Abstract: This invention generally relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives useful as, inter alia, inhibitors of short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family of NAD(P)(H) dependent oxido-reductases. More specifically, the invention relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives, including derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, methods of making derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are inhibitors of HSP90, and of utility in the treatment of, for example, cancers: wherein ring A is an aryl or heteroaryl ring or ring system; R1 is hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, or a radical of formula (IA): —X-Alk1-(Z)m-(Alk2)n-Q (IA) wherein X is a bond, —O—, —S— —S(O)—, —SO2—, or —NH—, Z is —O—, —S—, —(C?O)—, —(C?S)—, —S(O)—, —SO2—, —NRA, or, in either orientation —C(?O)O—, —C(?O)NRA, —C(?S)NRA—, —SO2NRA—, —NRAC(?O)—, or —NRASO2— wherein RA is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl in which one or more hydrogens is optionally substituted by fluorine; Alk1 and Alk2 are optionally substituted divalent C1-C3 alkylene or C2-C3 alkenylene radicals, m and n are independently 0 or 1, and Q is hydrogen or an optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical; R2 is cyano (—CN), fluoro, chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, —OH, —CH2OH, —C(?O)NH2, —C(?O)H, —C(?O)CH3, or —NH2; R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano (—CN), C1-C3alkyl optionally substituted

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for external skin application having a skin-moisturizing effect, which comprises gallocatechin gallate as an active ingredient. More particularly, the composition for external skin application comprises gallocatechin gallate as an active ingredient to activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor isoform alpha (PPAR-?), to stimulate expression of filaggrin and involucrin that are skin-moisturizing factors, and thus to provide excellent anti-drying and skin-moisturizing effects. More particularly, the composition for external skin application may further comprise theobromine and quercetin in addition to gallocatechin gallate to maximize such effects.

Abstract: Described herein are novel enzyme inhibitors. In some embodiments, the enzyme inhibitors are reverse transcriptase inhibitors, particularly HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Also described herein are compositions containing them and methods of using them. Thus, the compounds and compositions described herein are useful for the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase as a method of treating or preventing HIV, AIDS or related disorders.

Abstract: Compounds which are active against viruses have the following formulas: wherein B is a purine or pyrimidine heterocyclic ring or base. In a preferred embodiment, the purine include 6-aminopurine (adenine), 6-hydroxypurine (hypoxanthine), 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine (guanine), 2,6-diamino-purine, 2-amino-6-azidopurine, 2-amino-6-halo substituted purines such as 2-amino-6-chloropurine, 2-amino-6-fluoropurine, 2-amino-6-alkoxypurines such as 2-amino-6-methoxypurine, 2-amino-6-cyclopropylaminopurine, 2-amino-6-alkylamino or 2-amino-6-dialkylamino substituted purines, 2-amino-6-thiopurine, 2-amino-6-alkylthio substituted purines, 3-deazapurines, 7-deazapurines and 8-azapurines. The pyrimidine incorporates cytosine, uracil and thymine, 5-halo substituted cytosines and uracils, 5-alkyl substituted cytosines and uracils including derivatives with a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group and 6-azapyrimidines.

Abstract: An adenine compound represented by the formula (1): (1) [wherein A1 and A2 each independently represents an (un)substituted aromatic carbocycle or (un)substituted aromatic heterocycle; L1, L2, and L3 each independently represents alkylene or a single bond, provided that any methylene or methine group in L2 or L3 may be bonded to the nitrogen atom adjacent to L2 and L3 to form a 4- to 7-membered saturated nitrogenous heterocycle; L4 represents alkylene or a single bond; R1 represents (un)substituted alkyl, (un)substituted aryl, etc.; R2 represents hydrogen or (un)substituted alkyl; R3 represents (un)substituted alkyl, etc.; and X represents oxygen, etc.] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound. The compound and salt are useful as a medicine.

Abstract: The prodrug of the invention is a modified form of a therapeutic agent and comprises a therapeutic agent, an oligopeptide, a stabilizing group and, optionally, a linker group. The prodrug is cleavable by the enzyme Thimet oligopeptidase, or TOP. Also disclosed are methods of designing prodrugs by utilizing TOP-cleavable sequences within the conjugate and methods of treating patients with prodrugs of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treatment of various forms of pain. Specifically, the method involves administering to a patient a composition comprising butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine in the gelcap dosage form, to treat and/or alleviate the occurrence or negative effects of various forms of headaches.

Abstract: Pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives of the formula I in which R3, R4, R5, R6 and X are as defined in claim 1, act as phosphodiesterase VII inhibitors and can be employed for the treatment of osteoporosis, tumours, cachexia, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory processes, allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, myocardial diseases and AIDS.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the treatment or prevention of an LXR mediated disease or condition, including cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, novel compounds of formula (I) for use in such methods and pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds for use in such methods.

Abstract: Methods for treating and preventing tissue injury and sepsis associated with a Yersinia pestis infection, particularly pneumonic plague, are provided. The methods of the invention comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist alone or in combination with at least one additional therapeutic agent, including an antibiotic agent. The present methods find use in biodefense as a means of preventing and treating tissue injury and sepsis associated with Y. pestis infection, particularly pneumonic plague, in the event of a bioterrorist attack with this deadly bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention provides enterically coated formulations of 6-mercaptopurine that exhibit a delay in release of the 6-mercaptopurine such that substantial release of 6-mercaptopurine does not occur until after passage through the stomach. Optionally, the formulations also comprise a delay coating in addition to the enteric coating that provides an even further delay such that substantial release of 6-mercaptopurine does not occur until after a certain period of time following passage through the stomach. Such a period of time is preferably at least one hour after passage through the stomach. Following the delay imparted by the enteric coating and optional delay coating, the formulations exhibit better bioavailability and faster dissolution than previous formulations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating tumors or tumor metastases in a patient, comprising administering to the patient simultaneously or sequentially a therapeutically effective amount of an EGFR kinase inhibitor and an IGF1R inhibitor compound of Formula I combination, with or without additional agents or treatments, such as other anti-cancer drugs or radiation therapy. The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition that is comprised of an EGFR kinase inhibitor and IGF1R inhibitor compound of Formula I combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The IGF1R inhibitor is represented by Formula I: wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, R1, and Q1 are defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which are potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptors, including the mGluR2 receptor, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved.

Abstract: A gel, for cosmetic use, composed of a mixture of a polymer which forms a gel, a surfactant, and propionyl L-carnitine glycinate hydrochloride, useful for treating disturbances of the skin such as cellulite and wrinkles is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3-(dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-propoxybenzenesulfonamide compounds, their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering inhibitors of cyclic guanosine 3?,5?-monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase (cGMP-specific PDE), in particular PDE5.

Abstract: Riboswitches and modified versions of riboswitches can be employed as designer genetic switches that are controlled by specific effector compounds. Such effector compounds that activate a riboswitch are referred to herein as trigger molecules. The natural switches are targets for antibiotics and other small molecule therapies. In addition, the architecture of riboswitches allows actual pieces of the natural switches to be used to construct new non-immunogenic genetic control elements, for example the aptamer (molecular recognition) domain can be swapped with other non-natural aptamers (or otherwise modified) such that the new recognition domain causes genetic modulation with user-defined effector compounds. The changed switches become part of a therapy regimen-turning on, or off, or regulating protein synthesis. Newly constructed genetic regulation networks can be applied in such areas as living biosensors, metabolic engineering of organisms, and in advanced forms of gene therapy treatments.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to azabicyclic containing pharmaceutical agents, and in particular, to azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds. More particularly, the present invention provides a new class of azabicyclic MMP-3, MMP-8 and/or MMP-13 inhibiting compounds, which exhibit an increased potency and selectivity in relation to currently known MMP-13, MMP-8 and MMP-3 inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioadhesive drug delivery system (BIOadhesive Rate controlled Oral Dosage (BIOROD) formulation) in which a drug containing core either alone or coated with a rate controlling membrane system is enveloped on its circumference by a bioadhesive coating, thereby yielding a monolithic system that allows for drug release in a regulated manner. Also described herein are polymers with improved bioadhesive properties and methods for improving bioadhesion of polymers.

Abstract: The small particle liposome aerosol compounds and methods of treatment of the present invention involve lipid- or water soluble anti-cancer drugs incorporated into liposomes. The liposomes are administered in aqueous dispersions from a jet nebulizer to the respiratory tract of an individual. Various anti-cancer drugs may be used, including 20-S-Camptothecin, 9-Nitro-camptothecin, 9-Amino-camptothecin, 10, 11-methylenedioxy-camptothecin and taxol or its derivatives. Administration of these drugs by inhalation provides faster and more efficient absorption of the anticancer drug than does intramuscular administration or oral administration.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and X have the meanings indicated in claim 1, are inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, in particular TIE-2, and Raf kinases and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of tumours.

Abstract: A preventive/therapeutic composition for free radical diseases, characterized by containing as an active ingredient at least one kind of a fullerene, a fullerene derivative, and a composite comprising a fullerene or fullerene derivative and an organic compound with which the fullerene or derivative has been modified or clathrated. The composition is reduced in side effects, has the high ability to eliminate free radicals in the body, and further has excellent preparation stability.

Abstract: (EN) The invention relates to the use of a partially neutralized, anionic (meth)acrylate copolymer comprising radically polymerized units of 25 to 95 percent by weight of C1 to C4 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 5 to 75 percent by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers with an anionic group, at least 4 percent of which are neutralized by means of a base, for producing a medicament that is provided with an active substance-containing core and is coated with the partially neutralized, anionic (meth)acrylate copolymer. Said medicament releases at least 30 percent of the active substance contained therein in 30 minutes at a pH at which the active substance is sufficiently soluble and stable and at which the corresponding medicament that is coated with the non-neutralized anionic (meth)acrylate polymer releases less than 10 percent of the active substance contained therein.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating asthma, inflammatory gastrointestinal tract disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diseases related to undesirable angiogenesis using A2B adenosine receptor antagonists having the structure of Formula I or Formula II:

Abstract: The present invention relates to method for treating inflammatory bowel disease that includes administration of an effective amount of an antagonist of A2B adenosine receptors (ARs).

Abstract: A novel biphasic pharmaceutial or nutraceutical composition delivers both an immediate and a sustained dose of a pharmaceutical or nutraceutical agent in the same unit dose. An oral unit dose of melatonin includes melatonin in a sustained-release matrix contained in a solid phase, such as a tablet of capsule, and also includes melatonin in a film dispersed on the surface of the solid phase. Approximately 80 to 90 weight percent of the total amount of melatonin of each unit is contained in the sustained-release matrix and the remainder in the film. The novel composition permits a mammal, including a human being, to both rapidly fall asleep and remain asleep for a desired period of time by releasing an immediate-release dose and a sustained-release dose of melatonin.

Abstract: Solid pharmaceutical compositions of valacyclovir or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Embodiments of the invention relate to processes for preparing solid pharmaceutical compositions, avoiding a wet granulation step.

Abstract: New devices and methods for diagnosis and compositions and methods for treatment of cancers use combinations of antimicrobial agents and agents that can reverse dormancy and hibernation pathways. We unexpectedly found that surprisingly low doses of anti-hibernation compounds can substantially inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and can successfully treat cancers, including metastatic cancer. We also unexpectedly found that antimicrobial agents and anti-HDS compounds together can increase the degree of inhibition of cancer cell growth in a synergistic fashion. We conclude that combination therapy with antimicrobial agents and anti-HDS compounds can be effective in treating human patients with cancer.

Abstract: Compounds of formula Ia or Ib: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds and methods of using the compounds for treatment of p38 MAP kinase-mediated diseases.

Abstract: Purine derivatives of formula (IA1) or (IB1), compositions containing them and use thereof as medicinal products, in particular in oncology, are described

Abstract: There are provided derivatives having PPAR agonist activity. The derivatives include compounds and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts; the compounds having the formula (I) wherein A has the structure (II) or (III); X is chosen from —CH2—, —O—, —NH—, and —S—; Y is chosen from —O—, —NH—, and —S—; Z, which may be located in any position of substitution, is hydrogen or halogen; R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are independently chosen from hydrogen and C1-C8 alkyl, or R1 and R2 together form a carbocyclic ring having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms; R3 is chosen from hydrogen and C1-C8 alkyl; R4, R5, and R6, which may be the same or different, are independently chosen from hydrogen and C1-C8 alkyl; and n is 1 to 6. Various embodiments and variants are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of inhibiting the Hsp90 chaperone protein, and methods of treatment comprising administration of compounds of formula (IA) (IB) and (II)

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of delaying the onset or treating diabetes that comprises administering a uric acid lowering agent. The inventors have made the remarkable discovery that elevated uric acid levels are not a corollary to insulin resistance, but rather a primary mediator of insulin resistance. Specifically exemplified are methods that involve administering to a patient susceptible to development of diabetes a composition comprising a uric acid lowering agent in a regimen that maintains serum uric acid levels below at least 5.2 to 5.5 mg/dl.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a) a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-IV inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (b) an immunosuppressant, a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for chronic skin diseases comprising (a) a PDE-IV inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (b) an immunosuppressant, a therapeutic and/or preventive agent for chronic skin diseases to be administered simultaneously or separately with an interval comprising (a) a PDE-IV inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (b) an immunosuppressant, as active ingredients; and the like.

Abstract: PDE4 inhibition is achieved by novel compounds of the Formula I: wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2,8,9-substituted purines which inhibit the extracellular release of inflammatory cytokines, said cytokines responsible for one or more human or higher mammalian disease states. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising said 2,8,9-substituted purines and methods for preventing, abating, or otherwise controlling enzymes which are understood to be the active components responsible for the herein described disease states.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the following formula (I) or their salts: in which R1 represents OR4 or others, in which R4 is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or the like; R2 is halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, or the like; R3 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, or the like; X is NR11, oxygen, or sulfur, in which R11 is hydrogen, or an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atom which may have a substituent; and each of Y and Z is CR12 or nitrogen, in which R12 has the same meaning as R3 above, and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor containing the compound as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A method of treating a patient having a fungal infection comprises administering an effective fungal infection treatment amount of an antiviral agent, such as valacyclovir, to eliminate the symptoms of the fungal infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating brain ischemia in which a xanthine derivative represented by formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active ingredient, is administered.

Abstract: Medicines for treatment or prevention of dementia comprising 2-aryl-8-oxodihydropurine derivatives of the formula (I): wherein W is H, C1-6 alkyl, halogen, C1-6 alkoxy, or the like; X is H, C1-6 alkyl, a group of the formula (Q): —CH(R3)CON(R1) (R2) (wherein R1 is a C1-6 alkyl or the like; R2 is phenyl-substituted C1-4 alkyl or the like; and R3 is H or the like); Y is H, C1-6 alkyl, a group of the above formula (Q), or the like; and A is substituted phenyl or the like, with the proviso that one of X and Y is a group of the formula (Q) and the other is a group selected from those defined for X or Y except the groups (Q), or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The above compounds exhibit an extremely potent ameliorating effect on learning disorder and/or dymnesia and thus are useful in the treatment or prevention of Alzheimer-type dementia, cerebrovascular dementia, senile dementia, etc.

Abstract: The use of a type V cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Abstract: Compounds provided herein are novel substituted tetrahydropurinones of Formula (I): wherein R3 is aryl substituted with 0-5 XAr or heteroaryl substituted with 0-4 XhAr. Such compounds are particularly useful as CRF receptor ligands, and hence, in the treatment of various neurologically-related disorders such as affective disorder, anxiety and depression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside derivatives of formula I 1

Abstract: Compounds of formulae (1a) and (1b) are described: in which the dashed line represents an optional bond; A is a —N=atom or a —N(Rb)—, —C(Rb)═ or —C(Rb)(RC)— group; Ra, Rb and Rc is each independently a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1-6alkyl group; X is an —O— or —S— atom or —NH— group or substituted N atom; each Y is independently a N atom or CH group or substituted C atom; n is zero or the integer 1; Alk1 is an optionally substituted aliphatic or heteroaliphatic chain L1 is a covalent bond or a linker atom or group; Cy1 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, polycycloaliphatic, heterocycloaliphatic, polyheterocycloaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic group; Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and the salts, solvates, hydrates and N-oxides thereof; The compounds are potent inhibitors of p38 kinase and are use in the prophylaxis or treatment of p38 kinase med

Abstract: The invention relates to the combined administration of PDE4-inhibitors and NSAIDs for the treatment of an inflammatory disease and/or an inflammation associated disorder while minimizing gastrointesti-nal side effects, such as gastric erosions and ulcer, which are frequently associated with the use of NSAIDs.

Abstract: The present invention also provides a general method to whereby mono-, bi-, or tricyclic heterocycles may be modified to obtain potent antagonists at the NPY1 receptor.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): 1

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed for the treatment of obesity, an overweight condition and compulsive overeating. The pharmaceutical compositions are comprised of a therapeutically effective combination of a nicotinic receptor partial agonist and a CB-1 receptor antagonist and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The method of using these compounds is also disclosed.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed for the treatment of nicotine dependence or addiction, tobacco dependence or addiction, reduction of nicotine withdrawal symptoms or aiding in the cessation or lessening of tobacco use or substance abuse or other behavioral dependencies. The pharmaceutical compositions are comprised of a therapeutically effective combination of a nicotinic receptor partial agonist and a CB-1 receptor antagonist and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The method of using these compounds is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preventive or therapeutic agent of a new type for diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications on the basis of an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist action. A purine compound represented by the formula (I), its pharmacologically acceptable salt or hydrates thereof has an adenosine A2 receptor antagonistic action and is useful for prevention or therapy of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. In addition, adenosine A2 receptor antagonists having different structures from those of the compounds described above, for example KW6002, are also effective for prevention or therapy of diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications. In the formula, W is —CH2CH2—, or —CH?CH— or —C?C—; R1 is: (in the formula, X is hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, etc.; and R5 and R6 are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, etc.) and the like; R2 is an amino group, etc.