Abstract: A system for directly printing a variety of chemicals, including very large molecules on the substrate, includes a channel of nanometric dimension movable with respect to a substrate on which printing is to occur or a substrate movable with respect to the channel. Precision contact of the end aperture, or tip, of the channel with the surface deposits the chemical on the surface. Precision contact can be made by normal force atomic force microscopy or by other techniques that allow controlled contact or near contact with the surface on which the chemical is to be written with fine precision. Multiple channels with multiple orifices may be provided. The channel is connected to a suitable separation device such as a high performance liquid chromatograph and the chemicals are delivered through a probe orifice onto a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to enzymatic activity involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis as well as to inhibitors, notably herbicides, for enzymes in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids. More specifically, the present invention relates to screening methods for detecting such inhibitors, and to enzymatically active proteins for performing said methods as well as purified isolated DNA coding for such proteins. Moreover, the present invention relates to novel inhibitors detectable by said screening methods as well as compositions and processes for inhibiting the synthesis of isoprenoids and for controlling the growth of organisms based on said inhibitors. The invention relates also to the development of inhibitor-resistant plant enzymes and plants, plant tissues, plant seeds and plant cells.

Abstract: A high-density high-throughput microplate and methods for simultaneously screening a plurality of protein crystallization solutions and for producing diffraction quality protein crystals in a vapor-diffusion environment are disclosed. The microplate has defined side-by-side paired chambers of equal size, wherein the side-by-side paired chambers have a maximum volume of about 8 ?l, and wherein the paired chambers have a vapor channel, therein providing vapor exchange between the side-by-side paired chambers. The microplate further includes a membrane to seal the surface of the microplate. The microplate is adapted to receive a crystallization solution in one of the side-by-side paired chambers and a protein solution in the other of the side-by-side paired chambers, wherein the protein solution and the crystallization solution interact via a vapor diffusion process, which enables the formation of protein crystals within the chamber that contains the protein solution.

Abstract: A variety of applications, systems, methods and constructs are implemented for use in connection with screening of ion-channel modulators. Consistent with one such system, drug candidates are screened to identify their effects on cell membrane ion channels and pumps. The system includes screening cells having light responsive membrane ion switches, voltage-gated ion switches and fluorescence producing voltage sensors. A chemical delivery device introduces the drug candidates to be screened. An optical delivery device activates the light responsive ion switches. An optical sensor monitors fluorescence produced by the voltage sensors. A processor processes data received from the optical sensor. A memory stores the data received from the optical sensor.

Abstract: A spectroscopic technique for high-sensitivity, label free DNA quantification uses a shift in an optical resonance (whispering gallery mode, WGM) excited in a micron-sized optical cavity (e.g., a silica sphere) to detect and measure nucleic acids. The surface of the silica sphere is chemically modified with oligonucleotides. Hybridization to the target DNA leads to a red-shift of the optical resonance wavelength. The sensitivity of this resonance technique is higher than most optical single-pass devices such as surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Each microsphere can be identified by its unique resonance wavelength. Specific, multiplexed DNA detection may be provided by using two or more microspheres. The multiplexed signal from two or more microspheres illustrates that a single nucleotide mismatch in an 11-mer oligonucleotide can be discriminated with a high signal-to-noise of 54.

Abstract: To provide a DNA micro-array having a nucleic acid probe immobilized on a substrate, which is used to detect a molecule of a target nucleic acid contained in a sample and has a substantially complementary base sequence to the target base sequence of the nucleic acid molecule, including at least one probe selected from the group consisting of: at least one internal standard probe for assay of PCR of the target nucleic acid; at least one external standard probe for a detection operation and assay of an amount of the probe; and a probe for measurement of the amount or density of the nucleic acid probe, formed by the same method as the nucleic acid probe.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in vitro assay for evaluating cellular activity, in which a culture is provided that contains one or more histologically different isolated mammalian cell-line that stably and constitutively express fluorescent proteins having a different emission spectra. The culture is assessed for cellular activity by quantifying fluorescence or detecting a pattern of fluorescence from fluorescent proteins present in the culture. In some embodiments, the cellular activity of the cell-lines is assessed by determining one or more of the growth rate, migration potential, or tubule formation potential of the cell-lines using the quantified fluorescence or pattern of fluorescence. Also disclosed are cell-lines have been stably transfected with mammalian expression plasmids that constitutively express different fluorescent proteins. Kits for performing the disclosed assays, which include the disclosed fluorescent cell-lines, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention details the design and operation of a miniaturized device array in which a range of simultaneous mechanical forces are produced by a single external pressure source. The invention is primarily embodied in a microfabricated device arrays designed to rapidly probe biological cell response to various combinations of mechanical, chemical and extra-cellular matrix parameters in a high-throughput fashion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for the detection of analytes. In particular, the invention relates to methods for the qualitative and/or quantitative detection of analytes, comprising a microarray on a substrate, onto which probe molecules are immobilized on array elements, said microarray being disposed on a first surface of the device; and a detection chamber formed between the first surface including the microarray disposed thereon and a second surface, wherein the distance between the microarray and the second surface is variable, and wherein the second surface has a displacement structure.

Abstract: The invention provides method for metallic nanonstructures self-assembly methods and materials testing. Preferred embodiment methods permit for the formation of individual nanonstructures and arrays of nanostructrues. The nanostructures formed can have a metal alloy crystal structure. Example structures include slender wires, rectangular bars, or plate-like structures. Tips can be shaped, single layer and multiple layer coatings can be formed, tips can be functionalized, molecules can be adhered, and many testing methods are enabled.

Abstract: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) systems and methods for detecting biomolecules of interest, such as a bacterium or virus are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for the quantitative detection of molecules in an array. In particular, the present invention relates to methods and apparatuses for producing a frameless array. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a composition comprising nitrocellulose that is useful of producing a frameless array. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for detecting a molecular interaction. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to kits useful for practicing the methods and apparatuses of the present invention. The present invention provides improved methods and apparatuses for the high throughput analysis of molecular interactions and quantitative detection.

Abstract: Characteristics of a chemical or biological sample are detected using an approach involving light detection. According to an example embodiment of the present invention, an assaying arrangement including a light detector is adapted to detect light from a sample, such as a biological material. A signal corresponding to the detected light is used to characterize the sample, for example, by detecting a light-related property thereof. In one implementation, the assaying arrangement includes integrated circuitry having a light detector and a programmable processor, with the light detector generating a signal corresponding to the light and sending the signal to the processor. The processor provides an output corresponding to the signal and indicative of a characteristic of the sample.

Abstract: The present invention is a cell-based method of identifying a set of signal transduction proteins having an intracellular localization pattern responsive to toxic compounds. The method requires identifying and screening an initial set of signal transduction proteins against a set of toxic compounds, and determining changes in intracellular localization pattern of each of the proteins. Proteins whose changes in intracellular localization pattern are redundant are discarded from the initial set, and new proteins are added to provide a new set of proteins. I repeat the method steps with new sets of proteins until the set of proteins provides me at least 5 principal components with respect to the range of compounds marketed as small organic molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to variable embodiments of a grating waveguide structure which enables to determine locally resolved changes of the resonance conditions for the incoupling of an excitation light into the waveguiding layer (a) of a stratified optical waveguide by means of a grating structure (c) modulated in said layer (a) or for outcoupling of a light guided in layer (a). The inventive system comprises arrays of measurement areas produced on the grating waveguide structure having different immobilized biological or biochemical or synthetic recognition elements for simultaneously binding and determining one or more analytes, wherein said excitation light is simultaneously irradiated onto an entire array of measurement areas, and the degree of satisfaction of the resonance condition for the incoupling of light into the layer (a) towards said measurement areas is simultaneously measured.

Abstract: A method of controlling a system having a microfluidic channel structure in which fluids are able to interact to produce at least one product comprises the steps of: i) providing an automated closed-loop control mechanism to autonomously control at least two conditions in, or of, the channel structures, the control mechanism having:— a sensor for sensing at least one predetermined property of the at least one product, means for varying said conditions, and a controller programmed with an algorithm; ii) setting a range of variation for each of the conditions; iii) setting a stop condition for the algorithm; and iv) loading the system with fluids; whereby the sensor produces a sensor signal representative of the predetermined property, the controller receives the sensor signal and, by means of the algorithm, causes the means to vary the conditions within the set ranges until the stop condition for the algorithm is fulfilled.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and systems that use acoustic radiation pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of molecular diagnostics. In particular, the present invention provided improved substrates and methods of using liquid crystals and other biophotonically based assays for quantitating the amount of an analyte in a sample. The present invention also provides materials and methods for detecting non-specific binding of an analyte to a substrate by using a liquid crystal or other biophotonically based assay formats.

Abstract: The invention is based, at least in part, on the development of stabilized binding molecules that consist of or comprise a stabilized scFv and methods for making such stabilized molecules.

Abstract: In labeling a cell, and separating and collecting the cell according to a degree of the labeling using a cell separator, effects on the cell is minimized and the use of the collected cell is facilitated, thereby, when labeling a cell, the cell is labeled in the state where interaction of each cell is retained. In the labeling, a specific labeling material present on a surface of a target cell is taken in the cell via a transporter, and the cell is dispersed one by one to separate the same with a cell separator. Immediately after the separation, the cell is put in a solution not containing the specific labeling substance to remove the specific labeling substance taken in the cell. This series of steps is continuously conducted with a cell separation chip.

Abstract: A system and method for cleanup of biological samples from contaminants prior to spectroscopy analysis. The system includes a support configured to hold a sample including a liquid having at least one group of biological molecules with a surface of the support binding the molecules at a surface tension angle to the liquid of less than 180 degrees. The system includes an evaporator configured to evaporate liquid from the support, a solvent applicator configured to apply a solvent for dissolution of the contaminants in the sample, and a solvent removal device configured to remove applied solvent from the sample and thereby at least partially remove the contaminants.

Abstract: The chip includes electrodes on a substrate. The electrodes include a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The reference electrode is constructed so as to not have an intrinsic potential. A self-assembly monolayer is positioned on the reference electrode. The self-assembly monolayer includes spacers and active probes. The active probes are configured to have a higher affinity for a capture probe than the spacers have for the capture probe.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides that unfold reversibly (e.g., unfolds when heated and refolds when cooled), to repertoires containing polypeptides that unfold reversibly and to libraries that contain polypeptides that unfold reversibly or nucleic acids that encode polypeptides that unfold reversibly. The invention further relates to processes for producing a library enriched in polypeptides that unfold reversibly or nucleic acids encoding polypeptides that unfold reversibly, processes for selecting and/or isolating polypeptides that unfold reversibly, and to methods for producing a polypeptide that unfolds reversibly.

Abstract: In a method of selecting polymerization catalysts, in particular Phillips catalysts for the polymerization of olefins, from a multiplicity of catalysts on the basis of their catalytic properties, a multiplicity of catalyst precursors or catalyst supports are converted in parallel into polymerization catalysts in a pretreatment step in an array of reactors, where the pretreatment comprises at least one thermal treatment step at from 250 to 1200° C. Furthermore, at least one starting material is converted with the aid of the respective polymerization catalysts under prescribed polymerization conditions into at least one polymer product in a polymerization step and, finally, analysis of the polymer product or products is carried out to determine its composition and/or chosen properties. This makes it possible to carry out a thermal pretreatment of polymerization catalysts quickly under defined conditions which can be varied.

Abstract: The invention provides a bio chip device comprising at least one sample compartment and at least one light sensitive element, the at least one sample compartment being provided on a first side of the at least one light sensitive element, wherein incident light is provided incident from a second side opposite of the first side of the at least one light sensitive element. Further, the invention provides a method for the detection of fluorescent particles within at least one sample compartment of a bio chip device.

Abstract: A screening device for performing an immunoassay test to detect the presence of a compound in a body fluid. The device includes a holder for removably receiving a membrane to which the fluid has been applied. A light is directed to the membrane. A photodetector measures the concentration of the light reflected back from the membrane. Specifically, the concentrations of reflected light from a control zone and a test zone are measured. Signals representative of the measured light concentrations are applied to a processor. If a specified concentration of predetermined light from a control zone on the membrane is detected, the processor considers the test to be successful. In the test is successful, the processor, based upon the measured concentration of reflected light from the test zone, generates data representative of the presence of the compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for performing a microarray assay on one or more sample fluid(s), said fluids comprising target biological compounds. The method comprises the step of tagging said target biological compounds with labels. The following step comprises contacting said sample fluid(s) with a substrate and detecting the presence of said labels at the surface of said substrate. The method is suitable for the simultaneous analysis, in one microarray, of one or more types of target biological compounds, in one or more sample fluid(s). To this end each of said types of biological compounds is tagged with a different label so that target biological compounds belonging to different sample fluids have different labels. Said different labels are discriminable upon detection at the surface of said substrate. Also disclosed is the use of a polymer substrate in a method for performing a microarray assay.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting the presence of a predetermined substance, in which a quantum dot is produced on a substrate. The quantum dot emits a radiation at a predetermined wavelength, and is covered with a surface layer to which the predetermined substance attaches. A deviation of the value of a parameter related to the radiation is produced when the predetermined substance attaches to the surface layer. This deviation can be detected to thereby sense the presence of the predetermined substance.

Abstract: To provide a method for detecting a protein by immobilizing a protein on a protein array substrate at a high density with controlled orientation, irradiating the immobilized protein with ultraviolet light, visible light, or infrared light, and measuring the light not absorbed by the protein and further analyzing an interaction between the protein on the substrate and another protein and/or a compound other than proteins, a system used for the method, and to provide a protein array suitable for the system.

Abstract: A method of producing a chemical compound library comprises extracting at least one extract from at least one species of plant; processing at least one of the extract(s) to remove at least one type of chemical interference to produce a processed extract; chromatographically separating the processed extract into a plurality of chromatographic fractions, each containing an amount of chemical compounds; determining the amount of chemical compounds in at least one of the chromatographic fractions; and normalizing the chromatographic fractions in which the amounts were determined to produce normalized chromatographic fractions, each such fraction comprising from about 1 microgram to about 500 micrograms of each of from one to seven chemical compounds that were present in lower concentrations in the extract and that each have a log P of from about ?1 to about 5 and a molecular weight less than about 1000 Daltons; thereby to produce a chemical compound library from at least one species of plant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electromagnetic signals from the sample in the domain can pass to the exterior, and exposing, onto an array of active detection elements such as CCD-elements, a spatial representation of electromagnetic signals having passed from the domain, the representation being detectable as an intensity by individual active detection elements, under conditions permitting processing of the intensities detected by the array of detection elements during the exposure in such a manner that representations of electromagnetic signals from the biological particles are identified as distinct from representations of electromagnetic signals from background signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electromagnetic signals from the sample in the domain can pass to the exterior, and exposing, onto an array of active detection elements such as CCD-elements, a spatial representation of electromagnetic signals having passed from the domain, the representation being detectable as an intensity by individual active detection elements, under conditions permitting processing of the intensities detected by the array of detection elements during the exposure in such a manner that representations of electromagnetic signals from the biological particles are identified as distinct from representations of electromagnetic signals from background signals.

Abstract: A process for evaluating a refinery feedstock, said process comprising: (i) providing a refinery feedstock, (ii) treating said refinery feedstock to produce an array comprising a plurality of fractions having different chemical and/or physical properties, each fraction being representative of a process stream that might be present in a refinery, and (iii) analysing each of said plurality of fractions to determine one or more chemical and/or physical properties of the fractions, said analyses being performed at least partially in parallel. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of refinery feedstocks is evaluated, each being fractionated prior to analysis of the fractions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electromagnetic signals from the sample in the domain can pass to the exterior, and exposing, onto an array of active detection elements such as CCD-elements, a spatial representation of electromagnetic signals having passed from the domain, the representation being detectable as an intensity by individual active detection elements, under conditions permitting processing of the intensities detected by the array of detection elements during the exposure in such a manner that representations of electromagnetic signals from the biological particles are identified as distinct from representations of electromagnetic signals from background signals.

Abstract: Methods of analyzing features such as the physical size of macromolecules or biomarkers along large genomic DNA molecules were disclosed as well as the devices for carrying out such high throughput analysis in a massively parallel fashion. Methods of fabricating such devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for detecting interactions between molecules, such as, biomolecules, and relates to a method for screening target molecules, both in vivo and in vitro. In this invention, the first detecting material and the second detecting material are provided, wherein the first detecting material is bound to a localizer which is translocated by externally applied driving force, and the second detecting material is bound to a label. Thus, the complex of the first detecting material and the second detecting material can be detected reversibly by changing the strength of the externally applied driving force, and the target molecule can be screened effectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for generating polymorphs of compounds. In particular, the present invention provides high throughput systems and methods for generating and identifying new crystalline polymorphs that find use as improved drugs, pigments, explosives, nonlinear optical crystals, solid-state reactive compounds, and other polymorphic materials.

Abstract: Provided is a non-invasive method for identification of non-physiological, physiological or diseased states based on the volatiles in gas or biogas samples from individuals. The method uses a sensor array comprising a plurality of distinct sensors which differ from other sensors by the sensing molecules or the sol-gel holding material composition. In response to a combination of volatiles, a pattern of responses is generated which can be correlated to particular non-physiological, physiological or diseased state.

Abstract: A functional assay detection system for membrane bound proteins. The system comprises a biological array including a porous substrate having a plurality of membranes adhered thereto and a first side and a second side, a fluorescent labeling reagent configured to couple to the membrane bound proteins, a pulsed light assembly configured to excite the fluorescent labeling reagent, and a time-delayed imaging device configured to capture emitted fluorescence of the fluorescent labeling reagent. The pulsed light assembly is configured to excite the fluorescent labeling reagent from at least one of the first side and the second side of the porous substrate, and the fluorescent labeling reagent comprises a fluorophore that has an emission lifetime that is in the range of microseconds.

Abstract: A variety of methods for assaying libraries of test compounds as ligands and/or substrates of transport proteins, including both carrier-type and receptor-type transport proteins, are provided. Both in vitro and in vivo screening methods are disclosed. Also provided are methods for screening DNA libraries to identify members that encode transport proteins. Pharmaceutical compositions including compounds identified via the screening methods are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are SARS-CoV detection PCR primers having nucleotide sequences as set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1-46, a method for detecting SARS-CoV using the primers, and a SARS-CoV detection kit including the primers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DNA chip showing specific responses to a human intestinal normal bacterial flora and a method for estimating harmness to the human bodies due to the change of the human intestinal normal bacterial flora using the DNA chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to binding surfaces for the immobilization of ligands, ligand surfaces and structured surface arrays which present a plurality of identical or different ligands. The invention further relates to a process for the production and the use of such surfaces and to specific binder molecules which can be used for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a system and method of measuring the methylation level of DNA. Some embodiments relate to a system and method of measuring methylation level of DNA with a gene array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical confinements, methods of preparing and methods of using them for analyzing molecules and/or monitoring chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost single-molecular analysis.

Abstract: The present invention refers to inventive fusion proteins, to a method for detecting protein-protein-interactions in living cells and cell lysates using these inventive fusion proteins. The present invention also refers to a screening method for identifying compounds suitable to modify, i.e. inhibit or enhance, protein-protein-interaction using these fusion proteins. Additionally a method for detecting cells is disclosed comprising an unknown protein that interacts with a known protein. Along with the inventive fusion proteins used for these methods encoding nucleic acids, corresponding vectors and host cells transfected accordingly are disclosed herewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical confinements, methods of preparing and methods of using them for analyzing molecules and/or monitoring chemical reactions. The apparatus and methods embodied in the present invention are particularly useful for high-throughput and low-cost single-molecular analysis.

Abstract: Provided herein are sets of mass labels. Each mass label in a set includes: 1) a mass marker moiety; 2) a mass normalisation moiety; and 3) a cleavable linker connecting the mass marker moiety to the mass normalisation moiety. Each mass marker moiety is characterized as having a mass different from that of all other mass marker moieties in the set as determined by mass spectrometry. Further, each mass normalisation moiety ensures that each mass label in the set has substantially the same mass as determined by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring the amount of residual enzyme on a textile comprising measuring the activity of the enzyme, wherein the textile has been contacted with the enzyme and subsequently rinsed prior to measuring the enzyme activity and to a method for screening a library of polypeptides for an enzyme of interest comprising testing the library in said method.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for high throughput mass spectrometry are provided. The methods involve sample preparation in an off-line parallel purification system. Such methods include but are not limited to the use of an appropriate buffer when generating samples or the use of a solid support for tagged components. The samples prepared in this way do not then need to be column separated. The apparatus provided includes a cell growth plate for growing cells and generating products and/or reactants, an off-line parallel purification system, a mass spectrometer, and an automatic sampler that transports samples and injects them into the mass spectrometer of the apparatus. The methods and apparatus described are used, for example, in screening enzyme reaction pathways.