Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for ejecting droplets using charge concentration and liquid bridge breakup. The droplet ejection apparatus includes a reservoir storing a liquid; a capillary nozzle having a lower end submerged in the liquid stored in the reservoir and an upper end exposed outside the surface of the liquid, the capillary nozzle transferring the liquid to the upper end using capillary force; a potentiostat for applying a voltage to the liquid; a substrate mount on which a substrate is disposed to face the upper end of the capillary nozzle; and a distance adjusting unit for reciprocatingly moving the substrate between first and second positions with respect to the capillary nozzle, wherein the first position denotes a position where a distance between the upper end of the capillary nozzle and the surface of the substrate is less than a effective distance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array of polymers and methods of forming arrays of polymers by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support and a second layer including a plurality of polymers disposed on the first layer. The invention also provides methods for forming an array of polymers on a substrate using light-directed synthesis by providing a substrate having a first layer including one or more dielectric coatings on a solid support, derivatizing the first layer by contacting the first layer with a silanation reagent, and a second layer disposed on said first layer wherein the second layer includes functional groups protected with a photolabile protecting group.

Abstract: Nanotubes and nanotube array structures comprise (a) a nanotube having an inner wall portion; and (b) a bilayer coating formed on the inner wall portions, with the bilayer coating comprised of surfactants. A secondary compound such as a protein, peptide or nucleic acid may be associated with the bilayer coating. The structures are useful for, among other things, affinity purification, catalysis, and as biochips.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel photo-generated carbohydrate arrays and methods of their use to detect the presence of one or more agents in a sample. The invention also relates to a high-throughput strategy to facilitate the identification and immunological characterization of pathogen-specific carbohydrates, including those of Bacillus anthracis. The invention can be used to determine the presence of a pathogen and whether a subject has been exposed to a pathogen, such as by screening for pathogen-specific antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the large scale preparation of arrays of polymer sequences wherein each array includes a plurality of different, positionally distinct polymer sequences having known monomer sequences. The methods of the invention combine high throughput process steps with high resolution photolithographic techniques in the manufacture of polymer arrays.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds comprising a photolabile protecting group and to the use thereof as coupling agents for the functionalisation of solid supports. The invention also relates to the solid supports functionalised by said compounds and to the use of same for the immobilisation of biological molecules of interest, such as nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides massively parallel oligonucleotide synthesis and purification for applications that utilize large collections of defined high-fidelity oligonucleotides (e.g., from about 101 to about 105 different sequences, generally between 25-160 bases in length).

Abstract: The invention provides particle compositions having applications in nucleic acid analysis. Nucleic acid polymer particles of the invention allow polynucleotides to be attached throughout their volumes for higher loading capacities than those achievable solely with surface attachment. In one aspect, nucleic acid polymer particles of the invention comprise polyacrylamide particles with uniform size distributions having low coefficients of variations, which result in reduced particle-to-particle variation in analytical assays. Such particle compositions are used in various amplification reactions to make amplicon libraries from nucleic acid fragment libraries.

Abstract: Novel processes are disclosed for the large scale preparation of arrays of polymer sequences wherein each array includes a plurality of different, positionally distinct polymer sequences having known monomer sequences. In one embodiment, two substrates are processed simultaneously in a reaction chamber, wherein the substrates are facing each other and in contact with a monomer solution. In a further embodiment, multiple rotating flow cells are used in combination with a photolysis equipment to synthesize wafers.

Abstract: A nanostructure composed of a plurality of peptides, each peptide containing at least one aromatic amino acid, whereby one or more of these peptides is end-capping modified, is disclosed. The nanostructure can take a tubular, fibrillar, planar or spherical shape, and can encapsulate, entrap or be coated by other materials. Methods of preparing the nanostructure, and devices and methods utilizing same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A probe medium for being placed on a substrate comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. A process for manufacturing a substrate an immobilized probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with a probe medium comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. Probe medium comprises a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material, and a high boiling solvent. A process for immobilizing a probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with probe medium comprising the probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material and a high boiling solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to two-dimensional photonic crystal arrays and their use in biological sensor chips, including those in the form of microfluidic devices. Methods of making the two-dimensional photonic crystals and biological sensor chips are described herein, as are uses of these devices to detect biological targets in samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for encapsulating biocompatible polymers. The method comprises using a solid support comprising at least one electrically conducting and/or semiconducting region containing a reducible oxide on its surface, wherein at least one zone of this surface is functionalized with an electrografted organic film obtained from electroactive organic precursors each comprising at least one functional group of interest, and wherein the number of functional groups of interest accessible for the formation of a covalent, ionic or hydrogen bond with a complementary group within said film represents at least 90% of the total number of functional organic groups of interest, and wherein the density of the accessible functional groups of interest is between 104/?m2 and 1010/?m2. The method further comprises attaching molecules of interest or objects bearing a complementary function to the solid support.

Abstract: A novel method for two-dimensionally arraying ferritin on a substrate is provided which obviates the need for a metal ion that permits linking between adjacent two ferritin particles. In a method of two-dimensionally arraying ferritin on a substrate, the surface of the substrate is hydrophilic, and the method includes the steps of: developing a solution containing a solvent and the ferritin on the substrate; and removing the solvent from the solution developed on the substrate, while the ferritin has an amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 1 modified at its N-terminus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods involving a spotter apparatus for depositing a substance from a carrier fluid onto a deposition surface in an ordered array, the spotter apparatus comprising a loading surface including a first well and a second well; and a different outlet surface, including a first opening and a second opening, where a first microconduit fluidly couples the first well with the first opening and a second microconduit fluidly couples the second well with the second opening. An overlay is sealed to the outlet surface and penetrated by a deposition channel that is situated to communicate carrier fluid among the first opening, the second opening, and the deposition surface when the overlay is pressed against the deposition surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for selective labeling of target nucleic acids on an array having nucleic acid analogue, e.g. PNA (peptide nucleic acid), probes immobilized on a support or supports, comprising adding to the array a detectable label and an agent for introducing the label into the target nucleic acids, after hybridization between the target nucleic acids and the nucleic acid analogue probes, and a method for detection of target nucleic acids using the same.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to a system and method for making a biomolecule microarray comprising a spacer attachment module adapted to attach a linker to a substrate surface of the biomolecule microarray, a coupling module adapted to couple a molecule to the linker, the molecule being capable of forming a peptide bond and containing a protecting group that prevents the formation of the peptide bond, and a deprotection module adapted to create deprotection of the protecting group with a radiation exposure of about 1-50 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing biological polymers such as DNA or proteins, on a solid support, by ionocovalent bond, for making biochips, and the resulting chips obtained by the method.

Abstract: The synthesis of arrays of DNA probes sequences, polypeptides, and the like is carried out using a patterning process on an active surface of a substrate. An image is projected onto the active surface of the substrate utilizing reflective projection optics. The projection optics project a light image onto the active surface of the substrate to deprotect linker molecules thereon. A first level of bases may then be applied to the substrate, followed by development steps, and subsequent exposure of the substrate utilizing a different light image, with further repeats until the elements of a two dimensional array on the substrate surface have an appropriate base bound thereto.

Abstract: To provide an electronic component mounting system and an electronic component mounting method which can prevent a mounting failure due to positional error in a height direction of a substrate and ensure mounting quality. The electronic component mounting system includes a plurality of electronic component mounting devices connected to one another and mounts an electronic component on a substrate to manufacture a mounting substrate. A print test device for testing the substrate after solder printing measures a height position of a height measurement point set on the upper surface of the substrate 4 by a height measuring machine 22 and outputs a measurement result as substrate height data. In a component placing step using an electronic component placing device, a control parameter for controlling a component placing operation of the placing head 32 is updated.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating of high aspect ratio probes and deforming micropillars and nanopillars are described. Use of polymers in deforming nanopillars and micropillars is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for determining the presence or absence of a genetic defect in an IVF embryo prior to transfer comprising identifying a set of informative SNPs in the genotype of the embryo's parents; assaying the genotype of two or more informative SNPs from the set of informative SNPs on one or more chromosomes collected from a cell of the embryo; determining the presence or absence of a genetic defect in the embryo based on the genotype of the two or more informative SNPs on one or more chromosomes of the embryo; and selecting a candidate IVF embryo determined to be without genetic defect for transfer.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate that is used to produce a microarray, wherein the substrate includes; a fiducial mark disposed on the substrate, and a probe immobilization region disposed on the substrate, wherein a surface of the first fiducial mark is a hydrophobic and a probe immobilization compound is immobilized on the probe immobilization region.

Abstract: The invention provides a new process for the preparation of polypyrrolinones (I) of various sizes which have found to be useful peptidomimetics. One aspect of the invention is a new process utilizing ?-amino-?-substituted-valerolactones as synthons. A second aspect of the invention is a process for the synthesis of polypyrrolinones using solid-phase techniques.

Abstract: A method of sorting mixtures of nucleic acid strands comprising hybridizing the strands to an array of immobilized oligonucleotides, each of which includes a constant segment adjacent to a variable segment. The constant segment of the immobilized oligonucleotides can be made complementary to the ends of strands obtained by digesting a double-stranded nucleic acid with a restriction enzyme and restoring the restriction sites, thereby permitting the sorting of strands according to their variable sequences adjacent to their constant terminal restored restriction sites.

Abstract: Compositions and methods to modify the surface of particles to which biomolecules are attached are disclosed. The particles can include beads and nanoparticles which are composed of metallics, metal alloys, glass, polymers and derivatives and composites thereof. The surface of the particles are modified to be hydrophilic for ease in the attachment of biomolecules to the particle surface and immobilization of the particles to a substrate to facilitate process such as nucleic acid sequencing, PCR and sequencing by ligation.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing unmodified material using a metal-ion approach is provided wherein the material is immobilized on a surface in an active state on surface features coupled with metal-ions.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic particle parallel processing apparatus permitting repeated use of a container, and a method of magnetic particle parallel processing permitting repeated use of a container, with which the rate of repeated use of a container is enhanced to thereby achieve a saving in the working space and a saving in the working time. The apparatus comprises: at least one reaction container; a liquid disposal tank; a reagent etc.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and devices for rapidly assembling high density biomolecular arrays.

Abstract: This invention pertains to methods of imparting information onto nucleic acid sequences. In specific embodiments, the present invention provides site-specific recombinase systems and error-prone polymerase systems to alter nucleotide sequences such as DNA and mini-genomes, as well as for the production of microarrays. The present invention also provides methods of analyzing the modified nucleotides sequences provided herein. Methods of engineering and screening for novel modified polymerases that incorporate chain terminating nucleotides and/or labeled nucleotides more efficiently than wild-type polymerases are also provided.

Abstract: Activated Supports, support-bound activators, strongly acidic supports, and silylating supports are provided; the activated support having the formula (I) wherein L is a linking group component; X is F, CL, OH, and trisubstituted silyloxy; and the shaded circle represents a solid or semi-solid support. Methods of using the activated supports in solid phase organic sync) thesis are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an AP205 virus like particle (VLP) and an antigen. The invention also provides a process for producing an antigen or antigenic determinant bound to AP205 VLP. AP205 VLP bound to an antigen is useful in the production of compositions for inducing immune responses that are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions including infectious diseases, allergies, cancer, drug addiction, poisoning and to efficiently induce self-specific immune responses, in particular antibody responses.

Abstract: Provided is a PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid) chip in which a probe PNA containing a desired DNA sequence is immobilized on a plastic substrate coated with an epoxy group-containing polymer. Therefore, single-stranded PNAs can be immobilized on a transparent plastic substrate by means of an epoxy group-containing polymer layer in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Fluorescence signal detection based on PNA/DNA hybridization enables identification of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism).

Abstract: Method and reagent composition for covalent attachment of target molecules, such as nucleic acids, onto the surface of a substrate. The reagent composition includes groups capable of covalently binding to the target molecule. Optionally, the composition can contain photoreactive groups for use in attaching the reagent composition to the surface. The reagent composition can be used to provide activated slides for use in preparing microarrays of nucleic acids.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing amino-group containing molecules onto surfaces and devices having immobilized isocyanate-group containing molecules prepared by the method are disclosed. The method comprises reacting a surface (i.e., glass surface) having free hydroxyl groups with a silyl isocyanate derivatizing agent to provide immobilized reactive moieties, the agent having a formula: (R1O)(R2O)(R3O)Si—X—NCO wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently represents C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, or aryl substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 alkoxy; X represents linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl or aryl substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 alkoxy, optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms comprising oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur and reacting the immobilized reactive moieties with the amino group-containing molecule so as to immobilize said molecule on the surface.

Abstract: A method of producing a microarray having an immobilized double-stranded nucleic acid probe including a double-stranded region and a single-stranded region includes immobilizing nucleic acids by synthesizing nucleic acids by using photolithography and hybridizing nucleic acids. A microarray with a high spot density and with immobilized long probes may be prepared.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for direct characterization of microdomains and/or three-dimensional microstructure arrays bearing high densities of reactive sites using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometery (MALDI-MS) and other analytical techniques. The high site density of the arrays can provide sufficient sample of each array element and/or materials bound to each element to obtain directly using common analytical techniques such as MALDI-MS. Spatially directed synthesis of heteropolymers is done through the use of pliotolabile, electrically labile, and chemically labile protecting group(s).

Abstract: Methods for screening and arranging microorganisms such as viruses in an array using subtractive contact printing are provided. In one embodiment, a method for forming an array of receptors for microorganisms comprises: patterning an array of structures on a first substrate to form a template on a surface of the first substrate; applying a receptor material to a face of a second substrate; and contacting the face of the second substrate with the template to remove a portion of the receptor material from the second substrate, thereby forming an array of receptors on the second substrate.

Abstract: Nanoparticle arrays formed from nanoparticle-bound oligonucleotides bound to single-stranded DNA templates and methods for making the nanoparticle arrays.

Abstract: A combinatorial library includes a gelcast substrate defining a plurality of cavities in at least one surface thereof; and a plurality of gelcast test materials in the cavities, at least two of the test materials differing from the substrate in at least one compositional characteristic, the two test materials differing from each other in at least one compositional characteristic.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating dense arrays of polymeric molecules in a highly multiplexed manner are provided using semiconductor-processing-derived lithographic methods. Advantageously, the methods are adaptable to the synthesis of a variety of polymeric compounds. For example, arrays of branched peptides and polymers joined by peptide bonds may be fabricated in a highly multiplexed manner. Additionally, peptides that adopt helical structures are synthesized on a substrate surface and arrays are created having one or more features containing peptides capable of forming helixes.

Abstract: Simple and convenient methods for arranging molecules of interest in a pre-determined pattern are described. The methods use combinatorial hybridization based on interactions between complementary nucleic acid sequences to arrange the molecules of interest. The resulting arrangements, kits containing the components used in the methods, and methods of using the resulting arrangements are also disclosed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods of making a mixture of nucleic acid molecules, the methods comprising the steps of: synthesizing on a substrate a population of nucleic acid molecules wherein each synthesized nucleic acid molecule comprises a substrate-attached proximal nucleic acid molecule, a distal nucleic acid molecule, and a cleavable linker linking the proximal nucleic acid molecule to the distal nucleic acid molecule, and harvesting distal nucleic acid molecules from the substrate by cleaving the cleavable linker under conditions that do not release the proximal nucleic acid molecule. Related compositions and kits are also provided.

Abstract: Free radical living polymerization attached nanocluster (metal oxide, e.g., gamma-Fe2O3 or FeO nanocluster or quantum dot (e.g., CdSe) nanocluster, are used for polymerization of polymer or copolymer to provide nanocomposite polymers or copolymer arms around nanoclusters.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and arrays for non-random loading of single analyte molecules into array structures are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides combinatorial encoding nucleic acid tiling arrays and methods for their use and synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention provides for oligonucleotide arrays wherein the oligonucleotides comprise six-membered sugar-ring nucleosides, especially tetrahydropyran nucleosides, more specifically altritol nucleosides. The present invention also provides for the use of said oligonucleotide arrays for detecting target molecules in samples (diagnostic or experimental use). The present invention also provides for a method of detecting target molecules in samples by using said oligonucleotide arrays comprising six-membered sugar-ring nucleosides.

Abstract: A method for coimmobilizing two or more biomolecules on a substrate in a defined ratio is disclosed. The method uses a copolymer conjugated to a number, N, of different types of oligonucleotides. The copolymer can be adsorbed to the surface of the substrate. N types of oligonucleotides complementary to the copolymer-bound oligonucleotides can be conjugated to N types of biomolecules. The types of the copolymer-bound oligonucleotides can be mixed in a defined ratio then adsorbed to the surface. The biomolecule-bound complementary oligonucletides can be conjugated to the copolymer-oligonucleotides to create a substrate with the biomolecules coimmobilized in a defined ratio. The invention also relates to a substrate prepared by the method of the invention.

Abstract: A probe-array substrate includes a plurality of probe holding units each having a projection that exhibits a hydrophilicity and a hydrophobic region disposed so as to surround each of the probe holding units. The probe-array substrate can further include an inspection region for use in checking whether mixture of probe solutions is present among the plurality of probe holding units. The inspection region is disposed between the neighboring probe holding units across the hydrophobic region.