Abstract: The present invention relates to a plastidial microarray comprising a solid support which comprises a multiplicity of elemental sites, each elemental site comprising several copies of the same nucleic acid probe, said probe being single-stranded, comprising between 50 and 70 nucleotides and corresponding to a sense oligonucleotide in a chloroplastid gene of Arabidopsis thaliana or to an antisense oligonucleotide in a chloroplastid gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, the entire chloroplastid coding genome of Arabidopsis thaliana being represented on the microarray.

Abstract: A method of optimizing a hydrogen sulfide scavenger blend that includes selecting a hydrogen sulfide scavenger blend comprising at least two hydrogen sulfide scavengers; determining a scavenging capacity for the blend; modifying at least one blend parameter based on the determined scavenging capacity; redetermining the scavenging capacity for the modified blend; and selecting an optimized blend from the blend and the modified blend is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for assessing the probabilities of the expression of one or more traits in progeny are described.

Abstract: Walk-through mutagenesis and natural-variant combinatorial fibronectin Type III (FN3) polypeptide libraries are described, along with their method of construction and use. Also disclosed are a number of high binding affinity polypeptides selected by screening the libraries against a variety of selected antigens.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and materials for mutagenesis, including for the generation of novel or improved proteins and libraries or arrays of mutant proteins or nucleic acids encoding such mutant proteins.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for identifying a ligand that binds to a macromolecular target. The methods involve (a) attaching an antenna moiety to a first ligand, wherein the ligand binds specifically to a macromolecular target; (b) providing a sample comprising the macromolecular target, the first ligand and a candidate second ligand under conditions wherein the first ligand and the macromolecular target form a bound complex; (c) detecting a subset of magnetization transfer signals between the antenna moiety of the first ligand and the second candidate ligand, wherein the signals are obtained from an isotope edited NOESY spectrum of the sample; thereby determining that the two ligands are proximal in a bound complex, and identifying a second ligand that binds to the macromolecular target.

Abstract: A biosensor device (100) for detecting biological particles, the biosensor device (100) comprising a substrate (102), a regular pattern of pores (104) formed in the substrate (102), and a plurality of sensor active structures (106) each of which being arranged on a surface of a corresponding one of the pores (104), wherein each of the plurality of sensor active structures (106) is sensitive to specific biological particles and is adapted to modify electromagnetic radiation interaction properties in the event of the presence of the respective biological particles.

Abstract: Compounds that are central nervous system drug candidates for the treatment of cognitive decline and, more particularly, Alzheimer's disease are provided. Methods of treating, inhibiting, and/or abatement of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease with a derivative of ginger oil are also provided. Also provided is a method of conditioning biological extracts, such as a medicinal plant extract, by a reductive amination process to give nitrogen-containing derivatives.

Abstract: A magnetic particle comprises a polysaccharide matrix and a plurality of magnetic crystals dispersed in the matrix. A method for making magnetic particles comprises combining a basic solution with a metal ion solution and allowing the metal ions to oxidize to form magnetic crystals, and combining the magnetic crystals with a polysaccharide solution to form the magnetic particles.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a designing strategy for constructing a set of probes useful for analyzing all or most prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. A set of capture probes with optimal fingerprinting properties and highly representative of all possible sequences of an organism can be selected by six sequential steps. Fingerprinting potential of such probes is validated by phylogenetic analysis, which generates results that strongly correlate with phylogenetic trees produced by sequence alignment. The probes generated by the instant methods can be used for detecting an organism, for establishing phylogenetic relationships between different organisms, for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms and a wide variety of other applications that require genetic analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of synthesizing libraries of molecules comprising a functional moiety which is operatively linked to an encoding oligonucleotide.

Abstract: Provided is a microreactor array, comprising a single fibre comprising a matrix material; a plurality of capillaries formed within the matrix material, the capillaries substantially aligned along a longitudinal axis of the fibre; and one or more reagent associated with an inner surface of the capillaries; wherein each capillary corresponds to a microreactor of the array. Also provided are microreactor array methods and systems, including a manifold microreactor system and a microreactor array system microchip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protein G variant comprising a mutated Fc binding domain, which is prepared by substituting cysteine for specific residues of the Fc-binding domain of protein G, and a method for preparing the same. Further, the present invention relates to a protein G variant comprising a cysteine mutated Fc binding domain that is site-selectively modified with a UV cross-linker. Further, the present invention relates to a method for UV cross-linking the protein G variant with antibody. The present invention relates to a protein G variant-antibody conjugate that is prepared by the above method. Further, the present invention provides a method for screening or analyzing antigens using the conjugate. Furthermore, the present invention provides a biochip or biosensor fabricated by linking the protein G variant to the surface of a solid support, and a method for fabricating the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for developing diagnostic tests (e.g., detection, screening, monitoring, and prognostic tests) based on biomarker information from legacy clinical sample sets, for which only small sample volumes (e.g., about 0.05 to about 1.0 mL or less per sample) are typically available. For example, biomarkers (e.g., about 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, or more) may be detected in the clinical samples through the use of single molecule detection and each biomarker may be detected in an assay that includes about 1 ?L or less of a legacy clinical sample.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide analogue arrays attached to solid substrates and methods related to the use thereof are provided. The oligonucleotide analogues hybridize to nucleic acids with either higher or lower specificity than corresponding unmodified oligonucleotides. Target nucleic acids which comprise nucleotide analogues are bound to oligonucleotide and oligonucleotide analogue arrays.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved molecular-biological processing equipment and an improved method of processing biological samples. The invention combines the provision of biologically functional molecules such as nucleic acids and peptides and of derivatives or analogs of these two classes of molecules in miniaturized flow cells with the sequential addition of reagents or fluids and serves for the processing of biological samples, such as proteins, nucleic acids, biogenic small molecules such as e.g. metabolites, viruses or cells, which for this purpose are introduced into the miniaturized flow cells.

Abstract: A system, including method and apparatus, for forming an array of emulsions. The system may include a plate providing an array of emulsion production units each configured to produce a separate emulsion and each including a set of wells interconnected by channels that intersect to form a site of droplet generation. Each set of wells, in turn, may include (1) at least one first input well to receive a continuous phase, (2) a second input well to receive a dispersed phase, and (3) an output well configured to receive from the site of droplet generation an emulsion of droplets of the dispersed phase disposed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: This invention relates to polypeptide libraries comprising polypeptides having a C-type lectin domain (CTLD) with a randomized loop region, as well as nucleic acid libraries comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding such polypeptides. The invention also relates to methods for generating the randomized polypeptides and the polypeptide libraries. The invention further relates to methods of screening the polypeptide and nucleic acid libraries based on the specific binding of the modified CTLDs to a target molecule of interest. The invention also relates to polypeptides derived from such libraries that bind to target molecules of interest.

Abstract: A target-detecting device including a substrate and a plurality of probes, one ends of which being immobilized on the substrate, wherein the probes each include, in parts thereof, a label which functions when distanced from the substrate and are capable of forming double strands together with target nucleic acids, and wherein the probes are arranged at such positions that, when the probes form double strands together with the target nucleic acids, steric hindrance occurs between one double strand and another double strand adjacent to the one double strand so as to distance the label from the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to articles and methods for determining the function of genes, gene products, and nucleic acid products. The present invention also relates to identifying ligands and binding partners or proteins and nucleic acid products. The present invention also relates to methods and compositions related to reverse-transfection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesising a bifunctional complex comprising an encoded molecule and an identifier polynucleotide identifying the chemical entities having participated in the synthesis of the encoded molecule, said method comprising the steps of i) providing a) at least one template comprising one or more codons capable of hybridising to an anti-codon, wherein said template is optionally associated with one or more chemical entities, and b) a plurality of building blocks each comprising an anti-codon associated with one or more chemical entities, and ii) hybridising the anti-codon of one or more of the provided building blocks to the template, iii) covalently linking said anti-codons and/or linking the at least one template with the anti-codon of at least one building block, thereby generating an identifier polynucleotide capable of identifying chemical entities having participated in the synthesis of the encoded molecule, iv) separating the template from one or more of the anti-codons

Abstract: The invention concerns a method which can be used to screen two or more repertoires of molecules against one another and/or to create combinatorial repertoires by combining two or more repertoires. In particular, the invention relates to a method whereby two repertoires of molecules can be screened such that all members of the first repertoire are tested against all members of the second repertoire for functional interactions. Furthermore, the invention relates to the creation and screening of antibody repertoires by combining a repertoire of heavy chains with a repertoire of light chains such that antibodies formed by the all combinations of heavy and light chains can be screened against one or more target ligands.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for generating libraries of DNA sequences encoding homologous polypeptides, and uses of the libraries to identify naturally diversified polypeptide variants. The invention also provides compositions and methods for generating collections of synthetic antibody fragments in which one or several complementary determining regions (CDR) are replaced by a collection of the corresponding CDR captured from a natural source. The invention further provides compositions and methods for diversifying a portion of a polypeptide by inserting a diversified sequence of synthetic or natural origin without the need for modification of the original polypeptide coding sequence.

Abstract: Improved nanolithography components, systems, and methods are described herein. The systems and methods generally employ a resistively heated atomic force microscope tip to thermally induce a chemical change in a surface. In addition, certain polymeric compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a mold for the preparation of recipient blocks, having a certain space at the top and containing multiple sample-receiving holes in the bottom thereof and a method for preparing a tissue microarray block, comprising: (1) arraying samples in the sample-receiving holes in the mold for the preparation of recipient blocks; (2) placing the mold for the preparation of recipient blocks in a base mold and pushing the samples toward the bottom of the base mold; (3) filling the base mold with a liquid base material for the recipient block and incubating the liquid base material at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period; and (4) separating the tissue microarray block from the mold for the preparation of recipient blocks, said tissue microarray block being formed as the liquid base material is solidified so that the samples are embedded in a microarray pattern within the solidified material.

Abstract: A novel N-acetyl-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected dibutyl sialyl phosphate donor for sialylation of both primary and sterically hindered secondary acceptors to prepare sialosides with high yield and ?-selectivity is disclosed. Methods for making disaccharide building blocks comprising ?(2?3), ?(2?6), ?(2?8), ?(2?8)/?(2?9) alternate, and ?(2?9) sialosides are provided. methods for one-pot synthesis of complex sialosides are disclosed. Libraries of sialosides and methods for using the libraries for detection and receptor binding analysis of surface glycoproteins or pathogens and cancer cells are disclosed. Methods for distinguishing between hemagglutinin (HA) from various strains of influenza are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoparticles having a mean diameter of <500 nm and comprising, at their surface, a selected material. The nanoparticles are taken up by cells under physiological conditions and can be used to isolate interaction partners of the selected material within the cells. The present invention provides important advantages in that it opens up new ways of identifying cellular components and of delivering a substance of interest specifically to a selected cell compartment. The nanoparticles are also useful as a tool of diagnosis and for the constitution of chemical libraries.

Abstract: In order to obtain a novel binding protein against a chosen target, DNA molecules, each encoding a protein comprising one of a family of similar potential binding domains and a structural signal calling for the display of the protein on the outer surface of a chosen bacterial cell, bacterial spore or phage (genetic package) are introduced into a genetic package. The protein is expressed and the potential binding domain is displayed on the outer surface of the package. The cells or viruses bearing the binding domains which recognize the target molecule are isolated and amplified. The successful binding domains are then characterized. One or more of these successful binding domains is used as a model for the design of a new family of potential binding domains, and the process is repeated until a novel binding domain having a desired affinity for the target molecule is obtained.

Abstract: A method and a system for selecting a set of FISH probe oligonucleotide sequences from a plurality of overlapping tiled candidate FISH probe oligonucleotide sequences are provided. A composition that includes FISH probes with sequences from the set of FISH probe oligonucleotide sequences is also provided.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is directed to polypeptides having an amylase and/or glucoamylase activity, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods for making and using these polynucleotides and polypeptides. In one aspect, the polypeptides of the invention can be used as amylases, for example, alpha amylases, to catalyze the hydrolysis of polysaccharide, oligosaccharide or starch into sugars. In one aspect, the invention provides delayed release compositions comprising an desired ingredient coated by a latex polymer coating. In alternative embodiments, enzymes are used to make biofuels, e.g., ethanol, butanol, propanol, or a gasoline-ethanol mix, including a bioethanol, biopropanol, biobutanol, or a biodiesel, or for any form of fuel or biomass processing.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel substrates for Hu-Asp. More particularly, the invention provides peptide substrates and fusion polypeptide substrates comprising a ?-secretase cleavage site. Methods and compositions for making and using the peptides are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of detecting a component of interest, a change in charge, a pH, a cellular response using nanosensors are provided. Nanosensors, including nanowires and nanowire arrays comprising functionalized and/or non-functionalized nanowires are provided. Nanosensors are used for detection in cellular fragmentation, multiple concentration analysis, glucose detection, and intracellular analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to artificial receptors on scaffolds, methods of and compositions for making them, and methods of using them. Each artificial receptor includes a plurality of building block compounds coupled to a scaffold. In an embodiment, at least one of the building blocks includes a tether moiety. The tether can provide spacing or distance between the recognition element and the scaffold to which the building block is immobilized. A tether moiety can have any of a variety of characteristics or properties including flexibility, rigidity or stiffness, ability to bond to another tether moiety, and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides variant heavy chain variable domains (VH) with increased folding stability. Libraries comprising a plurality of these polypeptides are also provided. In addition, compositions and methods of generating and using these polypeptides and libraries are provided.

Abstract: The invention is generally directed to reducing inflammation by means of cells that secrete factors that reduce leukocyte extravasation. Specifically, the invention is directed to methods using cells that secrete factors that downregulate the expression of cellular adhesion molecules in leukocytes. Downregulating expression of cellular adhesion molecules reduces leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells such that extravasation is reduced. The end result is a reduction of inflammation. The cells are non-embryonic non-germ cells that have pluripotent characteristics. These may include expression of pluripotential markers and broad differentiation potential.

Abstract: Multiplex barcoded Paired-End Ditag (mbPED) library construction for ultra high throughput sequencing is disclosed. The mbPED library comprises multiple types of barcoded Paired-End Ditag (bPED) nucleic acid fragment constructs, each of which comprises a unique barcoded adaptor, a first tag, and a second tag linked to the first tag via the barcoded adaptor. The two tags are the 5?- and 3?-ends of a nucleic acid molecule from which they originate. The barcoded adaptor comprises a barcode, a first polynucleotide sequence comprising a first restriction enzyme (RE) recognition site, and a second polynucleotide sequence comprising a second RE recognition site and covalently linked to the first polynucleotide sequence via the barcode. The two REs lead to cleavage of a nucleic acid at a defined distance from their recognition sites. The length of the adaptor is set so that the bPED nucleic acid fragment fits one-step sequencing.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which can be used for the identification of one or more orthologous genes on a microarray, that utilises a microarray derived from a first animal that is used to analyse a corresponding nucleotide sequence from a second animal or a distinct variety of the first animal. The method comprises applying genomic DNA from the second animal, or distinct variety of the first animal, to a microarray derived from the first animal, measuring a background level of hybridisation intensity of the genomic DNA to probes of the microarray, and selecting probes on the microarray for which the hybridisation intensity is greater than a threshold value based on the background level of hybridisation intensity, whereby the selected probes are indicative of orthologous genes.

Abstract: We describe assay modules (e.g., assay plates, cartridges, multi-well assay plates, reaction vessels, etc.), processes for their preparation, and method of their use for conducting assays. Reagents may be present in free form or supported on solid phases including the surfaces of compartments (e.g., chambers, channels, flow cells, wells, etc.) in the assay modules or the surface of colloids, beads, or other particulate supports. In particular, dry reagents can be incorporated into the compartments of these assay modules and reconstituted prior to their use in accordance with the assay methods. A desiccant material may be used to maintain and stabilize these reagents in a dry state.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing biological results in the form of systematically varied libraries of sequences or as data representing sequences or physical preparations of systematically varied libraries and/or selections from systematically varied libraries.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, comprising at least one reactor array, comprising at least two reactor vessels (2) a connecting member for fixating the at least two reactor vessels relative to each other (4, 5) at least one reactor block (18) comprising a heating block (20) for heating the reactor vessels (2) the heating block (20) comprising at least two reactor channels for receiving the at least two reactor vessels (2) wherein the heating block (20) is constructed of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient <=1×10e?5 K-I (at 293K). In an embodiment the heating block is substantially entirely constructed of graphite.

Abstract: A polyelectrolyte having multiple exposed functional groups, each such group being capable of covalently bonding to a molecule, is immobilized on a surface for the purpose of bonding to a biomolecule. The biomolecule can be, for example, a nucleic acid, e.g., an amine functionalized oligonucleotide. The polyelectrolyte can include, e.g., BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) which is bound to a functionalized surface using a covalent immobilization strategy, e.g., reaction with the surface of a tosyl-activated microparticle. Following such reaction, exposed reactive functional groups on the protein, such as amine, carboxyl, thiol, hydroxyl groups can further be utilized to covalently couple the oligonucleotide of interest using suitable chemistry.

Abstract: Capture Collections of capture compounds and collections thereof and methods using the compounds collections for the analysis of biomolecules are provided. In particular, collections, compounds and methods are provided for analyzing complex protein mixtures, such as the proteome. The compounds in the collections are multifunctional reagents that provide for the separation and isolation of biomolecules in complex protein mixtures. In the collections, each and every compound in the collection, has the formula: Z is a trityl derivative, each of m and n independently is an integer that is 1 to 100; X, the reactivity function, covalently binds to amino acid side chains of biomolecules; Y, the selectivity function, modulates binding of X to the amino acid side chains in biomolecules such that X binds to fewer biomolecules when the selectivity moiety Y is present than in its absence; and Q permits separation or immobilization of capture compounds in the collection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for fabricating air-stable supported lipid bilayer membranes. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to methods of producing supported lipid bilayer membranes stabilized by sterol groups that are covalently tethered to a solid surface. In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to air-stable supported lipid bilayer membranes produced by the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The production and use of semiconducting nanopost arrays made by nanofabrication is described herein. These nanopost arrays (NAPA) provide improved laser ionization yields and controllable fragmentation with switching or modulation capabilities for mass spectrometric detection and identification of samples deposited on them.

Abstract: Described herein are engineered antibody constant domain molecules, such as CH2 or CH3 domain molecules, comprising at least one mutation, or comprising at least one complementarity determining region (CDR), or a functional fragment thereof, engrafted in a loop region of the CH2 domain. The CH2 domain molecules described herein are small, stable, soluble, exhibit little to no toxicity and are capable of binding antigen.

Abstract: This invention provides high unit density arrays of microparticles and methods of assembling such arrays. The microparticles in the arrays may be functionalized with chemical or biological entities specific to a given target analyte. The high unit density arrays of this invention are formed on chips which may be combined to form multichip arrays according to the methods described herein. The chips and/or multichip arrays of this invention are useful for chemical and biological assays.

Abstract: This invention provides method and apparatus for performing chemical and biochemical reactions in solution using in situ generated photo-products as reagent or co-reagent. In particular, the present invention provides methods and devices for selectively converting photogenerated reagent precursors to photogenerated reagents comprising a substrate comprising at least one solid surface containing a plurality of isolated reaction sites; and an optical system operably linked to the substrate comprising a light source and a computer-controlled spatial optical modulator to form an irradiation pattern, wherein the irradiation pattern selectively irradiates a plurality of reaction sites without use of a photolithographic mask. The method and apparatus of the present invention have applications in parallel synthesis of molecular sequence arrays on solid surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing analysis and identification of molecules have been presented. In one embodiment, a portable molecule analyzer includes a sample input/output connection to receive a sample, a nanopore-based sequencing chip to perform analysis on the sample substantially in real-time, and an output interface to output result of the analysis.

Abstract: The present application concerns donor-specific antibody libraries derived from a patient donor who has suffered from, or is suffering from one or more diseases discussed herein. The present application also concerns the method of making and using the donor-specific antibodies. The present application further concerns the neutralizing antibodies obtained from the donor-specific antibody libraries and the methods of using these antibodies for the prevention/treatment of human disease.

Abstract: The present invention describes optical discs on which polymer molecules can be analyzed. There is a method for determining a plurality of characteristics of a target molecule, the target molecule being localized on an optical substrate comprising pits and lands, comprising the steps of: (i) carrying out a series of reactions to interrogate different defined characteristics of the target molecule, wherein each of the reactions occurs in a distinct pit; (ii) treating the optical substrate to modify either those pits where a reaction has occurred, or alternatively, those pits where a reaction has not occurred, to alter the reflective characteristics of the pits; and (iii) measuring reflectivity within the pits, to thereby determine different characteristics of the target.