Abstract: Methods for diagnosing and treating chronic fatigue syndrome in a patient comprise, for example, testing tissue of the patient for the presence of nucleic acid molecules of one or more CFS-causing herpesviruses and one or more non-herpesvirus infectious agents, and diagnosing the patient's CFS as (a) caused by one or more herpesvirus and no non-herpesvirus infectious agent; (b) caused by one or more herpesviruses and at least one non-herpesvirus infectious agent; (c) not caused by a herpesvirus and caused by at least one non-herpesvirus infectious agent; and (d) not caused by a herpesvirus and not caused by at least one non-herpesvirus infectious agent. In some embodiments, the methods of treating comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one pharmaceutical composition for each herpesvirus and/or non-herpesvirus infectious agent present found in the patient.

Abstract: An orthopedic implant suitable for insertion into the body of a subject, the implant comprising: a metal substrate having one or more surfaces operable to contact a bone tissue or soft tissue when implanted into the subject; a coating comprising a resorbable polymer impregnated with an admixture of a rifamycin antibiotic and a second antibiotic selected from the group consisting of tetracyclines, penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, or vancomycin. The adhered coating layer present on the one or more surfaces is capable of releasing the rifamycin and second antibiotics in an antimicrobially effective amount. Method for making an antibiotic coated implant by mixing a resorbable polymer mixture with an antibiotic solution forming a coating solution, applying the coating solution to a surface of the implant and evaporating the solvent from the coated layer.

Abstract: Methods for treating a host suffering from a chronic immune disease, e.g., MS or CFS, are provided. In practicing the subject methods, an effective amount of an elastase inhibitory agent, e.g., a ?-lactam containing compound, is administered to the host. Also provided are compositions for use in practicing the subject methods.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for preparing a 2,26,6-d4-morpholine derivative represented by Structural Formula (I): or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of the toxic effects of therapeutic agents and methods of treating or preventing such toxicity using a toxicity reducing amount of N-acetylcysteine either alone or in combination with a therapeutically effective amount or, to achieve its therapeutic advantages, an amount larger than what is customarily given as a therapeutically effective amount, of a therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cephalosporin compound of formula I, wherein R1 is selected from the following groups: wherein R2 is selected from the following groups: the preparation and uses thereof. A method of preparing the cephalosporin compound as disclosed herein comprises reacting a starting cephalosporin comprising a C7 amino group and a C3 thio-methyl moiety substituted with an N-containing heterocyclic group with bromoacetyl bromide and then with a N,N?-bissubstituted thiourea. Methods of treating an infectious disease are also disclosed, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising: at least one ?-lactam antibiotic and at least one ion-chelating agent; wherein when said pharmaceutical composition is used as an anti-microbial drug, it optionally comprises further at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition, comprising: at least one ?-lactam antibiotic and at least one buffer component; wherein when the pharmaceutical composition is used as an anti-microbial drug, it optionally comprises further at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic mixed with the ?-lactam antibiotic and the buffer component.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing infection at a surgical site comprising a bony defect and an implanted metal device is disclosed. Biodegradable microspheres are placed at the site and are capable of near-linear controlled release of an antibiotic agent for a predetermined period of time. The microspheres are configured to be large enough to avoid being phagocytosed and removed from the body, and small enough in diameter to not physically inhibit bone growth at said bony defect site. The microspheres are formed of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sufficient antibiotic agent to produce bactericidal levels in body tissues. The microspheres exhibit near-linear delivery of the antibiotic agent for at least 4 weeks at levels exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for organisms commonly found to be the cause of infections, and facilitate bone ingrowth or regrowth at the site.

Abstract: The present application describes deuterium-enriched ceftriaxone, pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, and methods of treating using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1-R4 and A have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting ?-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of ?-lactam antibiotics, and for treating ?-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), and intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: A compound of formula wherein the substituents have various meanings, useful as a pharmaceutical.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I wherein one of A and B is hydrogen and the other an optionally substituted fused bicyclic heteroaryl group; and X is O, pharmaceutical compositions and the use thereof for the treatment of bacterial infection or disease in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, for example, cefditoren pivoxil, useful in the treatment and prevention of infections and related conditions. The invention provides a composition which comprises nanoparticulate particles comprising the cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof and at least one surface stabilizer. The nanoparticulate particles have an effective average particle size of less than about 2000 nm. The invention provides also a composition that delivers a cefditoren, or a salt, derivative, prodrug, or other form thereof, or nanoparticles comprising the same, in a pulsatile or continuous manner.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: (wherein, T is S, SO or O; X is halogen, CN, carbamoyl optionally substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, or lower alkylthio; A is substituted lower alkylene (wherein the substituent is optionally substituted mono lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkylidene, or optionally substituted lower alkylene); Z+ is an optionally substituted, a cation and an N atom-containing heterocyclic group), ester, amino-protected compound wherein the amino bonds to a thiazole ring at the 7-position, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides cross-linked glycopeptide-cephalosporin compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as antibiotics. This invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds; methods for treating bacterial infections in a mammal using such compounds; and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1-R4 and A have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting ?-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of ?-lactam antibiotics, and for treating ?-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, (C1-C10)alkyl, (C2-C10)alkenyl, (C2-C10)alkenyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C1-C10)alkanoyl, (C1-C10)alkanoyloxy, (C1-C10)alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, heterocycle, halo, cyano, nitro, —COORe, —C(?O)NRfRg, —OC(?O)NRfRg, NRfRg, or —S(O)nRh; R3 is hydrogen, halo, aryl, heteroaryl, —S(O)nRh, or —CH?CHC(?O)NRmRp; R4 is hydrogen; A is thio, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl; and intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: A cephem compound (particularly its crystal) represented by the formula [I], wherein X is CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH or CH3CN, and n is 0 to 5, is useful as an antibacterial agent (particularly anti-MRSA agent) and shows superior quality such as high solid stability, possible long-term stable preservation and the like.

Abstract: Derivatives of 7-alkylidene cephalosporanic acid sulfone and the pharmaceutically active salts thereof are found to be potent inhibitors of &bgr;-lactamase enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical compounds having the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. R1 is selected from the group consisting of: R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CH3—, FCH2—, F2CH— R3 is selected from the group consisting of: X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, —NH2, —N(CH3)2, —HSO2NH2, —SO2NH2 and —SCH3. The subscript n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A compound of formula wherein Ac, R1 and R2 have various meanings, a process for a preparation thereof and its use as a pharmaceutical, i.e. as antibacterial agent.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the preparation of orally administrable, yellow and powdery compositions essentially consisting of particles composed of a homogeneous mixture of an amorphous Cefditoren pivoxil substance with a water soluble high-molecular additive. These compositions can be produced by dissolving crystalline Cefditoren pivoxil substance and the water-soluble high-molecular additive in an aqueous solution of an acid, then neutralizing the resultant solution, to co-precipitate the product, and drying the thus precipitated product, followed by recovering the product in the form of the above-mentioned particles.

Abstract: A compound useful as an anti-bacterial agent, having the formula wherein R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached forms a cyclic aminoguanidine group or derivative thereof as defined

Abstract: A compound of formula 1

Abstract: Process for preparing ceftiofur having formula 1: 1

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I and IV: wherein R1-R11 and A have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting &bgr;-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of &bgr;-lactam antibiotics, and for treating &bgr;-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula I and IV, and novel intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula I and IV. The A can be, for example, thio, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl.

Abstract: A composition comprising:

Abstract: Processes are provided for the preparation of orally administrable, yellow and powdery compositions essentially consisting of particles composed of a homogeneous mixture of an amorphous Cefditoren pivoxil substance with a water soluble high-molecular additive. These compositions can be produced by dissolving crystalline Cefditoren pivoxil substance and the water-soluble high-molecular additive in an aqueous solution of an acid, then neutralizing the resultant solution, to co-precipitate the product, and drying the thus precipitated product, followed by recovering the product in the form of the above-mentioned particles.

Abstract: A novel crystal of 7&bgr;-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-(hydroxyimino)acetamido]-3-[pyrazol-4-yl)methylthio]3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Derivatives of 7-alkylidene cephalosporanic acid sulfone and the pharmaceutically active salts thereof are found to be potent inhibitors of &bgr;-lactamase enzymes.

Abstract: Process of depleting 7-amino-3-[(E)-2-(4-methyl-5-thiazolyl)vinyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid in Z/E mixtures of 7-amino-3-[2-(4-methyl-5-thiazolyl)vinyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid

Abstract: The present invention relates to cephem-derivatives and to a process for their preparation, having proper substituents at C-2 position, i.e. heterocyclylthio or acyloxy group. They are potent protease inhibitors, in particular human leucocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitors.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or protected amino,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or hydroxy protective group,R.sup.3 is carboxy or protected carboxy,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, lower alkenyl, acyloxy(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic(lower)alkenyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic(lower)alkenylthio, optionally substituted heterocyclic(lower)alkylthio, or optionally substituted heterocyclic-thio(lower)alkylthio andR5 is halogen or lower alkyland pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is useful as a medicament for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for targeting toxic antimetabolites to gram negative infections. It provides a means of taking advantage of a key disease resistance mechanism to activate these drugs locally, and to overcome the resistance phenotype of the microbes. The invention further provides a method for selecting for antibiotic sensitivity, since a likely mechanism by which organisms are likely to gain resistance to the prodrugs is via loss of enzyme activity, which will make the bacteria sensitive to antibiotics once again.

Abstract: The invention relates to antimicrobial compositions comprising a combination of (1) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I ##STR1## with (2) a second ingredient selected from carbapenem antibiotics or with .beta.-lactamase inhibitors, to the use of the compositions for producing a medicament for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, including MRSA infections, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the combination.

Abstract: Use of a compound of formula (I) wherein R represents hydrogen or chlorine, for preparing an immunosuppressive medicament.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations comprising ceftriaxone in combination with a penem of formula (I) in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2 is a ring system of formula (II), wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or one or more substituents; m is 2 or 3; p is 0, 1 or 2; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt-forming cation or a pharmaceutically acceptable in-vivo hydrolysable ester-forming group; and with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The formulations have antibacterial activity, the compound of formula (I) acting as a .beta.-lactamase inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel compounds of formula ##STR1## where A, B, D, and E are selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, R.sup.99 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, SO, SO.sub.2, NH, N-alkyl, oxygen, C.dbd.C (cis or trans), and C.tbd.C, and R.sup.12 is NR.sup.13 R.sup.14, ##STR2## The invention also includes the pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to .beta.-lactam antibiotics and are useful as antibacterial agents. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful for making the novel compounds of the present invention and to novel methods for producing the novel compounds and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel compounds of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.99 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, SO, SO.sub.2, NH, N-alkyl, oxygen, C.dbd.C (cis or trans), and C.tbd.C, and R.sup.12 is ##STR2## The invention also includes the pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to .beta.-lactam antibiotics and are useful as antibacterial agents. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful for making the novel compounds of the present invention and to novel methods for producing the novel compounds and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides novel cephalosporin derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## and salts thereof for use in pharmaceutical compositions. Also novel precursors for synthesis of the cephalosporins are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel compounds of formula where A, B, D, and E are selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, R.sup.99 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, SO, S0.sub.2, NH, N-alkyl, oxygen, C.dbd.C (cis or trans), and C.tbd.C, and R.sup.12 is NR.sup.13 R.sup.14, ##STR1## The invention also includes the pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to .beta.-lactam antibiotics and are useful as antibacterial agents. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful for making the novel compounds of the present invention and to novel methods for producing the novel compounds and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The present invention includes novel compounds of formula ##STR1## where G, H, J, L and M are carbon or nitrogen, R.sup.99 is selected from the group consisting of sulfur, SO, SO.sub.2, NH, N-alkyl, oxygen, C.tbd.C (cis or trans), and C.tbd.C, and R.sup.12 is NR.sup.13 R.sup.14, ##STR2## The invention also includes the pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to .beta.-lactam antibiotics and are useful as antibacterial agents. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful for making the novel compounds of the present invention and to novel methods for producing the novel compounds and intermediate compounds.

Abstract: New 2-oxo-1-azetidine sulfonic acid derivatives with an aminoalkyl substituted "anti" (E-isomer) oxyimino group in the acylamino substituent at the 3 position of the monobactam ring. These compounds are potent inhibitors of bacterial .beta.-lactamases. These compounds can be used in combination with .beta.-lactam antibiotics to increase the effectiveness of the .beta.-lactam antibiotics in fighting infection caused by .beta.-lactamase producing bacteria.

Abstract: A new, antibacterial composition for use in oral administration is now provided, which composition comprises a mixture of Cefditoren pivoxyl with a water soluble casein salt. This composition has a reduced bitter taste of Cefditoren pivoxyl and also has improved properties regarding the rate and concentration of dissolution of Cefditoren pivoxyl in water and a ratio of dissolution out of Cefditoren pivoxyl into water. This composition further can attain a high absorbability of the Cefditoren component at the digestive tubes upon oral administration thereof. In this composition, the ratio (by weight) of Cefditoren pivoxyl to the casein salt added may preferably be in a range of 1:0.1 to 1:4. By further addition of a water-soluble polyphosphoric acid salt to the composition, the composition can prevent a ratio of dissolution out into water of the Cefditoren pivoxyl component being decreased when the composition was stored under severe conditions.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino, R.sup.2 is hydrogen,R.sup.3 is carboxy,R.sup.4 is heterocyclic(lower)alkylthio wherein said heterocyclic group is pyrazolyl and said lower alkyl group is methyl, andR.sup.5 is halogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A cephalosporin derivative which has a substituted or unsubstituted 2-(5-thiazolyl)vinyl group at the 3-position and is represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is CH or N, R.sup.1 is an amino group or a protected amino group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyimino-protecting group, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a salt-forming cation or a carboxyl-protecting group, R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, and R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halo-(lower)alkyl group or a halogen atom, is now synthetised as a cephem compound which exhibits excellent antibacterial activities and is useful as a therapeutic agent for various bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a group selected from 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, and 3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl; as well as readily hydroyzable esters thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds and hydrates of the compounds of formula I and of their esters and salts.

Abstract: The present invention includes (7R)-7-(acylamino)-3-(substituted-pyridinyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids or their pharmacologically acceptable salts which exhibit antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant bacteria and are therefore useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the inclusion of small amounts of water in oil suspensions of active drugs, such as ceftiofur hydrochloride of formula I. The resulting suspensions have improved resuspendability. Improved resuspendability results in an improved product because less shaking of the suspension is required before dosing.

Abstract: Cephem derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## is which the R.sub.2 O group is in the syn-position, a process for their manufacture and pharmaceutical formulations which are active against bacterial infections and contain these compounds.