Abstract: Described herein are inventive compositions and methods relating to sampling of biopolymers and, in particular, to fractional sampling of biopolymers. In one aspect, embodiments are generally related to unique biopolymer species where a fraction of each biopolymer species contains a cleavable linker. The biopolymer species may, in some embodiments, be attached to a surface. For example, the biopolymer species may be attached to beads. In some embodiments, a portion of a unique biopolymer species may be sampled by cleaving the cleavable linker. In some cases, the sample may be analyzed to determine the sequence of the biopolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a functionalised solid support for the synthesis of compounds comprising at least one ?-oxoaldehyde function, to a process for preparing it and to its applications, in particular for the preparation of a library of organic compounds, of a diagnostic reagent, of a microtitration plate and of a biochip, such as a DNA chip. The present invention also relates to a process for the synthesis of organic compounds comprising at least one ?-oxoaldehyde function and to the ?-oxoaldehyde peptides obtained using this process.

Abstract: A device for detecting chemical or biochemical substances in fluids includes a first carrier having a sensor array with a plurality of electrochemical sensors. A second carrier includes a porous layer having at least one functional region, in which specifically binding capturing molecules are immobilized. The at least one functional region is arranged directly adjacent to at least one non-functionalized region. Assigned to the at least one functional region and the at least one non-functionalized region are several sensors of the sensor array, for use as an electrochemical camera.

Abstract: Silanation compositions containing a mixture of two or more silanation reagents, where at least one silanation reagent includes a functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis and at least one silanation reagent includes no functional group capable of supporting polymer synthesis are useful in modulating the active site density and hydrolytic stability of a surface. These compositions are particularly useful in silanating a surface prior to preparation of a polymer array and provide for increased hybridization results.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel array method for nucleic acid sequence detection with improved specificity which allows for detection of genetic variation, from simple SNPs (where the variation occurs at a fixed position and is of limited allelic number) to more complex sequence variation patterns (such as with multigene families or multiple genetic strains of an organism where the sequence variation between the individual members is neither fixed nor consistent). The array is comprised of short, synthetic oligonucleotide probes attached to a solid surface which are hybridized to single-stranded targets. Single stranded targets can be produced using a method that employs primers modified on the 5? end to prohibit degradation by a 5?-exonuclease that is introduced to degrade the unprotected strand. The invention further provides for printing buffers/solutions for the immobilization of oligonucleotide probes to an array surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring a bio-material using a polymer thin film and magnetic beads, including immobilizing a bio-material on a polymer thin film including nylon or nitrocellulose film; attaching a chemical functional group to the magnetic beads and then reacting it with the bio-material on the polymer thin film; and measuring the bio-material using a magnetic bead reader for detecting the magnetic beads.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to carbohydrate microarray and conjugated nanoparticles methods of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array of polymers and methods of forming arrays of polymers by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support and a second layer including a plurality of polymers disposed on the first layer. The invention also provides methods for forming an array of polymers on a substrate using light-directed synthesis by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support, derivatizing the first layer by contacting the first layer with a silanation reagent, and a second layer disposed on said first layer wherein the second layer includes functional groups protected with a photolabile protecting group.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes a first substrate, and a phase change ink deposited on a surface of the first substrate. The phase change ink includes a non-polar polymeric material and an optional colorant, wherein the phase change ink is solid at room temperature but is liquid at a jetting temperature of from about 60 to about 150° C., and a water contact angle on the deposited phase change ink is from 90° to about 175°.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods to facilitate the identification of compounds that are capable of interacting with a biological macromolecule of interest. In one aspect, a composition is provided that comprises an array of one or more types of chemical compounds attached to a solid support, wherein the density of the array of compounds is at least 1000 spots per cm2. In particularly preferred embodiments, these compounds are attached to the solid support through a covalent interaction.

Abstract: A method of producing a replicate or derivative of an array of molecules, the array having a spatial arrangement of separate samples of molecules, includes creating, for each sample, at least one spatially limited effective area which is separate from the effective areas of the other samples, a surface, provided with a binding adapter or binding properties, of a carrier bordering on the effective areas. The molecules are amplified by means of amplifying agents in the effective areas for creating replicates or derivatives of the samples. The replicates or derivatives of the samples are bound to the carrier by means of the binding adapter or the binding properties, so that a spatial arrangement of the replicates or derivatives of the samples on the carrier corresponds to the spatial arrangement of the samples in the array. The carrier having the copies of the samples is removed from the array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for immobilizing nucleic acids on a support, comprising the provision of a nucleic acid with a stretch of nucleotides of only one basetype and the immobilization of said nucleic acid on a support by crosslinking by light, wherein said crosslinking by light is performed at a wavelength of about 300-500 nm, preferably at a wavelength of 365 nm. The present invention further relates to a method for the analysis of nucleic acids immobilized according to the invention, which comprises the hybridization of the immobilized nucleic acid with complementary and mismatch segments. Furthermore, the present invention relates to immobilized nucleic acids obtainable by the method of the invention, the use of accordingly immobilized nucleic acids for the production of nucleic acid arrays and a diagnostic kit, comprising an array of nucleic acids which are immobilized according to the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for discretized, combinatorial processing of regions of a substrate such as for the discovery, implementation, optimization, and qualification of new materials, processes, and process sequence integration schemes used in integrated circuit fabrication. A substrate having an array of differentially processed regions thereon is processed by delivering materials to or modifying regions of the substrate.

Abstract: A compound having formula (I): X—E—Si?Cl3??(I) wherein: X represents an isocyanate function; E represents a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl chain comprising from 4 to 30 carbon atoms, and optionally contains a bridge function of —O—, —S—, —NH— or aryl; and X and SiCl3 are separated by a chain of at least 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of use are disclosed for clonally amplifying target polynucleotide sequences in solution and attaching the amplicons to a surface by activation of a masked binding moiety.

Abstract: Methods for labeling a substrate using a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction are disclosed. The hetero-Diels-Alder reaction includes the reaction of an o-quinone methide (e.g., an o-naphthoquinone methide) with a polarized olefin to form a hetero-Diels-Alder adduct. The o-quinone methide or the polarized olefin can be attached to a surface of a substrate, and the other of the o-quinone methide or the polarized olefin can include a detectable label. The o-quinone methide can conveniently be generated by irradiation of a precursor compound, preferably in an aqueous solution, suspension, or dispersion.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a carbon nanotube array structure and a method for making the same. The carbon nanotube array structure includes a bendable flexible substrate and a carbon nanotube array. The flexible substrate has at least one surface. The carbon nanotube array is grown on at least one surface of the flexible substrate. In the method for making the carbon nanotube array structure, a reacting chamber, and a bendable flexible substrate with at least one surface are provided. The flexible substrate is disposed in the reacting chamber and heated to a certain temperature. A carbon source gas is supplied into the reacting chamber, thereby forming a carbon nanotube array on the catalyst layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for forming an oligomer array and methods for using the same. Such a composition may include an acid stable polymer, a photoacid generator and an organic solvent and may allow for the selective attachment of oligormers at one or more desired positions on a substrate using long wavelength light.

Abstract: A highly specific and versatile surface chemistry for immobilization of amine-terminated probes is disclosed. A bi-layered polymer thin film serves as the platform for coupling the probes, which are preferably oligonucleotides. The process involves sequentially coating a substrate with polyamine and polyacid anhydride. Hydrolyzed polyacid anhydride groups may be converted to non-hydrolyzed groups at about 100° C. prior to probe attachment. The process of coating the substrate requires no harsh chemical pretreatment of substrates such as RCA or Piranha cleaning. In addition, simple thermal activation of the anhydride groups has a low requirement for storage, leading to a long shelf life of modified surfaces. The disclosed surface chemistry is especially compatible with microfabrication processes, and its effective application to magnetic biosensors is demonstrated.

Abstract: Methods of performing confocal laser microscopy on a polymer array disposed on a silicon wafer substrate, the method comprising the steps of providing a silicon wafer substrate having a top side and a bottom side, coating the top side of the silicon wafer with an oxide coating to provide an oxide coated wafer, covalently coupling a plurality of probes to the top side of the coated wafer to provide a fixed polymer array, hybridizing the fixed polymer array with a plurality of labeled ligands, and assaying for one or more hybridized ligands using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy to detect hybridization are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to artificial receptors, arrays or microarrays of artificial receptors or candidate artificial receptors, methods of and compositions for making them, and methods of using them. Each artificial receptor includes a building block molecule that is a peptide of Formula: R1R2N—R3—(R4)n—X—(R5)m—Y—C(O)—R6, Tether-R1NH—Z-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-X-Ala-Y—C(O)—R6, R1R2NH—Z-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-X-Ala-Y—C(O)-Tether, Linker-R1NH—Z-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-X-Ala-Y—C(O)—R6, or R1R2NH—Z-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-X-Ala-Y—C(O)-Linker.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for forming self-assembly arrays of substances, such as nanoparticles, on a substrate are disclosed. The apparatus may include a substrate supporting a liquid composition including the substance and a solvent, and a removable micro-mold placed over the substrate and the liquid composition. To form the self assembly arrays of the substance, the solvent may be evaporated through at least one evaporation channel formed between the micro-mold and the substrate. The evaporation channel may be adjustable by subjecting the micro-mold to a positive pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to peptide conjugates including at least one turn inducer wherein the turn inducer comprises a 5-7 membered saturated or unsaturated nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring and methods of making the peptides. Libraries of these peptides, methods of making the libraries are also described and methods of screening the libraries for therapeutic activity are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein P1, P2, P3, and P4 are each independently hydrogen or a protecting group; and n is an integer of from 2 to 20 and to the use of such compounds for the synthesis of 18F-FDG.

Abstract: The present invention provides solid substrates comprising a small number of molecules, for example, ten or less molecules on the convex surface, e.g., on the apex, and methods for producing and using the same.

Abstract: A substrate comprising a microporous microstructure, an interlayer over at least a portion of the microstructure and a functional layer attached to the interlayer, the functional layer having functional sites with a density of at least 50 nanomoles/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention provides cellular screening substrata which can be formed in simple processing steps. The cellular screening substrata can be formed which are characterized in that plural cellular screening substances are positioned and immobilized at predetermined positions on a base by micro-droplet discharging means, and plural areas having different cellular screening functions are formed thereon.

Abstract: Novel processes are disclosed for forming an array of polymers by functionalizing the surface of particles by methods that include covalently attaching a functionalized silicon compound. Substrates such as microparticles having functionalized silicon compounds attached thereto are produced by introducing at least one carboxyl group directly by silanating a carboxylated silane compound to the surface of a microparticle. In a further aspect of the invention, the silane compound is a dipodal carboxylated silane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for immobilizing a target protein to the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance such as glass without modifying the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance by using a protein binding strongly to silicon oxide-containing substance. A protein capable binding strongly to silicon oxide-containing substance such as glass has been found, and thus a target protein can be directly bound and immobilized to the surface of silicon oxide-containing substance via the found protein. In addition, a fusion protein of the found protein and a target protein can be bound and immobilized to silicon oxide-containing substance.

Abstract: Materials and methods for photodirected synthesis of oligonucleotide arrays on a solid substrate by photodirected synthesis are disclosed which employ a film formed from (i) a photoacid generator that on photolysis generates acid that is capable of directly removing the protecting group of the linker molecules or oligonucleotides and (ii) a polymer substantially lacking electronegative heteroatoms that are capable of hydrogen bonding with photogenerated acid. Methods of synthesizing an oligomer arrays are also described that use a film that restricts diffusion of reactants and products on the substrate during synthesis of the array and which includes a precursor of a deprotecting reagent. The method involves removing one or more of the non-required products of the deprotection reaction from the reactive array elements at which they are produced during the reaction, in order to displace the deprotection reaction towards completion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microanalysis chip adhesive sheet with an adhesive surface, which can be inexpensively but easily bonded to a substrate at a relatively low temperature, with which fabrication of analysis chips is simplified, and which has the capability of fixing a selective bonding substance to the sheet surface. The microanalysis chip is characterized in that a microanalysis chip adhesive sheet, which comprises a plastic sheet provided with an adhesive layer formed from an adhesive that contains a polymer in which monomer structural units that contain carboxyl radicals or acid anhydride radicals constitute 5-25% by weight of the [total] monomer structural units in the polymer, and a substrate, which has protrusions and recesses on the surface thereof, are bonded together so that the surface of the substrate having the projections and concavities and the adhesive layer of the aforementioned microanalysis chip adhesive sheet are on the inside.

Abstract: A multiplexed array and method for fabricating a multiplexed array are disclosed. The multiplexed array includes a hydrophobic barrier formed on a substrate. The hydrophobic barrier includes a plurality of wells in which microarrays are located. A liquid cover slip is positioned to seal each of the wells.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing biological polymers such as DNA or proteins, on a solid support, by ionocovalent bond, for making biochips, and the resulting chips obtained by the method. Also, a kit for the preparation of the chips.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of fabricating a microarray. The method includes: (a) providing a substrate having at least two layers of different chemical reactivity, wherein a well in an outer layer exposes an inner layer; (b) contacting the substrate with a first reagent specifically reactive with the outer layer to produce a first modified layer; (c) contacting the substrate with a second reagent specifically reactive with the inner layer of the substrate to produce a modified inner layer, wherein the modified inner layer has a higher affinity for a biopolymer than the modified outer layer, and (d) depositing the biopolymer onto the modified inner layer within the well, wherein the higher affinity of the modified inner layer facilitates localization of the biopolymer onto the well. Methods of fabricating a microarray which include polishing a substrate or functionalizing a plurality of features with a reactive reagent also are provided.

Abstract: Combinations, called matrices with memories, of matrix materials with remotely addressable or remotely programmable recording devices that contain at least one data storage unit are provided. The matrix materials are those that are used in as supports in solid phase chemical and biochemical syntheses, immunoassays and hybridization reactions. The matrix materials may additionally include fluophors or other luminescent moieties to produce luminescing matrices with memories. The data storage units are non-volatile antifuse memories or volatile memories, such as EEPROMS, DRAMS or flash memory. By virtue of this combination, molecules and biological particles, such as phage and viral particles and cells, that are in proximity or in physical contact with the matrix combination can be labeled by programming the memory with identifying information and can be identified by retrieving the stored information. Combinations of matrix materials, memories, and linked molecules and biological materials are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides high unit density arrays of microparticles and methods of assembling such arrays. The microparticles in the arrays may be functionalized with chemical or biological entities specific to a given target analyte. The high unit density arrays of this invention are formed on chips which may be combined to form multichip arrays according to the methods described herein. The chips and/or multichip arrays of this invention are useful for chemical and biological assays.

Abstract: Improved biochips comprise a matrix layer coupled to a substrate, wherein the matrix layer includes a plurality of ligands in a plurality of predetermined positions and wherein ligands bind to an anti-ligand disposed in a sample fluid. Preferred matrix layers are multi-functional matrix layers that reduce autofluorescence, incident-light-absorption, charge-effects, and/or surface unevenness of the substrate, and contemplated biochips may comprise additional matrix layers. Contemplated biochips may be useful in detection and/or quantification of various anti-ligands, including polypeptides, polynucleotides, carbohydrates, pharmacologically active molecules, bacterial or eukaryotic cells, and/or viruses.

Abstract: The formation of arrays of fullerene nanotubes is described. A microscopic molecular array of fullerene nanotubes is formed by assembling subarrays of up to 106 fullerene nanotubes into a composite array.

Abstract: Provided is a method of attaching a substance to a surface, which method comprises contacting a surface comprising amine reactive groups with a substance labelled with a peptide tag such that the substance is covalently attached to the surface via the peptide tag, wherein the peptide tag comprises one or more histidine residues, one of which is a terminal histidine residue having a free N-terminal amino group. Also provided is a method of processing or analysis which comprises a method of attaching a substance to a surface as detailed above and comprises one or more further steps of processing or analysing the substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of a hydrogel surface useful in the formation and manipulation of arrays of molecules, particularly polynucleotides and to the chemical modification of these and other arrays. In particular, the invention relates to a method of preparing a hydrogel immobilised to a solid support comprising polymerising on the support a mixture of a first comonomer which is acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or N-vinyl pyrrolidinone and a second comonomer which is a functionalised acrylamide or acrylate.

Abstract: A method is of producing a microarray substrate that includes a substrate, a partition that is formed on a surface of the substrate, and an area that is positioned over the substrate and defined by the partition. The method includes forming a first film on the substrate using a radiation-sensitive composition. The radiation-sensitive composition includes a coloring agent (A) including at least one of a violet pigment (a2) and a compound (a1) shown by a formula (1) in which each of R1 and R2 represents one of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and an amino group having 0 to 5 carbon atoms. The first film is patterned by lithography to form the partition.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing a target material on a substrate includes applying a voltage across a first solution including the target material in contact with a surface of a film including a pore disposed therein, a second solution in contact with an opposite surface of the film, and a substrate disposed facing the opposite surface of the film, moving the target material from the first solution, through the pore of the film into the second solution, and immobilizing the target material on the substrate.

Abstract: Methods for preparing useful patterns of biomolecules on solid supports employ particle printing lithography techniques whereby suspensions of different bioconjugates are loaded onto portions of a master pattern formed by a series of portions in a support that are compatible with an attractive force to which the bioconjugates respond. The master pattern of the bioconjugates can then be transferred to a biocompatible matrix for biological and medical applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides disposable, semi-reusable, or single use reaction vessels with integrated optical elements for use with diffraction based assay systems. The vessel for assaying liquids for analytes includes a housing having at least one chamber or well for receiving a liquid therein and an optical element integrally formed with the housing for directing an incident light beam towards the well or chamber and directing a light beam away from the chamber after the light beam has interacted with analytes present in the liquid. The vessel may be test tube such as a blood collection tube, with or without, an optical element but having a pattern of analyte-specific receptors located on an inner surface of the tube wall so that when a liquid is introduced into the interior of the test tube analytes present in the liquid can bind with the pattern of analyte-specific receptors.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of immobilizing the biologically active substance which has an excellent capability of immobilizing a target biologically active substance, and exhibits low nonspecific adsorption of the biologically active substance to provide a high S/N ratio, without using a functional group for fixing the biologically active substance and without having a process of inactivating the functional group for fixing the biologically active substance after immobilizing the biologically active substance. The above object is achieved by a method of immobilizing a biologically active substance comprising the step of: bringing a solution into contact with a compound-side surface of an immobilizing substrate to immobilize the biologically active substance on a surface of the immobilizing substrate, the solution being prepared by dissolving the biologically active substance in a phosphate buffer having a phosphate concentration of 0.

Abstract: A method, device and system for hybridizing a target oligonucleotide to at least one array comprising a plurality of mixing beads are provided. A target solution is mixed by agitating the mixing beads while the target oligonucleotides are hybridizing to the complementary probes on the array. In another embodiment, a permeable barrier contains the mixing beads, thereby preventing them from contacting the array surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of immobilizing a particle which comprise focusing the flow of a sample fluid containing the particle into a virtual channel which flows towards an unoccupied hydrodynamic trap in a microfluidic channel such that the particle flows into the hydrodynamic trap and becomes immobilized therein. Also disclosed are microfluidic devices which comprise at least one microchannel having at least one hydrodynamic trap, at least one focusing fluid inlet, said focusing fluid inlet is upstream of the hydrodynamic trap such that a focusing fluid introduced therein results in a virtual channel of a sample fluid when present which preferentially flows toward the hydrodynamic trap.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing a self-organizing material or fine particles on a substrate, and a substrate whereupon the self-organizing material or the fine particles are immobilized. More specifically, the method for immobilizing the fine particles including a nucleic acid (for instance, DNA or RNA) or a metal oxide on the substrate, and the substrate whereupon the nucleic acid (for example, DNA or RNA) or the metal oxide is immobilized.

Abstract: Protective groups which may be cleaved with an activatable deprotecting reagents are employed to achieve a highly sensitive, high resolution, combinatorial synthesis of pattern arrays of diverse polymers. In preferred embodiments of the instant invention, the activatable deprotecting reagent is a photoacid generator and the protective groups are DMT for nucleic acids and tBOC for amino acids. This invention has a wide variety of applications and is particularly useful for the solid phase combinatorial synthesis of polymers.