MOLECULES HAVING CERTAIN PESTICIDAL UTILITIES, AND INTERMEDIATES, COMPOSITIONS, AND PROCESSES RELATED THERETO

- DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and/or molluscicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).

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Description
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, processes to produce such molecules and intermediates used in such processes, compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such molecules against such pests. These molecules may be used, for example, as nematicides, acaricides, insecticides, miticides, and molluscicides.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

“Many of the most dangerous human diseases are transmitted by insect vectors” (Rivero, A. et al., Insect Control of Vector-Borne Diseases: When is Insect Resistance a Problem? Public Library of Science Pathogens, 6(8) (2010)). Historically, vector-borne diseases, such as, malaria, dengue, yellow fever, plague, and louse-borne typhus, among others, were responsible for more human disease and death from the 1600's through the early 1900's than all other causes combined (Gubler D., Resurgent Vector-Borne Diseases as a Global Health Problem, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 4, No. 3, July-September (1998)). Currently, vector-borne diseases are responsible for about 17% of the global parasitic and infectious diseases. It has been estimated that about 250 million people around the world have malaria and about 800,000 deaths occur each year −85% of those deaths are children under the age of five. A further 250,000 to 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur each year (Matthews, G., Integrated Vector Management: controlling vectors of malaria and other insect vector borne diseases (2011)). Vector control plays a critical role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. However, insecticide resistance, including resistance to multiple insecticides, has arisen in all insect species that are major vectors of human diseases (Rivero, A. et al.).

Each year insects, plant pathogens, and weeds destroy more than 40% of all potential food production. This loss occurs despite the application of pesticides and the use of a wide array of non-chemical controls, such as crop rotations and biological controls. If just some of this food could be saved, it could be used to feed the more than three billion people in the world who are malnourished (Pimental, D., Pest Control in World Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences—Vol. II (2009)).

Plant parasitic nematodes are among the most widespread pests, and are frequently one of the most insidious and costly. It has been estimated that losses attributable to nematodes are from about 9% in developed countries to about 15% in undeveloped countries. However, in the United States of America, a survey of 35 States on various crops indicated nematode-derived losses of up to 25% (Nicol, J. et al., Current Nematode Threats to World Agriculture, Genomic and Molecular Genetics of Plant—Nematode Interactions (Eds. Jones, J. et al.), Chapter 2, (2011)).

It is noted that gastropods (slugs and snails) are pests of less economic importance than insects or nematodes, but in certain areas, gastropods may reduce yields substantially, severely affecting the quality of harvested products, as well as transmitting human, animal, and plant diseases. While only a few dozen species of gastropods are serious regional pests, a handful of species are important pests on a world-wide scale. In particular, gastropods affect a wide variety of agricultural and horticultural crops, such as arable, pastoral, and fiber crops; vegetables; bush and tree fruits; herbs; and ornamentals (Speiser, B., Molluscicides, Encyclopedia of Pest Management (2002)).

Termites cause damage to all kinds of private and public structures, as well as to agricultural and forestry resources. In 2003, it was estimated that termites cause over US$20 billion in damage world-wide each year (Su, N.Y., Overview of the global distribution and control of the Formosan subterranean termite, Sociobiology 2003, 41, 177-192).

Therefore, for many reasons, including the above reasons, a need exists for new pesticides.

DEFINITIONS

The examples given in the definitions are generally non-exhaustive and must not be construed as limiting the molecules disclosed in this document. It is understood that a substituent should comply with chemical bonding rules and steric compatibility constraints in relation to the particular molecule to which it is attached.

“Alkenyl” means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon double bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

“Alkenyloxy” means an alkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, allyloxy, butenyloxy, pentenyloxy, hexenyloxy.

“Alkoxy” means an alkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, and tert-butoxy.

“Alkyl” means an acyclic, saturated, branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and tert-butyl.

“Alkynyl” means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon triple bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, butynyl, and pentynyl.

“Alkynyloxy” means an alkynyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, pentynyloxy, hexynyloxy, heptynyloxy, and octynyloxy.

“Aryl” means a cyclic, aromatic substituent consisting of hydrogen and carbon, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.

“Cycloalkenyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon double bond) substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, norbornenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, hexahydronaphthyl, and octahydronaphthyl.

“Cycloalkenyloxy” means a cycloalkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclobutenyloxy, cyclopentenyloxy, norbornenyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyloxy.

“Cycloalkyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, norbornyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and decahydronaphthyl.

“Cycloalkoxy” means a cycloalkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, norbornyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxy.

“Halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.

“Haloalkoxy” means an alkoxy further consisting of, from one to the maximum possible number of identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, chloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, and pentafluoroethoxy.

“Haloalkyl” means an alkyl further consisting of, from one to the maximum possible number of, identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl.

“Heterocyclyl” means a cyclic substituent that may be fully saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated, where the cyclic structure contains at least one carbon and at least one heteroatom, where said heteroatom is nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. Examples of aromatic heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, indazolyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, and triazolyl. Examples of fully saturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydropyranyl. Examples of partially unsaturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”)

wherein:
(A) Ar1 is selected from

(1) phenyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or

(2) substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, or substituted pyrimidinyl,

    • wherein said substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, and substituted pyrimidinyl, have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy
    • wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
      (B) Het is a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen, and where Ar1 and Ar2 are not ortho to each other (but may be meta or para, such as, for a five-membered ring they are 1,3 and for a 6-membered ring they are either 1, 3 or 1,4) and where said heterocyclic ring may also be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy

wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;

(C) Ar2 is selected from

(1) phenyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or

(2) substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, or substituted pyrimidinyl,

    • wherein said substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, and substituted pyrimidinyl, have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy
    • wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
      (D) R1 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), and (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl),

wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;

(E) R2 is selected from (J), H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkylphenyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O-phenyl, C(═O)(Het-1), (Het-1), (C1-C6 alkyl)-(Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)OC1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl C(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl-(Het-1), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)(Het-1), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl(N(Rx)(Ry))(C(═O)OH), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkylN(Rx)(Ry), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkylN(Rx)O(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl(N(Rx)O(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl)(C(═O)OH), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)(Het-1)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O-0(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)(Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl-O-0(═O)C1-C6 alkyl-N(Rx)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)S-(Het-1) or C1-C6 alkyl-O-(Het-1),

wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, and (Het-1) are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)OH, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)O(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, Si(C1-C6 alkyl)3, S(═O)nNRxRy, or (Het-1);

(F) R3 is selected from phenyl, C1-C6 alkylphenyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O-phenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-O-phenyl, (Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl(Het-1), or C1-C6 alkyl-O-(Het-1),

wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, and (Het-1) are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), O(C1-C6 alkyl), S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)O(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1);

(G) R4 is selected from (J), H, or C1-C6 alkyl;
(H) Q1 is selected from O or S,
(I) Rx and Ry are independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), and phenyl,

wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1), are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, Cr C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)OH, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, halophenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1),

or Rx and Ry together can optionally form a 5- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic group which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and where said cyclic group may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, CN, oxo, thioxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1);

(J) R2 and R4 may be a 1- to 4-membered saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbyl link, which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and together with Cx(Q1)(Nx) forms a cyclic structure, wherein said hydrocarbyl link may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R5, R6, and R7, wherein each R5, R6, and R7 is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, C1-C6 alkyl, oxo, thioxo, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenoxy, or (Het-1);
(K) (Het-1) is a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, wherein said heterocyclic ring may also be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy,

wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;

(L) L is linker selected from

(1) a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear (C1-C4)hydrocarbyl linker, or

(2) a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, cyclic (C3-C8)hydrocarbyl group linker,

wherein each of said linkers connects Ar2 to NY and

wherein said substituted linear (C1-C4)hydrocarbyl linker and substituted cyclic (C3-C8)hydrocarbyl linker has one or more substituents independently selected from R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12, wherein each R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12, is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C8 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, or phenyl; and

(M) n is each individually 0, 1, or 2.

In another embodiment Ar1 is a substituted phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar1 is a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents selected from C1-C6 haloalkyl and C1-C6 haloalkoxy. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar1 is a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents selected from CF3, OCF3, and OC2F5. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Het is selected from benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, indazolyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl.

In another embodiment Het is triazolyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Het is 1,2,4 triazolyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Het is oxadiazolyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Het is 1,3,4 oxadiazolyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Het is pyrazolyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar2 is phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar2 is a substituted phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar2 is a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents selected from C1-C6 alkyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Ar2 is a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents wherein said substituent is CH3. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R1 is H. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R2, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R2 is (J), H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)N(RxRy), or (C1-C6 alkyl)S-(Het-1). This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R2 is (J), H, CH3, C1-C6 alkyl, CH2OC(═O)CH(CH3)2, CH2C(═O)N(H)(C(═O)OCH2Ph), or CH2S(3,4,5-trimethoxy-2-tetrahydropyran). This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R3, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is substituted phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is substituted phenyl wherein said substituted phenyl has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination R4 with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is substituted phenyl wherein said substituted phenyl has one or more substituents selected from F, CH3, 2—CH(CH3)2, CH(CH3)(C2H5), OCH3, and phenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is substituted phenyl wherein said substituted phenyl has more than one substituent and at least one pair of said substituents are not ortho to each other. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other R4 embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is C1-C6 alkylphenyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R3 is (Het-1). This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R4, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R4 is H. This embodiment may be used in combination R4 with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, Q1, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment Q1 is O. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links, and/or L.

In another embodiment R2 and R4 is a hydrocarbyl link wherein said hydrocarbyl link is substituted with oxo or C1-C6 alkyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, and/or L.

In another embodiment R2 and R4 is a hydrocarbyl link wherein said hydrocarbyl link is CH2C(═O), CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2, or CH2CH(CH3). This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, and/or L.

In another embodiment L is CH2CH2, CH2CH(CH3), CH═CH, CH(CH3)CH2, C(CH3)═CH, CH2, CH2CH2CH2, or cyclopropyl. This embodiment may be used in combination with the other embodiments of Ar1, Het, Ar2, R1, R2, R3, R4, Q1, and/or R2 and R4 hydrocarbyl links.

Many of the molecules of Formula One may be depicted in two or more tautomeric forms such as when R1, R2, or R4, is H (see for example, “Scheme TAU” below). For the sake of simplifying the schemes, all molecules have been depicted as existing as a single tautomer. Any and all alternative tautomers are included within the scope of this Formula One, and no inference should be made as to whether the molecule exists as the tautomeric form in which it is drawn.

The molecules of Formula One will generally have a molecular mass of about 400 Daltons to about 1200 Daltons. However, it is generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 300 Daltons to about 1000 Daltons, and it is even more generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 400 Daltons to about 750 Daltons.

Preparation of Thiobiurets

Thiobiurets disclosed herein are prepared from the corresponding isocyanate, Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NCO (1-2). Usually, these isocyanates are not isolated, but are instead generated in situ from a suitable precursor and used directly in the preparation of a thiobiuret. One such suitable precursor is an amine (1-1) which can be converted into an isocyanate by using one of several common reagents such as phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, or carbonyldiimidazole (Scheme 1, step a), in a mixed solvent system such as dichloromethane and water or diethyl ether and water, in the presence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate or triethylamine, at temperatures from about −10° C. to about 50° C.

Alternatively, the isocyanates may be generated via a Curtius rearrangement of an acyl azide, Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-C(O)N3 (1-4), which is, in turn, prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acid precursor, Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-CO2H (1-3). Formation of an acyl azide (Scheme 1, step b) occurs either by treatment of the acid with ethyl chloroformate and sodium azide in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine, or with diphenylphosphoryl azide in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine. The acyl azide is then made to undergo a Curtius rearrangement (which may need to be thermally induced), leading to the corresponding isocyanate (1-3). Depending on the nature of the particular acyl azide, this rearrangement may occur spontaneously at ambient temperature, or it may require heating from about 40° C. to about 100° C. in a suitable solvent, such as toluene, or acetonitrile, or an ethereal solvent such as dioxane or tetrahydrofuran. Azides of arylacetic acids are known, though frequently, due to their reactivity, they are not isolated as pure solids. Accordingly, the acyl azide intermediate is not always fully characterized, but may simply be heated directly without characterization, to generate the isocyanate.

An isocyanate, Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NCO (1-2), can be treated directly with an N-aryl thiourea (2-1) in the presence of about 0.1 to about 2 equivalents of an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate or sodium hydride, resulting in the formation of a thiobiuret (2-2, Scheme 2). The reaction can be performed at temperatures from about 0° C. to about 100° C., preferably from about 20° C. to about 80° C., in an aprotic solvent or solvent mixture chosen from acetonitrile, acetone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, or mixtures thereof, but use of acetonitrile is preferred.

Thiobiurets (2-2) generated in situ can be converted directly without purification into a variety of cyclized analogs (Scheme 3), or they can be isolated from the reaction medium prior to cyclization. Cyclization can be achieved by treatment with an α-halo ester such as methyl bromoacetate to form 2-imino 1,3-thiazolin-4-ones (3-1, step a) unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with R5; vicinal dihalides such as 1-bromo-2-chloroethane or 1,2-dichloroethane, to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazolines (3-2, step b) unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R5 or R6; α-halo ketones such as chloroacetone to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazoles (3-3, step c) unsubstituted with R5 or R6; or 1,3-dihalopropanes such as 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazinanes (3-4, step d) unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R5 or R6 or unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with R7. With step a, use of sodium acetate in a protic solvent such as ethanol or methanol, at temperatures ranging from about 20° C. to about 70° C. is preferred. With step b, use of an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate in a solvent such as acetonitrile or (preferably) 2-butanone, at a temperature between about 0° C. and about 80° C., is preferred.

An alternative method for preparing analogs having the general structure 3-1 (Scheme 3) is described in Scheme 3B, Intermediate 2-iminolthiazolidin-4-one (3-1a, step a) is reacted directly with an isocyanate (1-2), in the presence of about 0.1 to about 2 equivalents of an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate or sodium hydride to form cyclized thiobiuret (3-1). The reaction can be performed at temperatures from about 0° C. to about 100° C., preferably from about 20° C. to about 80° C., in an aprotic solvent or solvent mixture chosen from acetonitrile, acetone, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, or mixtures thereof, but use of acetonitrile is preferred.

Alternatively, the 2-iminothiazolidin-2-one (3-1a) may be reacted with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (step b), forming a 4-nitrophenyl carbamate intermediate (3-2a). This reaction is conducted with equimolar quantities of the imine and the chloroformate, in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, and in the presence of from about 0.1 to about 2 equivalents of an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate, preferably at room temperature. The intermediate (3-2a) may be isolated by filtration from inorganic salts and evaporation of solvent, or it can be used directly in step c. In step c, treatment of 3-2a with a primary alkyl amine Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2 may generate cyclized thiobiuret (3-1). Step c may also be conducted in the presence of an inorganic base such as cesium carbonate or potassium carbonate, from about 0.1 to about 2 equivalents, preferably about 1 to about 1.2 equivalents; it is also most conveniently run at room temperature, although it may be run at temperatures from about 0° C. to about 100° C.

Preparation of Triaryl-Intermediates

Molecules of Formula One can be prepared by making a triaryl intermediate, Ar1-Het-Ar2, and then linking it to an appropriate intermediate to form a desired compound. A wide variety of triaryl intermediates can be used to prepare molecules of Formula One, provided that such triaryl intermediates contain a suitable functional group on Ar2 to which the rest of the desired functional group can be attached. Suitable functional groups include an amino, isocyanate, carboxyl, or a halogen (preferably bromo or iodo). These triaryl intermediates can be prepared by methods previously described in the chemical literature, including Crouse, et al., WO2009102736 (the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference).

The triaryl aldehydes used as precursors in preparation of the molecules of Formula One can be prepared according to procedures described in Crouse, et al., US 2012/0202688 A1. Some of the procedures described above require use of halo-aryl intermediates, Ar1-Het-Ph-Br, which are novel intermediates. These may be prepared as described in Scheme 4. 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (4-2, step a) is prepared in two steps from 4-bromobenzamide (4-1) under conditions described previously (Crouse, et al., WO2009102736). This triazole can then be coupled to an aryl halide (R═C1-C6 haloalkoxy) such as 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl bromobenzene, in the presence of cesium carbonate or potassium phosphate, in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. This reaction is catalyzed by a copper salt such as copper(I) iodide and a chelator such as 8-hydroxyquinoline, both present in about 0.05 to about 0.25 equivalents, at a temperature ranging between about 80° C. and about 140° C., to form the 1-aryl-3-(4-bromophenyl)triazole (4-4, step b).

Preparation of 1-Atom Linked Intermediates

Molecules of Formula One wherein L is a one-carbon linker, can be prepared from acid or amine intermediates described in Scheme 5 and Scheme 6, respectively. Acid precursors Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-CO2H, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with R8; can be prepared as shown in the Scheme 5. Boronic esters (5-2, step a) can be prepared using Miyaura conditions from halophenyl esters (5-1). Coupling of the boronate esters with a bromo-heterocycle (5-3, step b) can be accomplished using a palladium catalyst and phosphine ligand, in the presence of a base, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, or cesium fluoride, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane/water, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C. to form triaryl ester intermediates (5-4, step c). Among palladium catalysts, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) is preferred, although other well-known palladium catalysts may be used. Saponification of the ester may be achieved by using a strong base such as sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide in methanol or ethanol with or without tetrahydrofuran/water to furnish the desired carboxylic acid (5-5, step c).

Amine precursors Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2, unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with R8, can be prepared as shown in the Scheme 6. Halobenzyl amines (6-1) may be protected using benzyl chloroformate in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane at about −10° C. to about 10° C. to provide N-carboxybenzyl (Cbz) protected benzyl amines (6-2, step a). Alternatively, other N-protecting groups such as tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) or 9-fluorenylmethylcarbonyl (Fmoc) may be employed in step a using similar conditions described above for Cbz. The Cbz protected boronic ester 6-3 can be prepared using Miyaura conditions (step b). Coupling of the boronate esters with a bromo-heterocycle (5-3) can be accomplished using a palladium catalyst and phosphine ligand, in the presence of a base, such as sodium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate, or cesium fluoride, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane/water, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C. to form N-protected aminoalkylphenyl intermediates (6-4, step c).

Deprotection of the Cbz group can be accomplished under acidic conditions with a strong acid such as hydrogen bromide, followed by free basing with a base such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide, to furnish the free amine precursors Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2 (6-5, step d). Similar methods could be applied to compounds wherein L is greater than 1-carbon.

Preparation of Ethyl Linked Intermediates

Preparation of compounds wherein L is a two-atom group is described in Schemes 7 to Schemes 9. Condensation of the aldehyde (7-1, R9═H) (described in US 2012/0202688 A1) with reagents such as ethyl diethylphosphonoacetate or a Wittig reagent such as ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propanoate) or α-substituted acetates such as ethyl 2-fluoroacetate or ethyl 2-cyanoacetate in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride or n-butyl lithium in aprotic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether at temperatures from about −78° C. to about 20° C. can be used to prepare acrylic esters (7-2, step a) unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R9 and R10. Saponification of the resultant ester may be achieved by using a strong base such as sodium hydroxide in methanol or ethanol with or without tetrahydrofuran/water to furnish the vinyl carboxylic acid (7-3, step b). In some cases the partial condensation of aldehyde (7-1, R9═H) may result in the isolation of the alcohol intermediate (7-4, step c) especially when R10 is electron withdrawing. Substitution of this alcohol with nucleophilic reagents such as Deoxo-Fluor® (step d) followed by saponification as described above (step e) can generate highly substituted ethyl carboxylic acids (7-5) additionally substituted with R11, wherein R11 is defined as R8 above. When the saturated linkage is preferred, the acrylate ester (7-2) can be converted to the corresponding cyclopropane (7-6, step f) unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with R12; with sulfur ylides such as those formed in situ from trimethyl sulfonium iodide in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium hydride in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran. Likewise the acrylate ester (7-2) can be reduced to the parent alkane (7-8, step h) using hydrogen gas and a palladium catalyst. Both the cyclopropane and the alkane can be hydrolyzed under basic conditions described above to generate the free carboxylic acids 7-7 (step g) and 7-9 (step i), respectively.

In a similar manner, condensation of the ketone (7-1, R9=Alkyl) (described in WO 2011017504 A1) with either ethyl diethylphosphonoacetate or a Wittig reagent such as ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propanoate or α-substituted alkyl esters such as ethyl 2-fluoroacetate or ethyl 2-cyanoacetate under similar conditions described above may generate the α-alkyl acrylate esters 7-2 or alcohols 7-4. Subsequent treatment of 7-2 or 7-4 as described above for R9═H may lead to either the corresponding unsaturated (7-3) or saturated (7-5, 7-7, 7-9) carboxylic acids.

Alternatively, compounds wherein L is a 2-carbon linker may also be prepared as shown in Scheme 8. Using conditions first described by Molander et al. Org. Lett., 2007, 9 (2), pp 203-206, coupling of a bromide Ar1-Het-Ar2—Br (8-1, step a), with potassium (2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)trifluoroborate in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as palladium(II) acetate, and a base such as cesium carbonate, at temperatures from about 80° C. to about 120° C., results in the formation of the corresponding 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl derivative 8-2. Further treatment of this material with from about 1 to about 5 equivalents of an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen chloride, in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or dioxane at temperatures from about 0° C. to about 50° C., results in the cleavage of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group and formation of the trifluoroacetic acid salt of the amine Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2 (8-3, step b).

Aminoalkyl precursors Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2, wherein L is 2-carbon atoms, mono- or di-substituted with R9, wherein R9 is defined as above; and unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R10, wherein R10 is defined as above, can be prepared as shown in Scheme 9. Halophenyl carbinols 9-1, wherein X can be selected from Cl, Br, or I, unsubstituted at R9 and R10 are available commercially. Carbinols 9-1 that are mono- or di-substituted at R9 can be prepared from the corresponding halophenyl acetate (9-I, step a) in similar fashion to that described by Shin et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2008, 18, pp 4424-4427 followed by reduction with a metal hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride in an ethereal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether at temperatures at or below about 0° C. Both 9-1 and 9-11 may be further mono-substituted (step b or step c) with R10 via reduction to the corresponding aldehyde with a metal hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride and further treatment with a Grignard reagent in a similar fashion to that described by Brimble et al. Org. Lett., 2012, 14 (23), pp 5820-5823. Carbinols 9-1 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 9-2 (step d). The halide can be converted into a boronic ester under Miyaura conditions to form boronate esters (9-3, step e). Coupling of the boronate esters with a bromo-heterocycle can be accomplished using a palladium catalyst, such tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), in the presence of a base, such as sodium bicarbonate, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane/water, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C. to provide N-phthalimido intermediates 9-4 (step f). Deprotection using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent can furnish the amine 9-5 (step g).

Alternatively, compounds wherein L is a 2-atom linker may also be prepared as shown in Scheme 9a. Olefination of aldehyde (7-1, R9═H, step a) may be achieved with methylenetriphenylphosphorane which can be prepared from methyl triphenylphosphonium iodide in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane at temperatures of about −78° C. to about 40° C. Further treatment of this material (9-2a) with a hydroborating reagent such as 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran followed by oxidation with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide can generate ethyl alcohol 9-3a (step b). Carbinols 9-3a can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 9-5a (step c), wherein R10═H. Deprotection using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent can furnish the amine 9-6a (step f). Additionally, 9-3a may be further mono-substituted (step d) with R10, wherein R10 is defined as above, via oxidation to the corresponding aldehyde under Swern conditions followed by addition of a Grignard reagent such as described above (Scheme 9). Carbinols 9-4-a can be further treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 9-5a (step e). Deprotection using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent can furnish the amine 9-6a (step f).

Preparation of Propyl Linked Intermediates

Preparation of compounds wherein L is a three-atom group is described in Schemes 10 and 11. Aminoalkyl precursors Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NH2, wherein L is 3-carbon atoms, mono- or di-substituted with R9, wherein R9 is defined as above; and unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R10, wherein R10 is defined as above; can be prepared as shown in Scheme 10. Halophenyl carbinol 10-1, wherein X is Br and R9 and R10 are H, is available commercially. Carbinols 10-1 that are mono- or di-substituted at R9 can be prepared from the corresponding halophenyl acetate (10-I, step a) in similar fashion to that described by Shin et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2008, 18, pp 4424-4427, followed by reduction with a metal hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride in an ethereal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at temperatures at or below about 0° C. Both 10-1 and 10-11 may be further mono-substituted (step b or step c) with R10 via reduction to the corresponding aldehyde with a metal hydride such as diisobutylaluminum hydride and further treatment with a Grignard reagent such as methylmagnesium bromide in a similar fashion to that described by Brimble et al. Org. Lett., 2012, 14 (23), pp 5820-5823; Carbinols 10-1 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 10-2 (step d). The halide can be converted into boronic ester under Miyaura conditions to form boronate esters (10-3, step e). Coupling of the boronate esters with a bromo-heterocycle can be accomplished using a palladium catalyst, such tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), in the presence of a base, such as sodium bicarbonate, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane/water, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C. to provide N-phthalimido intermediates 10-4 (step f). Deprotection using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent can furnish the amine 10-5 (step g).

Alternatively, compounds wherein L is a 3-atom linker may also be prepared as shown in Scheme 11. Bromide Ar1-Het-Ar2—Br (8-1) can be coupled with an appropriate alkynyl alcohol (11-1, step a) unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R10, wherein R10 is defined as above; in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as bistriphenylphosphine dichloropalladium(II), copper(I) iodide, and a base such as triethylamine, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C., to generate the corresponding alkynyl alcohol derivatives 11-2. The resultant carbinols 11-2 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 11-3 (step b) which can be converted to amine (11-7, step e) using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent. Carbinols 11-2 can be reduced using a transition metal catalyst, such as palladium under an atmosphere of hydrogen to provide alkenyl or fully saturated alkyl carbinols 11-4 unsubstituted at R10. Additionally, carbinols 11-2 can be treated with a metal hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride to provide the (E)-alkenyl carbinol 11-4.

Likewise, carbinol 11-2 may be protected with a protecting group such as tert-butyl diphenyl silane, and treated with a hydrometallation reagent such as Schwartz' reagent followed by an electrophile quench, with, for example, elemental iodine or NBS. Alternatively, the carbinol 11-2 may be treated with a transmetallation reagent such as pinacol diboron for further use in transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as Suzuki or Negishi, to prepare carbinols 11-4 mono- or di-substituted with R9, wherein R9 is defined as above (step c). Following deprotection, the resultant carbinols 11-4 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 11-5 (step d) which can be converted to an amine (11-6, step e) using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent.

Preparation of Butyl Linked Intermediates

Compounds wherein L is a 4-atom linker may be prepared as shown in Scheme 12. Bromide Ar1-Het-Ar2—Br (8-1) can be coupled with an appropriate alkynyl alcohol (12-1, step a) unsubstituted or mono-substituted with R10, wherein R10 is defined as above; mono- or di-substituted with R9, wherein R9 is defined as above; in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as bistriphenylphosphine dichloropalladium, copper(I) iodide, and a base such as triethylamine, at temperatures from about 50° C. to about 120° C., to generate the corresponding alkynyl alcohol derivatives 12-2. The resultant carbinols 12-2 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions (step b) to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 12-3 which can be converted to an amine (12-7, step e) using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvents. Carbinols 12-2 can be reduced using a transition metal catalyst, such as palladium under an atmosphere of hydrogen to provide alkenyl or fully saturated alkyl carbinols 12-4 (step c) unsubstituted at R13. Additionally, carbinols 12-2 can be treated with a metal hydride such as lithium aluminum hydride to provide the (E)-alkenyl carbinols 12-4 (step c). Likewise, carbinol 12-2 may be protected with a protecting group such as tert-butyl diphenyl silane, and treated with a hydrometallation reagent such as Schwartz' reagent followed by an electrophile quench, with, for example, elemental iodine or NBS. Alternatively the carbinol 12-2 may be treated with a transmetallation reagent such as pinacol diboron for further use in transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as Suzuki or Negishi, to prepare carbinols 12-4 mono- or di-substituted with R13, wherein R13 is defined as R8 above (step c). Following deprotection, the resultant carbinols 12-4 can be treated with phthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions (step d) to generate N-phthalimido intermediates 12-5 which can be converted to an amine (12-6, step e) using hydrazine and methanol or other suitable solvent.

EXAMPLES

These examples are for illustration purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure to only the embodiments disclosed in these examples.

Starting materials, reagents, and solvents that were obtained from commercial sources were used without further purification. Anhydrous solvents were purchased as Sure/Seal™ from Aldrich and were used as received. Melting points were obtained on a Thomas Hoover Unimelt capillary melting point apparatus or an OptiMelt Automated Melting Point System from Stanford Research Systems and are uncorrected. Examples using “room temperature” were conducted in climate controlled laboratories with temperatures ranging from about 20° C. to about 24° C. Molecules are given their known names, named according to naming programs within ISIS Draw, ChemDraw or ACD Name Pro. If such programs are unable to name a molecule, the molecule is named using conventional naming rules. 1H NMR spectral data are in ppm (δ) and were recorded at 300, 400 or 600 MHz, and 13C NMR spectral data are in ppm (δ) and were recorded at 75, 100 or 150 MHz, unless otherwise stated.

Example 1 Preparation of 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1)

To a 100 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a stir bar, was added copper(I) iodide (0.397 g, 2.08 mmol), 3-bromo-1H-1,2,4-triazole (4.62 g, 31.2 mmol), and cesium carbonate (6.79 g, 20.83 mmol), as solids. These solids were diluted with anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (34.7 mL). Then 1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene (1.65 mL, 10.4 mmol) was added as a liquid. The flask was placed under nitrogen atmosphere, and the suspension was heated to an internal temperature of 100° C. for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and filtered through a pad of Celite®, washing with excess ethyl acetate (200 mL). The filtrate was poured into a brine solution (200 mL), and the layers were partitioned. The aqueous phase was extracted with additional ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 10-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.80 g, 54%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.35 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −57.06; ESIMS m/z 308, 310 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 1.

Preparation of 3-bromo-1-(4-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1a)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1 using 1-iodo-4-pentafluoroethoxybenzene and isolated as a white solid (1.60 g, 31%): mp 72-74° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −85.94, −87.92; ESIMS m/z 357, 359 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1b)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1 using 1-iodo-4-trifluoromethylbenzene and isolated as a white solid (2.32 g, 31%): mp 104-105° C., 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 4H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.64; ESIMS m/z 292, 294 ([M+H]+).

Example 2 Preparation of methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate (C2)

To a 200 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a stir bar, was added [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (0.799 g, 1.09 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (6.65 g, 26.2 mmol), and potassium acetate (4.28 g, 43.7 mmol) as solids. These solids were diluted with dioxane (100 mL). The flask was sealed and pumped and purged with nitrogen atmosphere. Then methyl 2-(4-bromophenyl)acetate (5.00 g, 21.8 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was then warmed to an internal temperature of 70° C. for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and was poured into a brine solution and the layers were partitioned. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×125 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 0-30% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a clear liquid (4.93 g, 70%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.23 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 171.29, 137.72, 134.45, 128.86, 83.56, 82.79, 51.68, 40.23, 24.62; EIMS m/z 276 ([M]+).

Example 3 Preparation of methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C3)

To a 200 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar was added 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1) (3.45 g, 11.2 mmol), and methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate (C2) (3.71 g, 13.4 mmol). These reagents were diluted with dioxane (45.0 mL) and water (11.3 mL) and the resulting solution was sparged with nitrogen gas for 10 minutes. Tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (0.325 g, 1.12 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.126 g, 0.560 mmol) and cesium fluoride (3.40 g, 22.4 mmol) were added as solids. The flask was sealed and placed under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to an internal temperature of 60° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and was poured into a brine solution and the layers were partitioned. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 0-10% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (3.45 g, 82%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.04 (m, 4H), 7.63 (ddt, J=7.9, 2.1, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.48-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −57.02; ESIMS m/z 378 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 3.

Preparation of methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C4)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 using 3-bromo-1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1a) and methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate (C2) and isolated as a white solid (3.57 g, 59%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.04 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.38 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −85.20 (d, J=2.9 Hz), −86.93; ESIMS m/z 428 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C5)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 using 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1b) and methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetate (C2) and isolated as a white solid (2.3 g, 81%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.23-8.16 (m, 2H), 8.08 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 8.03-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.38 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.82; ESIMS m/z 362 ([M+H]+).

Example 4 Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C6)

To a 100 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, was added methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C3) (3.45 g, 9.14 mmol) and lithium hydroxide hydrate (1.15 g, 27.4 mmol) as solids. These solids were diluted with tetrahydrofuran (24 mL), methanol (24 mL), and water (12 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness. The resulting solid was then diluted with water, and the resulting suspension was adjusted to pH 2.9. The subsequent precipitate was extracted with ethyl acetate (5×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid (3.27 g, 96%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.41 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.03 (m, 4H), 7.63 (dq, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.49-7.36 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 364 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 4.

Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C7)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 4 using methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C4) and isolated as a white solid (3.4 g, 94%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.41 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.02 (m, 4H), 7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −85.20, −86.92; ESIMS m/z 414 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C8)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 4 with methyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetate (C5) and isolated as a white solid (0.378 g, 98%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.42 (s, 1H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.16 (m, 2H), 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.99 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.47-7.39 (m, 2H), 3.66 (s, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 348 ([M+H]+).

Example 5 Preparation of (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C9)

In a 100 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C6) (2.00 g, 5.51 mmol) was diluted with toluene (37 mL). Then triethylamine (0.767 mL, 5.51 mmol) and diphenyl phosphorazidate (1.19 mL, 5.51 mmol) were added. The reaction was allowed to stir for 2.5 hours at room temperature. The reaction was then poured in to water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 0-10% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (0.800 g, 37%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 8.21-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.69-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.38 (m, 2H), 4.70 (s, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.99 (d, J=4.1 Hz); ESIMS m/z 361 ([M+H]+) (methyl carbamate).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 5. Physical properties indicate that the isolated products are often a mixture of the acyl azide and rearranged isocyanate.

Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C10)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 5 using 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C7) and isolated as a white solid (1.45 g, 46%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.46-9.32 (m, 1H), 8.19-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.36 (m, 4H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 4.34 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −85.23 (d, J=9.8 Hz), −86.95 (d, J=8.0 Hz); ESIMS m/z 442 ([M+H]+) (methyl carbamate).

Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C11)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 5 with 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetic acid (C8) and isolated as a white solid (0.082 g, 25%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.27-8.06 (m, 4H), 7.99 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J=8.4, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (s, 1H), 3.87 (s, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.80 (d, J=2.9 Hz); ESIMS m/z 345 ([M+H]+).

Example 6 Preparation of N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F14)

In a 20 mL vial, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C9) (0.200 g, 0.515 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (3.3 mL). The vial was capped and the suspension was heated at 80° C., for 3 hours. The suspension was cooled to room temperature and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.110 g, 0.567 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.201 g, 0.618 mmol) were charged as solids. This suspension was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through a glass-fritted funnel. The filtrate was concentrated and the resulting residue was purified via reverse-phase flash column chromatography (C18 column) using 5-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent to afford the title compound as a light yellow solid (0.104 g, 36%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 6.

Preparation of N-(4-{1-[4-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)-N′-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F15)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 6 using 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C10) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a yellow solid (0.102 g, 36%).

Preparation of N-[5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F16)

The title compound was prepared as describe in Example 6 using 2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C10) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a yellow solid (0.130 g, 44%).

Preparation of N-[5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F35)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 6 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C9) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a yellow solid (0.043 g, 15%).

Example 7 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (F17)

In a 50 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F14) (0.067 g, 0.12 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.012 g, 0.15 mmol) was diluted with acetonitrile (1.2 mL), then methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.013 mL, 0.13 mmol) was added. The flask was fitted with a reflux condenser and the reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. After 4 hours, an additional aliquot of methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.013 mL, 0.13 mmol) was added, and the reaction was allowed to heat for an additional 18 hours. An additional aliquot of methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.013 mL, 0.13 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.012 g, 0.15 mmol) was added, and the reaction was allowed to heat for an additional 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via reverse-phase flash column (C18 column) chromatography using 5-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.036 g, 49%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 7.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (F18)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7 using N-(4-{1-[4-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)-N′-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F15) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.043 g, 47%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (F19)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7 using N-[5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F16) and isolated as a white solid (0.056 g, 46%).

Example 8 Preparation of benzyl 4-bromobenzylcarbamate (C12)

In a 500 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, (4-bromophenyl)methanaminium chloride (10.0 g, 44.9 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (4.00 g, 100 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (80 mL) and water (80 mL). The solution was cooled in an ice water bath, and benzyl chloroformate (7.06 mL, 49.4 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir for 1 hour. The reaction was poured into a brine solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid (14.8 g, 102%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.92 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.32-7.20 (m, 2H), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.23 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 156.33, 139.20, 137.05, 131.10, 129.22, 128.33, 127.72, 119.77, 65.42, 43.19; ESIMS m/z 320, 322 ([M+H]+).

Example 9 Preparation of benzyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (C13)

In a 500 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, benzyl 4-bromobenzylcarbamate (C12) (14.3 g, 44.7 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (12.5 g, 49.1 mmol), and potassium acetate (8.77 g, 89.0 mmol) were diluted with dioxane (170 mL). The suspension was sparged with nitrogen gas for 10 minutes. The [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(11) (1.63 g, 2.23 mmol) was added as a solid. The flask was placed under nitrogen atmosphere and the reaction mixture was warmed to an internal temperature of 70° C. for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into a brine solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×250 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 0-10% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane:hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an orange solid (11.8 g, 69%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.87 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.24 (m, 7H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.24 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 156.35, 143.18, 137.12, 134.45, 128.31, 127.69, 126.38, 83.51, 66.32, 65.37, 64.89, 43.83, 24.62; ESIMS m/z 368 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 9.

Preparation of methyl 3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C13a)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 9 using methyl 3-(3-bromophenyl)propanoate and isolated as a tan solid (9.18 g, 75%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.56-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.35 (dt, J=7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.23 (m, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 2.86 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 172.57, 139.91, 134.28, 132.18, 131.32, 127.86, 83.54, 51.20, 34.88, 30.10, 24.63; EIMS m/z 290.

Preparation of 2-(4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C13b)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 9 using 2-(4-(3-bromophenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C57a) and isolated as a tan solid (5.50 g, 62%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.54-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.23 (m, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.70-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.28 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.90, 141.32, 134.33, 131.83, 131.56, 131.40, 127.76, 122.93, 83.50, 37.17, 34.52, 28.49, 27.67, 24.64; ESIMS m/z 406 ([M+H]+).

Example 10 Preparation of benzyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzylcarbamate (C14)

In a 50 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1) (1.0 g, 3.3 mmol), benzyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (C13) (1.3 g, 3.6 mmol), bistriphenylphosphine dichloropalladium(II) (0.120 g, 0.171 mmol), and potassium phosphate (1.38 g, 6.49 mmol) were charged as solids. The flask was sealed and placed under nitrogen atmosphere. Dioxane (17.3 mL) and water (4.3 mL) were added. The reaction was warmed to an internal temperature of 65° C. for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into a brine solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified via flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.850 g, 56%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.91 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.12 (m, 7H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.29 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 469 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 10.

Preparation of benzyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzylcarbamate (C15)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 10 using 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1b), benzyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (C13), tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, palladium(II) acetate, and cesium fluoride and isolated as a white solid (0.846 g, 36%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.28-8.14 (m, 2H), 8.16-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.92 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.13 (m, 7H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.29 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 453 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of methyl 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (CA1)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 10 using 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1), methyl 3-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C13a), and [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(11) at 80° C. and isolated as a dark orange solid (9.86 g, 91%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.03 (m, 2H), 8.01-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.34 (dt, J=7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −57.01; ESIMS m/z 392 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA2)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 10 using 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1), 2-(4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C13b), and [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(11) at 75° C. and isolated as a dark orange solid (5.48 g, 82%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.77 (m, 4H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.31 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.53 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.64 (dq, J=6.6, 3.1 Hz, 4H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 507 ([M+H]+).

Example 10a Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzylcarbamate (C15a)

In a 20 mL vial (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acetyl azide/2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methyl isocyanate (C9) (0.205 g, 0.528 mmol) was diluted with tert-butanol (10.0 mL, 105 mmol). The solution was heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction was poured into a brine solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (4×). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent provided the title compound as a white solid (0.0890 g, 39%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.01 (m, 4H), 7.63 (dp, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 2H), 4.20 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (s, 9H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 435 ([M+H]+).

Example 11 Preparation of (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16)

In a 200 mL round bottomed flask, equipped with a magnetic stir bar, benzyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzylcarbamate (C14) (0.850 g, 1.82 mmol) was diluted with a solution of hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (33 wt %, 15.0 mL, 1.82 mmol). The suspension was allowed to stir for 1 hour. Diethyl ether (150 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes. The resulting precipitate was collected via filtration and treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.448 g, 74%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.07 (dd, J=10.6, 8.6 Hz, 4H), 7.69-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.48 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESMIS m/z 318 ([M+H]+) (—NH2).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 11.

Preparation of (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (CA3)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 11 from benzyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzylcarbamate (C15) and isolated as a tan solid (4.67 g, 79%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.52 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 2H).

Example 12 Preparation of N-[5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}benzyl)dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F35)

In a 200 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar, (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) (0.448 g, 1.34 mmol) was diluted with tetrahydrofuran (9.0 mL). To the suspension was added triphosgene (0.398 g, 1.34 mmol) and triethylamine (0.374 mL, 2.68 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. UPLC analysis of a methanol-quenched aliquot shows a mixture of the methyl carbamate and the isocyanate. To the reaction mixture 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.279 g, 1.34 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.480 g, 1.47 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 18 hours. An additional portion of 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.279 g, 1.34 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.480 g, 1.47 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was warmed to an internal temperature of 60° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by reverse-phase flash column (C18 column) chromatography using 5-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent followed by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to give the title compound as a white solid (0.007 g, 0.9%).

Example 13 Preparation of (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C17)

To an oven-dried 2 L three-necked round bottomed flask equipped with a stirring bar was added sodium hydride (60% oil immersion, 7.20 g, 180 mmol) as a solid that was pre-weighed into a 25-mL vial. This was diluted with anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (1 L) under nitrogen, and the solution was stirred in an ice bath. Ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate (30.0 mL, 151 mmol) was added dropwise in portions over 20 minutes, and the reaction was stirred at 0° C. for an additional 2 hours. 4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (50.0. g, 150 mmol) was added in solid portions over 20 minutes, and the reaction turned orange. After stirring for 30 minutes, the ice bath was removed and the reaction was warmed to room temperature over 1 hour. The reaction was quenched with slow addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (500 mL) and allowed to stand at room temperature overnight. The biphasic reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes (3×). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as an orange solid (61.4 g, 100%): mp 135-137° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.51 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 404 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 13.

Preparation of (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C18)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 13 from 4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde and isolated as a white solid (2.08 g, 100%): mp 149-153° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.32-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.89-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.51 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −85.89, −87.85, −87.86; ESIMS m/z 454 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of (E)-ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (CA4)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 13 from 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanone (C25) and ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)propanoate and isolated as a pale yellow solid (0.480 g, 27%): mp 68-70° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.22-8.13 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.40 (dt, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.25 (m, 2H), 4.28 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (q, J=1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.80 (q, J=1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.36 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 169.91, 163.24, 148.37, 144.86, 144.66, 141.54, 135.56, 129.10, 127.77, 126.57, 125.32, 122.42, 121.18, 60.45, 22.94, 17.45, 14.32; ESIMS m/z 432 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (CA5)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 13 from 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde and isolated as a pale yellow solid (4.02 g, 100%): mp 135-140° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.95-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.81 (dt, J=8.3, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.56 (m, 2H), 6.51 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.41-1.31 (m, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.50; ESIMS m/z 388 ([M+H]+).

Example 14 Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (C19)

To an oven-dried round bottomed flask was added sodium hydride (60% oil immersion, 0.380 g, 9.50 mmol) and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (30 mL). Gas evolution occurred, and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide (2.10 g, 9.54 mmol) was added, the flask neck was rinsed with anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL), and the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes. To the reaction was added (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C17) (3.22 g, 7.98 mmol) as a solid. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then quenched with water and extracted with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes (2×). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3×), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (1.50 g, 41%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J=6.6, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.19 (dt, J=14.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.97 (ddd, J=8.5, 5.3, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.71-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.29 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 418 ([M+H]+).

Example 15 Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (C20)

To ethyl 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate (C19) (1.50 g, 3.59 mmol) in methanol (24 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 7.20 mL, 14.4 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N) and the methanol was evaporated off under vacuum. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (1.62 g, 98%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.77 (m, 3H), 7.40 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 4H), 7.22 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (ddd, J=6.7, 5.3, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 2.03-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.47 (ddd, J=8.4, 6.6, 4.7 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 390 ([M+H]+).

Example 16 Preparation 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21)

To 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-cyclo-propanecarboxylic acid (C20) (2.49 g, 6.40 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was added triethylamine (2.20 mL, 16.0 mmol), followed by diphenyl phosphorazidate (1.70 mL, 8.00 mmol). The yellow solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with water and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, extracted with 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes (2×), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The crude compound was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (1.94 g, 73%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (ddd, J=9.3, 6.8, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 1.98 (ddd, J=8.4, 5.3, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (dt, J=9.4, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 1.53 (ddd, J=8.3, 6.8, 4.7 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03.

Example 17 Preparation of N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoro methoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F22)

A solution of (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) (0.250 g, 0.600 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled and 2-(isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.129 g, 0.660 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.443 g, 1.36 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude compound was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.108 g, 31%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 17.

Preparation of N-(2-propylphenyl)-N′-[(2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F23)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 17 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) and 1-(2-propylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as an off-white solid (0.059 g, 18%).

Preparation of N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F24)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 17 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) and isolated as a white solid (0.105 g, 33%).

Preparation of N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N′-[(2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F25)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 17 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) and 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.105 g, 29%).

Preparation of N-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-N′-[(2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F26)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 17 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white oily solid (0.009 g, 3%).

Preparation of N-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F27)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 17 using (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) and 1-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA41) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.069 g, 22%).

Example 18 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea (F29)

A solution of N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F22) (0.082 g, 0.14 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.020 mL, 0.21 mmol), and sodium acetate (0.027 g, 0.33 mmol) in ethanol (1.8 mL) was heated at 65° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled, loaded onto a Celite® cartridge, and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (0.061 g, 68%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 18.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(2-propylphenyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea (F30)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 18 from N-(2-propylphenyl)-N-[(2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F23) and isolated as an off-white oily solid (0.026 g, 68%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea (F31)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 18 from N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F24) and isolated as an oil (0.006 g, 8%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 18 from N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-[(2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F25) and isolated as an oil (0.006 g, 7%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea (F33)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 18 from N-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)-N-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F27) and isolated as a yellow solid (0.035 g, 71%).

Example 19 Preparation of N-[5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)cyclopropyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F28) and (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropyl)urea (F34)

A solution of (2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)cyclopropanecarbonyl azide (C21) (0.210 g, 0.510 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2.5 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.127 g, 0.610 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.345 g, 1.06 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×), the organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound (F28) as a white solid (0.025 g, 8%) and the title compound (F34) as a yellow oil (0.028 g, 8%).

Example 20 Preparation of (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (C22)

To (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C17) (1.95 g, 4.83 mmol) in methanol (25 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 10 mL, 20.0 mmol) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The methanol was evaporated off under reduced pressure, the reagents were diluted with acetonitrile, and additional sodium hydroxide (2N, 20 mL, 40.0 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours and then acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N). The white precipitate was vacuum-filtered to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.72 g, 94%): mp 239-241° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.48 (s, 1H), 9.44 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.59 (m, 3H), 6.61 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 376 ([M+H]+).

Example 21 Preparation of (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acryloyl azide (C23)

To (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (C22) (1.72 g, 4.59 mmol) in isopropanol (15.3 mL) was diphenyl phosphorazidate (1.3 mL, 6.03 mmol) and triethylamine (0.96 mL, 6.89 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. The white precipitate for filtered, rinsed with isopropanol, and dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.46 g, 78%): mp 106° C. (dec); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.86-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.66 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (t, J=14.6 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 401 ([M+H]+).

Example 22 Preparation of N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[(E)-2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoro methoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethenyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F11)

(E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acryloyl azide (C23) (0.175 g, 0.440 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (2.2 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.110 g, 0.570 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.214 g, 0.660 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as a yellow solid (0.0800 g, 32%).

Example 23 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(E)-4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)styryl)urea

To N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N—[(E)-2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethenyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F11) (0.056 g, 0.099 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.020 mg, 0.24 mmol) in ethanol (0.86 mL) was added methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.012 mL, 0.12 mmol), and the solution was heated at 65° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was loaded directly onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an orange solid (0.052 g, 84%).

Example 24 Preparation of 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanol (C24)

To 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (8.49 g, 25.5 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (102 mL) in dry ice/acetone bath was added methylmagnesium bromide (1M in butyl ether, 25.5 mL, 25.5 mmol). The solution was then warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N, 10 mL) until pH 2, diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as an orange liquid (8.80 g, 94%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.27-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.98 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.54 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 350 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 24.

Preparation of 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (CA6)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 24 from 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde and ethylmagnesium bromide and isolated as a yellow oil (5.00 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dq, J=8.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.93-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 1H), 0.95 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 364 ([M+H]+).

Example 25 Preparation of 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanone (C25)

To 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanol (C24) (8.80 g, 25.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (168 mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide (84 mL) was added triethylamine (17 mL) and stirred in an ice bath. Pyridine sulfur trioxide (16.0 g, 101 mmol) was added in two portions. The reaction was warmed to room temperature over 3 hours, diluted with dichloromethane, and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted one additional time with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane layers were washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and adsorbed onto silica gel. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent provided the title compound as a white solid (6.71 g, 73%): mp 140-141.5° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.33-8.27 (m, 2H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J=9.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.01; ESIMS m/z 348 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 25.

Preparation of 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-one (CA7)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (CA6) and isolated as a white solid (4.1 g, 63%, 75% pure): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.32-8.25 (m, 2H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.82 (dd, J=8.9, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dt, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 362 ([M+H]+).

Example 26 Preparation of (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (C26) and (Z)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (C27)

To an oven-dried round bottomed flask was added sodium hydride (60% oil suspension, 0.880 g, 1.53 mmol) and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (36 mL) and the solution was stirred under nitrogen in an ice bath. Ethyl 2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate (3.4 mL, 17.3 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred for 30 minutes in an ice bath. 1-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanone (C25) (5.00 g, 14.4 mmol) was added in solid portions to the solution, in which the solution turned yellow. The reaction was warmed to room temperature overnight, quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, and extracted with diethyl ether (2×). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane, and the cartridge was dried in vacuum oven. Purification by reverse-phase flash column chromatography using 0-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent afforded title compound (C26) as a white solid (4.06 g, 67%): mp 109-110.5° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.28-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.22 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 418 ([M+H]+), and title compound (C27) as a white solid (1.08 g, 18%): mp 83-86° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.22-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J=9.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.95 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 3H), 1.09 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 418 ([M+H]+).

Example 27 Preparation of (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoic acid (C28)

To (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (C26) (1.30 g, 3.10 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 12.3 mL, 24.6 mmol) and stirred at room temperature overnight. Additional sodium hydroxide (2N) was added and the reaction was heated to 50° C. for 3 days. The reaction was acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N) and the white precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.16 g, 95%): mp 234-238° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.32 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 8.09 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.53 (m, 2H), 6.22 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 390 ([M+H]+).

Example 28 Preparation of (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoyl azide (C29)

To (E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoic acid (C28) (1.14 g, 2.93 mmol) in isopropanol (9.8 mL) was added triethylamine (0.53 mL, 3.81 mmol) and diphenyl phosphorazidate (0.68 mL, 3.23 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The white precipitate was vacuum-filtered and dried in a vacuum oven to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.978 g, 80%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.19 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.37 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 387 ([M+H]+) (isocyanate).

Example 29 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(E)-2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)urea (F13)

(E)-3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoyl azide (C29) (0.28 g, 0.68 mmol) in acetonitrile (3.4 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.14 g, 0.74 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.28 g, 0.86 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide an orange foam. To the crude material (0.39 g) was added sodium acetate (0.082 g, 1.0 mmol), ethanol (3.4 mL), and methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.10 mL, 1.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with water. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude compound was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an orange sticky gum (0.16 g, 37%).

Example 30 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C30)

A mixture of (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C17) (1.08 g, 2.68 mmol) and palladium on carbon (10%, 0.285 g, 0.270 mmol) in ethyl acetate (10.7 mL) was stirred at room temperature. The reaction flask was evacuated under vacuum, backfilled with nitrogen, evacuated under vacuum again, and then backfilled with hydrogen by balloon (˜1 atm). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and then filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated to afford the title compound as a gray oil that solidified to a wax upon standing at room temperature (0.999 g, 87%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 406 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 30.

Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C31)

The title compound was prepared from (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C18) and isolated as an off-white fluffy solid (2.00 g, 97%): mp 109-110.5° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.14-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 2H), 4.14 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (dd, J=8.3, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.24 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −85.90, −87.85; ESIMS m/z 456 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoate (CA8)

The title compound was prepared from (E)-ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (CA4) and isolated as a yellow oil (0.495 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dq, J=8.0, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 2H), 3.94 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (dq, J=8.8, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (dd, J=8.6, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.31 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.04 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 434 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (CA9)

The title compound was prepared from (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (CA5) and isolated as a white solid (3.88 g, 96%): mp 81-84° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.91 (dt, J=8.2, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.33 (dd, J=8.0, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (dd, J=8.3, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (td, J=7.1, 0.6 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.50; ESIMS m/z 390 ([M+H]+).

Example 31 Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (C32)

To ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl) propanoate (C30) (0.975 g, 2.41 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 12.0 mL, 24.1 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The methanol was concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N). The white precipitate was vacuum filtered and dried to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.945 g, 99%): mp 145° C. (dec); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.04 (dd, J=21.4, 8.7 Hz, 4H), 7.62 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 378 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 31.

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl) propanoic acid (C33)

The title compound was prepared from ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C31) and isolated as a white solid (2.25 g, 100%): mp 142-144° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.05 (dd, J=24.5, 8.6 Hz, 4H), 7.62 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −74.86, −85.19, −86.92; ESIMS m/z 428 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid (CA10)

The title compound was prepared from ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoate (CA8) and isolated as a yellow oil (0.370 g, 33%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.15-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.27 (m, 4H), 3.18 (p, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (dq, J=8.3, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35-1.29 (m, 3H), 1.23 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 406 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (CA11)

The title compound was prepared from ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (CA9) and isolated as a white solid (2.85 g, 79%): mp 155-157° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.17 (s, 1H), 9.52 (s, 1H), 8.26-8.12 (m, 2H), 8.12-7.86 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 362 ([M+H]+).

Example 32 Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (34) and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a)

To 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (C32) (0.70 g, 1.9 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (12 mL) was added triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.9 mmol) and diphenyl phosphorazidate (0.40 mL, 1.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, loaded directly onto a Celite® cartridge, and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent affording the title compound as a white solid (0.37 g, 50%). 1H NMR is consistent with a mixture of the acyl azide (34) and the rearranged isocyanate (34a): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (two singlets, total=1H), 8.20-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.27 (m, 4H), 3.59 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 403 ([M+H]+) (acyl azide).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 32.

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl) propanoyl azide (C35)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (C33) and was isolated as a white solid (0.416 g, 57%): mp 68° C. (dec.); 1H NMR is consistent with a mixture of the acyl azide and the rearranged isocyanate: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64-8.53 (m, 1H), 8.23-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −85.90, −87.85; ESIMS m/z 453 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide/3-(4-(3-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C35a)

The title compounds were prepared from 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid (CA10) and isolated as a clear oil (3:1 azide:isocyanate, 0.246 g, 67%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.28 (m, 4H), 3.77 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 1.39 (two d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.25 (two d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 431 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl) propanoyl azide/3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C35b)

The title compounds were prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (CA11) and isolated as a clear oil (mixture azide:isocyanate, 0.595 g, 57%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 8.21-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.91 (m, 2H), 7.80 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.49.

Example 32a Preparation of 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoro methoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a)

A 1 L three-neck round bottomed flask was equipped with mechanic stirrer, thermocouple, and condenser. Tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) was added. After it was cooled to −3° C., ethyl carbonochloridate (3.16 mL, 33.2 mmol) and triethylamine (4.64 mL, 33.2 mmol) were added. 3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (C32) (11.4 g, 30.2 mmol) was added in portions, keeping the reaction temperature below 0° C. The reaction mixture turned into white suspension quickly. LC-MS showed no starting material left after 1 hr. A solution of sodium azide (2.16 g, 33.2 mmol) in water (44 mL) was added slowly, keeping the reaction temperature below −2° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −2° C. for 2 hours. Cold water (200 mL) was added to the reaction mixture very slowly while stirring at 0° C. It was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes after the addition. The white solid that formed was filtered while it was cold. The solid was dried in vacuum under a stream of nitrogen at room temperature for 48 hours to afford the isocyanate as a tan solid (10.5 g, 86%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.30 (m, 4H), 3.59 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 375.2 ([M+H]+).

Example 33 Preparation of N-[2-isopropylphenyl]-N-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F2)

3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C34) (0.19 g, 0.46 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.3 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.11 g, 0.55 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.20 g, 0.60 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, and then quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent afforded the title compound as a white powder (0.097 g, 36%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 33.

Preparation of N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C34) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.158 g, 43%).

Example 34 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F1), Method A

To N-[2-isopropylphenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F2) (0.030 g, 0.053 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.016 mg, 0.20 mmol) in ethanol (0.5 mL) was added methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.01 mL, 0.10 mmol) and heated at 65° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction was cooled and loaded directly onto a Celite® cartridge. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent afforded the title compound as a clear oil (0.016 g, 49%).

Example 35 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F1), Method B

3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C34) (0.24 g, 0.59 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.9 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled and cesium carbonate (0.29 g, 0.88 mmol) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.14 g, 0.70 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. LC/MS showed formation of the thiobiuret was complete. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethanol (2.9 mL) and sodium acetate (0.19 g, 2.4 mmol) and methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.12 mL, 1.2 mmol) were added. The solution was heated at 65° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent afforded the title compound as a tan oil (0.22 g, 62%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Examples 34 or 35.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F5)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 34 using N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a pale pink solid (0.114 g, 29%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F6)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C34) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as an orange solid (0.075 g, 35%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F9)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35 using 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(1-(4-(perfluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-propanoyl azide (C35) and isolated as a brown gum (0.146 g, 43%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-2-yl)urea (P66, P353)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35 using 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide/3-(4-(3-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C35a) and isolated as an off-white powder (0.146 g, 39%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P52)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide/3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C35b) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a tan glassy foam (0.132 g, 46%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P53)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide/3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C35b) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as a brown foam (0.040 g, 30%).

Example 35a Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F5)

To a 250 mL round bottomed flask was added acetonitrile (100 mL). 3-(4-(2-Isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (34a) (11.0 g, 29.4 mmol) was added in one portion. 1-(2-Isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (6.73 g, 32.3 mmol) and cesium carbonate (9.57 g, 29.4 mmol) were added to the above solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen overnight. Ethanol (100 mL) was added to the mixture. Methyl 2-bromoacetate (8.99 g, 58.8 mmol) and sodium acetate (9.64 g, 118 mmol) were then added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours, forming an orange suspension. The reaction mixture was cooled and filtered through a filter paper, and the solids were washed with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The orange filtrate was concentrated. The solid residue was purified by flash column chromatography using 10-20% dichloromethane/B, where B=1:1 ethyl acetate/acetone, as eluent to afford the title compound as a slightly orange foam (8.60 g, 45%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 35a.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P26)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a brown oil (0.121 g, 47%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P27)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-Isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a yellow oil (0.075 g, 31%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P29)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38) and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a pale pink solid (0.113 g, 43%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P30)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-(tert-butyl)phenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a pink solid (0.076 g, 31%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P31)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA42) and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a pink solid (0.114 g, 47%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P44)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 35a using 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a yellow solid (0.120 g, 49%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P49)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA41) and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a pink solid (0.099 g, 43%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P50)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.076 g, 33%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P47)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a yellow oil (0.055 g, 23%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(3-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P51)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(3-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a dark brown oil (0.094 g, 37%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P28)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) and isolated as a brown foam (0.151 g, 37%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P57)

The title compound was prepared from 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea, 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a), and methyl 2-brompropanoate and isolated as a clear sticky oil (0.192 g, 49%).

Example 36 Preparation of (E)-ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C36)

4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (7.56 g, 22.7 mmol) and ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propanoate (9.87 g, 27.2 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (30 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 16 hours. Additional ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene)propanoate (2.40 g, 6.06 mmol) was then added, and the reaction was heated at 110° C. for 4 hours. The reaction was cooled, concentrated under vacuum, and loaded onto silica gel. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent followed by reverse-phase flash column chromatography using 0-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent afforded the title compound as a white solid (5.92 g, 62%): mp 126-127.5° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.27-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.29 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.37 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 418 ([M+H]+). Example 37 Preparation of ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C37)

A flask containing (E)-ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C36) (0.96 g, 2.3 mmol) and palladium on carbon (10 wt %, 0.24 g, 0.23 mmol) in ethyl acetate (10 mL) was evacuated under vacuum, filled with nitrogen, evacuated under vacuum, and then placed under hydrogen by balloon (˜1 atm). After stirring at room temperature for 20 hours, the reaction was filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.0 g, 100%): mp 73-75° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.10 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.22-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dq, J=13.3, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.24-1.15 (m, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 420 ([M+H]+).

Example 38 Preparation of 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (C38)

To ethyl 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C37) (0.986 g, 2.35 mmol) in methanol (7.8 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 5.9 mL, 11.8 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N), and the white precipitate was vacuum-filtered to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.865 g, 93%): mp 142-144° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.19 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.14-7.95 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.62 (m, 2H), 1.07 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H). 19F NMR (376 MHz, acetone-D6) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 392 ([M+H]+).

Example 39 Preparation of 3-(4-(2-isocyanatopropyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C39)

To 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)-propanoic acid (0.84 g, 2.2 mmol) in toluene (21.6 mL) was added triethylamine (0.33 mL, 2.4 mmol) and diphenyl phosphorazidate (0.47 mL, 2.2 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and water and the layers separated. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.53 g, 58%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.80 (m, 1H), 2.87 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 389 ([M+H]+).

Example 40 Preparation of N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[1-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)propan-2-yl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F4)

3-(4-(2-Isocyanatopropyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C39) (0.17 g, 0.41 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.1 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours to ensure complete conversion to the isocyanate. The reaction was cooled and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea (0.83 g, 0.43 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.17 g, 0.53 mmol) were added and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.25 g, 95%).

Example 41 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)urea (F7)

To N-[2-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]-N′-[1-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)propan-2-yl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F4) (0.20 g, 0.34 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.056 g, 0.68 mmol) in ethanol (2.3 mL) was added methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.05 mL, 0.51 mmol), and the reaction was heated at 65° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled and diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a silica gel cartridge with dichloromethane and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.070 g, 33%).

Example 42 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)urea (F8)

3-(4-(2-Isocyanatopropyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C39) (0.17 g, 0.41 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours to ensure complete conversion to the isocyanate. The reaction was cooled and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.095 g, 0.46 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.20 g, 0.60 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction was diluted with ethanol (2.5 mL) and sodium acetate (0.064 g, 0.78 mmol) and methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.05 mL, 0.53 mmol) were added. The reaction was heated at 65° C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted an additional time with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (0.054 g, 20%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 42.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)urea (P33)

The title compound was prepared from 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C39) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a brown solid (0.183 g, 60%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)urea (P42)

The title compound was prepared from 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C39) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.117 g, 39%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)urea (P45)

The title compound was prepared from 2-methyl-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoyl azide (C39) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a brown solid (0.224 g, 65%).

Example 43 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoate (C40)

A flask containing (E)-ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-2-enoate (C26) (1.80 g, 4.31 mmol) and palladium on carbon (10 wt %, 0.46 g, 0.43 mmol) in ethyl acetate (14.5 mL) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen, and then evacuated and placed under hydrogen by balloon (˜1 atm). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then filtered through Celite® and concentrated to afford the title compound as a tan liquid (1.79 g, 98%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 2H), 4.08 (qd, J=7.1, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (dd, J=14.6, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (qd, J=15.1, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.34 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.19 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 420 ([M+H]+).

Example 44 Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid (C41)

To ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl) butanoate (C40) (1.78 g, 4.24 mmol) in methanol (14 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 12.7 mL, 25.4 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N), and the methanol was concentrated off under vacuum. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to afford the title compound as a clear gum (0.470 g, 28%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.02 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.21 (dd, J=14.4, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 392 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 44.

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoic acid (CA12)

The title compound was prepared from ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoate (CA48) and isolated as a white solid (0.927 g, 36%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.05 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.17-7.94 (m, 4H), 7.73-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.25 (m, 2H), 2.96 (ddd, J=14.7, 8.7, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.64 (dd, J=15.5, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.49 (m, 2H), 0.74 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.99; ESIMS m/z 406 ([M+H]+).

Example 45 Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide (C42)

To 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoic acid (C41) (1.77 g, 4.52 mmol) in toluene (18 mL) was added triethylamine (0.82 mL, 5.88 mol) and diphenyl phosphorazidate (1.05 mL, 4.98 mmol) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as a clear oil (0.223 g, 12% yield): 1H NMR is consistent with a mixture of carbonyl azide and isocyanate. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.28-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.30 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.08 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.81-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.37 (dd, J=10.4, 7.0 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 417 ([M+H]+)

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 45.

Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoyl azide/3-(4-(1-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C42a)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoic acid (CA12) to furnish a mixture of azide and isocyanate, 0.723 g, 72%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.56 (two s, 1H), 8.20-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dt, J=9.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.59 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.59 (m, 2H), 0.94-0.83 (m, 3H).

Example 46 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (F10)

3-(4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide (C42) (0.22 g, 0.52 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.6 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.12 g, 0.57 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.20 g, 0.61 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Sodium acetate (0.093 g, 1.1 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.07 mL, 0.78 mmol) and ethanol (2.6 mL) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted once more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to afford the title compound as an orange solid (0.12 g, 35%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 46.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P364)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoyl azide/3-(4-(1-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C42a) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a pink solid (0.110 g, 43%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P683)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoyl azide/3-(4-(1-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C42a) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as a brown foam (0.091 g, 47%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P209)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoyl azide/3-(4-(1-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C42a) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a brown foam (0.041 g, 30%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P1163)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoyl azide/3-(4-(1-isocyanatobutan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C42a) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a brown foam (0.072 g, 30%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P679)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 46 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide (C42) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as a brown solid (0.118 g, 54%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P205)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butanoyl azide (C42) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a brown solid (0.105 g, 43%).

Example 47 Preparation of 1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(4-vinylphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C43)

Methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (32.2 g, 90.0 mmol) and 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (14.9 mL, 99.0 mmol) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (260 mL) and refluxed for 30 minutes. 4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (15.0 g, 45.0 mmol) was added, and the reaction was heated at 65° C. for 5 hours. The solution was cooled and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with hexanes. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude compound was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-70% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (10.4 g, 67%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.77 (dd, J=17.6, 10.9 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (dd, J=17.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J=10.9, 0.8 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 332 ([M+H]+).

Example 48 Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanol (C44)

To 1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(4-vinylphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C43) (2.0 g, 6.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane (24 mL, 12.1 mmol), and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4.5 hours. Sodium hydroxide (3N, 4.0 mL, 12.0 mmol) was added, followed by hydrogen peroxide (30% wt, 1.5 mL, 15.1 mmol). The light green solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give a light green oil. The crude compound was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (1.5 g, 69%): mp 85-98° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (dd, J=9.2, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.41-7.30 (m, 2H), 4.69 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (td, J=7.0, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.79 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 162.18, 147.08, 143.70, 141.45, 135.72, 129.39, 128.23, 127.93, 125.96, 122.57, 121.10, 61.90, 61.90; 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 349 ([M+H]+).

Example 49 Preparation of ethyl 2,3-difluoro-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (C45)

Step 1. Sodium hydride (60% oil immersion, 0.48 g, 12 mmol) was added to a dry, oven-dried round bottomed flask and placed under nitrogen. Diethyl ether (9 mL) was added, followed by absolute ethanol (0.05 mL), and the reaction was cooled in an ice bath. Ethyl 2-fluoroacetate (0.87 mL, 9.0 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 15 minutes in ice bath (gas evolution ceased). 4-(1-(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (2.2 g, 6.5 mmol) was added in solid portions. The solution slowly turned color to a golden yellow. The ice bath was removed after 1 hour and warmed to room temperature, stirring for an additional 2 hours until the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, diluted with diethyl ether, and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The biphasic solution was diluted with brine and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×). The organic layers were dried organic over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give an orange liquid. The crude material was purified by reverse-phase flash column chromatography using 0-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent to afford the intermediate ethyl 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate as a crude compound (0.11 g).

Step 2. To the crude ethyl 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (0.11 g, 0.26 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.7 mL) at 0° C. was added Deoxo-fluor® (0.05 mL, 0.28 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-60% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a yellow oil (0.054 g, 47%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.32-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.11-5.76 (m, 1H), 5.52-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.27 (dqd, J=23.6, 7.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (dt, J=19.4, 7.1 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.04, −187.64, −187.68, −192.41, −192.44, −202.56, −202.60, −204.97, −205.00; ESIMS m/z 442 ([M+H]+).

Example 50 Preparation of (Z)-ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C46)

To 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzaldehyde (3.0 g, 9.0 mmol) in ethanol (11.5 mL) was added ethyl 2-cyanoacetate (0.95 mL, 8.9 mmol) and pyrrolidine (0.97 mL, 12 mmol). A yellow precipitate formed immediately and additional ethanol (10 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then concentrated onto Celite®. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes as eluent afforded the title compound as a white solid (2.1 g, 50%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.36-8.31 (m, 2H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.41 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162.46, 162.24, 154.18, 141.89, 135.36, 134.76, 132.41, 131.53, 127.22, 122.47, 121.33, 115.51, 103.28, 62.82, 14.19; ESIMS m/z 429 ([M+H]+).

Example 51 Preparation of (Z)-2-cyano-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (C47)

To (Z)-ethyl 2-cyano-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)acrylate (C46) (2.5 g, 5.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (3:2:1, 42 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (2.5 mL, 7.5 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, cooled in an ice bath, and acidified with hydrogen chloride (2N). The precipitate was filtered and washed with cold water to afford the title compound as a brown solid (2.2 g, 82%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.49 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.18 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.13-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H); ESIMS m/z 401 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 51.

Preparation of 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (CA13)

The title compound was prepared from methyl 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoate (CA1) and isolated as a tan solid (9.09 g, 94%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.98 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.99; ESIMS m/z 378 ([M+H]+), 376 ([M−H]−).

Example 52 Preparation of tert-butyl 4-bromophenethylcarbamate (C48)

To a stirring solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.19 g, 1.5 mmol) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (2.6 g, 12 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added 4-bromophenethylamine (1.6 mL, 10 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture directly adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.68 g, 22%): mp 58-59° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.51 (s, 1H), 3.43-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.75 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.79, 137.97, 131.62, 130.55, 120.25, 77.21, 41.58, 35.65, 28.39; EIMS m/z 301 ([M]+).

Example 53 Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenethylcarbamate (C49)

A mixture of tert-butyl 4-bromophenethylcarbamate (C48) (0.68 g, 2.3 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diborane (0.89 g, 3.5 mmol), potassium acetate (0.69 g, 7.0 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (0.10 g, 0.14 mmol), and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.075 g, 0.14 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (7 mL) was heated at 80° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude compound was adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-60% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford the title compound as a clear oil (0.86 g, 104%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.75 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.51 (s, 1H), 3.46-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 12H); ESIMS m/z 348 ([M+H]+).

Example 54 Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethylcarbamate (C50)

A mixture of 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1) (0.55 g, 1.8 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenethyl carbamate (C49) (0.63 mg, 1.8 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.21 g, 0.18 mmol), and sodium bicarbonate (0.33 g, 3.9 mmol) in dioxane/water (16 mL, 3:1) in a 20 mL vial was capped and heated at 140° C. for 30 minutes in a Biotage Initiator® microwave reactor with external IR-sensor temperature monitoring from the side of the vessel. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layers were extracted with ethyl acetate (2×), and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to provide the title compound as a white solid (0.48 g, 60%): mp 149-151° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 3.51-3.34 (m, 2H), 2.87 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 449 ([M+H]+).

Example 55 Preparation of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C51)

4-Bromo benzamide (28.0 g, 0.140 mol) was suspended in 1,1-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethanamine (50 mL, 420 mmol) and the solution was stirred and heated to 90° C. for 2 hours. The solution was then cooled to ambient temperature and diethyl ether (150 mL) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C. overnight and filtered to give (E)-4-bromo-N—((dimethylamino)methylene)benzamide as a colorless solid (25.6 g). This material was then dissolved in acetic acid (50 mL) and hydrazine (3.50 g, 110 mmol) was added slowly (exotherm) to the stirred solution, which solidified. The mixture was heated to 90° C. and a stir bar was added. The solid slowly dissolved over 8 hours and was then cooled to ambient temperature and the solution was diluted with water (35 mL). The resulting white solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to furnish the title compound as a colorless solid (19.8 g, 88%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.91 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.67 (m, 2H; ESIMS m/z 224, 226 ([M+H]+).

Example 56 Preparation of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C52)

To a solution of 1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene (15.0 g, 52.0 mmol) in dimethylformamide (90 mL) and water (10 mL) was added 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C51) (11.0 g, 49.0 mmol), cesium carbonate (34.0 g, 104 mmol), copper(I) iodide (2.80 g, 14.7 mmol), and 8-hydroxyquinoline (2.20 g, 15.0 mmol), and the solution was heated at 140° C. for 8 hours. The cooled solution was decanted from a layer of solid, diluted with a ammonium hydroxide (1N, 100 mL) solution, and extracted with of diethyl ether (2×100 mL). The combined organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the brown solid was eluted through a short silica gel column using 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to give the title compound as a light tan solid (9.50 g, 50%): mp 111-113° C., 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H); ESIMS m/z 384 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C53)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 56 using 1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene to furnish the title compound as a white solid (3.21 g, 64%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H); ESIMS m/z 368, 370 ([M+H]+).

Example 57 Preparation of tert-butyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethylcarbamate (C50)

To a solution of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C52) (0.13 g, 0.32 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) and water (1 mL) was added potassium (2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)trifluoroborate (0.082 g, 0.33 mmol), palladium(II) acetate (0.027 g, 0.027 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.33 g, 1.0 mmol), and dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-diisopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)phosphine (0.016 g, 0.034 mmol), and the solution was stirred under nitrogen and heated to 95° C. for 8 hours. The solution was then cooled and diluted with diethyl ether (5 mL) and adsorbed onto a silica gel pre-column. Flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent furnished the title compound as a light tan solid (0.095 g, 63%): mp 149-153° C., 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.58 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.49-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.87 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ESIMS m/z 449 ([M+H]+).

Example 58 Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanamine (C55)

To a stirred and cooled (0° C.) solution of tert-butyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethylcarbamate (C50) (0.35 g, 0.77 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.060 mL, 0.78 mmol), and the solution was allowed to warm slowly to ambient temperature. After 18 hours, an additional amount of trifluoroacetic acid (0.060 mL, 0.78 mmol) was added. After 24 hours a third aliquot of trifluoroacetic acid (0.060 mL, 0.78 mmol) was added. After an additional 24 hours, the solution was concentrated to give the title compound as a tan solid (0.325 g, 88%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.08 (dd, J=8.8, 2.6 Hz, 4H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.17-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.89 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 349 ([M+H]+).

Example 58a Preparation of 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanamine (CA51)

To a stirred and cooled (0° C.) solution of tert-butyl 4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethylcarbamate (C50) (0.10 g, 0.22 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.19 mL, 0.25 mmol), and the solution was allowed to warm slowly to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated, taken up in hexanes, concentrated until a solid was obtained. The solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2×). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate. The organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound as a white solid (0.075 g, 97%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.29 (m, 4H), 3.02 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.45-1.29 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.04.

Example 59 Preparation of 2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C56)

To 3-(4-bromophenyl)propan-1-ol (4.70 g, 21.9 mmol), isoindoline-1,3-dione (3.54 g, 24.0 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (6.88 g, 26.2 mmol) in a 500 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a stir bar, nitrogen, and addition funnel, and cooled in an ice water bath was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (5.10 mL, 26.2 mmol). The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over the weekend. The reaction mixture was adsorbed onto Celite®. Purification by flash column chromatography using 5-20% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent provided a solid which was dried overnight at 50° C. in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid (6.51 g, 87%): mp 88-90° C., 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.86-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J=5.5, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.11-7.04 (m, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.96 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 346 [(M+2)+].

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 59.

Preparation of 2-(3-bromophenethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C57)

The title compound was prepared from 2-(3-bromophenyl)ethanol to afford the title compound as a white solid (3.92 g, 81%): mp 100-104° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.88-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.76-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.35 (dt, J=7.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.92 (m, 2H); ESIMS m/z 332 ([M+2]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(3-bromophenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C57a)

The title compound was prepared from 4-(3-bromophenyl)butan-1-ol (C86) to afford the title compound as a white solid (7.68 g, 62%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.91-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.40 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dt, J=7.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.15 (m, 2H), 3.59 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.72-1.45 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.92, 144.86, 134.30, 131.57, 131.00, 130.34, 128.57, 127.41, 122.94, 121.55, 37.10, 34.08, 28.08, 27.50; EIMS m/z 357,359.

Preparation of 2-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA14)

The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (CA45) and isolated as a light yellow solid (4.49 g, 81%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.96 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.62 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.97 (p, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 493 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA15)

The title compound was prepared from 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-ol (CA24), further purified by trituration with diethyl ether/hexanes and isolated as a white solid (0.372 g, 76%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.94-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.71 (dd, J=5.5, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.65 (m, 4H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.48; ESIMS m/z 491 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA16)

The title compound was prepared from 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-ol (CA25) and isolated as a white solid (2.39 g, 59%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.84 (dd, J=5.4, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dd, J=9.2, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.85-1.61 (m, 4H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 507 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA17)

The title compound was prepared from 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-ol (CA23) and isolated as a white solid (0.393 g, 74%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (dd, J=5.5, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J=5.5, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 503 ([M+H]+).

Example 60 Preparation of 2-(3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C58)

To 2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C56) (6.46 g, 18.8 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (7.15 g, 28.2 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(11) (0.831 g, 1.13 mmol), and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.624 g, 1.13 mmol) in a 200 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a stir bar and nitrogen was added potassium(II) acetate (5.53 g, 56.3 mmol) followed by dioxane (56.9 mL). The reaction mixture was evacuated and purged with nitrogen. The reaction was heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 5-20% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent provided the title compound as a yellow oil (7.41 g, 101%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.82 (dd, J=5.4, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 3.74 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.75-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 168.38, 144.40, 134.93, 133.84, 132.09, 127.73, 123.17, 83.62, 60.40, 37.81, 33.42, 29.71, 24.85; ESIMS m/z 392 ([M+H]+).

Example 61 Preparation of 2-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C59)

To 3-bromo-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C1) (0.50 g, 1.6 mmol), 2-(3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C58) (0.64 g, 1.6 mmol), sodium bicarbonate (0.27 g, 3.3 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.19 g, 0.16 mmol) in a 10-20 mL microwave vial equipped with a stir bar was added dioxane (12 mL) and water (4.1 mL). The reaction was capped and heated at 140° C. for 30 minutes in a Biotage Initiator® microwave reactor with external IR-sensor temperature monitoring from the side of the vessel. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-30% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent provided a solid which was dried under house vacuum overnight. The title compound was obtained as a white solid (0.42 g, 53%): mp 145-148° C., 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.54 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (ddd, J=5.5, 3.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.82-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.69 (ddd, J=5.5, 3.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (dt, J=9.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.79-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.08 (p, J=7.5 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 493 ([M+H]+).

Example 62 Preparation of 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60)

To 2-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (C59) (0.373 g, 0.758 mmol) in a 25 mL vial equipped with a stir bar, Vigreux column, and nitrogen was added methanol (7.58 mL) followed by hydrazine monohydrate (0.110 mL, 2.27 mmol). The reaction was heated to 50° C. until determined to be complete by LCMS. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with dichloromethane. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2×). The organic layers were washed with sodium hydroxide (1N, 4×), poured through a phase separator and concentrated. The resultant solid was dried in vacuo over 72 hours at 50° C. to provide the title compound as an off-white solid (0.262 g, 95%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.69-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.59 (m, 2H), (NH2 not observed); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 363 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 62.

Preparation of 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 62 using 2-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA14) and isolated as a clear oil (3.49 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.00-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (q, J=9.0, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.62 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −57.01; ESIMS m/z 364 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA19)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 62 using 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA15), further purified with an SCX column and isolated as a yellow solid (0.215 g, 79%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.54 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.48; ESIMS m/z 361 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 62 using 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA16) and isolated as a white solid (1.76 g, 99%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dt, J=8.1, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.65 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.08 (bs, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 377 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 62 using 2-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)pisoindoline-1,3-dione (CA2) and isolated as a light brown residue (1.94 g, 47%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.98-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dt, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.64 (tt, J=9.2, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (p, J=7.1 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 378 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-amine (CA22)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 62 using 2-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (CA17), further purified using an SCX column and isolated as a yellow solid (0.304 g, 104%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), (NH2 not observed); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 373 ([M+H]+).

Example 63 Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (F21)

To 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) (0.231 g, 0.639 mmol) in a 25 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and nitrogen was added dichloromethane (4.3 mL), water (2.1 mL), and sodium bicarbonate (0.161 g, 1.92 mmol). Triphosgene (0.0760 g, 0.255 mmol) was added in one portion and the reaction was stirred vigorously until the conversion of the starting material was observed by LCMS. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, poured through a phase separator and concentrated. The resultant solid was suspended in acetonitrile (6.0 mL) in a 100 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a stir bar and nitrogen. To this was added cesium carbonate (0.229 g, 0.702 mmol) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.133 g, 0.639 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-30% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent provided mixed fractions. The fractions were combined and re-purified by flash column chromatography using 0-30% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent and the resultant solid was dried in vacuo at 50° C. overnight to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.145 g, 38%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 63.

Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC92)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.061 g, 21%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.02 (s, 1H), 10.06 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.14-7.99 (m, 3H), 7.63 (dt, J=7.3, 1.3 Hz, 3H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.14 (m, 4H), 7.09 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.74 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 555 ([M+H]+), 553 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC105)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.119 g, 38%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.79 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.16-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.70-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz, 3H), 7.08 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=8.7, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.16 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (dd, J=8.5, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.81 (p, J=7.2 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 585 ([M+H]+), 583 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC93)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.112 g, 37%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.04 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.16-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.10 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.91-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.11 (m, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC101)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39). Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.146 g, 47%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.59 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.02 (m, 4H), 3.17 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (p, J=1.9 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.12 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC94)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.161 g, 31%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.97 (s, 1H), 10.08 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.13-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.24 (dtd, J=24.9, 7.4, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.01 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (p, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.17 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC102)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.101 g, 32%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.87 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.14-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04-6.95 (m, 1H), 3.17 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (dd, J=8.6, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.81 (p, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+), 595 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC103)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.116 g, 36%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.15-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.63 (dd, J=8.7, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.5, 5.7 Hz, 3H), 7.16 (dd, J=10.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12-6.97 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.89 (m, 1H), 2.70 (dd, J=8.6, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.92-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97, −114.39; ESIMS m/z 601 ([M+H]+), 599 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC99)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (C60) and 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38). Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.111 g, 35%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.14-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.62 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.81 (dt, J=13.7, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (q, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.86 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+), 595 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC118)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.075 g, 24%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.03 (s, 1H), 10.05 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.01-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.10 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.93-1.74 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 555 ([M+H]+), 553 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC131)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.103 g, 31%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.80 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.08 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=8.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.93-1.72 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 585 ([M+H]+), 583 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC119)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.175 g, 55%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.04 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.55 (dt, J=6.5, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=5.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 7.15-7.06 (m, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.90-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.12 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC127)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39). Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.154 g, 47%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.59 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.62 (dt, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.04 (m, 3H), 3.18 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.83-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.48 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC120)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.131 g, 40%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.97 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.01-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.62 (ddd, J=7.9, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.27 (td, J=7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (td, J=7.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (hept, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.93-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.16 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC128)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.123 g, 37%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.87 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.91 (m, 2H), 7.61 (ddd, J=7.9, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04-6.97 (m, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (hept, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.14 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+), 595 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC129)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.140 g, 41%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 10.11 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.61 (dq, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.15 (dd, J=10.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (td, J=8.5, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.26-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (pd, J=6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (dd, J=8.5, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.90-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97, −114.41; ESIMS m/z 601 ([M+H]+), 599 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC124)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea. Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.118 g, 35%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.91 (s, 1H), 10.05 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.93 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=4.9, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15-7.03 (m, 2H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (hept, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.13 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+), 595 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC125)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-amine (CA18) and 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38). Sodium acetate was used in place of sodium bicarbonate. The title compound was isolated as a white solid (0.134 g, 40%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.45 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.11 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (ddd, J=7.9, 1.7, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (dd, J=8.7, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (dd, J=8.6, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.41 (m, 2H), 0.84 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.98; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+), 595 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC159)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA19) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.101 g, 37%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.86 (bs, 1H), 9.77 (bs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.85-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.20 (m, 5H), 5.68 (bs, 1H), 3.29 (d, J=17.5 Hz, 2H), 3.13-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.69 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 2H), 1.56 (s, 2H), 1.21 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.48; ESIMS m/z 595 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC150)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.153 g, 38%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.91 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.67-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 1H), 3.17 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (hept, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.13 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 611 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]but-3-ynyl]urea (PC160)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-amine (CA22) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.183 g, 39%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.90 (s, 1H), 10.27 (s, 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.09 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (q, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (hept, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.14 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 607 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC146)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.091 g, 38%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.95 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.10-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.61 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.44-7.29 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 3.23-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.71-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.14 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC145)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.111 g, 48%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.61 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (dd, J=5.6, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J=5.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 3.22-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.04 (m, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC151)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38) and isolated as a white solid (0.110 g, 45%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.98 (s, 1H), 9.97 (s, 1H), 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.03 (m, 4H), 7.60 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 2H), 3.16 (q, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.38 (m, 4H), 0.82 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 611 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC154)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.100 g, 41%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.84 (s, 1H), 9.97 (s, 1H), 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.11-7.96 (m, 4H), 7.60 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (q, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.00-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.66 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.12 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 611 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC153)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) and isolated as a white solid (0.141 g, 59%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.59 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.12-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.75-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.65 (q, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (q, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC144)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.097 g, 43%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 9.98 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.14-7.90 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.37 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.23-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.68 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.44 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoro methoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC152)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.122 g, 53%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.53 (s, 1H), 9.98 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (q, J=5.2 Hz, 3H), 6.99 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (s, 6H), 1.66 (p, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC156)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as a white solid (0.114 g, 46%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.13-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J=8.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (hept, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.65 (p, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.13 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 627 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC155)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA20) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.089 g, 36%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.37 (s, 1H), 8.11-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.61 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.44-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.14 (dd, J=10.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09-6.96 (m, 2H), 3.18 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.03-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.70-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97, −114.40; ESIMS m/z 615 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC170)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.102 g, 35%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.03 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.98 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.44 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.03 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.52 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC171)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.113 g, 38%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.05 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.06 (m, 2H), 8.00 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.56 (dd, J=5.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.05 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.59-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.69 (tt, J=9.0, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.12 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC179)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) and isolated as a white solid (0.143 g, 47%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.62 (s, 1H), 10.04 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.06 (m, 2H), 8.00 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (ddt, J=7.8, 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.10 (dq, J=6.3, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (td, J=7.5, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.69 (p, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.62-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC172)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.072 g, 24%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.99 (s, 1H), 10.05 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.00 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dq, J=7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=7.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (ddd, J=7.8, 3.3, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (td, J=7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (td, J=7.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (p, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (p, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 597 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC180)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.139 g, 45%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.89 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.00 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dq, J=7.8, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J=2.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07-6.97 (m, 2H), 3.20 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.68 (p, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.61-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 611 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC181)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.114 g, 36%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.87 (s, 1H), 10.09 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.00 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J=10.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (td, J=8.3, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.76-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96, −114.42; ESIMS m/z 615 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC176)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.119 g, 38%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.93 (s, 1H), 10.03 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.07 (m, 2H), 8.00 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (dt, J=7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dt, J=7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.04 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.14 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 611 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC182)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 63 using 4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-amine (CA21) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40) and isolated as a white solid (0.141 g, 44%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.02 (s, 1H), 10.03 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.98 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (ddd, J=7.7, 1.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J=8.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.18 (q, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.12 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 627 ([M+H]+).

Example 64 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (F20)

To 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (F21) (0.110 g, 0.184 mmol) in a 25 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and Vigreux column was added sodium acetate (0.0600 g, 0.735 mmol), ethanol (2 mL) and methyl bromoacetate (0.0250 mL, 0.276 mmol). The reaction was heated to 70° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled and diluted with dichloromethane. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layers were poured through a phase separator and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-30% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent provided a solid which was dried overnight at 50° C. in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid (0.0791 g, 68%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 64.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P92)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-(O-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC92) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.036 g, 72%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P105)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC105) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.085 g, 75%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P93, P510)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC93) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.057 g, 54%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P101)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC101) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.059 g, 41%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P94, P197)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC94) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.071 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P102)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC102) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.070 g, 75%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P103, P1150)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC103) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.084 g, 77%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P99, P830)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC99) and isolated as a light yellow solid (0.075 g, 72%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P118)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC118) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.051 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P131)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC131) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.074 g, 89%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P119)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC119) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.071 g, 83%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P127)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC127) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.061 g, 43%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P120)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC120) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.091 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P128)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC128) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.091 g, 84%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P129)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC129) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.095 g, 81%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P124)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC124) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.077 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propyl)urea (P125)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[3-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]propyl]urea (PC125) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.097 g, 86%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P159)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC159) and isolated as a white solid (0.063 g, 70%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-yl)urea (P160)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]but-3-ynyl]urea (PC160) and isolated as a yellow solid (0.122 g, 74%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P150, P363)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC150) and isolated as a white solid (0.068 g, 78%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P146, P208)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC146) isolated as a white solid (0.063 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P145, P522)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC145) and isolated as a white solid (0.084 g, 83%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P151, P842)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC151) and isolated as a white solid (0.081 g, 81%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P154)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC154) and isolated as a white solid (0.070 g, 82%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P153)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC153) and isolated as a white foam (0.059 g, 52%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P144)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC144) and isolated as a white foam (0.070 g, 76%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P152, P1481)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC152) and isolated as a white solid (0.078 g, 72%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P156, P682)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC156) and isolated as a white solid (0.089 g, 82%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P155, P1162)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC155) and isolated as a white foam (0.075 g, 88%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P170)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC170) and isolated as a white solid (0.061 g, 72%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P171)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC171) and isolated as a white solid (0.078 g, 77%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P179)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC179) and isolated as a white solid (0.048 g, 37%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P172)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC172) and isolated as a white solid (0.048 g, 80%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P180)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC180) and isolated as a white solid (0.086 g, 66%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P181)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC181) and isolated as a white solid (0.058 g, 57%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P176)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC176) and isolated as a white solid (0.076 g, 74%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butyl)urea (P182)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[4-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]butyl]urea (PC182) and isolated as a white solid (0.064 g, 58%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P74)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC74) and isolated as a white solid (0.076 g, 77%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P87)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC87) and isolated as a white solid (0.079 g, 84%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P75)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC75) and isolated as a white solid (0.071 g, 73%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P83)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC83) and isolated as a white solid (0.042 g, 34%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P76)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC76) and isolated as a white solid (0.026 g, 72%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P84)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC84) and isolated as a white solid (0.056 g, 77%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P85)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC85) and isolated as a white solid (0.063 g, 77%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P81)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC81) and isolated as a yellow solid (0.014 g, 68%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P80)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 64 using 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC80) and isolated as a white solid (0.076 g, 74%).

Example 65 Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-ol (C61)

To 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C53) (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol) in a 25 mL vial equipped with a stir bar and cap with septa was added bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (0.019 g, 0.027 mmol), copper(I) iodide (0.0026 g, 0.014 mmol) and triethylamine (8.5 mL) followed by but-3-yn-1-ol (0.12 mL, 1.6 mmol). The reaction was heated to 60° C. overnight. The reaction was stopped and cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was treated with 50% ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent provided a solid which was dried overnight at 50° C. in vacuo to afford the title compound as a tan solid. It was calculated based on 1H NMR to be mixed with the starting butynol (8%), (0.38 g, 71%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.94-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.50 (m, 2H), 3.85 (q, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.51; ESIMS m/z 358 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 65.

Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-01 (CA23)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 65 using 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C52), further purified by trituration with diethyl ether/hexanes and isolated as a white solid (5.46 g, 66%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dq, J=8.8, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (q, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.83 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.02; ESIMS m/z 374 ([M+H]+).

Example 66 Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-ol (CA24)

To 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-ol (C61) (0.376 g, 0.967 mmol) in a 100 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a stir bar and septa was added ethyl acetate (9.67 mL) followed by palladium on carbon (0.103 g, 0.0970 mmol). The reaction mixture was evacuated with vacuum and purged with hydrogen (balloon) (2×) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite®, washed with ethyl acetate and concentrated to provide the title compound as a white solid (0.363 g, 104%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.94-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.80 (dd, J=8.2, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.28 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.81-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.60 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −62.48; ESIMS m/z 362 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 66.

Preparation of 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)butan-1-ol (CA25)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 66 using 4-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)but-3-yn-1-ol (CA23) and isolated as a white solid (3.03 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.86-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dq, J=9.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.59 (m, 3H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.59 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 378 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 5-methyl-2-propylaniline (CA26)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 66 using 1-allyl-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene (CA30) and isolated as a yellow liquid (1.39 g, 93%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.92 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.47-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.53 (m, 2H), 0.99 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.91, 136.52, 129.46, 123.83, 119.49, 116.29, 33.05, 22.10, 21.05, 14.19; EIMS m/z 149 ([M]+).

Preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methoxyaniline (CA27)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 66 using 4-methoxy-2-nitro-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene (CA43) and isolated as a yellow liquid (2.23 g, 95%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.03 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 2H), 2.83 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.24 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); EIMS m/z 165 ([M]+).

Preparation of 2-ethyl-5-methylaniline (CA28)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 66 using 4-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinylbenzene (CA31) and isolated as a yellow liquid (0.926 g, 88%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.95 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.48 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 143.80, 136.48, 128.32, 125.22, 119.59, 116.15, 23.67, 21.03, 13.24; EIMS m/z 135 ([M]+).

Preparation of 2-ethyl-4-methylaniline (CA29)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 66 using 5-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinylbenzene (CA32) and isolated as a brown liquid (1.07 g, 88%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.86-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.60 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.50 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.24 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 141.35, 129.09, 128.25, 128.01, 127.19, 115.56, 24.05, 20.55, 13.17; EIMS m/z 135 ([M]+).

Example 67 Preparation of 1-allyl-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene (CA30)

To 1-chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene (2.00 g, 11.7 mmol), allyltributylstannane (5.79 g, 17.5 mmol) and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (0.818 g, 1.17 mmol) in two 25-mL reaction vials was added 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL). The vials were capped and heated at 120° C. for 45 minutes in a Biotage Initiator® microwave reactor with an external IR-sensor temperature monitoring from the side of the vessel. The reaction mixture was loaded onto a Celite® cartridge. The crude material was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent followed by reverse-phase flash column chromatography using 0-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent. The combined acetonitrile/water fractions were concentrated, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and dried in a vacuum oven to provide the title compound as a yellow liquid (1.76 g, 84%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.96 (ddt, J=16.6, 10.1, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (ddq, J=18.5, 17.0, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 149.09, 137.62, 135.35, 133.81, 131.81, 131.72, 124.94, 116.81, 36.62, 20.72; EIMS m/z 176 ([M]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 67.

Preparation of 4-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinylbenzene (CA31)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 67 using 1-chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene and tributyl(vinyl)stannane, further purified by flash column chromatography and reverse phase chromatography and isolated as a yellow liquid (1.26 g, 65%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J=17.3, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (dd, J=17.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (dd, J=11.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 147.71, 138.91, 133.92, 132.31, 130.52, 128.22, 124.63, 118.10, 20.88; EIMS m/z 163 ([M]+).

Preparation of 5-methyl-2-nitro-1-vinylbenzene (CA32)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 67 using 1-chloro-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene and tributyl(vinyl)stannane, further purified by flash column chromatography and reverse phase chromatography and isolated as a yellow liquid (1.46 g, 75%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (ddd, J=11.0, 9.9, 8.2 Hz, 2H), 5.71 (dd, J=17.3, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (dd, J=11.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.56, 144.31, 133.64, 133.05, 129.08, 128.98, 124.68, 118.52, 21.49; EIMS m/z 163 μl.

Example 68 Preparation of N-((5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA33)

To 5-methyl-2-propylaniline (CA26) (1.38 g, 9.22 mmol) and benzoyl isothiocyanate (1.24 mL, 9.22 mmol) was added acetone (13 mL). The reaction was heated at 60° C. for 4 h. The reaction was cooled and concentrated. The resulting oil was dried in a vacuum oven overnight providing the title compound as a brown oil (3.26 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.92 (dt, J=8.5, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.71-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 3H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 2.66-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.57 (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.64, 166.90, 136.22, 135.72, 134.57, 133.74, 131.68, 129.79, 129.22, 128.64, 127.55, 127.24, 33.28, 23.58, 21.01, 13.98; ESIMS m/z 313 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 68.

Preparation of N-((2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA34)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 68 using 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline and isolated as a yellow liquid (6.41 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.88 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 8.02-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.14 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 299 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of N-((2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA35)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 68 using 2-isopropyl-5-methoxyaniline (CA27) and isolated as a yellow liquid (4.63 g, 100%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 9.13 (s, 1H), 7.98-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.10 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.26 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); ESIMS m/z 329 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of N-((2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA36)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 68 using 2-ethyl-5-methylaniline (CA28) and isolated as an orange solid (2.10 g, 97%): mp 105-107° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 9.14 (s, 1H), 7.92 (dt, J=8.6, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.73-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 2.71-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.24 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.72, 166.94, 136.22, 136.13, 135.53, 133.75, 131.65, 129.23, 128.88, 128.86, 127.53, 127.23, 24.26, 20.98, 14.56; ESIMS m/z 299 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of N-((2-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA37)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 68 using 2-ethyl-4-methylaniline (CA29) and isolated as an orange solid (2.46 g, 100%): mp 103° C. (dec.); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.86 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 2.66 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.89, 166.97, 138.94, 137.88, 133.75, 133.20, 131.67, 129.77, 129.23, 127.55, 127.15, 126.71, 24.63, 21.27, 14.52; ESIMS m/z 299 ([M+H]+).

Example 69 Preparation of 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38)

To N-((5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (C72) (3.21 g, 10.3 mmol) in methanol (80 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (2N, 10.3 mL, 20.5 mmol) and heated at 50° C. for 2 hours and then stirred at room temperature over the weekend. The reaction was concentrated, diluted with water, extracted with dichloromethane, filtered through a phase separator, concentrated, and dried in a vacuum oven to provide the title compound as a tan solid (1.80 g, 83%): mp 143-145° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 5.99 (d, J=254.5 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.59 (dq, J=14.8, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.95 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 181.96, 137.53, 136.74, 134.00, 130.69, 129.72, 127.85, 32.90, 23.66, 20.80, 13.93; ESIMS m/z 209 ([M+H]+).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 69.

Preparation of 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 69 using N-((2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA34), further purified by trituration with water and isolated as a white solid (3.46 g, 83%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.13 (bs, 1H), 5.33 (bs, 1H), 2.77-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); ESIMS m/z 195 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thiourea (CA40)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 69 using N-((2-isopropyl-5-methoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA35) and isolated as an orange solid (2.65 g, 83%): mp 134-139° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J=8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.10 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.19 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); ESIMS m/z 225 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA41)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 69 using N-((2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA36) and isolated as a pale orange solid (1.26 g, 94%): mp 143-147° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 5.86 (s, 2H), 2.61 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.19 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.13, 138.27, 137.53, 133.74, 129.95, 129.93, 127.84, 24.00, 20.79, 14.77; ESIMS m/z 195 ([M+H]+).

Preparation of 1-(2-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA42)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 69 using N-((2-ethyl-4-methylphenyl)carbamothioyl)benzamide (CA37) and isolated as a tan solid (1.40 g, 86%): mp 153-155° C.; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dt, J=8.1, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 5.85 (d, J=184.3 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.20 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.32, 141.33, 139.33, 131.29, 130.75, 128.15, 127.36, 24.36, 21.18, 14.74; ESIMS m/z 195 ([M+H]+).

Example 70 Preparation of 4-methoxy-2-nitro-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)benzene (CA43)

To 1-chloro-4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene (5.03 g, 26.8 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5.41 g, 32.2 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (1.50 g, 2.15 mmol), and sodium carbonate (3.41 g, 32.2 mmol) was added dioxane/water (4:1, 100 mL:25 mL). The reaction was heated at 80° C. for 5 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate (3×), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-5% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent followed by drying in vacuum oven provided the title compound as an orange oil (2.74 g, 53%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.24-4.75 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.19-1.88 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 158.79, 148.61, 142.53, 131.41, 131.32, 119.24, 115.20, 108.64, 55.84, 23.38; EIMS m/z 193 ([M]+).

Example 71 Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC2)

A fine suspension of (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenylmethanamine (C16) (0.300 g, 0.897 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 mL) was added, in a slow dropwise fashion, to a biphasic solution of bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (0.107 g, 0.359 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.221 g, 2.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 mL) and water (2.0 mL). The reaction was allowed to stir for 30 minutes. The reaction was passed through a phase separator, washing with additional dichloromethane and the organic layer was concentrated. The resulting residue was diluted with acetonitrile (4.0 mL), and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea (0.178 g, 0.987 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.351 g, 1.08 mmol) were added as solids. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and water and passed through a phase separator. The organic layer was concentrated on to Celite® and purified by reverse phase flash column chromatography (C18) using 20-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent providing the title compound as a white solid (0.100 g, 16%) contaminated with −20% of the dimer urea: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.99 (s, 1H), 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 9.40 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.18-8.03 (m, 6H), 7.63 (dddd, J=9.2, 4.3, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 3H), 7.54 (ddd, J=12.1, 7.0, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.50-7.38 (m, 3H), 7.35-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 4.44 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.14 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 541 ([M+H]+), 539 ([M−H]−)

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 71.

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC3)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.157 g, 30%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.81 (s, 1H), 10.26 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.03 (m, 4H), 7.63 (ddt, J=7.8, 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.39 (dd, J=8.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J=10.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (td, J=8.5, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.93 (m, 1H), 1.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96, −114.33; ESIMS m/z 573 ([M+H]+), 571 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC5)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.110 g, 21%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.83 (s, 1H), 10.21 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.05 (m, 4H), 7.63 (dq, J=8.9, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (hept, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.16 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC7)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA41) and isolated as an off white solid (0.092 g, 18%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.94 (s, 1H), 10.22 (s, 1H), 9.41 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 8.18-8.04 (m, 4H), 7.63 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=8.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.51 (dt, J=3.6, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.08 (m, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 555 ([M+H]+), 553 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC8)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38) and isolated as an off white solid (0.079 g, 15%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.98 (s, 1H), 10.22 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.06 (m, 4H), 7.69-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08-6.99 (m, 1H), 4.44 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.43 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.50 (h, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 0.86 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC6)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.076 g, 15%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.76 (s, 1H), 10.18 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.04 (m, 5H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.58-7.35 (m, 5H), 6.90-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J=8.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESMIS m/z 557 ([M+H]+), 555 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC1)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (C16) and 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.116 g, 24%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.00 (s, 1H), 10.22 (s, 1H), 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.06 (m, 4H), 7.64 (dp, J=7.8, 0.9 Hz, 3H), 7.55 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.46 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 527 ([M+H]+), 525 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC14)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (CA3) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.088 g, 17%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.94 (s, 1H), 10.24 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.19-8.13 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.45 (dd, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (td, J=7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (td, J=7.6, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (hept, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 539 ([M+H]+), 537 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC15)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (CA3) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.073 g, 14%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.84 (s, 1H), 10.21 (s, 1H), 9.55 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.19-8.12 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.01 (m, 1H), 4.47 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.00 (hept, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.19 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 553 ([M+H]+), 551 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC16)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 71 using (4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine (CA3) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea and isolated as a white solid (0.033 g, 6%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.17 (s, 1H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.15-8.06 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J=8.6, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, J=5.9, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −60.79; ESIMS m/z 541 ([M+H]+), 539 ([M−H]−).

Example 72 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P3, P1172)

To a 20 mL vial was added 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC3) (0.092 g, 0.16 mmol), sodium acetate (0.040 g, 0.48 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate (0.084 mL, 0.80 mmol) and acetonitrile (2.0 mL). The vial was sealed and the reaction was heated overnight at 65° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine solution and dichloromethane and passed through a phase separator. The organic layer was concentrated and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography using 10-80% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent providing the title compound as a white solid (0.058 g, 58%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 72.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P7)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(2-ethyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC7) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.034 g, 44%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P8, P852)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC8) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.018 g, 25%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P6)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC6) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.041 g, 46%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P5)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC5) and isolated as an off-white solid (0.012 g, 25%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P2, P532)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC2) and isolated as a white solid (0.031 g, 28%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(4-oxo-3-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P1)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC1) and ethanol as solvent and isolated as a white solid (0.086 g, 79%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P14)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC14) and ethanol as solvent and isolated as a white solid (0.055 g, 69%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P15)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 72 using 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC15) and ethanol as solvent and isolated as a white solid (0.049 g, 80%).

Example 73 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)-4-methylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl)urea (P20)

To a 20 mL vial was added 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (PC5) (0.044 g, 0.077 mmol), sodium acetate (0.019 g, 0.23 mmol), 1-chloropropan-2-one (0.0092 mL, 0.12 mmol) and acetonitrile (1.5 mL). The vial was sealed and heated overnight at 65° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with brine solution and dichloromethane and passed through a phase separator. The organic layer was concentrated and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography using 10-80% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent providing the title compound as an off-white solid (0.010 g, 21%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.01 (m, 4H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.62 (dq, J=7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=1.3 Hz, 2H), 6.66 (q, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.28 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.10 (d, J=1.1 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 607 ([M+H]+).

Example 74 Preparation of 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44)

To a suspension of 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (CA13) (3.0 g, 8.0 mmol) and triethylamine (1.1 mL, 8.0 mmol) in toluene (80 mL) in a 200 mL round bottomed flask was added diphenyl phosphorazidate (1.7 mL, 8.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated on to Celite®. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent provided a pale yellow oil (1.8 g) which was stored overnight. The oil, which was determined by 1H NMR to be a mixture of acyl azide and isocyanate solidified over time and was stored an additional night under vacuum. The resultant solid was dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) 1,2-dichloroethane and heated at 60° C. for 3 hours. The solvent was concentrated to give the title compound (1.8 g, 59%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.06 (m, 2H), 8.06-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dq, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (td, J=7.6, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dt, J=7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97.

Example 75 Preparation of 1-(o-tolylcarbamothioyl)-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC74)

To a 20 mL vial, 1-(o-tolyl)thiourea (0.096 g, 0.58 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.22 g, 0.68 mmol) were charged as solids. Then 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) (0.20 g, 0.52 mmol) in acetonitrile (4.0 mL) was added. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and filtered through a phase separator. The filtrate was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent followed by flash column chromatography using 10-50% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes, as eluent to provide the title compound as a white solid (0.11 g, 37%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.12 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.39 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.03 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 541 ([M+H]+), 539 ([M−H]−).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 75.

Preparation of 1-[(4-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC87)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)thiourea isolated as a white solid (0.105 g, 34%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.78 (s, 1H), 10.07 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.01 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=8.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.45 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 517 ([M+H]+), 569 [(M−H)+].

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC75)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(2-ethylphenyl)thiourea isolated as a white solid (0.104 g, 35%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.01 (s, 1H), 10.13 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.96 (m, 1H), 3.47 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.58-2.51 (m, 2H), 1.11 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 555 ([M+H]+), 553 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC83)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)thiourea (CA39) isolated as a white solid (0.137 g, 45%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.58 (s, 1H), 10.13 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.62 (ddd, J=7.9, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 2H), 7.00 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.90 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (dd, J=7.6, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.14-1.08 (m, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropylphenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC76)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea isolated as a white solid (0.033 g, 11%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.95 (s, 1H), 10.14 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dq, J=7.8, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (dd, J=7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (td, J=7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (td, J=7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 569 ([M+H]+), 567 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC84)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)thiourea isolated as a white solid (0.077 g, 25%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 10.10 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.61 (ddd, J=7.9, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dt, J=7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.96 (m, 2H), 3.46 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.91 (dt, J=17.9, 6.9 Hz, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.14 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(4-fluoro-2-isopropyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC85)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(4-fluoro-2-isopropylphenyl)thiourea isolated as a white solid (0.085 g, 27%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.83 (s, 1H), 10.17 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.15 (dd, J=10.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (td, J=8.3, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (q, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.82 (m, 3H), 1.14 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97, −114.40; ESIMS m/z 587 ([M+H]+), 585 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC81)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea isolated as an off-white solid (0.019 g, 6%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.89 (s, 1H), 10.12 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.62 (ddd, J=7.8, 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.02 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.91 (dt, J=14.1, 6.9 Hz, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.13 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 583([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Preparation of 1-[(5-methyl-2-propyl-phenyl)carbamothioyl]-3-[2-[3-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethyl]urea (PC80)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 75 using 3-(3-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (CA44) and 1-(5-methyl-2-propylphenyl)thiourea (CA38) isolated as a white solid (0.107 g, 34%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.99 (s, 1H), 10.09 (s, 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.14-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.05-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.61 (dd, J=8.6, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.07-6.97 (m, 2H), 3.46 (q, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.54-1.42 (m, 2H), 0.84 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.96; ESIMS m/z 583 ([M+H]+), 581 ([M−H]−).

Example 76 Preparation of 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (CA45)

In a 500 mL round bottomed flask 3-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid (CA13) (5.68 g, 15.1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (151 mL). The reaction was cooled in an ice water bath and placed under inert atmosphere. Aluminum(III) lithium hydride (2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran, 15.8 mL, 31.6 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to gradually warm to room temperature and stir overnight. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and water (1.2 mL) was added dropwise to quench excess aluminum(III) lithium hydride, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 1 hour. Then sodium hydroxide (15 wt %, 1.2 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to stir for 1 hour. Then water (3.6 mL) was added. The resulting precipitate was removed via filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to give a yellow solid (5.20 g). The solid was purified by flash column chromatography using 0-60% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent providing the title compound as a white solid (4.01 g, 72%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.99-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (dt, J=7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (td, J=6.4, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.71 (dd, J=8.8, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.87-1.70 (m, 2H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ −56.97; ESIMS m/z 364 ([M+H]+).

Example 77 Preparation of 1-bromo-3-(but-3-en-1-yl)benzene (CA46)

To a solution of 1-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)benzene (10.0 g, 40.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), under an inert atmosphere was added allylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M in diethyl ether, 40.0 mL, 40.0 mmol). The reaction was allowed to reflux overnight. The reaction was quenched with sulfuric acid (2 M, 45 mL). The resulting biphasic solution was solution was partitioned. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography using 100% hexanes as eluent providing the title compound as a clear liquid (7.51 g, 71%, −80% pure): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.42 (ddd, J=2.1, 1.4, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dt, J=7.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.18 (m, 2H), 5.81 (ddt, J=16.9, 10.2, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.09-4.90 (m, 2H), 2.67 (dd, J=8.6, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (tdt, J=7.7, 6.5, 1.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 144.35, 137.61, 131.05, 130.28, 128.62, 127.44, 121.53, 115.37, 34.59, 33.91; EIMS m/z 210 ([M]+).

Example 78 Preparation of 4-(3-bromophenyl)butan-1-ol (CA47)

To a solution of 1-bromo-3-(but-3-en-1-yl)benzene (CA46) (7.51 g, 35.6 mmol) in hexanes (80 mL) was added (1S,5S)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (0.5 M in tetrahydrofuran, 74.7 mL, 37.4 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. To the resulting clear solution sodium hydroxide (6.0 M, 5.93 mL, 35.6 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was placed in an ice water bath and hydrogen peroxide (13.8 mL, 135 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was then heated to an internal temperature of 50° C. for overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The biphasic solution was partitioned, and the organic layer was washed with sodium bisulfite, and brine solution. The combined aqueous layers were made basic with saturated sodium carbonate, and extracted with diethyl ether (2×100 mL). The combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The liquid was loaded on to silica and purified by flash column chromatography using 0-40% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent providing the title compound as a clear liquid (7.50 g, 90%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.40 (t, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dt, J=7.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.39 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (td, J=6.5, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.65-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.35 (m, 2H); EIMS m/z 228 ([M]+).

Example 79 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-methylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P65)

To N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3) (0.23 g, 0.40 mmol) in butanone (4 mL) was added triethylamine (0.060 mL, 0.43 mmol) and chloroacetone (0.035 mL, 0.44 mmol) and heated at 80° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled, diluted with water, extracted dichloromethane (2×), and filtered through a phase separator. The organic layer was concentrated and loaded onto Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes as eluent, followed by drying in a vacuum oven provided the title compound as an orange solid (0.085 g, 34%).

Example 80 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazinan-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P59)

To N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3) (181 mg, 0.31 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.064 g, 0.47 mmol) in butanone (3.1 mL) was added 1-bromo-3-chloropropane (0.050 mL, 0.47 mmol). The reaction was heated at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with water, extracted with dichloromethane (2×), and filtered through a phase separator. The organic layer was concentrated and loaded onto a Celite® cartridge with dichloromethane. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-100% ethyl acetate/B, where B=1:1 dichloromethane/hexanes as eluent, followed by reverse-phase flash column chromatography using 0-100% acetonitrile/water as eluent and drying in a vacuum oven provided the title compound as a white solid (0.032 g, 16%).

The following compounds were prepared in accordance to the procedure in Example 80.

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-methylthiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P58)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 80 using N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3) and 1,2-dibromopropane at 80° C. and isolated as a yellow oil (0.050 g, 26%).

Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-thiazinan-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (P64)

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 80 using N-[5-methyl-2-isopropylphenyl]-N′-[2-(4-{1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}phenyl)ethyl]dicarbonimidothioic diamide (F3) and 1-bromo-3-chloro-2-methylpropane and isolated as a white solid (0.061 g, 14%).

Example 81 Preparation of ethyl 3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)pentanoate (CA48)

Sodium hydride (60% immersion in oil, 0.32 g, 7.9 mmol) was weighed into an oven-dried three neck round bottomed flask. The flask was placed under nitrogen and tetrahydrofuran (44 mL) was added. The stirring mixture was placed in an ice bath. Triethylphosphonoacetate (1.4 mL, 6.9 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. Added 1-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)propan-1-one (CA7) (2.4 g, 6.5 mmol) as a solid and warmed to room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1:1, 2×). The organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. To the crude residue was added palladium on carbon (10 wt %, 0.70 g, 0.66 mmol) and dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 mL). The reaction was stirred under hydrogen by balloon overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite® and concentrated to give the title compound as a brown liquid (2.7 g, 90%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J=8.1, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dq, J=7.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.14 (m, 1H), 4.04 (qd, J=7.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.13-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.55 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.24 (m, 3H), 1.06 (dt, J=72.0, 7.2 Hz, 3H); 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ −58.03; ESIMS m/z 434 ([M+H]+).

Example 82 Preparation of para-toluenesulfonic acid salt of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F5A)

To (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F5) (4.82 g, 7.46 mmol) in a 250 mL round bottomed flask was added isopropanol (50 mL). The suspension was warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 20 minutes. Acetone (50 mL) was added. 4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (1.42 g, 7.46 mmol) dissolved in acetone (20 mL) and added to the above solution in a dropwise manner. The resulting clear light brown solution was concentrated at 50° C. The resultant residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 50° C. overnight. The brown foam was transferred to a 500 mL round bottomed flask and dissolved in acetone (200 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 15 hours. The solution was concentrated providing the title compound as a dark gray foam (5.90 g, 95%).

Example 83 Preparation of 2-imino-3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (CA49)

Method A. To (1-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiourea (0.20 g, 0.96 mmol) in ethanol (8.0 mL) was added methyl bromoacetate (0.17 mL, 1.9 mmol) and sodium acetate (0.23 g, 2.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solution was poured onto water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×) and the organics were dried and concentrated to give the title compound as a red solid (0.24 mg, 93%): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (p, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (t, J=0.7 Hz, 4H), 1.15 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H); ESIMS m/z 248 ([M]+).

Method B, Step 1. 2-Isopropyl-5-methylaniline (286 g, 1.91 mol) and sodium bicarbonate (270 g, 3.22 mol) were charged in to a round bottomed flask with stirring under nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0-5° C. 2-Chloroacetyl chloride (218 g, 1.93 mol) was added drop wise at 0-5° C. over a period of 1 hour. The reaction was stirred at 0-5° C. for 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, purified water (2.86 L) was added and stirred at 25-30° C. for 15 minutes. The layers were then separated. The organic layer was washed with water (2×2.86 L) and with brine (1.43 L). The aqueous layers were combined and extracted with ethyl acetate (1.43 L). The organic layers were dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated at 50-55° C. under vacuum (500-600 mm Hg) to ⅖ths volume. Hexanes (2.86 L) were added and the mixture was stirred at 25-30° C. for 1 hour. The solid was filtered, washed with hexanes (1.43 L), and dried at 45-50° C. under vacuum (500-600 mm Hg) to give 2-chloro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)acetamide as an off-white solid (270 g, 66%): mp 97-99° C., 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.95 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=7.89 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 2.99 (q, J=6.78 Hz, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.26 (d, J=6.84 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 164.07, 137.28, 136.33, 132.95, 127.35, 125.62, 124.46, 43.21, 27.86, 22.98, 21.00; ESIMS m/z 226 ([M+H]+).

Step 2. 2-Chloro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)acetamide (290 g, 1.28 mol) and acetone (1.60 L) were charged in to a round bottomed flask with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. Potassium thiocyanate (250 g, 2.57 mol) was added in portions over a period of 30 minutes maintaining the temperature at 15-20° C. The reaction was stirred at 15-20° C. for 10 minutes after which time the temperature was slowly raised 53-55° C. and maintained at 53-55° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was then cooled to 20-25° C., cesium carbonate (20.9 g, 0.0641 mol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 20-25° C. for 30 minutes. After completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite®, washed with acetone (1.45 L), and the filtrate collected. The filtrate was concentrated at 40-45° C. under vacuum (500-600 mm Hg) providing a syrup. The syrup was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2.90 L), washed with water (2×2.90 L) and with brine (1.45 L). The organic layers were dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated at 50-55° C. under vacuum (500-600 mm Hg) to provide the title compound as a dark brown syrup (345 g, 99%).

Example 84 Preparation of (Z)-4-nitrophenyl (3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)carbamate (CA50)

To a solution of 2-imino-3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (CA49) (2.0 g, 8.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (14 mL) was added cesium carbonate (2.1 g, 6.4 mmol) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (1.6 g, 8.1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. The solution was concentrated to provide the title compound as a brown solid (4.0 g, 114%) used without further purification: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.28-8.18 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=1.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96-6.90 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.12 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 3H), 1.18-0.96 (m, 6H); ESIMS m/z 413 ([M]+).

Example 85 Preparation of (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea (F5)

Method A. To 2-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl)ethanamine (CA51) (0.030 g, 0.086 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.028 g, 0.086 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile under nitrogen was added (Z)-4-nitrophenyl (3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)carbamate (CA50) (0.039 g, 0.095 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred room temperature for 3 hours. The crude mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Purification by flash column chromatography using 10-60% ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent provided the title compound as an orange foam (0.036 g, 67%).

Method B. To a solution of 3-(4-(2-isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) (3.00 g, 8.01 mmol) in toluene (20.0 mL) was added cesium carbonate (0.261 g, 0.801 mmol). To this was added 2-imino-3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (CA49) (1.99 g, 8.01 mmol) in acetonitrile (20.0 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours after which time the reaction mixture was concentrated. Acetone (200 mL) was added and the solid was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated providing a red solid. The red solid was dissolved in acetone, hexanes was added until precipitate was formed. The solid was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. Purification by flash column chromatography using 0-20% acetone/dichloromethane as eluent provide the title compound as an off-white solid (3.10 g, 62%).

Method C. 3-(4-(2-Isocyanatoethyl)phenyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (C34a) (432 g, 1.15 mol) and acetonitrile (1.51 L) were charged in to a round bottomed flask with stirring under nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of 2-imino-3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one (CA49) (320 g, 1.29 mol) in acetonitrile (1.43 L) was added at 25-30° C. The reaction was stirred at 25-30° C. for 20 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed with acetonitrile (2.16 L), heptane (464 mL), and dried at 50-55° C. under vacuum (500-600 mm Hg) to give the title compound as an off-white solid (540 g, 75%).

Using the procedures disclosed herein the following list of prophetic molecules having a structure according to Formula One may be made (Table P-One).

TABLE P-One P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P32 P33 P34 P35 P36 P37 P38 P39 P40 P41 P42 P43 P44 P45 P46 P47 P48 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P59 P60 P61 P62 P63 P64 P65 P66 P67 P68 P69 P70 P71 P72 P73 P74 P75 P76 P77 P78 P79 P80 P81 P82 P83 P84 P85 P86 P87 P88 P89 P90 P91 P92 P93 P94 P95 P96 P97 P98 P99 P100 P101 P102 P103 P104 P105 P106 P107 P108 P109 P110 P111 P112 P113 P114 P115 P116 P117 P118 P119 P120 P121 P122 P123 P124 P125 P126 P127 P128 P129 P130 P131 P132 P133 P134 P135 P136 P137 P138 P139 P140 P141 P142 P143 P144 P145 P146 P147 P148 P149 P150 P151 P152 P153 P154 P155 P156 P157 P158 P159 P160 P161 P162 P163 P164 P165 P166 P167 P168 P169 P170 P171 P172 P173 P174 P175 P176 P177 P178 P179 P180 P181 P182 P183 P184 P185 P186 P187 P188 P189 190 P191 P192 P193 P194 P195

Additionally using the procedures disclosed herein the following list of prophetic molecules having a structure according to Formula One may be made (Table P-Two).

TABLE P-Two P196 P197 P198 P199 P200 P201 P202 P203 P204 P205 P206 P207 P208 P209 P210 P211 P212 P213 P214 P215 P216 P217 P218 P219 P220 P221 P222 P223 P224 P225 P226 P227 P228 P229 P230 P231 P232 P233 P234 P235 P236 P237 P238 P239 P240 P241 P242 P243 P244 P245 P246 P247 P248 P249 P250 P251 P252 P253 P254 P255 P256 P257 P258 P259 P260 P261 P262 P263 P264 P265 P266 P267 P268 P269 P270 P271 P272 P273 P274 P275 P276 P277 P278 P279 P280 P281 P282 P283 P284 P285 P286 P287 P288 P289 P290 P291 P292 P293 P294 P295 P296 P297 P298 P299 P300 P301 P302 P303 P304 P305 P306 P307 P308 P309 P310 P311 P312 P313 P314 P315 P316 P317 P318 P319 P320 P321 P322 P323 P324 P325 P326 P327 P328 P329 P330 P331 P332 P333 P334 P335 P336 P337 P338 P339 P340 P341 P342 P343 P344 P345 P346 P347 P348 P349 P350 P351 P352 P353 P354 P355 P356 P357 P358 P359 P360 P361 P362 P363 P364 P365 P366 P367 P368 P369 P370 P371 P372 P373 P374 P375 P376 P377 P378 P379 P380 P381 P382 P383 P384 P385 P386 P387 P388 P389 P390 P391 P392 P393 P394 P395 P396 P397 P398 P399 P400 P401 P402 P403 P404 P405 P406 P407 P408 P409 P410 P411 P412 P413 P414 P415 P416 P417 P418 P419 P420 P421 P422 P423 P424 P425 P426 P427 P428 P429 P430 P431 P432 P433 P434 P435 P436 P437 P438 P439 P440 P441 P442 P443 P444 P445 P446 P447 P448 P449 P450 P451 P452 P453 P454 P455 P456 P457 P458 P459 P460 P461 P462 P463 P464 P465 P466 P467 P468 P469 P470 P471 P472 P473 P474 P475 P476 P477 P478 P479 P480 P481 P482 P483 P484 P485 P486 P487 P488 P489 P490 P491 P492 P493 P494 P495 P496 P497 P498 P499 P500 P501 P502 P503 P504 P505 P506 P507 P508 P509 P510 P511 P512 P513 P514 P515 P516 P517 P518 P519 P520 P521 P522 P523 P524 P525 P526 P527 P528 P529 P530 P531 P532 P533 P534 P535 P536 P537 P538 P539 P540 P541 P542 P543 P544 P545 P546 P547 P548 P549 P550 P551 P552 P553 P554 P555 P556 P557 P558 P559 P560 P561 P562 P563 P564 P565 P566 P567 P568 P569 P570 P571 P572 P573 P574 P575 P576 P577 P578 P579 P580 P581 P582 P583 P584 P585 P586 P587 P588 P589 P590 P591 P592 P593 P594 P595 P596 P597 P598 P599 P600 P601 P602 P603 P604 P605 P606 P607 P608 P609 P610 P611 P612 P613 P614 P615 P616 P617 P618 P619 P620 P621 P622 P623 P624 P625 P626 P627 P628 P629 P630 P631 P632 P633 P634 P635 P636 P637 P638 P639 P640 P641 P642 P643 P644 P645 P646 P647 P648 P649 P650 P651 P652 P653 P654 P655 P656 P657 P658 P659 P660 P661 P662 P663 P664 P665 P666 P667 P668 P669 P670 P671 P672 P673 P674 P675 P676 P677 P678 P679 P680 P681 P682 P683 P684 P685 P686 P687 P688 P689 P690 P691 P692 P693 P694 P695 P696 P697 P698 P699 P700 P701 P702 P703 P704 P705 P706 P707 P708 P709 P710 P711 P712 P713 P714 P715 P716 P717 P718 P719 P720 P721 P722 P723 P724 P725 P726 P727 P728 P729 P730 P731 P732 P733 P734 P735 P736 P737 P738 P739 P740 P741 P742 P743 P744 P745 P746 P747 P748 P749 P750 P751 P752 P753 P754 P755 P756 P757 P758 P759 P760 P761 P762 P763 P764 P765 P766 P767 P768 P769 P770 P771 P772 P773 P774 P775 P776 P777 P778 P779 P780 P781 P782 P783 P784 P785 P786 P787 P788 P789 P790 P791 P792 P793 P794 P795 P796 P797 P798 P799 P800 P801 P802 P803 P804 P805 P806 P807 P808 P809 P810 P811 P812 P813 P814 P815 P816 P817 P818 P819 P820 P821 P822 P823 P824 P825 P826 P827 P828 P829 P830 P831 P832 P833 P834 P835 P836 P837 P838 P839 P840 P841 P842 P843 P844 P845 P846 P847 P848 P849 P850 P851 P852 P853 P854 P855 P856 P857 P858 P859 P860 P861 P862 P863 P864 P865 P866 P867 P868 P869 P870 P871 P872 P873 P874 P875 P876 P877 P878 P879 P880 P881 P882 P883 P884 P885 P886 P887 P888 P889 P890 P891 P892 P893 P894 P895 P896 P897 P898 P899 P900 P901 P902 P903 P904 P905 P906 P907 P908 P909 P910 P911 P912 P913 P914 P915 P916 P917 P918 P919 P920 P921 P922 P923 P924 P925 P926 P927 P928 P929 P930 P931 P932 P933 P934 P935 P936 P937 P938 P939 P940 P941 P942 P943 P944 P945 P946 P947 P948 P949 P950 P951 P952 P953 P954 P955 P956 P957 P958 P959 P960 P961 P962 P963 P964 P965 P966 P967 P968 P969 P970 P971 P972 P973 P974 P975 P976 P977 P978 P979 P980 P981 P982 P983 P984 P985 P986 P987 P988 P989 P990 P991 P992 P993 P994 P995 P996 P997 P998 P999 P1000 P1001 P1002 P1003 P1004 P1005 P1006 P1007 P1008 P1009 P1010 P1011 P1012 P1013 P1014 P1015 P1016 P1017 P1018 P1019 P1020 P1021 P1022 P1023 P1024 P1025 P1026 P1027 P1028 P1029 P1030 P1031 P1032 P1033 P1034 P1035 P1036 P1037 P1038 P1039 P1040 P1041 P1042 P1043 P1044 P1045 P1046 P1047 P1048 P1049 P1050 P1051 P1052 P1053 P1054 P1055 P1056 P1057 P1058 P1059 P1060 P1061 P1062 P1063 P1064 P1065 P1066 P1067 P1068 P1069 P1070 P1071 P1072 P1073 P1074 P1075 P1076 P1077 P1078 P1079 P1080 P1081 P1082 P1083 P1084 P1085 P1086 P1087 P1088 P1089 P1090 P1091 P1092 P1093 P1094 P1095 P1096 P1097 P1098 P1099 P1100 P1101 P1102 P1103 P1104 P1105 P1106 P1107 P1108 P1109 P1110 P1111 P1112 P1113 P1114 P1115 P1116 P1117 P1118 P1119 P1120 P1121 P1122 P1123 P1124 P1125 P1126 P1127 P1128 P1129 P1130 P1131 P1132 P1133 P1134 P1135 P1136 P1137 P1138 P1139 P1140 P1141 P1142 P1143 P1144 P1145 P1146 P1147 P1148 P1149 P1150 P1151 P1152 P1153 P1154 P1155 P1156 P1157 P1158 P1159 P1160 P1161 P1162 P1163 P1164 P1165 P1166 P1167 P1168 P1169 P1170 P1171 P1172 P1173 P1174 P1175 P1176 P1177 P1178 P1179 P1180 P1181 P1182 P1183 P1184 P1185 P1186 P1187 P1188 P1189 P1190 P1191 P1192 P1193 P1194 P1195 P1196 P1197 P1198 P1199 P1200 P1201 P1202 P1203 P1204 P1205 P1206 P1207 P1208 P1209 P1210 P1211 P1212 P1213 P1214 P1215 P1216 P1217 P1218 P1219 P1220 P1221 P1222 P1223 P1224 P1225 P1226 P1227 P1228 P1229 P1230 P1231 P1232 P1233 P1234 P1235 P1236 P1237 P1238 P1239 P1240 P1241 P1242 P1243 P1244 P1245 P1246 P1247 P1248 P1249 P1250 P1251 P1252 P1253 P1254 P1255 P1256 P1257 P1258 P1259 P1260 P1261 P1262 P1263 P1264 P1265 P1266 P1267 P1268 P1269 P1270 P1271 P1272 P1273 P1274 P1275 P1276 P1277 P1278 P1279 P1280 P1281 P1282 P1283 P1284 P1285 P1286 P1287 P1288 P1289 P1290 P1291 P1292 P1293 P1294 P1295 P1296 P1297 P1298 P1299 P1300 P1301 P1302 P1303 P1304 P1305 P1306 P1307 P1308 P1309 P1310 P1311 P1312 P1313 P1314 P1315 P1316 P1317 P1318 P1319 P1320 P1321 P1322 P1323 P1324 P1325 P1326 P1327 P1328 P1329 P1330 P1331 P1332 P1333 P1334 P1335 P1336 P1337 P1338 P1339 P1340 P1341 P1342 P1343 P1344 P1345 P1346 P1347 P1348 P1349 P1350 P1351 P1352 P1353 P1354 P1355 P1356 P1357 P1358 P1359 P1360 P1361 P1362 P1363 P1364 P1365 P1366 P1367 P1368 P1369 P1370 P1371 P1372 P1373 P1374 P1375 P1376 P1377 P1378 P1379 P1380 P1381 P1382 P1383 P1384 P1385 P1386 P1387 P1388 P1389 P1390 P1391 P1392 P1393 P1394 P1395 P1396 P1397 P1398 P1399 P1400 P1401 P1402 P1403 P1404 P1405 P1406 P1407 P1408 P1409 P1410 P1411 P1412 P1413 P1414 P1415 P1416 P1417 P1418 P1419 P1420 P1421 P1422 P1423 P1424 P1425 P1426 P1427 P1428 P1429 P1430 P1431 P1432 P1433 P1434 P1435 P1436 P1437 P1438 P1439 P1440 P1441 P1442 P1443 P1444 P1445 P1446 P1447 P1448 P1449 P1450 P1451 P1452 P1453 P1454 P1455 P1456 P1457 P1458 P1459 P1460 P1461 P1462 P1463 P1464 P1465 P1466 P1467 P1468 P1469 P1470 P1471 P1472 P1473 P1474 P1475 P1476 P1477 P1478 P1479 P1480 P1481 P1482 P1483 P1484 P1485 P1486 P1487 P1488 P1489 P1490 P1491 P1492 P1493 P1494 P1495 P1496 P1497 P1498 P1499 P1500 P1501 P1502 P1503 P1504 P1505 P1506 P1507 P1508 P1509 P1510 P1511 P1512 P1513 P1514 P1515 P1516 P1517 P1518 P1519 P1520 P1521 P1522 P1523 P1524 P1525 P1526 P1527 P1528 P1529 P1530 P1531 P1532 P1533 P1534 P1535 P1536 P1537 P1538 P1539 P1540 P1541 P1542 P1543 P1544 P1545 P1546 P1547 P1548 P1549 P1550 P1551 P1552 P1553 P1554 P1555 P1556 P1557 P1558 P1559 P1560 P1561 P1562 P1563 P1564 P1565 P1566 P1567 P1568 P1569 P1570 P1571 P1572 P1573 P1574 P1575 P1576 P1577 P1578 P1579 P1580 P1581 P1582 P1583 P1584 P1585 P1586 P1587 P1588 P1589 P1590 P1591 P1592 P1593 P1594 P1595 P1596 P1597 P1598 P1599 P1600 P1601 P1602 P1603 P1604 P1605 P1606 P1607 P1608 P1609 P1610 P1611 P1612 P1613 P1614 P1615 P1616 P1617 P1618 P1619 P1620 P1621 P1622 P1623 P1624 P1625 P1626 P1627 P1628 P1629 P1630 P1631 P1632 P1633 P1634 P1635 P1636 P1637 P1638 P1639 P1640 P1641 P1642 P1643 P1644 P1645 P1646 P1647 P1648 P1649 P1650 P1651 P1652 P1653 P1654 P1655 P1656 P1657 P1658 P1659 P1660 P1661 P1662 P1663 P1664 P1665 P1666 P1667 P1668 P1669 P1670 P1671 P1672 P1673 P1674 P1675 P1676 P1677 P1678 P1679 P1680 P1681 P1682 P1683 P1684 P1685 P1686 P1687 P1688 P1689 P1690 P1691 P1692 P1693 P1694 P1695 P1696 P1697 P1698 P1699 P1700 P1701 P1702 P1703 P1704 P1705 P1706 P1707 P1708 P1709 P1710 P1711 P1712 P1713 P1714 P1715 P1716 P1717 P1718 P1719 P1720 P1721 P1722 P1723 P1724 P1725 P1726 P1727 P1728 P1729 P1730 P1731 P1732 P1733 P1734 P1735 P1736 P1737 P1738 P1739 P1740 P1741 P1742 P1743 P1744 P1745 P1746 P1747 P1748 P1749 P1750 P1751 P1752 P1753 P1754 P1755 P1756 P1757 P1758 P1759 P1760 P1761 P1762 P1763 P1764 P1765 P1766 P1767 P1768 P1769 P1770 P1771 P1772 P1773 P1774 P1775 P1776 P1777 P1778 P1779 P1780 P1781 P1782 P1783 P1784 P1785 P1786 P1787

Example A Bioassays on Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) (“BAW”) and Cabbage Looper (Trichoplusia ni) (“CL”)

BAW has few effective parasites, diseases, or predators to lower its population. BAW infests many weeds, trees, grasses, legumes, and field crops. In various places, it is of economic concern upon asparagus, cotton, corn, soybeans, tobacco, alfalfa, sugar beets, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, peas, sunflowers, and citrus, among other plants. The Cabbage Looper is a member of the moth family Noctuidae. It is found throughout the world. It is attacks cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, kale, turnips, mustard, peppers, eggplant, watermelons, melons, squash, cantaloupe, peas, beans, collards, lettuce, spinach, celery, parsley, beets, peas, alfalfa, soybeans, and cotton. This species is very destructive to plants due to its voracious consumption of leaves. In the case of cabbage, however, they feed not only on the wrapper leaves, but also may bore into the developing head. The larvae consume three times their weight in plant material daily. The feeding sites are marked by large accumulations of sticky, wet fecal material.

Consequently, because of the above factors control of these pests is important. Furthermore, molecules that control these pests (BAW and CL), which are known as chewing pests, are useful in controlling other pests that chew on plants.

Certain molecules disclosed in this document were tested against BAW and CEW using procedures described in the following examples. In the reporting of the results, the “BAW & CL Rating Table” was used (See Table Section).

Bioassays on BAW

Bioassays on BAW were conducted using a 128-well diet tray assay. one to five second instar BAW larvae were placed in each well (3 mL) of the diet tray that had been previously filled with 1 mL of artificial diet to which 50 μg/cm2 of the test compound (dissolved in 50 μL of 90:10 acetone-water mixture) had been applied (to each of eight wells) and then allowed to dry. Trays were covered with a clear self-adhesive cover and held at 25° C., 14:10 light-dark for five to seven days. Percent mortality was recorded for the larvae in each well; activity in the eight wells was then averaged. The results are indicated in the table entitled “Table ABC: Biological Results” (See Table Section).

Bioassays on Cabbage Looper in CL

Bioassays on CL were conducted using a 128-well diet tray assay. one to five second instar CL larvae were placed in each well (3 mL) of the diet tray that had been previously filled with 1 mL of artificial diet to which 50 μg/cm2 of the test compound (dissolved in 50 μL of 90:10 acetone-water mixture) had been applied (to each of eight wells) and then allowed to dry. Trays were covered with a clear self-adhesive cover and held at 25° C., 14:10 light-dark for five to seven days. Percent mortality was recorded for the larvae in each well; activity in the eight wells was then averaged. The results are indicated in the table entitled “Table ABC: Biological Results” (See Table Section).

Example B Bioassays on Green Peach Aphid (“GPA”) (Myzus persicae)

GPA is the most significant aphid pest of peach trees, causing decreased growth, shriveling of the leaves, and the death of various tissues. It is also hazardous because it acts as a vector for the transport of plant viruses, such as potato virus Y and potato leafroll virus to members of the nightshade/potato family Solanaceae, and various mosaic viruses to many other food crops. GPA attacks such plants as broccoli, burdock, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, daikon, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, macadamia, papaya, peppers, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, watercress, and zucchini, among other plants. GPA also attacks many ornamental crops such as carnation, chrysanthemum, flowering white cabbage, poinsettia, and roses. GPA has developed resistance to many pesticides. Consequently, because of the above factors control of this pest is important. Furthermore, molecules that control this pest (GPA), which is known as a sucking pest, are useful in controlling other pests that suck on plants.

Certain molecules disclosed in this document were tested against GPA using procedures described in the following example. In the reporting of the results, the “GPA Rating Table” was used (See Table Section).

Cabbage seedlings grown in 3-inch pots, with 2-3 small (3-5 cm) true leaves, were used as test substrate. The seedlings were infested with 20-50 GPA (wingless adult and nymph stages) one day prior to chemical application. Four pots with individual seedlings were used for each treatment. Test compounds (2 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL of acetone/methanol (1:1) solvent, forming stock solutions of 1000 ppm test compound. The stock solutions were diluted 5× with 0.025% Tween 20 in water to obtain the solution at 200 ppm test compound. A hand-held aspirator-type sprayer was used for spraying a solution to both sides of cabbage leaves until runoff. Reference plants (solvent check) were sprayed with the diluent only containing 20% by volume of acetone/methanol (1:1) solvent. Treated plants were held in a holding room for three days at approximately 25° C. and ambient relative humidity (RH) prior to grading. Evaluation was conducted by counting the number of live aphids per plant under a microscope. Percent Control was measured by using Abbott's correction formula (W. S. Abbott, “A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide” J. Econ. Entomol. 18 (1925), pp. 265-267) as follows.


Corrected % Control=100*(X−Y)/X

    • where
    • X=No. of live aphids on solvent check plants and
    • Y=No. of live aphids on treated plants

The results are indicated in the table entitled “Table ABC: Biological Results” (See Table Section).

Example C Bioassays on Yellow Fever Mosquito “YFM” (Aedes aegypti)

YFM prefers to feed on humans during the daytime and is most frequently found in or near human habitations. YFM is a vector for transmitting several diseases. It is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever and yellow fever viruses. Yellow fever is the second most dangerous mosquito-borne disease after malaria. Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease and up to 50% of severely affected persons without treatment will die from yellow fever. There are an estimated 200,000 cases of yellow fever, causing 30,000 deaths, worldwide each year. Dengue fever is a nasty, viral disease; it is sometimes called “breakbone fever” or “break-heart fever” because of the intense pain it can produce. Dengue fever kills about 20,000 people annually. Consequently, because of the above factors control of this pest is important. Furthermore, molecules that control this pest (YFM), which is known as a sucking pest, are useful in controlling other pests that cause human and animal suffering.

Certain molecules disclosed in this document were tested against YFM using procedures described in the following paragraph. In the reporting of the results, the “YFM Rating Table” was used (See Table Section).

Master plates containing 400 μg of a molecule dissolved in 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (equivalent to a 4000 ppm solution) are used. A master plate of assembled molecules contains 15 μL per well. To this plate, 135 μL of a 90:10 water:acetone mixture is added to each well. A robot (Biomek® NXP Laboratory Automation Workstation) is programmed to dispense 15 μL aspirations from the master plate into an empty 96-well shallow plate (“daughter” plate). There are 6 reps (“daughter” plates) created per master. The created daughter plates are then immediately infested with YFM larvae.

The day before plates are to be treated, mosquito eggs are placed in Millipore water containing liver powder to begin hatching (4 g. into 400 mL). After the daughter plates are created using the robot, they are infested with 220 μL of the liver powder/larval mosquito mixture (about 1 day-old larvae). After plates are infested with mosquito larvae, a non-evaporative lid is used to cover the plate to reduce drying. Plates are held at room temperature for 3 days prior to grading. After 3 days, each well is observed and scored based on mortality.

The results are indicated in the table entitled “Table ABC: Biological Results” (See Table Section).

Agriculturally Acceptable Acid Addition Salts, Salt Derivatives, Solvates, Ester Derivatives, Polymorphs, Isotopes, and Radionuclides

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into agriculturally acceptable acid addition salts. By way of a non-limiting example, an amine function can form salts with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic, benzoic, citric, malonic, salicylic, malic, fumaric, oxalic, succinic, tartaric, lactic, gluconic, ascorbic, maleic, aspartic, benzenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, hydroxyl-methanesulfonic, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acids. Additionally, by way of a non-limiting example, an acid function can form salts including those derived from alkali or alkaline earth metals and those derived from ammonia and amines. Examples of preferred cations include sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into salt derivatives. By way of a non-limiting example, a salt derivative can be prepared by contacting a free base with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce a salt. A free base may be regenerated by treating the salt with a suitable dilute aqueous base solution such as dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, ammonia, and sodium bicarbonate. As an example, in many cases, a pesticide, such as 2,4-D, is made more water-soluble by converting it to its dimethylamine salt.

Molecules of Formula One may be formulated into stable complexes with a solvent, such that the complex remains intact after the non-complexed solvent is removed. These complexes are often referred to as “solvates.” However, it is particularly desirable to form stable hydrates with water as the solvent.

Molecules of Formula One may be made into ester derivatives. These ester derivatives can then be applied in the same manner as the molecules disclosed in this document is applied.

Molecules of Formula One may be made as various crystal polymorphs. Polymorphism is important in the development of agrochemicals since different crystal polymorphs or structures of the same molecule can have vastly different physical properties and biological performances.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different isotopes. Of particular importance are molecules having 2H (also known as deuterium) in place of 1H.

Molecules of Formula One may be made with different radionuclides. Of particular importance are molecules having 14C.

Stereoisomers

Molecules of Formula One may exist as one or more stereoisomers. Thus, certain molecules can be produced as racemic mixtures. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one stereoisomer may be more active than the other stereoisomers. Individual stereoisomers may be obtained by known selective synthetic procedures, by conventional synthetic procedures using resolved starting materials, or by conventional resolution procedures. Certain molecules disclosed in this document can exist as two or more isomers. The various isomers include geometric isomers, diastereomers, and enantiomers. Thus, the molecules disclosed in this document include geometric isomers, racemic mixtures, individual stereoisomers, and optically active mixtures. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one isomer may be more active than the others. The structures disclosed in the present disclosure are drawn in only one geometric form for clarity, but are intended to represent all geometric forms of the molecule.

Combinations

In another embodiment, molecules of Formula One may be used in combination (such as, in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more compounds each having a mode of action that is the same as, similar to, or different from, the mode of action (“MoA”) of the molecules of Formula One. Modes of action include, for example the following: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists; Sodium channel modulators; Nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) agonists; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators; Chloride channel activators; Juvenile hormone mimics; Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors; Selective homopteran feeding blockers; Mite growth inhibitors; Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes; Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase; Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers; Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0; Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1; Moulting disruptor, Dipteran; Ecdysone receptor agonists; Octopamine receptor agonists; Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors; Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors; Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase; Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors; Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors; and Ryanodine receptor modulators.

In another embodiment, molecules of Formula One may be used in combination (such as, in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more compounds having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal, and/or virucidal properties.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used in combination (such as, in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more compounds that are antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterilants, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disrupters, plant activators, plant growth regulators, and/or synergists.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used in combination (such as, in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more of the following compounds—(3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthol, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium, 2,3,6-TBA-sodium, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-T-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-T-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,5-T-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-T-butomethyl, 2,4,5-T-butotyl, 2,4,5-T-butyl, 2,4,5-T-isobutyl, 2,4,5-T-isoctyl, 2,4,5-T-isopropyl, 2,4,5-T-methyl, 2,4,5-T-pentyl, 2,4,5-T-sodium, 2,4,5-T-triethylammonium, 2,4,5-T-trolamine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isoctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-potassium, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D-tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium, 2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2iP, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPA-diolamine, 4-CPA-potassium, 4-CPA-sodium, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, abamectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetophos, acetoprole, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-5-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acypetacs, acypetacs-copper, acypetacs-zinc, afidopyropen, alachlor, alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, allicin, allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-endosulfan, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron, aminocarb, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-potassium, aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprofos-methyl, amiprophos, amisulbrom, amiton, amiton oxalate, amitraz, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium α-naphthaleneacetate, amobam, ampropylfos, anabasine, anabasine sulfate, ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, anthraquinone, antu, apholate, aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam, asulam-potassium, asulam-sodium, athidathion, atraton, atrazine, aureofungin, aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, azaconazole, azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin, azothoate, azoxystrobin, bachmedesh, barban, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benazolin, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolin-ethyl, benazolin-potassium, bencarbazone, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benfluralin, benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benoxacor, benoxafos, benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benthiazole, bentranil, benzadox, benzadox-ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron, benzyl benzoate, benzyladenine, berberine, berberine chloride, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate, bifenox, bifenthrin, bifujunzhi, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, binapacryl, bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bistrifluoron, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, brevicomin, brodifacoum, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromacil, bromacil-lithium, bromacil-sodium, bromadiolone, bromethalin, bromethrin, bromfenvinfos, bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromofenoxim, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil, bromoxynil, bromoxynil butyrate, bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxynil octanoate, bromoxynil-potassium, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol, bucarpolate, bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundy mixture, busulfan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butathiofos, butenachlor, butethrin, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron, butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, calcium polysulfide, calvinphos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam, carbendazim, carbendazim benzenesulfonate, carbendazim sulfite, carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, carboxin, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CDEA, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure, Cheshunt mixture, chinomethionat, chitosan, chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen, chloralose, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium, chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium, chloramben-sodium, chloramine phosphorus, chloramphenicol, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorantraniliprole, chlorazifop, chlorazifop-propargyl, chlorazine, chlorbenside, chlorbenzuron, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, chlorempenthrin, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormequat chloride, chlornidine, chlornitrofen, chlorobenzilate, chlorodinitronaphthalenes, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophacinone-sodium, chloropicrin, chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorphonium, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos, chlozolinate, choline chloride, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide, cisanilide, cismethrin, clacyfos, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet, clofencet-potassium, clofentezine, clofibric acid, clofop, clofop-isobutyl, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, clopyralid-methyl, clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, CMA, codlelure, colophonate, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumatetralyl, coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol, crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure, cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, cyanamide, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyantraniliprole, cyazofamid, cybutryne, cyclafuramid, cyclanilide, cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate, cycloprothrin, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cymiazole, cymiazole hydrochloride, cymoxanil, cyometrinil, cypendazole, cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyperquat chloride, cyphenothrin, cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid, cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, daminozide, dayoutong, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, DBCP, d-camphor, DCIP, DCPTA, DDT, debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, delachlor, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, desmedipham, desmetryn, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialifos, di-allate, diamidafos, diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, dicamba, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-trolamine, dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dichlormate, dichlormid, dichlorophen, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-P-potassium, dichlorprop-P-sodium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorvos, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclomezine, diclomezine-sodium, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicoumarol, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat, diethamquat dichloride, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, diethofencarb, dietholate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, diethyltoluamide, difenacoum, difenoconazole, difenopenten, difenopenten-ethyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difethialone, diflovidazin, diflubenzuron, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, diflumetorim, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dilor, dimatif, dimefluthrin, dimefox, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimetachlone, dimetan, dimethacarb, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dingjunezuo, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoseb-ammonium, dinoseb-diolamine, dinoseb-sodium, dinoseb-trolamine, dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate, dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, diphacinone, diphacinone-sodium, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone, diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn, dipyrithione, diquat, diquat dibromide, disparlure, disul, disulfuram, disulfoton, disul-sodium, ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether, dithiopyr, diuron, d-limonene, DMPA, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodemorph benzoate, dodicin, dodicin hydrochloride, dodicin-sodium, dodine, dofenapyn, dominicalure, doramectin, drazoxolon, DSMA, dufulin, EBEP, EBP, ecdysterone, edifenphos, eglinazine, eglinazine-ethyl, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothal-diammonium, endothal-dipotassium, endothal-disodium, endothion, endrin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan, esdépalléthrine, esfenvalerate, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole, etaphos, etem, ethaboxam, ethachlor, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethaprochlor, ethephon, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole, ethirimol, ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethyl formate, ethyl α-naphthaleneacetate, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylicin, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen, etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos, eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenchlorphos, fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenitrothion, fenjuntong, fenobucarb, fenoprop, fenoprop-3-butoxypropyl, fenoprop-butomethyl, fenoprop-butotyl, fenoprop-butyl, fenoprop-isoctyl, fenoprop-methyl, fenoprop-potassium, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenridazon-potassium, fenridazon-propyl, fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthiaprop-ethyl, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron TCA, fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid, florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazinam, fluazolate, fluazuron, flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim, flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flufiprole, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid, fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole, fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate, flupropanate-sodium, flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluquinconazole, flurazole, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, fluridone, fluorochloridone, fluoroxypyr, fluoroxypyr-butomethyl, fluoroxypyr-meptyl, flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluvalinate, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate, formparanate hydrochloride, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan, frontalin, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi, funaihecaoling, fuphenthiourea, furalane, furalaxyl, furamethrin, furametpyr, furathiocarb, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit, gibberellic acid, gibberellins, gliftor, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyodin, glyoxime, glyphosate, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-dimethylammonium, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-monoammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sesquisodium, glyphosate-trimesium, glyphosine, gossyplure, grandlure, griseofulvin, guazatine, guazatine acetates, halacrinate, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxydine, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-sodium, HCH, hemel, hempa, HEOD, heptachlor, heptafluthrin, heptenophos, heptopargil, herbimycin, heterophos, hexachloroacetone, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexaflumuron, hexaflurate, hexylure, hexamide, hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, huancaiwo, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo, hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen, hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanide, hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, icaridin, imazalil, imazalil nitrate, imazalil sulfate, imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazaquin-methyl, imazaquin-sodium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine trialbesilate, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-lithium, ioxynil-sodium, ipazine, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol, ipsenol, IPSP, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbophos, isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isofetamid, isolan, isomethiozin, isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin, isoprothiolane, isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron, isovaledione, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, ivermectin, izopamfos, japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jasmonic acid, jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi, jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kadethrin, karbutilate, karetazan, karetazan-potassium, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride, kejunlin, kelevan, ketospiradox, ketospiradox-potassium, kinetin, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, kuicaoxi, lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil, lepimectin, leptophos, lindane, lineatin, linuron, lirimfos, litlure, looplure, lufenuron, lvdingjunzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, MAA, malathion, maleic hydrazide, malonoben, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, matrine, mazidox, MCPA, MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPA-trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-P-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, medimeform, medinoterb, medinoterb acetate, medlure, mefenacet, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-diethyl, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine, mefluidide-potassium, megatomoic acid, menazon, mepanipyrim, meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, merphos, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metam, metam-ammonium, metamifop, metamitron, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metazoxolon, metconazole, metepa, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methalpropalin, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, methazole, methfuroxam, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos, methometon, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl, methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxyphenone, methyl apholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylacetophos, methylchloroform, methyldymron, methylene chloride, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide, methylneodecanamide, metiram, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb, metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone, metribuzin, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos, mexacarbate, mieshuan, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb, mipafox, mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, monuron, monuron TCA, morfamquat, morfamquat dichloride, moroxydine, moroxydine hydrochloride, morphothion, morzid, moxidectin, MSMA, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, nabam, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, naphthaleneacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthoxyacetic acids, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, natamycin, neburon, niclosamide, niclosamide-olamine, nicosulfuron, nicotine, nifluridide, nipyraclofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron, nuarimol, OCH, octachlorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, ofurace, omethoate, orbencarb, orfralure, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryctalure, orysastrobin, oryzalin, osthol, ostramone, oxabetrinil, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamate, oxamyl, oxapyrazon, oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxathiapiprolin, oxaziclomefone, oxine-copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen, oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, paclobutrazol, paichongding, para-dichlorobenzene, parafluoron, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimetilsulfate, parathion, parathion-methyl, parinol, pebulate, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid, penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penfluoron, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin, pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, phenamacril, phenazine oxide, phenisopham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenothrin, phenproxide, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivative of pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl, phosglycin, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb, phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, picloram, picloram-2-ethylhexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram-methyl, picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium, picloram-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, picolinafen, picoxystrobin, pindone, pindone-sodium, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperonyl butoxide, piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanyl, piproctanyl bromide, piprotal, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, plifenate, polycarbamate, polyoxins, polyoxorim, polyoxorim-zinc, polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, potassium gibberellate, potassium naphthenate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, potassium α-naphthaleneacetate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese, proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol, profluralin, profluthrin, profoxydim, proglinazine, proglinazine-ethyl, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmon, promacyl, promecarb, prometon, prometryn, promurit, propachlor, propamidine, propamidine dihydrochloride, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propanil, propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, proparthrin, propazine, propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyl isome, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid, prosuler, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiocarb hydrochloride, prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, proxan, proxan-sodium, prynachlor, pydanon, pyflubumide, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid, pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazothion, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyriftalid, pyrimethanil, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyriminostrobin, pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate, pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole, pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrisoxazole, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyrolan, pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quassia, quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl, quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, rafoxanide, rebemide, rescalure, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin, rimsulfuron, rotenone, ryania, saflufenacil, saijunmao, saisentong, salicylanilide, sanguinarine, santonin, schradan, scilliroside, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz, semiamitraz chloride, sesamex, sesamolin, sethoxydim, shuangjiaancaolin, siduron, siglure, silafluofen, silatrane, silica gel, silthiofam, simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, sintofen, SMA, S-metolachlor, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodium fluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium α-naphthaleneacetate, sophamide, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiroxamine, streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, strychnine, sulcatol, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfuram, sulfluramid, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep, tau-fluvalinate, tavron, tazimcarb, TCA, TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium, TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim, terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetrafluoron, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetrasul, thallium sulfate, thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid, thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluoron, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodiazole-copper, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon, thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiosultap-diammonium, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thiotepa, thiram, thuringiensin, tiadinil, tiaojiean, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid, tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolylfluanid, tolylmercury acetate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, tralopyril, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tretamine, triacontanol, triadimefon, triadimenol, triafamone, tri-allate, triamiphos, triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, triazamate, triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyricarb, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tricyclazole, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenmorph, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trifop, trifop-methyl, trifopsime, triforine, trihydroxytriazine, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac, triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, valifenalate, valone, vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, warfarin, warfarin-potassium, warfarin-sodium, xiaochongliulin, xinjunan, xiwojunan, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, yishijing, zarilamid, zeatin, zengxiaoan, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zinc phosphide, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoxamide, zuomihuanglong, α-chlorohydrin, α-ecdysone, α-multistriatin, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid. For more information consult the “COMPENDIUM OF PESTICIDE COMMON NAMES” located at http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html. Also consult “THE PESTICIDE MANUAL” 15th Edition, edited by C D S Tomlin, copyright 2009 by British Crop Production Council, or its prior, or more recent editions.

In another embodiment, molecules of Formula One may also be used in combination (such as in a compositional mixture, or a simultaneous or sequential application) with one or more biopesticides. The term “biopesticide” is used for microbial biological pest control agents that are applied in a similar manner to chemical pesticides. Commonly these are bacterial, but there are also examples of fungal control agents, including Trichoderma spp. and Ampelomyces quisqualis (a control agent for grape powdery mildew). Bacillus subtilis are used to control plant pathogens. Weeds and rodents have also been controlled with microbial agents. One well-known insecticide example is Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterial disease of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. Because it has little effect on other organisms, it is considered more environmentally friendly than synthetic pesticides. Biological insecticides include products based on: entomopathogenic fungi (e.g. Metarhizium anisopliae); entomopathogenic nematodes (e.g. Steinernema feltiae); and entomopathogenic viruses (e.g. Cydia pomonella granulovirus).

Other examples of entomopathogenic organisms include, but are not limited to, baculoviruses, bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms, fungi, protozoa and Microsproridia. Biologically derived insecticides include, but not limited to, rotenone, veratridine, as well as microbial toxins; insect tolerant or resistant plant varieties; and organisms modified by recombinant DNA technology to either produce insecticides or to convey an insect resistant property to the genetically modified organism. In one embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used with one or more biopesticides in the area of seed treatments and soil amendments. The Manual of Biocontrol Agents gives a review of the available biological insecticide (and other biology-based control) products. Copping L. G. (ed.) (2004). The Manual of Biocontrol Agents (formerly the Biopesticide Manual) 3rd Edition. British Crop Production Council (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK.

In another embodiment, the above possible combinations may be used in a wide variety of weight ratios. For example, a two component mixture, the weight ratio of a molecule of Formula One to another compound, can be from about 100:1 to about 1:100; in another example the weight ratio can be about 50:1 to about 1:50; in another example the weight ratio can be about 20:1 to about 1 to 20; in another example the weight ratio can be about 10:1 to about 1:10; in another example the weight ratio can be about 5:1 to 1:5; in another example the weight ratio can be about 3:1 to about 1:3; and in a final example the weight ratio can be about 1:1. However, preferably, weight ratios less than about 10:1 to about 1:10 are preferred. It is also preferred sometimes to use a three or four component mixture comprising one or more molecules of Formula One and one or more other compounds from the above possible combinations.

Formulations

A pesticide is rarely suitable for application in its pure form. It is usually necessary to add other substances so that the pesticide can be used at the required concentration and in an appropriate form, permitting ease of application, handling, transportation, storage, and maximum pesticide activity. Thus, pesticides are formulated into, for example, baits, concentrated emulsions, dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, fumigants, gels, granules, microencapsulations, seed treatments, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, tablets, water soluble liquids, water dispersible granules or dry flowables, wettable powders, and ultra-low volume solutions. For further information on formulation types see “Catalogue of Pesticide Formulation Types and International Coding System” Technical Monograph n° 2, 5th Edition by CropLife International (2002).

Pesticides are applied most often as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such pesticides. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, or water dispersible granules, or liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide, a carrier, and surfactants. The concentration of the pesticide is usually from about 10% to about 90% by weight. The carrier is usually selected from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonated lignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and non-ionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

Emulsifiable concentrates of pesticides comprise a convenient concentration of a pesticide, such as from about 50 to about 500 grams per liter of liquid dissolved in a carrier that is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the terpenic solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxyethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are selected from conventional anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticides dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration in the range from about 5% to about 50% by weight. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the pesticide and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums may also be added, to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.

Pesticides may also be applied as granular compositions that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular compositions usually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the pesticide, dispersed in a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such compositions are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. Such compositions may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and compound and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size.

Dusts containing a pesticide are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the pesticide. They can be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dust blower machine.

It is equally practical to apply a pesticide in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

Pesticides can also be applied in the form of an aerosol composition. In such compositions the pesticide is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol composition is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait they also consume the pesticide. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. They can be used in pest harborages.

Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest's respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest's cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings or in special chambers.

Pesticides can be microencapsulated by suspending the pesticide particles or droplets in plastic polymers of various types. By altering the chemistry of the polymer or by changing factors in the processing, microcapsules can be formed of various sizes, solubility, wall thicknesses, and degrees of penetrability. These factors govern the speed with which the active ingredient within is released, which in turn, affects the residual performance, speed of action, and odor of the product.

Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving pesticide in a solvent that will hold the pesticide in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticide usually provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than other formulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action and the dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing the speed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one compound which is agriculturally active, and is individually coated with a monolamellar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one non-ionic hydrophilic surface-active agent and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a mean particle diameter of less than 800 nanometers. Further information on the embodiment is disclosed in U.S. patent publication 20070027034 published Feb. 1, 2007, having patent application Ser. No. 11/495,228. For ease of use, this embodiment will be referred to as “OIWE”.

For further information consult “Insect Pest Management” 2nd Edition by D. Dent, copyright CAB International (2000). Additionally, for more detailed information consult “Handbook of Pest Control—The Behavior, Life History, and Control of Household Pests” by Arnold Mallis, 9th Edition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

Other Formulation Components

Generally, when the molecules disclosed in Formula One are used in a formulation, such formulation can also contain other components. These components include, but are not limited to, (this is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetters, spreaders, stickers, penetrants, buffers, sequestering agents, drift reduction agents, compatibility agents, anti-foam agents, cleaning agents, and emulsifiers. A few components are described forthwith.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations are: sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates.

A dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from reaggregating. Dispersing agents are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles redisperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulfonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersing agents. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used in agrochemical formulations are: sodium lignosulfonates; sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alkyl ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers.

An emulsifying agent is a substance which stabilizes a suspension of droplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. Without the emulsifying agent the two liquids would separate into two immiscible liquid phases. The most commonly used emulsifier blends contain alkylphenol or aliphatic alcohol with twelve or more ethylene oxide units and the oil-soluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. A range of hydrophile-lipophile balance (“HLB”) values from 8 to 18 will normally provide good stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimes be improved by the addition of a small amount of an EO-PO block copolymer surfactant.

A solubilizing agent is a surfactant which will form micelles in water at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The micelles are then able to dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials inside the hydrophobic part of the micelle. The types of surfactants usually used for solubilization are non-ionics, sorbitan monooleates, sorbitan monooleate ethoxylates, and methyl oleate esters.

Surfactants are sometimes used, either alone or with other additives such as mineral or vegetable oils as adjuvants to spray-tank mixes to improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. The types of surfactants used for bioenhancement depend generally on the nature and mode of action of the pesticide. However, they are often non-ionics such as: alkyl ethoxylates; linear aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; aliphatic amine ethoxylates.

A carrier or diluent in an agricultural formulation is a material added to the pesticide to give a product of the required strength. Carriers are usually materials with high absorptive capacities, while diluents are usually materials with low absorptive capacities. Carriers and diluents are used in the formulation of dusts, wettable powders, granules and water-dispersible granules.

Organic solvents are used mainly in the formulation of emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspoemulsions, and ultra-low volume formulations, and to a lesser extent, granular formulations. Sometimes mixtures of solvents are used. The first main groups of solvents are aliphatic paraffinic oils such as kerosene or refined paraffins. The second main group (and the most common) comprises the aromatic solvents such as xylene and higher molecular weight fractions of C9 and 010 aromatic solvents. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are useful as cosolvents to prevent crystallization of pesticides when the formulation is emulsified into water. Alcohols are sometimes used as cosolvents to increase solvent power. Other solvents may include vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters of vegetable and seed oils.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are not limited to, montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds or are synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

Microorganisms can cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore preservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).

The presence of surfactants often causes water-based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in application through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane, while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

“Green” agents (e.g., adjuvants, surfactants, solvents) can reduce the overall environmental footprint of crop protection formulations. Green agents are biodegradable and generally derived from natural and/or sustainable sources, e.g. plant and animal sources. Specific examples are: vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters thereof, also alkoxylated alkyl polyglucosides.

For further information, see “Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations” edited by D. A. Knowles, copyright 1998 by Kluwer Academic Publishers. Also see “Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment—Retrospects and Prospects” by A. S. Perry, I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry, copyright 1998 by Springer-Verlag.

Pests

In general, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests e.g. ants, aphids, beetles, bristletails, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, fleas, flies, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, lice, locusts, mites, moths, nematodes, scales, symphylans, termites, thrips, ticks, wasps, and whiteflies.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Phyla Nematoda and/or Arthropoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and/or Hexapoda.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Classes of Arachnida, Symphyla, and/or Insecta.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Anoplura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp., Hoplopleura spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., and Polyplax spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus asini, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus setosus, Linognathus ovillus, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, and Pthirus pubis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests in the Order Coleoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp., Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Aulacophora spp., Bruchus spp., Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp., Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Hypera spp., Ips spp., Lyctus spp., Megascelis spp., Meligethes spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Pantomorus spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Rhizotrogus spp., Rhynchites spp., Rhynchophorus spp., Scolytus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sitophilus spp., and Tribolium spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Agrilus planipennis, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus grandis, Ataenius spretulus, Atomaria linearis, Bothynoderes punctiventris, Bruchus pisorum, Callosobruchus maculatus, Carpophilus hemipterus, Cassida vittata, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi, Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cotinis nitida, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptolestes turcicus, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Deporaus marginatus, Dermestes lardarius, Dermestes maculatus, Epilachna varivestis, Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Maecolaspis joliveti, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus mercator, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Phyllophaga cuyabana, Popillia japonica, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma variabile, and Zabrus tenebrioides.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Dermaptera.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Blattaria. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and Supella longipalpa.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Diptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aedes spp., Agromyza spp., Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp., Chrysops spp., Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Culex spp., Dasineura spp., Delia spp., Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp., Musca spp., Phorbia spp., Tabanus spp., and Tipula spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Agromyza frontella, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqa, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera invadens, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Dasineura brassicae, Delia platura, Fannia canicularis, Fannia scalaris, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gracillia perseae, Haematobia irritans, Hypoderma lineatum, Liriomyza brassicae, Melophagus ovinus, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomya betae, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Rhagoletis mendax, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Stomoxys calcitrans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Hemiptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adelges spp., Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Ceroplastes spp., Chionaspis spp., Chrysomphalus spp., Coccus spp., Empoasca spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lagynotomus spp., Lygus spp., Macrosiphum spp., Nephotettix spp., Nezara spp., Philaenus spp., Phytocoris spp., Piezodorus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Therioaphis spp., Toumeyella spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Triatoma spp. and Unaspis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acrosternum hilare, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis pomi, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Blissus leucopterus, Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevennia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Calocoris norvegicus, Ceroplastes rubens, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Diuraphis noxia, Diaphorina citri, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysdercus suturellus, Edessa meditabunda, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eurygaster maura, Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus, Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora, lcerya purchasi, ldioscopus nitidulus, Laodelphax striatellus, Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus hesperus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum granarium, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarva frimbiolata, Metopolophium dirhodum, Mictis longicomis, Myzus persicae, Nephotettix cinctipes, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula, Nilaparvata lugens, Parlatoria pergandii, Parlatoria ziziphi, Peregrinus maidis, Phylloxera vitifoliae, Physokermes piceae, Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildinii, Poecilocapsus lineatus, Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Pseudococcus brevipes, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Saissetia oleae, Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Unaspis yanonensis, and Zulia entrerriana.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Hymenoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acromyrmex spp., Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Diprion spp., Formica spp., Monomorium spp., Neodiprion spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Polistes spp., Solenopsis spp., Vespula spp., and Xylocopa spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Athalia rosae, Atta texana, lridomyrmex humilis, Monomorium minimum, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis molesta, Solenopsis richtery, Solenopsis xyloni, and Tapinoma sessile.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Isoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Cornitermes spp., Cryptotermes spp., Heterotermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Marginitermes spp., Microcerotermes spp., Procornitermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchi, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Microtermes obesi, Reticulitermes banyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, and Reticulitermes virginicus.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Lepidoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adoxophyes spp., Agrotis spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia spp., Chilo spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Collas spp., Crambus spp., Diaphania spp., Diatraea spp., Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Epimecis spp., Feltia spp., Gortyna spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Indarbela spp., Lithocolletis spp., Loxagrotis spp., Malacosoma spp., Peridroma spp., Phyllonorycter spp., Pseudaletia spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., and Yponomeuta spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Achaea janata, Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama argillacea, Amorbia cuneana, Amyelois transitella, Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatella, Anomis sabulifera, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips argyrospila, Archips rosana, Argyrotaenia citrana, Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis, Chlumetia trans versa, Choristoneura rosaceana, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Conopomorpha cramerella, Cossus cossus, Cydia caryana, Cydia funebrana, Cydia molesta, Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Darna diducta, Diatraea saccharalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Earias vittella, Ecdytolopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erionota thrax, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoa auxiliaris, Grapholita molesta, Hedylepta indicata, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Hellula undalis, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera malifoliella, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Mahasena corbetti, Mamestra brassicae, Maruca testulalis, Metisa plana, Mythimna unipuncta, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nymphula depunctalis, Operophtera brumata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana, Pandemis heparana, Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera coffeella, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris rapae, Plathypena scabra, Plodia interpunctella, Plutella xylostella, Polychrosis viteana, Prays endocarpa, Prays oleae, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera eridania, Theola basilides, Tineola bisselliella, Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, Zeuzera coffeae, and Zeuzera pyrina.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Mallophaga. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Anaticola spp., Bovicola spp., Chelopistes spp., Goniodes spp., Menacanthus spp., and Trichodectes spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Bovicola bovis, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, Chelopistes meleagridis, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gaffinae, and Trichodectes canis.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Orthoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Melanoplus spp., and Pterophylla spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Anabrus simplex, Gryllotalpa africana, Gryllotalpa australis, Gryllotalpa brachyptera, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla, Locusta migratoria, Microcentrum retinerve, Schistocerca gregaria, and Scudderia furcata.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Siphonaptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus niger, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, and Pulex irritans.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Thysanoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., and Thrips spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella williamsi, Heliothnps haemorrhoidalis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips nigropilosus, Thrips orientalis, Thrips tabaci.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Thysanura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. and Thermobia spp.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Order Acarina. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acarus spp., Aculops spp., Boophilus spp., Demodex spp., Dermacentor spp., Epitrimerus spp., Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp., Oligonychus spp., Panonychus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., and Tetranychus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acarapis woodi, Acarus siro, Aceria mangiferae, Aculops lycopersici, Aculus pelekassi, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma americanum, Brevipalpus obovatus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Eotetranychus carpini, Notoedres cati, Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus ilicis, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychus urticae, and Varroa destructor.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pest of the Order Symphyla. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Scutigerella immaculate.

In another embodiment, the molecules of Formula One may be used to control pests of the Phylum Nematoda. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp., Belonolaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Hirschmanniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Radopholus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular sp. includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Heterodera zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus, Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

For additional information consult “HANDBOOK OF PEST CONTROL—THE BEHAVIOR, LIFE HISTORY, AND CONTROL OF HOUSEHOLD PESTS” by Arnold Mallis, 9th Edition, copyright 2004 by GIE Media Inc.

Applications

Controlling pests of Phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca generally means that pest populations, pest activity, or both, are reduced in an locus. This can come about when:

(a) pest populations are repulsed from a locus;

(b) pests are incapacitated in, or around, a locus; or

(c) pests are exterminated in, or around, a locus.

Of course, a combination of these results can occur. Generally, pest populations, activity, or both are desirably reduced more than fifty percent, preferably more than 90 percent, and most preferably more than 98 percent. Generally, the locus is not in, or on, a human; consequently, the locus is generally a non-human locus.

In another embodiment, the locus to which a molecule of Formula One is applied can be any locus that is inhabited, or that may become inhabited, or that may be traversed, by a pest of Phyla Nematoda, Arthropoda, and/or Mollusca. For example, the locus can be:

(a) where crops, trees, fruits, cereals, fodder species, vines, turf, and/or ornamental plants, are growing;

(b) where domesticated animals are residing;

(c) the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings (such as places where grains are stored);

(d) the materials of construction used in buildings (such as impregnated wood); and

(e) the soil around buildings.

Particular crop areas to use a molecule of Formula One include areas where apples, corn, sunflowers, cotton, soybeans, canola, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, oats, potatoes, oranges, alfalfa, lettuce, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, crucifers, pears, tobacco, almonds, sugar beets, beans and other valuable crops are growing or the seeds thereof are going to be planted. It is also advantageous to use ammonium sulfate with a molecule of Formula One when growing various plants.

In another embodiment, molecules of Formula One are generally used in amounts from about 0.0001 grams per hectare to about 5000 grams per hectare to provide control. In another embodiment, it is preferred that molecules of Formula One are used in amounts from about 0.001 grams per hectare to about 500 grams per hectare. In another embodiment, it is more preferred that molecules of Formula One are used in amounts from about 0.01 gram per hectare to about 50 grams per hectare.

The molecules of Formula One may be used in mixtures, applied simultaneously or sequentially, alone or with other compounds to enhance plant vigor (e.g. to grow a better root system, to better withstand stressful growing conditions). Such other compounds are, for example, compounds that modulate plant ethylene receptors, most notably 1-methylcyclopropene (also known as 1-MCP). Furthermore, such molecules may be used during times when pest activity is low, such as before the plants that are growing begin to produce valuable agricultural commodities. Such times include the early planting season when pest pressure is usually low.

The molecules of Formula One can be applied to the foliar and fruiting portions of plants to control pests. The molecules will either come in direct contact with the pest, or the pest will consume the pesticide when eating leaf, fruit mass, or extracting sap, that contains the pesticide. The molecules of Formula One can also be applied to the soil, and when applied in this manner, root and stem feeding pests can be controlled. The roots can absorb a molecule taking it up into the foliar portions of the plant to control above ground chewing and sap feeding pests.

Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where, for example, termites can come into contact with, and/or be attracted to, the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with, and/or be attracted to, the bait. Baits can comprise a molecule of Formula One.

The molecules of Formula One can be encapsulated inside, or placed on the surface of a capsule. The size of the capsules can range from nanometer size (about 100-900 nanometers in diameter) to micrometer size (about 10-900 microns in diameter).

Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist certain pesticides, repeated applications of the molecules of Formula One may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

Systemic movement of pesticides in plants may be utilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying (for example by spraying an area) the molecules of Formula One to a different portion of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects can be achieved by drip irrigation or furrow application, by treating the soil with for example pre- or post-planting soil drench, or by treating the seeds of a plant before planting.

Seed treatment can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically modified to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide resistance, such as “Roundup Ready” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancement, drought resistance, or any other beneficial traits. Furthermore, such seed treatments with the molecules of Formula One may further enhance the ability of a plant to better withstand stressful growing conditions. This results in a healthier, more vigorous plant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time. Generally, about 1 gram of the molecules of Formula One to about 500 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide good benefits, amounts from about 10 grams to about 100 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide better benefits, and amounts from about 25 grams to about 75 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide even better benefits.

It should be readily apparent that the molecules of Formula One may be used on, in, or around plants genetically modified to express specialized traits, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, or those expressing herbicide resistance, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide resistance, nutrition-enhancement, or any other beneficial traits.

The molecules of Formula One may be used for controlling endoparasites and ectoparasites in the veterinary medicine sector or in the field of non-human animal keeping. The molecules of Formula One are applied, such as by oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, by dermal application in the form of, for example, dipping, spraying, pouring on, spotting on, and dusting, and by parenteral administration in the form of, for example, an injection.

The molecules of Formula One may also be employed advantageously in livestock keeping, for example, cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, and geese. They may also be employed advantageously in pets such as, horses, dogs, and cats. Particular pests to control would be fleas and ticks that are bothersome to such animals. Suitable formulations are administered orally to the animals with the drinking water or feed. The dosages and formulations that are suitable depend on the species.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used for controlling parasitic worms, especially of the intestine, in the animals listed above.

The molecules of Formula One may also be employed in therapeutic methods for human health care. Such methods include, but are limited to, oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, and by dermal application.

Pests around the world have been migrating to new environments (for such pest) and thereafter becoming a new invasive species in such new environment. The molecules of Formula One may also be used on such new invasive species to control them in such new environment.

The molecules of Formula One may also be used in an area where plants, such as crops, are growing (e.g. pre-planting, planting, pre-harvesting) and where there are low levels (even no actual presence) of pests that can commercially damage such plants. The use of such molecules in such area is to benefit the plants being grown in the area. Such benefits, may include, but are not limited to, improving the health of a plant, improving the yield of a plant (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), improving the vigor of a plant (e.g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves), improving the quality of a plant (e.g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients), and improving the tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress of the plant.

Before a pesticide can be used or sold commercially, such pesticide undergoes lengthy evaluation processes by various governmental authorities (local, regional, state, national, and international). Voluminous data requirements are specified by regulatory authorities and must be addressed through data generation and submission by the product registrant or by a third party on the product registrant's behalf, often using a computer with a connection to the World Wide Web. These governmental authorities then review such data and if a determination of safety is concluded, provide the potential user or seller with product registration approval. Thereafter, in that locality where the product registration is granted and supported, such user or seller may use or sell such pesticide.

A molecule according to Formula One can be tested to determine its efficacy against pests. Furthermore, mode of action studies can be conducted to determine if said molecule has a different mode of action than other pesticides. Thereafter, such acquired data can be disseminated, such as by the internet, to third parties.

The headings in this document are for convenience only and must not be used to interpret any portion hereof.

Table Section

TABLE 1 Structures for Intermediates No. Preparation Structure C13 Ex 9 C1b Ex 1 C14 Ex 10 C8 Ex 4 C6 Ex 4 C7 Ex 4 C15a Ex 10a C16 Ex 11 C15 Ex 10 C4 Ex 3 C3 Ex 3 C5 Ex 3 C53 Ex 56 C52 Ex 56 C24 Ex 24 C19 Ex 14 C20 Ex 15 C40 Ex 43 C41 Ex 44 C37 Ex 37 C30 Ex 30 C32 Ex 31 C31 Ex 30 C33 Ex 31 C34a Ex 32a C38 Ex 38 C39 Ex 39 C17 Ex 13 C18 Ex 13 C22 Ex 20 C36 Ex 36 C26 Ex 26 C27 Ex 26 C28 Ex 27 C50 Ex 54 C55 Ex 58 C43 Ex 47 C44 Ex 48 C46 Ex 50 C47 Ex 51 C45 Ex 49 C58 Ex 60 C59 Ex 61 C60 Ex 62 C61 Ex 65

TABLE 1A Structures for Intermediates (CA) No. Preparation Structure CA1 Ex 10 CA2 Ex 10 CA3 Ex 11 CA4 Ex 13 CA5 Ex 13 CA6 Ex 24 CA7 Ex 25 CA8 Ex 30 CA9 Ex 30 CA10 Ex 31 CA11 Ex 31 CA12 Ex 44 CA13 Ex 51 CA14 Ex 59 CA15 Ex 59 CA16 Ex 59 CA17 Ex 59 CA18 Ex 62 CA19 Ex 62 CA20 Ex 62 CA21 Ex 62 CA22 Ex 62 CA23 Ex 65 CA24 Ex 66 CA25 Ex 66 CA26 Ex 66 CA33 Ex 68 CA35 Ex 68 CA36 Ex 68 CA37 Ex 68 CA38 Ex 69 CA40 Ex 69 CA41 Ex 69 CA42 Ex 69 CA44 Ex 74 CA45 Ex 76 CA48 Ex 81 CA49 Ex 82 CA50 Ex 83 CA51 Ex 58a

TABLE 1B Structures for Intermediates (PC) No. Preparation Structure PC1 Ex 71 PC2 Ex 71 PC3 Ex 71 PC5 Ex 71 PC6 Ex 71 PC7 Ex 71 PC8 Ex 71 PC14 Ex 71 PC15 Ex 71 PC16 Ex 71 PC74 Ex 75 PC75 Ex 75 PC76 Ex 75 PC80 Ex 75 PC81 Ex 75 PC83 Ex 75 PC84 Ex 75 PC85 Ex 75 PC87 Ex 75 PC92 Ex 63 PC93 Ex 63 PC94 Ex 63 PC99 Ex 63 PC101 Ex 63 PC102 Ex 63 PC103 Ex 63 PC105 Ex 63 PC118 Ex 63 PC119 Ex 63 PC120 Ex 63 PC124 Ex 63 PC125 Ex 63 PC127 Ex 63 PC128 Ex 63 PC129 Ex 63 PC131 Ex 63 PC144 Ex 63 PC145 Ex 63 PC146 Ex 63 PC150 Ex 63 PC151 Ex 63 PC152 Ex 63 PC153 Ex 63 PC154 Ex 63 PC155 Ex 63 PC156 Ex 63 PC159 Ex 63 PC160 Ex 63 PC170 Ex 63 PC171 Ex 63 PC172 Ex 63 PC176 Ex 63 PC179 Ex 63 PC180 Ex 63 PC181 Ex 63 PC182 Ex 63

TABLE 2A Structures for Molecules of Formula One No. Structure F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F5A F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26 F27 F28 F29 F30 F31 F32 F33 F34 F35

TABLE 2B Exemplified Prophetic Structures (P) from Table P-One and P-Two for Molecules of Formula One No. Structure P1 P2, P532 P3, P1172 P5 P6 P7 P8, P852 P14 P15 P20 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P33 P42 P44 P45 P47 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 P57 P58 P59 P64 P65 P66, P353 P74 P75 P76 P80 P81 P83 P84 P85 P87 P92 P93, P510 P94, P197 P99, P830 P101 P102 P103, P1150 P105 P118 P119 P120 P124 P125 P127 P128 P129 P131 P144 P145, P522 P146, P208 P150, P363 P151, P842 P152, P1481 P153 P154 P155, P1162 P156, P682 P159 P160 P170 P171 P172 P176 P179 P180 P181 P182 P205 P209 P364 P679 P683 P1163

TABLE 3a Analytical Data for Compounds in Table 2a. Mp 13C NMR or 19F No. Appearance (° C.) ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (δ)a NMR (δ) F1 Clear oil 609 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (dd, J = 3.4, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 3.63-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.17 (dd, J = 6.8, 4.7 Hz, 6H) F2 White 150-153 569 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, powder CDCl3) δ 10.12 (s, CDCl3) δ −52.21 1H), 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.08 (dt, J = 4.3, 2.7 Hz, 3H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.46-7.14 (m, 6H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 3.52-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.98 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) F3 White 133-136, 582 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid 148-149 CDCl3) δ 11.82 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.08 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dq, J = 8.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.07 (m, 3H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 3.52 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.12-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.90 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.22 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) F4 White 88° C. 583 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) CDCl3) δ 11.90 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03 1H), 9.96 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (dd, J = 12.0, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.13 (m, 1H), 3.13 (ddd, J = 27.5, 13.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (dd, J = 13.4, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (dd, J = 13.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.32-1.16 (m, 9H) F5 Pale 102° C. 623 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, pink (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 solid 1H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.68-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.73-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.15 (dd, J = 6.9, 2.4 Hz, 6H) F5A 60-70 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.03 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (dd, J = 1.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (d, J = 17.9 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (d, J = 17.9 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.11 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.09-1.04 (m, 3H) (SO3H not observed) F6 Orange 110-118° C. 639 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid CDCl3) δ 8.56 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.99 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.52 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.38 (m, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (dt, J = 13.0, 6.8 Hz, 6H) F7 White 114° C. 623 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.55 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.12-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.35 (dd, J = 15.3, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (dd, J = 14.6, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (ddd, J = 46.3, 13.4, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.83-2.59 (m, 2H), 1.17 (ddd, J = 6.6, 3.7, 2.7 Hz, 6H), 1.14-1.03 (m, 3H) F8 Off- 114° C. 637 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, white (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03 solid 1H), 8.12-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (dd, J = 14.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.00 (dd, J = 13.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (dd, J = 13.4, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.76 (dd, J = 13.4, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.71-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 3H), 1.19-1.05 (m, 9H) F9 Brown 673 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, gum CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, CDCl3) δ −85.89, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, −87.85 2H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.22 (m, 3H), 6.86-6.83 (m, 1H), 5.52 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (ddt, J = 35.7, 13.7, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (p, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.15 (dd, J = 6.9, 2.2 Hz, 6H) F10 Orange 113° C. 637 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03 1H), 8.08 (dd, J = 8.1, 5.9 Hz, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dddd, J = 7.9, 3.0, 2.1, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.20 (m, 4H), 6.83 (ddd, J = 6.6, 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.66-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.02 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (dq, J = 14.1, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.34-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.17-1.07 (m, 6H) F11 Yellow 178-182° C. 567 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.74 (s, 1H), 10.27 (s, δ −56.96 1H), 9.40 (s, 2H), 8.18-7.91 (m, 4H), 7.59 (dd, J = 24.9, 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.41 (ddd, J = 9.4, 7.9, 4.1 Hz, 3H), 7.27 (dtd, J = 25.3, 7.4, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 6.25 (d, J = 14.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) F12 Orange 128° C. 607 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.03 (d, J = 14.6 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 2.69 (dt, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.22-1.18 (m, 6H) F13 Orange 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, gum CDCl3) δ 8.56 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.16-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.87-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.01 (m, 2H), 3.98 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.60 (m, 1H), 1.98 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (dd, J = 6.9, 5.1 Hz, 6H) F14 Yellow ESI MS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 555 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 553 ([M − H]−) 11.95 (s, 1H), 10.26 (s, δ −56.96. 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.06 (m, 4H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 7.9, 2.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.44 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (td, J = 7.5, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (td, J = 7.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). F15 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 605 DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) ([M + H]+), 11.93 (s, 1H), 10.25 (s, δ −85.19, −86.91. 603 ([M − H]−) 1H), 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.33-8.02 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.05 (m, 7H), 4.45 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.02 (hept, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.18 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). F16 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 619 DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) ([M + H]+), 11.89 (s, 1H), 10.25 (s, δ −85.19, −86.91. 617 [M − H)−] 1H), 9.44 (s, 1H), 8.17-8.08 (m, 4H), 7.73-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.33-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.05 (m, 1H), 4.46 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (hept, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). F17 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 595 DMSO-d6) δ 9.41 (d, DMSO-d6) ([M + H]+), J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), δ −56.96. 593 ([M − H]−) 8.18 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11-8.02 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.61 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.23 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.00 (m, 4H), 2.71 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.16 (dd, J = 27.4, 6.8 Hz, 6H). F18 Off ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, White 645 DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (d; DMSO-d6) Solid ([M + H]+), J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), δ −85.19, −86.92. 643 ([M − H]−) 8.16 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.13-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.06 (m, 4H), 4.40-3.94 (m, 4H), 2.70 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.22-1.08 (m, 6H). F19 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 659 DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, DMSO-d6) ([M + H]+), 1H), 8.18 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, δ −85.21 (d, J = 9.4 Hz), 657 ([M − H]−) 1H), −86.93 (d, J = 7.3 Hz). 8.15-7.98 (m, 4H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.96 (m, 1H), 4.42-3.92 (m, 4H), 2.64 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.28-0.96 (m, 6H). F20 White 124-128 ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid 637 ([M + H]+) CDCl3) δ 8.55 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03. 1H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 3H), 6.87-6.83 (m, 1H), 5.48 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.57 (m, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.86 (dt, J = 14.8, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.16 (dd, J = 6.9, 2.7 Hz, 6H). F21 White 97 ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, Solid (dec.) 597 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.91 (s, 1H), 10.05 (s, δ −56.96. 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.01 (m, 4H), 7.67-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.74-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.14 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). F22 White 197-198° C. 581 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.87 (s, 1H), 10.02 (s, δ −57.00 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.09-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.41-7.18 (m, 7H), 2.99 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.16 (s, 1H), 1.36-1.22 (m, 3H), 1.17 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 6H) F23 Off- 185-190° C. 581 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, white DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) solid 11.98 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, δ −56.97 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.03 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.15 (m, 5H), 2.88 (s, 1H), 2.53-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.15 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 1.59-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.21 (m, 2H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) F24 White 127° C. 581 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.51 (s, 1H), 10.01 (s, δ −56.97 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.03 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.3 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.02 (m, 3H), 2.90 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.53-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.17 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 4H), 1.35-1.18 (m, 2H), 1.12 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H) F25 White 127° C. 567 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.46 (s, 1H), 10.00 (s, δ −56.97 1H), 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.03 (m, 3H), 2.89 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H), 2.51 (s, 1H), 2.16 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H), 1.34-1.23 (m, 2H) F26 White 583 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, oily solid DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) 11.70 (s, 1H), 9.95 (s, 1H), δ −56.98 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 23.5, 8.5 Hz, 4H), 6.91-6.69 (m, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.16 (s, 4H), 1.34-1.18 (m, 2H) F27 Off- 111-121° C. 581 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, white CDCl3) δ 11.92 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 solid 1H), 10.23 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.13-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.78 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 3H), 7.26 (s, 1H) 7.19 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 3H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (s, 1H), 2.69-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 4H), 1.21 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 5H) F28 White 181-184° C. 595 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid CDCl3) δ 11.70 (d, J = 130.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.03 1H), 10.03 (d, J = 115.9 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 3H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J = 21.1, 8.0 Hz, 4H), 3.07 (dt, J = 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 1H), 1.28-1.19 (m, 8H) F29 Off- 116° C. 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, white (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.04 solid 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.48-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J = 7.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.74-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.16 (m, 6H) F30 Off- 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, white CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.04 oily solid 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.46-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.21 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (s, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 1H), 2.40 (dd, J = 8.7, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 1.64-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.13 (m, 2H), 0.93 (td, J = 7.3, 1.8 Hz, 3H) F31 Clear oil 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.41-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.20 (dd, J = 13.3, 7.9 Hz, 4H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 2.94 (dd, J = 7.4, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.43 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.17 (td, J = 7.6, 2.4 Hz, 3H) F32 Clear oil 607 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.04 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.82-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 17.5, 7.9 Hz, 4H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 2.94 (td, J = 7.6, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 6H), 2.12-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.17 (m, 2H) F33 Yellow 124° C. 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid (dec) CDCl3) δ 8.54 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.03 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 3.92 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (dd, J = 7.2, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.47-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.36 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 3H), 2.10 (ddd, J = 9.6, 6.4, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 1.33-1.19 (m, 2H), 1.16 (td, J = 7.6, 2.7 Hz, 3H) F34 Yellow 621 ([M + H]+) 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, oil CDCl3) δ 8.53 (s, CDCl3) δ −58.02 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 3H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 4H), 7.19 (dd, J = 12.6, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.42 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.76 (ddd, J = 10.3, 7.5, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (dd, J = 15.0, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.37-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.05-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.05 (m, 8H) F35 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR (376 MHz, solid 569 DMSO-d6) δ DMSO-d6) ([M + H]+), 11.89 (s, 1H), 10.25 (s, δ −56.96 567 ([M − H]−) 1H), 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.19-8.05 (m, 4H), 7.72-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.11 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) aAll 1H NMR data measured in CDCl3 at 400 MHz unless otherwise noted

TABLE 3b Analytical Data for Compounds in Table 2b. Mp 13C NMR or No. Appearance (° C.) ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (δ)a 19 F NMR (δ) P1 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR solid 567 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 565 ([M − H]−) 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.17 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 1H), −56.97 8.11-8.00 (m, 4H), 7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 1H), 4.25 (qd, J = 15.4, 6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.17-3.98 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H) P2, White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR P532 solid 581 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 579 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.15 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 1H), −56.97 8.07-8.05 (m, 2H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.64-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.23 (dt, J = 7.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.17-3.99 (m, 2H), 2.41 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P3, Off-white ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR P1172 solid 613 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 611 ([M − H]−) 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.17 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 1H), −56.97 (d, J = 3.4 Hz), 8.13-7.99 (m, 5H), −112.07 (d, J = 3.6 Hz) 7.62 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.16 (td, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J = 10.6, 6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.19-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.61 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.08 (m, 6H) P5 Off-white ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR solid 609 ([M + H]+), 8.11 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 607 ([M − H]−) 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.02 2H), 7.40-7.32 (m, 4H), 7.22 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.83 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) P6 Off-white ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR solid 597 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 595 ([M − H]−) 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.17 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, CDCl3) δ −56.96 1H), 8.13-7.99 (m, 4H), 7.70-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (qd, J = 15.4, 6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.16-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H). P7 Off Whites ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 595 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 593 ([M − H]−) 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.19 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, CDCl3) δ −52.22 1H), 8.13-7.95 (m, 4H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.04 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (d, J = 18.1 Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d, J = 17.9 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.10-1.08 (m, 3H). P8, Off Whites ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR P852 Solid 609 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.45 (s, 1H), 8.23 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, CDCl3) δ −52.21 1H), 8.18-8.05 (m, 4H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.15 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) P14 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 579 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 577 ([M − H]−) 9.52 (s, 1H), 8.18 (dd, J = 7.2, CDCl3) δ −60.80 4.5 Hz, 3H), 8.08-8.02 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.21 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.18-3.98 (m, 2H), 2.70 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.20-1.08 (m, 6H) P15 Light ESMIS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 593 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 591 ([M − H]−) 9.52 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, CDCl3) δ −60.80 2H), 8.15 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.03 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.18-3.97 (m, 2H), 2.66 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.11 (dt, J = 7.0, 3.6 Hz, 6H) P20 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 607 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.14-8.01 (m, 4H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.62 (dq, J = 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.45-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15 (t, J = 1.3 Hz, 2H), 6.66 (q, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.28 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.10 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.00 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) P26 Brown Oil ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 623 ([M + H]+) 8.08 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.44-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.09 (ddd, J = 8.0, 2.0, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (ddt, J = 30.1, 13.6, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.16 (dd, J = 6.9, 4.5 Hz, 6H) P27 Yellow Oil ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 623 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.84-7.72 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.84 (dd, J = 7.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (dp, J = 25.1, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (dq, J = 15.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (td, J = 7.0, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.25 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H) P28 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foamy 627 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, Solid 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02, −110.68 7.39 (dd, J = 9.1, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.09 (dd, J = 9.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.93 (m, 2H), 5.48 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (dp, J = 25.1, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (pd, J = 6.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 1.15 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) P29 Pale Pink ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.83 (m, 1H), 5.52 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.43-2.23 (m, 5H), 1.60-1.48 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P30 Pink Solid ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 623 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 Hz, 7.83-7.77 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.59 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.30 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.89 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 3.51 (dh, J = 27.3, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (td, J = 7.0, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 1.31 (s, 9H) P31 Off-White ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+) 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.80 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.03 2H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (qd, J = 7.0, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.50-2.32 (m, 5H), 1.15 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P33 Brown 105 ESIMS m/z 8.56 (d, J = 0.6 Hz, 19F NMR Solid (dec.) 641 ([M + H]+) 1H), 8.08 (dd, J = 10.1, (376 MHz, 8.2 Hz, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03, −110.63, −110.66, 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), −110.66 7.43-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 9.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dddd, J = 11.3, 7.3, 6.0, 2.9 Hz, 2H), 5.31 (dd, J = 11.9, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.91 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 3.06-2.59 (m, 3H), 1.22-1.05 (m, 9H) P42 Off-White ESIMS m/z 8.56 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 8.13-8.03 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.42-7.27 (m, 6H), 7.25-7.13 (m, 1H), 5.42-5.29 (m, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 2H), 3.04-2.83 (m, 1H), 2.70 (td, J = 13.5, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (q, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 3H), 1.16 (td, J = 7.6, 2.1 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (dd, J = 6.7, 2.6 Hz, 3H) P44 Yellow ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 611 ([M + H]+) 8.15-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.86-7.74 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.39 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 5.52 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.53 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H) P45 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.56 (d, J = 0.6 Hz, 19F NMR Solid 625 ([M + H]+) 1H), 8.12-8.05 (m, (376 MHz, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.03 2H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 9.1, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (qd, J = 5.5, 4.6, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 5.38 (dd, J = 8.4, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.96-3.84 (m, 3H), 3.82 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 3H), 2.98 (ddd, J = 13.3, 9.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (td, J = 13.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (dd, J = 6.7, 1.1 Hz, 3H) P47 Yellow Oil ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 625 ([M + H]+) 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.79 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.02 2H), 7.39 (ddt, J = 7.7, 1.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (m, 2H), 6.67 (s, 2H), 5.56 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 6H) P49 Pink Solid ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 609 ([M + H]+) 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.39 (dd, J = 8.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 5.52 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P50 Off-White ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+) 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.80 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, CDCl3) δ −58.03 2H), 7.46-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.17 (dd, J = 15.0, 7.5 Hz, 2H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.52 (dp, J = 13.4, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.41 (qd, J = 7.6, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.15 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P51 Dark ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Brown Oil 609 ([M + H]+) 8.17-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.85-7.71 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.44-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.10-6.96 (m, 2H), 5.52 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.60-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.91 (dt, J = 23.2, 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.25 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) P52 Tan ESIMS m/z 8.64 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Glassy 607 ([M + H]+) 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, Foam 7.95-7.86 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −62.49 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.22 (m, 4H), 6.85 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (ddt, J = 35.1, 13.6, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (dq, J = 14.3, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (dd, J = 6.9, 2.3 Hz, 6H) P53 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.65 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 623 ([M + H]+) 8.14-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.95-7.86 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −62.49 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 3H), 6.99 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.53 (ddt, J = 29.0, 13.7, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.20-1.06 (m, 6H) P57 Clear ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Sticky Oil 637 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 4H), 6.90-6.77 (m, 1H), 5.51 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.10-4.03 (m, 1H) 3.64-3.39 (m, 2H) 2.87 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.73-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.33 (q, J = 0.7 Hz, 3H), 1.73 (dd, J = 7.3, 4.5 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (ddd, J = 7.1, 4.5, 2.9 Hz, 6H) P58 Yellow Oil ESIMS m/z 8.54 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 623 ([M + H]+) 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.25 (dt, J = 8.0, 2.1 Hz, 3H), 7.19-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.87-6.77 (m, 1H), 5.18 (dt, J = 25.9, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.24-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.05-2.63 (m, 4H), 2.31 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 3H), 1.26-1.11 (m, 9H) P59 White ESIMS m/z 8.53 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 1H), (376 MHz, 8.13-8.02 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.83-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.01 (dd, J = 59.3, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.49 (td, J = 14.1, 13.0, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (dq, J = 13.4, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (q, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.99-2.73 (m, 3H), 2.50-2.26 (m, 4H), 1.16 (dd, J = 8.2, 6.9 Hz, 6H) P64 White ESIMS m/z 8.55 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+) 1H), 8.14 (dd, J = 8.2, (376 MHz, 5.4 Hz, 1H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 8.06 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.20 (dd, J = 8.0, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12-6.81 (m, 2H), 4.92 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71-3.16 (m, 5H), 3.08-2.76 (m, 5H), 2.67-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.22-1.08 (m, 6H) P65 Orange ESIMS m/z 8.57 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 621 ([M + H]+) 8.15-8.08 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.81 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.43-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.23 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.27 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.98 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.21 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 3H), 1.11 (dd, J = 19.2, 6.9 Hz, 6H) P66, Off-White 122 ESIMS m/z 8.57-8.52 (m, 19F NMR P353 Powder (dec.) 651 ([M + H]+) 1H), 8.13-8.02 (m, (376 MHz, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, CDCl3) δ −58.03 2H), 7.43-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.26 (s, 2H), 6.85 (dd, J = 15.7, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J = 23.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.03 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.63 (ddq, J = 28.1, 14.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.39-2.29 (m, 3H), 1.36-0.89 (m, 12H) P74 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 581 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 579 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.13-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.98-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.21 (dt, J = 7.5, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 4.15-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.28 (dt, J = 8.3, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H) P75 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 595 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 593 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.16-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.99-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.16 (m, 1H), 4.18-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.27 (td, J = 7.8, 7.2, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.35 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.04 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P76 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 607 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.16-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.27 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.63 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.10-1.03 (m, 6H) P80 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.98-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.28 (dt, J = 10.3, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.20 (m, 5H), 1.51-1.33 (m, 2H), 0.79 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P81 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.15-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.27 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.63-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.04 (dd, J = 6.9, 4.8 Hz, 6H) P83 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 607 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 2H), 4.15 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (dt, J = 8.1, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.84-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.32 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 3H), 1.03 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P84 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09-6.99 (m, 2H), 4.13-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.58 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.05 (dd, J = 6.9, 3.6 Hz, 6H) P85 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 627 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 625 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97, −112.11 8.15-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.12 (td, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.15-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.76 (m, 2H), 2.61 (tt, J = 7.6, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 1.09-1.02 (m, 6H) P87 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 611 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 609 ([M − H]−) 9.41 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.17-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.99-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.29 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.86 (m, 1H), 6.83 (ddd, J = 8.7, 2.8, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 4.13-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.28 (td, J = 8.1, 7.1, 4.4 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.76 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H) P92 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 595 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 593 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.27-7.16 (m, 1H), 4.16-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.60 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.72 (p, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H) P93 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 609 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 607 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.22 (dt, J = 7.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.17-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.04 (dp, J = 16.0, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.10 (td, J = 7.3, 1.9 Hz, 3H) P94 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.19 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.04 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.68 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.81-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.18-1.06 (m, 6H) P99 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 637 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 635 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 1H), 4.20-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.04 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.59 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 5H), 1.72 (p, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (qd, J = 7.4, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 0.84 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P101 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 621 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.16 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.73 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.09 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P102 Yellow ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 635 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.27 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.17-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.04 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (dt, J = 15.4, 7.4 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.72 (p, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.16-1.06 (m, 6H) P103 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 641 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 639 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97, −112.12 8.15-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.59 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.15 (td, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.18-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.04 (dq, J = 13.2, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.75-2.54 (m, 3H), 1.72 (p, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.13-1.05 (m, 6H) P105 Light ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Yellow 625 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, Solid 623 ([M − H]−) 9.38 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.12-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.16-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.60 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.63 (m, 2H) P118 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 595 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 593 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dd, J = 7.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.46-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 1H), 4.17-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.16-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.63 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.74 (p, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) P119 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 607 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dd, J = 6.3, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.21-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.16-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.62 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (p, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.3, 2.7 Hz, 3H) P120 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.16-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (tt, J = 3.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.48 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.30 (td, J = 7.5, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.21-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.06 (qd, J = 6.8, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (dt, J = 26.1, 7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.73 (p, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.09 (dt, J = 7.0, 3.6 Hz, 6H) P124 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 635 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.14-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.92 (tt, J = 3.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.70-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dt, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.06 (qd, J = 6.9, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 2.71-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.03 (m, 6H) P125 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 635 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.15-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dt, J = 5.8, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.42 (dd, J = 8.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dt, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (ddd, J = 7.8, 1.9, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.06 (ddd, J = 12.1, 6.9, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 2.62 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 5H), 1.74 (p, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.57-1.39 (m, 2H), 0.84 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P127 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 621 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.71-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.6, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 4.15 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.06 (q, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.09 (t, J = 7.3, 3.2 Hz, 3H) P128 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 635 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dp, J = 5.2, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.01 (m, 2H), 4.17-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.05 (qd, J = 6.9, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.56 (m, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.08 (m, 6H) P129 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 641 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 639 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97, −112.13 8.15-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (tt, J = 3.1, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.15 (ddd, J = 8.7, 8.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.18-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.06 (qd, J = 6.9, 3.4 Hz, 2H), 2.73-2.56 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.05 (m, 6H) P131 Off White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 625 ([M + H]+), DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 623 ([M − H]−) 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.93 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.4 Hz, 2H), 7.69-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.42 (td, J = 7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dt, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J = 2.8, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (ddd, J = 8.7, 3.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 4.16-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.39 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 2H), 3.16-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.64 (dd, J = 8.7, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.74 (p, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) P144 White ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 609 ([M + H]+) 8.08 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.42-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.13-7.07 (m, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 4.00-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.25 (qd, J = 6.9, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.52 (d, J = 0.5 Hz, 2H) P145 White 82-88 ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 8.08 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.32 (td, J = 7.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.09 (m, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (qd, J = 7.6, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 2H), 1.17 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P146 White 89-92 ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), Solid 637 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dt, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.9, 5.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.01 (m, 1H), 5.38 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.67 (dt, J = 10.3, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.17 (dd, J = 6.9, 3.2 Hz, 6H) P150 White 100-105 ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 651 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.39 (dd, J = 9.0, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 3H), 6.86 (dd, J = 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.16 (m, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (dt, J = 10.6, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.07 (m, 6H) P151 White 78-82 ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), Solid 651 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 3H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.85 (m, 1H), 5.41 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42-2.23 (m, 5H), 1.75-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.48 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P152 White ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 8.08 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.84-7.76 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.42-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.26 (s, 4H), 7.20-7.12 (m, 2H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.25 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (d, J = 0.7 Hz, 6H), 1.66 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (s, 2H) P153 White ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 637 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.84-7.74 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.36 (m, 2H), −58.02 7.32 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J = 15.3, 7.6 Hz, 3H), 5.40 (s, 1H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.25 (q, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (dt, J = 8.9, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.66 (p, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.59-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.16 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P154 White 101-108 ESIMS m/z 8.54 (s, 1H), Solid 651 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.21 (m, 3H), 7.11 (ddd, J = 8.1, 2.0, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.40 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.97-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.65 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.16 (dd, J = 6.9, 2.7 Hz, 6H) P155 White ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 655 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.84-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03, −110.71 7.44-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.11 (dd, J = 9.9, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08-6.94 (m, 2H), 5.40 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.67 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.65 (q, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 1.55 (s, 2H), 1.16 (dd, J = 6.9, 5.1 Hz, 6H) P156 White ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 667 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.85-7.71 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.36 (m, 1H), −58.03 7.34 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 3H), 7.01 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.26 (hept, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.66 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.63-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.65 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (s, 2H), 1.14 (dd, J = 6.9, 4.4 Hz, 6H) P159 White 110-117 ESIMS m/z 8.64 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid. 635 ([M + H]+) 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.94-7.88 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), −62.48 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 3H), 6.89-6.83 (m, 1H), 5.44 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.44-2.28 (m, 3H), 1.71-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.15 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H) P160 Yellow 107-113 ESIMS m/z 8.57 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 647 ([M + H]+) 8.13-8.08 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.77 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ 7.47-7.42 (m, 2H), −58.02 7.39 (dt, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 1H), 5.78 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.47 (qd, J = 6.6, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (dq, J = 10.9, 6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.21-1.09 (m, 6H) P170 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 609 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dt, J = 6.5, −56.96 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.57 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 4.13-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.04 (dp, J = 19.5, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 2H) P171 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92 (ddt, −56.96 J = 5.2, 2.9, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.34-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.20 (dt, J = 7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.15-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.03 (dp, J = 16.6, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.37 (q, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.54 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 1.49-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.07 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 3H) P172 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ 8.13-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.91 (tt, J = 3.2, −56.96 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (ddt, J = 7.9, 1.9, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.17 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.14-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.03 (qd, J = 6.8, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (td, J = 7.3, 4.2 Hz, 3H), 1.63-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.13-1.05 (m, 6H) P176 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, Solid 651 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ 19F NMR 9.40 (s, 1H), (376 MHz, 8.14-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dt, J = 3.9, CDCl3) δ 1.7 Hz, 2H), −56.97 7.67-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.57 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.21 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00-6.95 (m, 1H), 4.12-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.03 (q, J = 7.4, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (dt, J = 17.5, 7.2 Hz, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.01 (m, 6H) P179 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 637 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.41 (dd, J = 8.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (ddd, J = 7.4, 4.4, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.14 (m, 2H), 4.14 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.62-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.08-1.02 (m, 3H) P180 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 651 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.97 8.13-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dp, J = 5.1, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.68-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.55 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.28 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.00 (m, 2H), 4.13-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.61 (dt, J = 16.9, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.63-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.02 (m, 6H) P181 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 655 ([M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96, −112.17 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.96-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dp, J = 7.7, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.56 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.12 (td, J = 8.4, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.14-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.11-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.56 (m, 3H), 1.55 (dq, J = 12.1, 7.7, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.44 (q, J = 7.6, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.12-1.03 (m, 6H) P182 White ESIMS m/z 1H NMR (400 MHz, 19F NMR Solid 667 (M + H]+) DMSO-d6) δ (376 MHz, 9.40 (s, 1H), CDCl3) δ −56.96 8.13-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92 (dt, J = 4.0, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (dd, J = 21.0, 7.3 Hz, 3H), 7.41 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.98 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 4.13-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.03 (q, J = 7.5, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.60 (dt, J = 28.9, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.65-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.43 (dq, J = 13.4, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.05 (dd, J = 16.4, 6.8 Hz, 6H) P205 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 623 ([M + H]+) 8.13-8.03 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.85-7.75 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.47-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.01 (ddt, J = 7.6, 6.7, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 3.97-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.65-2.94 (m, 3H), 2.74-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.28 (dd, J = 6.9, 1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.21-1.07 (m, 6H) P209 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 637 ([M + H]+) 8.11-8.04 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.74 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.43-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 3H), 7.00 (tt, J = 8.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.79-3.54 (m, 1H), 3.27 (dddd, J = 53.3, 13.9, 9.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.02 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.74 (m, 3H) P364 Pink Solid ESIMS m/z 8.56 (s, 1H), 19F NMR 651 ([M + H]+) 8.08 (dd, J = 8.2, 6.4 Hz, (376 MHz, 2H), 7.84-7.76 (m, CDCl3) δ −58.02 2H), 7.39 (dq, J = 7.7, 1.1 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 4H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.67 (ddt, J = 49.5, 13.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.30 (dt, J = 4.4, 0.7 Hz, 3H), 1.80-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.10 (ddd, J = 18.9, 10.4, 6.8 Hz, 6H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P679 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Solid 653 ([M + H]+) 8.13-8.03 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.86-7.72 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.03 7.39 (ddd, J = 8.0, 1.8, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.97 (ddd, J = 8.8, 4.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J = 6.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.49-5.28 (m, 1H), 3.91 (t, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 3H), 3.69-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.02 (dt, J = 13.9, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.57 (h, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (dd, J = 7.1, 1.5 Hz, 3H), 1.16-1.04 (m, 6H) P683 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.55 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 667 ([M + H]+) 8.13-8.02 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.83-7.76 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02 7.42-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.95 (ddd, J = 8.5, 5.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (dd, J = 7.9, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 3.90 (t, J = 1.6 Hz, 2H), 3.79-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.28 (dddd, J = 52.9, 13.9, 9.0, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.81-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.00 (m, 6H), 0.81 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) P1163 Brown ESIMS m/z 8.56 (s, 1H), 19F NMR Foam 655 ([M + H]+) 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), (376 MHz, 7.84-7.77 (m, 2H), CDCl3) δ −58.02, −110.70, −110.72 7.43-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.05 (ddd, J = 9.9, 4.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.89 (m, 2H), 5.29 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.27 (dddd, J = 46.1, 13.9, 9.1, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 2.81-2.50 (m, 2H), 1.67 (ddd, J = 56.8, 15.2, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.18-0.97 (m, 6H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H) aAll 1H NMR data measured in CDCl3 at 400 MHz unless otherwise noted

BAW and CL Rating Table % Control (or Mortality) Rating 50-100 A More than 0-Less than 50 B Not Tested C No activity noticed in this bioassay D

GPA & YFM Rating Table % Control (or Mortality) Rating 80-100 A More than 0-Less than 80 B Not Tested C No activity noticed in this bioassay D

TABLE ABC Biological Results (F) Insect species No. BAW CL GPA YFM F1 A A D C F2 A A B A F3 A A B C F4 A A C C F5 A A A A F5A A A C C F6 A A B A F7 A A B A F8 A A D C F9 A A D A F10 A A B A F11 A A D C F12 A A D C F13 A A D C F14 A A D A F15 A A C C F16 A A C C F17 A A C C F18 A A C C F19 A A C C F20 A A C A F21 A A D A F22 A A D C F23 A A D C F24 A A D C F25 A A D C F26 A A C C F27 A A D C F28 A A D C F29 A A D A F30 A A D C F31 A A D C F32 A A D C F33 A A D C F34 A A D C F35 A C C C

TABLE ABC (P) Biological Results Insect species No. BAW CL GPA YFM P1 A A C C P2, P532 A A C C P3, P1172 A A C C P5 A A C C P6 A A C C P7 A A C C P8, P852 A A C C P14 A A C C P15 A A C C P20 C A C C P26 A A C A P27 A A C A P28 A A D A P29 A A C A P30 A A C A P31 A A C A P33 A A C A P42 A A C A P44 A A D A P45 A A C A P47 A A C A P49 A A C A P50 A A C A P51 A A B A P52 A A D A P53 A A C A P57 A A C A P58 A A C C P59 A A C C P64 A A C C P65 A A C A P66, P353 A A C A P74 A A C C P75 A A C C P76 A A C C P80 A A C C P81 C A C C P83 A A C C P84 A A C C P85 A A C C P87 A A C C P92 A A C C P93, P510 A A C C P94, P197 A A C C P99, P830 A A C C P101 B A C D P102 A A C C P103, P1150 A A C C P105 A A C C P118 A A C C P119 A A C C P120 A A C C P124 A A C C P125 A A C C P127 A A C C P128 A A C C P129 A A C C P131 A A C C P144 A A C A P145, P522 A A D A P146, P208 A A C A P150, P363 A A B A P151, P842 A A C A P152, P1481 D A C A P153 D A C D P154 A A C B P155, P1162 A A C A P156, P682 A A C A P159 A A B A P160 A A C B P170 D A C C P171 A A C C P172 A A C C P176 A A C C P179 D D C C P180 D A C C P181 A A C C P182 A A C C P205 A A C A P209 A C C A P364 A A C C P679 A A C A P683 A C C A P1163 A C C D

TABLE ABC (PC) Biological Results Insect species No. BAW CL GPA YFM PC1 A A C C PC2 C C C C PC3 A A C C PC5 A A C C PC6 C C C C PC7 A A C C PC8 A A C C PC14 C C C C PC15 A A C C PC16 C C C C PC74 A A C C PC75 D C C C PC76 C C C C PC80 C C C C PC81 C C C C PC83 A A C C PC84 C C C C PC85 C C C C PC87 D A C C PC92 A A C C PC93 A A C C PC94 A A C C PC99 A D C C PC101 A A C C PC102 A D C C PC103 B D C C PC105 D D C C PC118 D C C C PC119 A A C C PC120 A A C C PC124 A A C C PC125 A A C C PC127 A A C C PC128 A A C C PC129 A A C C PC131 A A C C PC144 A A C C PC145 A A C C PC146 A A C C PC150 A A C C PC151 A A C C PC152 A A C C PC153 D A D B PC154 A A C C PC155 A A C C PC156 A A C C PC159 A A C C PC160 A A C D PC170 B A C C PC171 B A C C PC172 A A C C PC176 B A C C PC179 B A C C PC180 B D C C PC181 B D C C PC182 D A C C

Claims

1. A molecule having the following formula (“Formula One”)

and tautomers thereof, wherein:
(A) Ar1 is selected from (1) phenyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or (2) substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, or substituted pyrimidinyl, wherein said substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, and substituted pyrimidinyl, have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
(B) Het is a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen, and where Ar1 and Ar2 are not ortho to each other (but may be meta or para, such as, for a five-membered ring they are 1,3 and for a 6-membered ring they are either 1,3 or 1,4) and where said heterocyclic ring may also be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
(C) Ar2 is selected from (1) phenyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or (2) substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, or substituted pyrimidinyl, wherein said substituted phenyl, substituted pyridazinyl, substituted pyridyl, and substituted pyrimidinyl, have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
(D) R1 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), and (C1-C6 alkyl)OC(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
(E) R2 is selected from (J), H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkylphenyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O-phenyl, C(═O)(Het-1), (Het-1), (C1-C6 alkyl)-(Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)OC1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl C(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl-(Het-1), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)(Het-1), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl(N(Rx)(Ry))(C(═O)OH), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkylN(Rx)(Ry), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkylN(Rx)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkylC(═O)N(Rx)C1-C6 alkyl(N(Rx)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl)(C(═O)OH), C1-C6 alkylC(═O)(Het-1)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)(Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl-N(Rx)C(═O)—O—C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)S-(Het-1) or C1-C6 alkyl-O-(Het-1), wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, and (Het-1) are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)OH, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, Si(C1-C6 alkyl)3, S(═O)nNRxRy, or (Het-1);
(F) R3 is selected from phenyl, C1-C6 alkylphenyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O-phenyl, C2-C6 alkenyl-O-phenyl, (Het-1), C1-C6 alkyl(Het-1), or C1-C6 alkyl-O-(Het-1), wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, and (Het-1) are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, NRxRy, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), O(C1-C6 alkyl), S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1);
(G) R4 is selected from (J), H, or C1-C6 alkyl;
(H) Q1 is selected from O or S,
(I) Rx and Ry are independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, O(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), O(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)O(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), and phenyl, wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1), are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)OH, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, halophenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1), or Rx and Ry together can optionally form a 5- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic group which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and where said cyclic group may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, CN, oxo, thioxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenoxy, and (Het-1);
(J) R2 and R4 may be a 1- to 4-membered saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbyl link, which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, and together with Cx(Q1)(Nx) forms a cyclic structure, wherein said hydrocarbyl link may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from R5, R6, and R7, wherein each R5, R6, and R7 is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, C1-C6 alkyl, oxo, thioxo, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenoxy, or (Het-1);
(K) (Het-1) is a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated, heterocyclic ring, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, wherein said heterocyclic ring may also be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl)C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, phenoxy, substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy, wherein such substituted phenyl and substituted phenoxy have one or more substituents independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO2, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkoxy, C3-C6 halocycloalkoxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, S(═O)n(C1-C6 alkyl), S(═O)n(C1-C6 haloalkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)H, C(═O)NRxRy, (C1-C6 alkyl)NRxRy, C(═O)(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 alkyl), C(═O)(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)O(C1-C6 haloalkyl), C(═O)(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)O(C3-C6 cycloalkyl), C(═O)(C2-C6 alkenyl), C(═O)O(C2-C6 alkenyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)O(C1-C6 alkyl), (C1-C6 alkyl)S(C1-C6 alkyl), phenyl, and phenoxy;
(L) L is linker selected from (1) a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, linear (C1-C4)hydrocarbyl linker, or (2) a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, cyclic (C3-C8)hydrocarbyl group linker, wherein each of said linkers connects Ar2 to NY and wherein said substituted linear (C1-C4)hydrocarbyl linker and substituted cyclic (C3-C8)hydrocarbyl linker has one or more substituents independently selected from R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12, wherein each R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12, is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, oxo, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 haloalkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkenyl, C3-C6 halocycloalkyl, or phenyl; and
(M) n is each individually 0, 1, or 2.

2. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein Ar1 is a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents selected from C1-C6 haloalkyl and C1-C6 haloalkoxy.

3. A molecule according to claim 2 wherein Het is selected from benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl cinnolinyl, furanyl, indazolyl, indolyl, imidazolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl.

4. A molecule according to claim 3 wherein Het is 1,2,4 triazolyl.

5. A molecule according to claim 4 wherein Ar2 is phenyl or a substituted phenyl that has one or more substituents selected from C1-C6 alkyl.

6. A molecule according to claim 5 wherein

R1 is H;
R2 is (J), H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-O—C(═O)N(RxRy), or (C1-C6 alkyl)S-(Het-1);
R3 is substituted phenyl wherein said substituted phenyl has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and phenyl;

7. A molecule according to claim 6 wherein R3 is substituted phenyl wherein said substituted phenyl has more than one substituent and at least one pair of said substituents are not ortho to each other.

8. A molecule according to claim 7 wherein R4 is H.

9. A molecule according to claim 8 wherein Q1 is S.

10. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein R2 and R4 is a hydrocarbyl link wherein said hydrocarbyl link is substituted with oxo or C1-C6 alkyl.

11. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein L is CH2CH2, CH2CH(CH3), CH═CH, CH(CH3)CH2, C(CH3)═CH, CH2, CH2CH2CH2, or cyclopropyl.

12. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is selected from one of the following molecules No. Structure F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25 F26 F27 F28 F29 F30 F31 F32 F33 F34 F35

13. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is one of the following

14. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is a molecule selected from No. Structure P1 P2, P532 P3, P1172 P5 P6 P7 P8, P852 P14 P15 P20 P26 P27 P28 P29 P30 P31 P33 P42 P44 P45 P47 P49 P50 P51 P52 P53 P57 P58 P59 P64 P65 P66, P353 P74 P75 P76 P80 P81 P83 P84 P85 P87 P92 P93, P510 P94, P197 P99, P830 P102 P103, P1150 P105 P118 P119 P120 P124 P125 P127 P128 P129 P131 P144 P145, P522 P146, P208 P150, P363 P151, P842 P152, P1481 P153 P154 P155, P1162 P156, P682 P159 P160 P172 P176 P179 P180 P181 P182 P205 P209 P364 P679 P683 P1163

15. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is in the form of a agriculturally acceptable acid addition salt, a salt derivative, a solvate, or an ester derivative.

16. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule has one or more stereoisomers.

17. A molecule according to claim 1 wherein said molecule is in the form of a resolved isomer.

18. A pesticidal composition comprising a molecule according to claim 1 and a carrier.

19. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 further comprising one or more compounds having a mode of action selected from: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists; Sodium channel modulators; Nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) agonists; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators; Chloride channel activators; Juvenile hormone mimics; Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors; Selective homopteran feeding blockers; Mite growth inhibitors; Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes; Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase; Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers; Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0; Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1; Moulting disruptor, Dipteran; Ecdysone receptor agonists; Octopamine receptor agonists; Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors; Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors; Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase; Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors; Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors; and Ryanodine receptor modulators.

20. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 further comprising one or more compounds having acaricidal, algicidal, avicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal, and/or virucidal properties.

21. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 further comprising one or more compounds that are antifeedants, bird repellents, chemosterilants, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, mammal repellents, mating disrupters, plant activators, plant growth regulators, and/or synergists.

22. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 further comprising one or more of the following compounds—(3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-naphthol, 2-(octylthio)ethanol, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,3,6-TBA-dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA-lithium, 2,3,6-TBA-potassium, 2,3,6-TBA-sodium, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-T-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-T-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,5-T-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4,5-TB, 2,4,5-T-butomethyl, 2,4,5-T-butotyl, 2,4,5-T-butyl, 2,4,5-T-isobutyl, 2,4,5-T-isoctyl, 2,4,5-T-isopropyl, 2,4,5-T-methyl, 2,4,5-T-pentyl, 2,4,5-T-sodium, 2,4,5-T-triethylammonium, 2,4,5-T-trolamine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-2-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl, 2,4-D-ammonium, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, 2,4-D-butotyl, 2,4-D-butyl, 2,4-D-diethylammonium, 2,4-D-dimethylammonium, 2,4-D-diolamine, 2,4-D-dodecylammonium, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, 2,4-D-ethyl, 2,4-D-heptylammonium, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isoctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-potassium, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D-tefuryl, 2,4-D-tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D-triethylammonium, 2,4-D-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D-trolamine, 2iP, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 3,4-DA, 3,4-DB, 3,4-DP, 4-aminopyridine, 4-CPA, 4-CPA-diolamine, 4-CPA-potassium, 4-CPA-sodium, 4-CPB, 4-CPP, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, 8-phenylmercurioxyquinoline, abamectin, abscisic acid, ACC, acephate, acequinocyl, acetamiprid, acethion, acetochlor, acetophos, acetoprole, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-methyl, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, acrep, acrinathrin, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acypetacs, acypetacs-copper, acypetacs-zinc, afidopyropen, alachlor, alanycarb, albendazole, aldicarb, aldimorph, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, allicin, allidochlor, allosamidin, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, allyl alcohol, allyxycarb, alorac, alpha-cypermethrin, alpha-endosulfan, ametoctradin, ametridione, ametryn, amibuzin, amicarbazone, amicarthiazol, amidithion, amidoflumet, amidosulfuron, aminocarb, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, aminopyralid-potassium, aminopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, amiprofos-methyl, amiprophos, amisulbrom, amiton, amiton oxalate, amitraz, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ammonium α-naphthaleneacetate, amobam, ampropylfos, anabasine, anabasine sulfate, ancymidol, anilazine, anilofos, anisuron, anthraquinone, antu, apholate, aramite, arsenous oxide, asomate, aspirin, asulam, asulam-potassium, asulam-sodium, athidathion, atraton, atrazine, aureofungin, aviglycine, aviglycine hydrochloride, azaconazole, azadirachtin, azafenidin, azamethiphos, azimsulfuron, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, aziprotryne, azithiram, azobenzene, azocyclotin, azothoate, azoxystrobin, bachmedesh, barban, barium hexafluorosilicate, barium polysulfide, barthrin, BCPC, beflubutamid, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, benazolin, benazolin-dimethylammonium, benazolin-ethyl, benazolin-potassium, bencarbazone, benclothiaz, bendiocarb, benfluralin, benfuracarb, benfuresate, benodanil, benomyl, benoxacor, benoxafos, benquinox, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bensultap, bentaluron, bentazone, bentazone-sodium, benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, benthiazole, bentranil, benzadox, benzadox-ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, benzamacril-isobutyl, benzamorf, benzfendizone, benzipram, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzohydroxamic acid, benzovindiflupyr, benzoximate, benzoylprop, benzoylprop-ethyl, benzthiazuron, benzyl benzoate, benzyladenine, berberine, berberine chloride, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bethoxazin, bicyclopyrone, bifenazate, bifenox, bifenthrin, bifujunzhi, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, binapacryl, bingqingxiao, bioallethrin, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, biphenyl, bisazir, bismerthiazol, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bistrifluoron, bitertanol, bithionol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, borax, Bordeaux mixture, boric acid, boscalid, brassinolide, brassinolide-ethyl, brevicomin, brodifacoum, brofenvalerate, brofluthrinate, bromacil, bromacil-lithium, bromacil-sodium, bromadiolone, bromethalin, bromethrin, bromfenvinfos, bromoacetamide, bromobonil, bromobutide, bromocyclen, bromo-DDT, bromofenoxim, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, bromopropylate, bromothalonil, bromoxynil, bromoxynil butyrate, bromoxynil heptanoate, bromoxynil octanoate, bromoxynil-potassium, brompyrazon, bromuconazole, bronopol, bucarpolate, bufencarb, buminafos, bupirimate, buprofezin, Burgundy mixture, busulfan, butacarb, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butathiofos, butenachlor, butethrin, buthidazole, buthiobate, buthiuron, butocarboxim, butonate, butopyronoxyl, butoxycarboxim, butralin, butroxydim, buturon, butylamine, butylate, cacodylic acid, cadusafos, cafenstrole, calcium arsenate, calcium chlorate, calcium cyanamide, calcium polysulfide, calvinphos, cambendichlor, camphechlor, camphor, captafol, captan, carbamorph, carbanolate, carbaryl, carbasulam, carbendazim, carbendazim benzenesulfonate, carbendazim sulfite, carbetamide, carbofuran, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, carboxazole, carboxide, carboxin, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, carpropamid, cartap, cartap hydrochloride, carvacrol, carvone, CDEA, cellocidin, CEPC, ceralure, Cheshunt mixture, chinomethionat, chitosan, chlobenthiazone, chlomethoxyfen, chloralose, chloramben, chloramben-ammonium, chloramben-diolamine, chloramben-methyl, chloramben-methylammonium, chloramben-sodium, chloramine phosphorus, chloramphenicol, chloraniformethan, chloranil, chloranocryl, chlorantraniliprole, chlorazifop, chlorazifop-propargyl, chlorazine, chlorbenside, chlorbenzuron, chlorbicyclen, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlordane, chlordecone, chlordimeform, chlordimeform hydrochloride, chlorempenthrin, chlorethoxyfos, chloreturon, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-ammonium, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenazole, chlorfenethol, chlorfenprop, chlorfenson, chlorfensulphide, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlorflurazole, chlorfluren, chlorfluren-methyl, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormephos, chlormequat, chlormequat chloride, chlornidine, chlornitrofen, chlorobenzilate, chlorodinitronaphthalenes, chloroform, chloromebuform, chloromethiuron, chloroneb, chlorophacinone, chlorophacinone-sodium, chloropicrin, chloropon, chloropropylate, chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chloroxynil, chlorphonium, chlorphonium chloride, chlorphoxim, chlorprazophos, chlorprocarb, chlorpropham, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorquinox, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, chlorthiamid, chlorthiophos, chlozolinate, choline chloride, chromafenozide, cinerin I, cinerin II, cinerins, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, ciobutide, cisanilide, cismethrin, clacyfos, clethodim, climbazole, cliodinate, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, cloethocarb, clofencet, clofencet-potassium, clofentezine, clofibric acid, clofop, clofop-isobutyl, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, cloproxydim, clopyralid, clopyralid-methyl, clopyralid-olamine, clopyralid-potassium, clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, closantel, clothianidin, clotrimazole, cloxyfonac, cloxyfonac-sodium, CMA, codlelure, colophonate, copper acetate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, basic, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oleate, copper oxychloride, copper silicate, copper sulfate, copper zinc chromate, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumaphos, coumatetralyl, coumithoate, coumoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, CPMC, CPMF, CPPC, credazine, cresol, crimidine, crotamiton, crotoxyphos, crufomate, cryolite, cue-lure, cufraneb, cumyluron, cuprobam, cuprous oxide, curcumenol, cyanamide, cyanatryn, cyanazine, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, cyanthoate, cyantraniliprole, cyazofamid, cybutryne, cyclafuramid, cyclanilide, cyclethrin, cycloate, cycloheximide, cycloprate, cycloprothrin, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyenopyrafen, cyflufenamid, cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cymiazole, cymiazole hydrochloride, cymoxanil, cyometrinil, cypendazole, cypermethrin, cyperquat, cyperquat chloride, cyphenothrin, cyprazine, cyprazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, cypromid, cyprosulfamide, cyromazine, cythioate, daimuron, dalapon, dalapon-calcium, dalapon-magnesium, dalapon-sodium, daminozide, dayoutong, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, DBCP, d-camphor, DCIP, DCPTA, DDT, debacarb, decafentin, decarbofuran, dehydroacetic acid, delachlor, deltamethrin, demephion, demephion-O, demephion-S, demeton, demeton-methyl, demeton-O, demeton-O-methyl, demeton-S, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, desmedipham, desmetryn, d-fanshiluquebingjuzhi, diafenthiuron, dialifos, di-allate, diamidafos, diatomaceous earth, diazinon, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl succinate, dicamba, dicamba-diglycolamine, dicamba-dimethylammonium, dicamba-diolamine, dicamba-isopropylammonium, dicamba-methyl, dicamba-olamine, dicamba-potassium, dicamba-sodium, dicamba-trolamine, dicapthon, dichlobenil, dichlofenthion, dichlofluanid, dichlone, dichloralurea, dichlorbenzuron, dichlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol-methyl, dichlormate, dichlormid, dichlorophen, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-P-potassium, dichlorprop-P-sodium, dichlorprop-sodium, dichlorvos, dichlozoline, diclobutrazol, diclocymet, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclomezine, diclomezine-sodium, dicloran, diclosulam, dicofol, dicoumarol, dicresyl, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, dicyclonon, dieldrin, dienochlor, diethamquat, diethamquat dichloride, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, diethofencarb, dietholate, diethyl pyrocarbonate, diethyltoluamide, difenacoum, difenoconazole, difenopenten, difenopenten-ethyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, difenzoquat metilsulfate, difethialone, diflovidazin, diflubenzuron, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, diflumetorim, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, dilor, dimatif, dimefluthrin, dimefox, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimetachlone, dimetan, dimethacarb, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimethirimol, dimethoate, dimethomorph, dimethrin, dimethyl carbate, dimethyl phthalate, dimethylvinphos, dimetilan, dimexano, dimidazon, dimoxystrobin, dinex, dinex-diclexine, dingjunezuo, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinitramine, dinobuton, dinocap, dinocap-4, dinocap-6, dinocton, dinofenate, dinopenton, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoseb-ammonium, dinoseb-diolamine, dinoseb-sodium, dinoseb-trolamine, dinosulfon, dinotefuran, dinoterb, dinoterb acetate, dinoterbon, diofenolan, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarb, dioxathion, diphacinone, diphacinone-sodium, diphenamid, diphenyl sulfone, diphenylamine, dipropalin, dipropetryn, dipyrithione, diquat, diquat dibromide, disparlure, disul, disulfuram, disulfoton, disul-sodium, ditalimfos, dithianon, dithicrofos, dithioether, dithiopyr, diuron, d-limonene, DMPA, DNOC, DNOC-ammonium, DNOC-potassium, DNOC-sodium, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, dodemorph benzoate, dodicin, dodicin hydrochloride, dodicin-sodium, dodine, dofenapyn, dominicalure, doramectin, drazoxolon, DSMA, dufulin, EBEP, EBP, ecdysterone, edifenphos, eglinazine, eglinazine-ethyl, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, EMPC, empenthrin, endosulfan, endothal, endothal-diammonium, endothal-dipotassium, endothal-disodium, endothion, endrin, enestroburin, enoxastrobin, EPN, epocholeone, epofenonane, epoxiconazole, eprinomectin, epronaz, EPTC, erbon, ergocalciferol, erlujixiancaoan, esdépalléthrine, esfenvalerate, esprocarb, etacelasil, etaconazole, etaphos, etem, ethaboxam, ethachlor, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethaprochlor, ethephon, ethidimuron, ethiofencarb, ethiolate, ethion, ethiozin, ethiprole, ethirimol, ethoate-methyl, ethofumesate, ethohexadiol, ethoprophos, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxyquin, ethoxysulfuron, ethychlozate, ethyl formate, ethyl α-naphthaleneacetate, ethyl-DDD, ethylene, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, ethylicin, ethylmercury 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercaptide, ethylmercury acetate, ethylmercury bromide, ethylmercury chloride, ethylmercury phosphate, etinofen, etnipromid, etobenzanid, etofenprox, etoxazole, etridiazole, etrimfos, eugenol, EXD, famoxadone, famphur, fenamidone, fenaminosulf, fenaminstrobin, fenamiphos, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenasulam, fenazaflor, fenazaquin, fenbuconazole, fenbutatin oxide, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenchlorphos, fenclorim, fenethacarb, fenfluthrin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenitropan, fenitrothion, fenjuntong, fenobucarb, fenoprop, fenoprop-3-butoxypropyl, fenoprop-butomethyl, fenoprop-butotyl, fenoprop-butyl, fenoprop-isoctyl, fenoprop-methyl, fenoprop-potassium, fenothiocarb, fenoxacrim, fenoxanil, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenoxycarb, fenpiclonil, fenpirithrin, fenpropathrin, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fenpyroximate, fenridazon, fenridazon-potassium, fenridazon-propyl, fenson, fensulfothion, fenteracol, fenthiaprop, fenthiaprop-ethyl, fenthion, fenthion-ethyl, fentin, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, fentrazamide, fentrifanil, fenuron, fenuron TCA, fenvalerate, ferbam, ferimzone, ferrous sulfate, fipronil, flamprop, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-M, flamprop-methyl, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, flocoumafen, flometoquin, flonicamid, florasulam, fluacrypyrim, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-methyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazinam, fluazolate, fluazuron, flubendiamide, flubenzimine, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flucofuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, fludioxonil, fluenetil, fluensulfone, flufenacet, flufenerim, flufenican, flufenoxuron, flufenoxystrobin, flufenprox, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flufiprole, flumethrin, flumetover, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumezin, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flumorph, fluometuron, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluorbenside, fluoridamid, fluoroacetamide, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, fluoroimide, fluoromidine, fluoronitrofen, fluothiuron, fluotrimazole, fluoxastrobin, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropadine, flupropanate, flupropanate-sodium, flupyradifurone, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluquinconazole, flurazole, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, fluridone, fluorochloridone, fluoroxypyr, fluoroxypyr-butomethyl, fluoroxypyr-meptyl, flurprimidol, flursulamid, flurtamone, flusilazole, flusulfamide, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluvalinate, fluxapyroxad, fluxofenim, folpet, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, fonofos, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, formaldehyde, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, formothion, formparanate, formparanate hydrochloride, fosamine, fosamine-ammonium, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, fosmethilan, fospirate, fosthiazate, fosthietan, frontalin, fuberidazole, fucaojing, fucaomi, funaihecaoling, fuphenthiourea, furalane, furalaxyl, furamethrin, furametpyr, furathiocarb, furcarbanil, furconazole, furconazole-cis, furethrin, furfural, furilazole, furmecyclox, furophanate, furyloxyfen, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, genit, gibberellic acid, gibberellins, gliftor, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyodin, glyoxime, glyphosate, glyphosate-diammonium, glyphosate-dimethylammonium, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, glyphosate-monoammonium, glyphosate-potassium, glyphosate-sesquisodium, glyphosate-trimesium, glyphosine, gossyplure, grandlure, griseofulvin, guazatine, guazatine acetates, halacrinate, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl, halfenprox, halofenozide, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxydine, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-etotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-sodium, HCH, hemel, hempa, HEOD, heptachlor, heptafluthrin, heptenophos, heptopargil, herbimycin, heterophos, hexachloroacetone, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutadiene, hexachlorophene, hexaconazole, hexaflumuron, hexaflurate, hexylure, hexamide, hexazinone, hexylthiofos, hexythiazox, HHDN, holosulf, huancaiwo, huangcaoling, huanjunzuo, hydramethylnon, hydrargaphen, hydrated lime, hydrogen cyanide, hydroprene, hymexazol, hyquincarb, IAA, IBA, icaridin, imazalil, imazalil nitrate, imazalil sulfate, imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazaquin-methyl, imazaquin-sodium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, imibenconazole, imicyafos, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine trialbesilate, imiprothrin, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indoxacarb, inezin, iodobonil, iodocarb, iodomethane, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil octanoate, ioxynil-lithium, ioxynil-sodium, ipazine, ipconazole, ipfencarbazone, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, iprymidam, ipsdienol, ipsenol, IPSP, isamidofos, isazofos, isobenzan, isocarbamid, isocarbophos, isocil, isodrin, isofenphos, isofenphos-methyl, isofetamid, isolan, isomethiozin, isonoruron, isopolinate, isoprocarb, isopropalin, isoprothiolane, isoproturon, isopyrazam, isopyrimol, isothioate, isotianil, isouron, isovaledione, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, isoxathion, ivermectin, izopamfos, japonilure, japothrins, jasmolin I, jasmolin II, jasmonic acid, jiahuangchongzong, jiajizengxiaolin, jiaxiangjunzhi, jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, jodfenphos, juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone II, juvenile hormone III, kadethrin, karbutilate, karetazan, karetazan-potassium, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride, kejunlin, kelevan, ketospiradox, ketospiradox-potassium, kinetin, kinoprene, kresoxim-methyl, kuicaoxi, lactofen, lambda-cyhalothrin, latilure, lead arsenate, lenacil, lepimectin, leptophos, lindane, lineatin, linuron, lirimfos, litlure, looplure, lufenuron, lvdingjunzhi, lvxiancaolin, lythidathion, MAA, malathion, maleic hydrazide, malonoben, maltodextrin, MAMA, mancopper, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, matrine, mazidox, MCPA, MCPA-2-ethylhexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-potassium, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPA-trolamine, MCPB, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mebenil, mecarbam, mecarbinzid, mecarphon, mecoprop, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-isobutyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-P-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, medimeform, medinoterb, medinoterb acetate, medlure, mefenacet, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-diethyl, mefluidide, mefluidide-diolamine, mefluidide-potassium, megatomoic acid, menazon, mepanipyrim, meperfluthrin, mephenate, mephosfolan, mepiquat, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, mepronil, meptyldinocap, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, mercurous chloride, merphos, mesoprazine, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, mesulfen, mesulfenfos, metaflumizone, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metaldehyde, metam, metam-ammonium, metamifop, metamitron, metam-potassium, metam-sodium, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, metazoxolon, metconazole, metepa, metflurazon, methabenzthiazuron, methacrifos, methalpropalin, methamidophos, methasulfocarb, methazole, methfuroxam, methidathion, methiobencarb, methiocarb, methiopyrisulfuron, methiotepa, methiozolin, methiuron, methocrotophos, methometon, methomyl, methoprene, methoprotryne, methoquin-butyl, methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, methoxyphenone, methyl apholate, methyl bromide, methyl eugenol, methyl iodide, methyl isothiocyanate, methylacetophos, methylchloroform, methyldymron, methylene chloride, methylmercury benzoate, methylmercury dicyandiamide, methylmercury pentachlorophenoxide, methylneodecanamide, metiram, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metofluthrin, metolachlor, metolcarb, metominostrobin, metosulam, metoxadiazone, metoxuron, metrafenone, metribuzin, metsulfovax, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, mevinphos, mexacarbate, mieshuan, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, milneb, mipafox, mirex, MNAF, moguchun, molinate, molosultap, monalide, monisouron, monochloroacetic acid, monocrotophos, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, monuron, monuron TCA, morfamquat, morfamquat dichloride, moroxydine, moroxydine hydrochloride, morphothion, morzid, moxidectin, MSMA, muscalure, myclobutanil, myclozolin, N-(ethylmercury)-p-toluenesulphonanilide, nabam, naftalofos, naled, naphthalene, naphthaleneacetamide, naphthalic anhydride, naphthoxyacetic acids, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, naptalam-sodium, natamycin, neburon, niclosamide, niclosamide-olamine, nicosulfuron, nicotine, nifluridide, nipyraclofen, nitenpyram, nithiazine, nitralin, nitrapyrin, nitrilacarb, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, nitrostyrene, nitrothal-isopropyl, norbormide, norflurazon, nornicotine, noruron, novaluron, noviflumuron, nuarimol, OCH, octachlorodipropyl ether, octhilinone, ofurace, omethoate, orbencarb, orfralure, ortho-dichlorobenzene, orthosulfamuron, oryctalure, orysastrobin, oryzalin, osthol, ostramone, oxabetrinil, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxadixyl, oxamate, oxamyl, oxapyrazon, oxapyrazon-dimolamine, oxapyrazon-sodium, oxasulfuron, oxathiapiprolin, oxaziclomefone, oxine-copper, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxpoconazole fumarate, oxycarboxin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxydeprofos, oxydisulfoton, oxyfluorfen, oxymatrine, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, paclobutrazol, paichongding, para-dichlorobenzene, parafluoron, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, paraquat dimetilsulfate, parathion, parathion-methyl, parinol, pebulate, pefurazoate, pelargonic acid, penconazole, pencycuron, pendimethalin, penflufen, penfluoron, penoxsulam, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, pentanochlor, penthiopyrad, pentmethrin, pentoxazone, perfluidone, permethrin, pethoxamid, phenamacril, phenazine oxide, phenisopham, phenkapton, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, phenobenzuron, phenothrin, phenproxide, phenthoate, phenylmercuriurea, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury chloride, phenylmercury derivative of pyrocatechol, phenylmercury nitrate, phenylmercury salicylate, phorate, phosacetim, phosalone, phosdiphen, phosfolan, phosfolan-methyl, phosglycin, phosmet, phosnichlor, phosphamidon, phosphine, phosphocarb, phosphorus, phostin, phoxim, phoxim-methyl, phthalide, picloram, picloram-2-ethylhexyl, picloram-isoctyl, picloram-methyl, picloram-olamine, picloram-potassium, picloram-triethylammonium, picloram-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, picolinafen, picoxystrobin, pindone, pindone-sodium, pinoxaden, piperalin, piperonyl butoxide, piperonyl cyclonene, piperophos, piproctanyl, piproctanyl bromide, piprotal, pirimetaphos, pirimicarb, pirimioxyphos, pirimiphos-ethyl, pirimiphos-methyl, plifenate, polycarbamate, polyoxins, polyoxorim, polyoxorim-zinc, polythialan, potassium arsenite, potassium azide, potassium cyanate, potassium gibberellate, potassium naphthenate, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiocyanate, potassium α-naphthaleneacetate, pp′-DDT, prallethrin, precocene I, precocene II, precocene III, pretilachlor, primidophos, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, prochloraz, prochloraz-manganese, proclonol, procyazine, procymidone, prodiamine, profenofos, profluazol, profluralin, profluthrin, profoxydim, proglinazine, proglinazine-ethyl, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmon, promacyl, promecarb, prometon, prometryn, promurit, propachlor, propamidine, propamidine dihydrochloride, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, propanil, propaphos, propaquizafop, propargite, proparthrin, propazine, propetamphos, propham, propiconazole, propineb, propisochlor, propoxur, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyl isome, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, proquinazid, prosuler, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prothidathion, prothiocarb, prothiocarb hydrochloride, prothioconazole, prothiofos, prothoate, protrifenbute, proxan, proxan-sodium, prynachlor, pydanon, pyflubumide, pymetrozine, pyracarbolid, pyraclofos, pyraclonil, pyraclostrobin, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrafluprole, pyramat, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate, pyrazophos, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazothion, pyrazoxyfen, pyresmethrin, pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, pyrethrins, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribencarb, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyriclor, pyridaben, pyridafol, pyridalyl, pyridaphenthion, pyridate, pyridinitril, pyrifenox, pyrifluquinazon, pyriftalid, pyrimethanil, pyrimidifen, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyriminostrobin, pyrimisulfan, pyrimitate, pyrinuron, pyriofenone, pyriprole, pyripropanol, pyriproxyfen, pyrisoxazole, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyrolan, pyroquilon, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, pyroxychlor, pyroxyfur, quassia, quinacetol, quinacetol sulfate, quinalphos, quinalphos-methyl, quinazamid, quinclorac, quinconazole, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quinonamid, quinothion, quinoxyfen, quintiofos, quintozene, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, quwenzhi, quyingding, rabenzazole, rafoxanide, rebemide, rescalure, resmethrin, rhodethanil, rhodojaponin-III, ribavirin, rimsulfuron, rotenone, ryania, saflufenacil, saijunmao, saisentong, salicylanilide, sanguinarine, santonin, schradan, scilliroside, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, sedaxane, selamectin, semiamitraz, semiamitraz chloride, sesamex, sesamolin, sethoxydim, shuangjiaancaolin, siduron, siglure, silafluofen, silatrane, silica gel, silthiofam, simazine, simeconazole, simeton, simetryn, sintofen, SMA, S-metolachlor, sodium arsenite, sodium azide, sodium chlorate, sodium fluoride, sodium fluoroacetate, sodium hexafluorosilicate, sodium naphthenate, sodium orthophenylphenoxide, sodium pentachlorophenoxide, sodium polysulfide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium α-naphthaleneacetate, sophamide, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiroxamine, streptomycin, streptomycin sesquisulfate, strychnine, sulcatol, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulcotrione, sulfallate, sulfentrazone, sulfuram, sulfluramid, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, sulfoxide, sulfoxime, sulfur, sulfuric acid, sulfuryl fluoride, sulglycapin, sulprofos, sultropen, swep, tau-fluvalinate, tavron, tazimcarb, TCA, TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium, TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, TDE, tebuconazole, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebufloquin, tebupirimfos, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecloftalam, tecnazene, tecoram, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, temephos, tepa, TEPP, tepraloxydim, terallethrin, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbufos, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetcyclacis, tetrachloroethane, tetrachlorvinphos, tetraconazole, tetradifon, tetrafluoron, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramine, tetranactin, tetrasul, thallium sulfate, thenylchlor, theta-cypermethrin, thiabendazole, thiacloprid, thiadifluor, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiazafluoron, thiazopyr, thicrofos, thicyofen, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thifluzamide, thiobencarb, thiocarboxime, thiochlorfenphim, thiocyclam, thiocyclam hydrochloride, thiocyclam oxalate, thiodiazole-copper, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiofluoximate, thiohempa, thiomersal, thiometon, thionazin, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thioquinox, thiosemicarbazide, thiosultap, thiosultap-diammonium, thiosultap-disodium, thiosultap-monosodium, thiotepa, thiram, thuringiensin, tiadinil, tiaojiean, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tioxymid, tirpate, tolclofos-methyl, tolfenpyrad, tolprocarb, tolylfluanid, tolylmercury acetate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, tralocythrin, tralomethrin, tralopyril, transfluthrin, transpermethrin, tretamine, triacontanol, triadimefon, triadimenol, triafamone, tri-allate, triamiphos, triapenthenol, triarathene, triarimol, triasulfuron, triazamate, triazbutil, triaziflam, triazophos, triazoxide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, tributyltin oxide, tricamba, trichlamide, trichlorfon, trichlormetaphos-3, trichloronat, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyricarb, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tricyclazole, tridemorph, tridiphane, trietazine, trifenmorph, trifenofos, trifloxystrobin, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, triflumizole, triflumuron, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trifop, trifop-methyl, trifopsime, triforine, trihydroxytriazine, trimedlure, trimethacarb, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, triprene, tripropindan, triptolide, tritac, triticonazole, tritosulfuron, trunc-call, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, urbacide, uredepa, valerate, validamycin, valifenalate, valone, vamidothion, vangard, vaniliprole, vernolate, vinclozolin, warfarin, warfarin-potassium, warfarin-sodium, xiaochongliulin, xinjunan, xiwojunan, XMC, xylachlor, xylenols, xylylcarb, yishijing, zarilamid, zeatin, zengxiaoan, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc naphthenate, zinc phosphide, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, zolaprofos, zoxamide, zuomihuanglong, α-chlorohydrin, α-ecdysone, α-multistriatin, and α-naphthaleneacetic acid.

23. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 further comprising one or more biopesticides.

24. A pesticidal composition according to claim 18 in the form of a seed dressing.

25. A process comprising: applying a molecule according to claim 1 to a locus to control a pest, in an amount sufficient to control such pest.

26. A process according to claim 25 wherein said pest is selected from ants, aphids, beetles, bristletails, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, fleas, flies, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, lice, locusts, mites, moths, nematodes, scales, symphylans, termites, thrips, ticks, wasps, and whiteflies.

27. A process according to claim 25 wherein said locus is

(a) where crops, trees, fruits, cereals, fodder species, vines, turf, and/or ornamental plants, are growing;
(b) where domesticated animals are residing;
(c) the interior or exterior surfaces of buildings (such as places where grains are stored);
(d) the materials of construction used in buildings (such as impregnated wood); and/or
(e) the soil around buildings.

28. A process according to claim 25 wherein said locus has one or more of the following growing apples, corn, sunflowers, cotton, soybeans, canola, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley, oats, potatoes, oranges, alfalfa, lettuce, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, crucifers, pears, tobacco, almonds, sugar beets, and beans.

29. A composition according to claim 18 further comprising a seed.

30. An intermediate having the following formula No. Structure C13 C1b C14 C8 C6 C7 C15a C16 C15 C4 C3 C5 C53 C52 C24 C19 C20 C40 C41 C37 C30 C32 C31 C33 C34a C38 C39 C17 C18 C22 C36 C26 C27 C28 C50 C55 C43 C44 C46 C47 C45 C58 C59 C60 C61 CA1 CA2 CA3 CA4 CA5 CA6 CA7 CA8 CA9 CA10 CA11 CA12 CA13 CA14 CA15 CA16 CA17 CA18 CA19 CA20 CA21 CA22 CA23 CA24 CA25 CA26 CA33 CA35 CA36 CA37 CA38 CA40 CA41 CA42 CA44 CA45 CA48 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC5 PC6 PC7 PC8 PC14 PC15 PC16 PC74 PC75 PC76 PC80 PC81 PC83 PC84 PC85 PC87 PC92 PC93 PC94 PC99 PC101 PC102 PC103 PC105 PC118 PC119 PC120 PC124 PC125 PC127 PC128 PC129 PC131 PC144 PC145 PC146 PC150 PC151 PC152 PC153 PC154 PC155 PC156 PC159 PC160 PC170 PC171 PC172 PC176 PC179 PC180 PC181 PC182

31. A process comprising reacting an isocyanate, Ar1-Het-Ar2-L-NCO (1-2), with an N-aryl thiourea (2-1) to produce a thiobiuret (2-2, Scheme 2)

32. A process comprising reacting a Thiobiuret (2-2) as in Scheme 3 with

(a) an α-halo ester to form 2-imino 1,3-thiazolin-4-ones (3-1, step a);
(b) vicinal dihalides to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazolines (3-2, step b);
(c) α-halo ketones to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazoles (3-3, step c); or
(d) 1,3-dihalopropane to form 2-imino-1,3-thiazinanes (3-4, step d);

33. A process comprising reacting 3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (4-2) with an aryl halide (4.3) (R is C1-C6 haloalkoxy) to form 1-aryl-3-(4-bromophenyl)triazole

34. A process comprising reacting (Z)-1-(3-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)-3-(4-(1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenethyl)urea with and acid to form a salt.

Patent History
Publication number: 20140274688
Type: Application
Filed: Mar 13, 2014
Publication Date: Sep 18, 2014
Applicant: DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC (Indianapolis, IN)
Inventors: Lindsey G. Fischer (Indianapolis, IN), Erich W. Baum (Greenwood, IN), Gary D. Crouse (Noblesville, IN), Carl DeAmicis (Indianapolis, IN), Beth Lorsbach (Indianapolis, IN), Jeff Petkus (Indianapolis, IN), Thomas C. Sparks (Greenfield, IN), Gregory T. Whiteker (Carmel, IN)
Application Number: 14/208,457
Classifications
Current U.S. Class: Seed Coated With Agricultural Chemicals Other Than Fertilizers (504/100); Having -c(=x)-, Wherein X Is Chalcogen, Bonded Directly To Nitrogen (548/185); Chalcogen Bonded Directly To Ring Carbon Of The Thiazole Ring (514/369); Carbon In The Ring (558/288); Chalcogen Or Additional Nitrogen Bonded Directly To The -c(=x)- Group (548/196); C=x Bonded Directly To The Nitrogen Which Is Bonded Directly To The Thiazole Ring (x Is Chalcogen) (514/371); Additional Hetero Ring Containing (544/55); Chalcogen Or Nitrogen Bonded Directly To Ring Carbon Of The Six-membered Hetero Ring (514/227.2); Having -c(=x)-, Wherein X Is Chalcogen, Bonded Directly To The Nitrogen (548/267.6); 1,2,4-triazoles (including Hydrogenated) (514/383); Benzene Ring Bonded Directly To The Triazole Ring (548/269.4); Nitrogen Attached Indirectly To The Triazole Ring By Acyclic Nonionic Bonding (548/267.2); Plural Chalcogens Attached Indirectly To The Triazole Ring By Acyclic Nonionic Bonding (548/268.6); Chalcogen Attached Indirectly To The Triaole Ring By Acyclic Nonionic Bonding (548/267.8); Antidotes (e.g., Safeners, Antagonists, Etc.) (504/103); Heavy Metal Or Aluminum Containing (504/190); Halogenated Hydrocarbons (504/356); Hydrocarbons (504/357); Benzene Ring Containing (504/354); Sulfur, Selenium, Or Tellurium Compound (e.g., Thioalcohols, Mercaptans, Etc.) (504/349); The Benzene Ring Is Bonded Directly To The Carbon Of A -c(=o)o- Group (e.g., Benzoic Acids, Etc.) (504/324); Quaternary Ammonium Containing (504/345); Nitrogen, Other Than As Nitro Or Nitroso, Or -c(=x)-, Wherein X Is Chalcogen, Bonded Directly To Ring Carbon Of The Six-membered Hetero Ring (504/260); Containing -c(=x)x-, Wherein The Xs Are The Same Or Diverse Chalcogens (e.g., N-phosphonomethylglycines, Etc.) (504/206); Phosphorus Containing Wherein The Phosphorus Is Other Than Solely As Part Of An Inorganic Ion In An Addition Salt (504/194); Hetero Ring Containing (504/195); Quinolines Or Isoquinolines (including Hydrogenated) (504/247); Inorganic Active Ingredient Which Contains Boron, Silicon, Phosphorus, Heavy Metal, Or Aluminum (504/187); Additional Hetero Ring Containing (504/219); 1,3-oxazoles (including Hydrogenated) (504/270)
International Classification: A01N 47/36 (20060101); A01N 47/34 (20060101); A01N 25/00 (20060101); A01N 47/12 (20060101); A01N 53/00 (20060101); A01N 25/32 (20060101); A01N 55/08 (20060101); A01N 43/653 (20060101);