Abstract: Complex detergents provide improved deposit control and corrosion protection in crankcase lubricants.

Abstract: A process for producing an overbased oil soluble calcium sulfonate, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a substrate comprising a sulfonic acid or a calcium salt of a sulfonic acid, with at least one alcohol, a diluent oil, a carboxylic acid, an acidic material, water and calcium oxide to form a mixture; (b) heating the mixture to its reflux point to form a neutral calcium salt of the acid moieties; (c) removing a substantial portion of distillable solvents to form an intermediate residue; (d) adding to the intermediate residue at least one alcohol, a surfactant, calcium oxide and water such that for every 100 parts of substrate, there are not more than 25 parts water to form an intimate mixture having a direct base number of 90-250; (e) heating said intimate mixture (d) to below its reflux point to form a heated intimate mixture; (f) passing gaseous carbon dioxide into the heated intimate mixture (e) to form an overbased calcium sulfonate and a mixture of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and regenerated w

Abstract: Novel colloidal calcium thio-phosphorous products are described which can be obtained by a process comprising adding at least one phosphorus sulphide to colloidal lime in the presence of solvent, then heating the mixture, with stirring, then eliminating the solvent. These products can be used as anti-wear and extreme pressure additives in lubricating oils.

Abstract: Magnesium low base number (LBN) sulphonates derived from high molecular weight sulphonic acids have low viscosity and are chloride free. The magnesium low base number sulphonates are not skin sensitisers. In their preparation neutralisation of high molecular weight sulphonic acids or partially neutralised soaps of high molecular weight sulphonic acids is completed by the use of a high base number sulphonate in conjunction with a carboxylic acid. The process does not require the use of chloride containing promoters and produces low chloride products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a metal working oil composition comprising the following components (A), (B), and (C), and optionally (D):(A): a lubrication base oil,(B): 0.1-30% by weight of an overbasic alkaline earth metal sulfonate with respect to the total weight of the composition,(C): 0.1-30% by weight of an overbasic alkali metal sulfonate with respect to the total weight of the composition, and(D): 0-30% by weight of a sulfur-containing extreme-pressure agent.

Abstract: A low phosphorus passenger car motor oil containing an oil of lubricating viscosity as the major component and a tri-metal detergent mixture as a minor component, wherein the tri-metal detergent mixture comprises at least one calcium overbased metal detergent, at least one magnesium overbased metal detergent and at least one sodium overbased metal detergent, wherein the tri-metal detergent mixture is present in the oil composition in an amount such that the total TBN contributed to the oil composition by the tri-metal detergent mixture is from about 2 to about 12, and wherein the calcium overbased detergent contributes from about 8 to about 42% of the total TBN contributed by the tri-metal detergent mixture, the magnesium overbased detergent contributes from about 29 to about 60% of the total TBN contributed by the tri-metal detergent mixture, and the sodium overbased detergent contributes from about 15 to about 64% of the total TBN contributed by the tri-metal detergent mixture.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition suitable for use in low or medium speed diesel engines comprises a fuel oil with a residual oil content characterised in that the lubricating oil composition further comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate concentrate having a TBN greater than 300, and at least one of a hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate and a hydrocarbyl-substitute sulphonate. The hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate is preferably one modified by incorporation of a carboxylic acid of the formula RCH(R.sub.1)CO.sub.2 H where R is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 alkyl group and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group e.g. stearic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a low ash natural gas engine oil which contains an additive package including a particular combination of detergents and also containing other standard additives such as dispersants, antioxidants, antiwear agents, metal deactivators, antifoamants and pour point depressants and viscosity index improvers. The low ash natural gas engine oil exhibits reduced deposit formation and enhanced resistance to oil oxidation and nitration.

Abstract: A cutting or grinding oil composition comprising (A) a base oil and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of dibasic acids having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, tribasic acids having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and ester derivatives of these acids; and a cutting or grinding oil composition comprising component (A) described above, component (B) described above, (C) a compound containing sulfur, and/or (D) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of perbasic alkali metal sulfonates and perbasic alkaline earth metal sulfonates are disclosed. By using the oil composition, increase in working efficiency, such as suppressed wear of working tools and superior precision of a finished surface, can be achieved.

Abstract: A metal working oil composition having a kinematic viscosity of 20 cSt or less at a temperature of 40.degree. C. is herein disclosed which comprises (A) 10% by weight or more of an n-.alpha.-olefin (e.g. 1-hexadecene) and (B) an overbased sulfonate having a total base number of 350 mg.multidot.KOH/g or more in such an amount that the total base number of the composition is 12.5 mg.multidot.KOH/g or more. The metal working oil composition is particularly suitable as a press lubricant for aluminum alloys, has an excellent mass workability, and is more excellent in coating workability, lubricity, degreasing properties, weldability, etc. than a conventional solid coating type lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition is described which comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and(A) at least about 1% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting(A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the substituent with(A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN<group; and(B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a carboxylic acid or a mixture of a carboxylic acid and an organic sulfonic acid sufficient to provide at least about 0.