched; andC. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same and are (C.sub.6 -C.sub.12) alkyl, straight or branched, and R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.16) alkyl, straight or branched; andX.sup.- =an anion preferably selected from chlorine, bromine, iodine, phosphate, acetate, benzoate, citrate, tartrate, alkyl- or aryl-sulfonate, and alkylsulfate.

Abstract: Dormant seeds , e.g., of lettuce, tomatoes, peppers, carrots, onions, impatiens and primrose, are produced by soaking non-dormant seeds in a solution of gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, preferably tetcyclacis, preferably in the dark at 25.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. for at least 24 hours, washing to remove the inhibitor and drying to original seed weight. The dormancy can be released by application of a gibberellin, and in some cases by moist chilling, or exposure to light at 25.degree. C. to 35.degree. C.