Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as viral infections, cancer, and/or parasitic diseases with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs.

Abstract: The invention is related to phosphorus substituted anti-viral inhibitory compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for protecting a primate host from a self-replicating infection by an immunodeficiency retrovirus. Protection is achieved by administering to the primate host a combination of a pharmaceutically effective amount of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor prior to exposure to the immunodeficiency retrovirus. The administration is effective if provided in a single dose within 24 hours of the exposure. A regime of regular daily doses is also effective in providing protection against an immunodeficiency retrovirus becoming self-replicating after infecting a primate host.

Abstract: The present invention discloses 18FDG conjugated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In particular, the present invention discloses a cancer specific 18FDG multimeric PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds of the formulae (I) and (I-1) and the process for preparing the same, uses of the compounds for the treatment of diseases associated with platelet aggregation and in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases associated with platelet aggregation, and relates to a pharmaceutical composition and a pharmaceutical formulation containing the compounds, wherein the definitions of R1, R2, R3 and R2a in the formulae are the same as those in the description.

Abstract: A deuterated nucleoside analog of the formula and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided by this disclosure. The disclosure also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound or salt of the formula and a carrier. Compounds and salts of this formula are useful for treating viral infections, including HCV infections. A method for treating a host afflicted with hepatitis C or other disorders is also presented that includes administering an effective treatment amount of a nucleoside or nucleotide that has deuterium with at least 50% enrichment at the 5?-position of the nucleoside or nucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high purity cangrelor, pharmaceutical formulations comprising high purity cangrelor as an active ingredient, methods for preparing such compounds and formulations, and methods for using the pharmaceutical formulations in the inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation.

Abstract: A method of forming a high-quality graphene layer including forming a board layer; forming a stress reduction layer on the board layer; forming a metal catalyst layer on the stress reduction layer, the metal catalyst layer functioning as a catalyst for forming the graphene layer; and growing a graphene layer on the metal catalyst layer. The stress reduction layer reduces the stress of the metal thin film, thus, improving crystallinity and surface roughness of the metal thin film, and thereby effectively forming a high-quality graphene layer.

Abstract: The invention is related to salts of anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such salts, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such salts, as well as to process and intermediates useful for preparing such salts.

Abstract: The application discloses nucleoside derivatives of Formula I as inhibitors of Influenza RNA replication. In particular, the application discloses the use of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives of Formula I as inhibitors of Influenza RNA replication and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high purity cangrelor, pharmaceutical formulations comprising high purity cangrelor as an active ingredient, methods for preparing such compounds and formulations, and methods for using the pharmaceutical formulations in the inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs and thiohosphates (including ?-thiomonophosphates, ?-thiodiphosphates, and ?-thiotriphosphates), methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs and thiophosphates, and methods of treating viral infections such as HCV, with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs and thiophosphates.

Abstract: The disclosure provides particular uridine di- and tri-phosphate compounds of Formula I, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The definitions of variables such as R, Y, B, m, Z1, Z2, and Z3 are as provided in the disclosure. These compounds are useful for treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions modulated by P2Y6 receptors, and particularly for lowering intraocular pressure and thereby treating ocular hypertension and/or glaucoma.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an agent for suppressing the formation of skin cells induced by exposure to light such as ultraviolet light. The object is achieved by using a purine nucleic acid for suppressing the formation of abnormal skin cells caused by exposure to light.

Abstract: Assay methods may generally comprise forming homogeneous assay mixtures comprising target SAM-utilizing protein, fluorescent detection analyte, and test compound, incubating, and measuring FP or TR-FRET signal emitted in order to determine a measure of test compound-SAM -utilizing protein binding. Assay mixtures comprise a SAM-utilizing protein, and a fluorescent detection analyte that binds with the SAM-utilizing protein in the absence of test compound. Assay mixtures may further comprise a test compound. Assay mixture embodiments may generate FP or TR-FRET signal properties that are a function of the inherent binding interactions of both the test compound and the detection analyte with the SAM-utilizing protein. Fluorescent detection analytes comprise a fluorophore moiety, a covalent linker moiety, and a SAM-utilizing protein ligand moiety and could be utilized in FP or TR-FRET assays to measure test compound binding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising NADH and D-galactose for treating a circadian rhythm disorder, in particular further comprising vitamins and/or coenzymes and/or minerals.

Abstract: The invention provides a dinucleoside polyphosphate analogue, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the inhibition (or down-regulation) of a pain, via a transducing ATP-gated P2X3 receptor, often by means of high-affinity desensitisation (HAD) mechanism.

Abstract: A treatment protocol for use in the treatment of neurocutaneous syndrome is described and comprises at least one xanthone component, which may comprise at least one mangosteen component, and at least one detoxification component. Additional embodiments comprise at least one herbal component, at least one vitamin component, or a combination thereof. A method of treating a patient having neurocutaneous syndrome is described herein and comprises: providing at least one xanthone component, which may comprise at least one mangosteen component, providing at least one xanthone component, which may comprise at least one mangosteen component, to the patient, and administering the at least one detoxification component to the patient. Additional methods steps may include providing and administering at least one herbal component, providing and administering at least one vitamin component or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing the same and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as a Picornavirus and/or Flaviviridae infection with one or more nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleotide analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain amido-benzyl sulfoxide and sulfone compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treatment using such compounds.

Abstract: A method for reducing or maintaining platelet inhibition in a patient by administering cangrelor prior to an invasive procedure is described. The method of this invention can be used for patients in need of antiplatelet therapy or at risk of thrombosis. The method can further be used in patients who were previously treated with long-acting platelet inhibitors without increasing the risk of excessive bleeding.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoroamidate prodrugs and thiophosphates (including ?-thiomonophosphates, ?-thiodiphosphates, and ?-thiotriphosphates), methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates and methods of treating viral infections, such as HCV, cancer, and/or parasitic diseases with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the field of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of various disease states, particularly neoplastic diseases and autoimmune diseases. It especially relates to the oral application of bendamustine and its derivatives. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition which comprises bendamustine and its derivatives prepared by hot melt extrusion using pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The invention also relates to such pharmaceutical compositions and hot melt extrudates.

Abstract: A method for treating viral infection includes administering to a subject in need thereof a composition containing P2X receptor antagonists. The methods may achieve preventive or therapeutic effect on hand foot and mouth disease by inhibiting viruses. The P2X receptor antagonists can inhibit infection by a positive-sense single-stranded RNA picornavirus. The virus may be an enterovirus or a Coxsackie virus, such as human enterovirus 71. The P2X receptor antagonist may be PPADS, iso-PPADS, PPNDS, Suramin, NF023, TNP-ATP, NF279, NF157, Evans Blue, an analog thereof, a derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention is related to salts of anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such salts, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such salts, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such salts.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of liver disorders, including HCV infections. In one embodiment, compounds and compositions of nucleoside derivatives are disclosed, which can be administered either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents.

Abstract: A method for reducing or maintaining platelet inhibition in a patient by administering cangrelor prior to an invasive procedure is described. The method of this invention can be used for patients in need of antiplatelet therapy or at risk of thrombosis. The method can further be used in patients who were previously treated with long-acting platelet inhibitors without increasing the risk of excessive bleeding.

Abstract: Many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Yersinia pestis, rely on an iron acquisition system based on siderophores, secreted iron-chelating compounds with extremely high Fe(III) affinity. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of domain salicylation enzymes, which catalyze the salicylation of an aroyl carrier protein (ArCP) domain to form a salicyl-ArCP domain thioester intermediate via a two-step reaction. The compounds include the intermediate mimic 5?-O—[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]-adenosine (salicyl-AMS) and analogs thereof. These compounds are inhibitors of the salicylate activity of MbtA, YbtE, PchD, and other domain salicylation enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of siderophores. Therefore, these compounds may be used in the treatment of infection caused by microorganisms which rely on siderphore-based iron acquisition systems.

Abstract: A mammal undergoing an energy-based therapy is treated by administering at least one vasoconstrictive agent to the mammal prior to or during the procedure. The at least one vasoconstrictive agent is added in amounts sufficient to reduce or prevent vasodilation. This treatment method increases or promotes the size of the coagulation zone created after energy-based therapy.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical dosage system comprising (a) an effective amount of one or more of Doxylamine, an analog thereof, a derivative thereof, a prodrug thereof, a metabolite thereof and/or a salt thereof; (b) an effective amount of one or more of (i) Pyridoxine, (ii) an analog thereof, (iii) a derivative thereof, (iv) a prodrug thereof, (v) a metabolite thereof and (vi) a salt of any of (i)-(v); and (c) an effective amount of one or more compounds of formula (I) wherein R is H, PO3? or The system exhibits an improved pharmacokinetic profile relative to the current Diclectin®/Diclegis® formulation and is useful for example for the alleviation of the symptoms of nausea and vomiting, for example in the case of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates that P2X7 receptor induced apoptosis may be specific for cancerous cells. Treatment with the P2X7 ligand BzATP, increased cellular apoptosis with no associated inflammatory changes or abnormal skin or systemic effects. In mice treated with DMBA/TPA, BzATP decreased papilloma skin formation. BzATP also induced involution of developed papillomas and stimulated apoptosis in keratinocytes outgrowing at the base of developed papillomas. These data show that (a) P2X7 regulates apoptosis of epidermal cells; (b) in vivo, local administration of a drug that activates the P2X7 receptor can inhibit development and progression of epidermal premalignant lesions.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical dosage system comprising (a) an effective amount of one or more of Doxylamine, an analog thereof, a derivative thereof, a prodrug thereof, a metabolite thereof and/or a salt thereof; (b) an effective amount of one or more of (i) Pyridoxine, (ii) an analog thereof, (iii) a derivative thereof, (iv) a prodrug thereof, (v) a metabolite thereof and (vi) a salt of any of (i)-(v); and (c) an effective amount of one or more compounds of formula (I) wherein R is H, PO3? or The system exhibits an improved pharmacokinetic profile relative to the current Diclectin®/Diclegis® formulation and is useful for example for the alleviation of the symptoms of nausea and vomiting, for example in the case of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 2?-spiro-nucleosides and derivatives thereof useful for treating a subject infected by hepatitis C virus or dengue virus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating or preventing a disease or disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in a patient comprising administering transcranially, for example, directly to the skull, an effective amount of an anti-inflammatory agent to the patient. Examples of the anti-inflammatory agent include glutathione and inhibitors of purinergic receptors such as P2X4,P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptors. Examples of disease or disorder of the CNS include brain injury, particularly traumatic brain injury, inflammation, infection, degeneration of brain cells, stroke, brain edema, tumor, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Also disclosed is a kit comprising at least one anti-inflammatory agent and printed materials containing instructions for transcranially administering the anti-inflammatory agent to the patient having a disease or disorder of the CNS, disorder of the CNS.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an infection from a norovirus, with a nucleoside, a nucleotide and an analog thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating B cell malignancies, which involves administering to a subject a compound having a structure of formula (I) to cause cell death of a B cell malignancy, thereby treating the B cell malignancy in the subject. Also disclosed are a method of causing cell death of malignant B cells, pharmaceutical compositions and therapeutic systems comprising a compound having a structure of formula (I), and a compound having a structure of formula (I).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to reduced calorie infant formulas, and in particular, reduced calorie infant formulas that have at least one nucleotide and/or at least one carotenoid for reducing inflammation-related diseases later in life. Particularly, the reduced calorie infant formulas reduce the risk of obesity later in life.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of reducing adhesion formation in a subject, for example, post-surgical abdominal and pelvic adhesions. The methods include the step of administering to the subject in need thereof a compound chosen from 2?,3?-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, analogs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, able to reduce the formation of adhesions in a subject as compared to adenosine monophosphate, in an amount effective to reduce adhesions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a paramyxovirus viral infection, with a nucleoside, a nucleotide and an analog thereof.

Abstract: Particular nucleoside 5?-phosphorothioate analogues, such as, adenosine or uridine 5?-di- or tri-phosphorothioate analogues in which at least one of the bridging oxygen atoms of the phosphorothioate is replaced by a group such as —CH2— or —CCl2—, and at least one of the non-bridging atoms or negatively-charged atoms of the phosphorothioate is either a sulfur atom or a sulfur ion can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions. These compounds are useful for treatment of osteoarthritis/calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the therapeutic uses of 2?,5?-oligoadenylate derivative compounds, more particularly for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and in the treatment of infection by a gamma-retrovirus.

Abstract: The present invention includes compounds and compositions of ®-2?-fluoronucleoside phosphonates, as well as methods to treat HIV, HBV, HCV or abnormal cellular proliferation comprising administering said compounds or compositions.

Abstract: An antimelancholic pharmaceutical composition or health products prepared with jujuba cAMP materials and a preparative method are provided in the present invention. The present pharmaceutical composition includes jujuba cAMP as a solo effective ingredient for treating the depression. The present method for preparing the jujuba cAMP includes chromatographing a jujuba extract with a macroporous resin bound with an aldehyde group.

Abstract: Provided is a method of treating or preventing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a patient subject to, or symptomatic of the disease, wherein the method comprises restoring normal lysosomal pH (pHL), or acidifying an abnormally elevated pHL, thus decreasing or preventing a damaging accumulation of lipofuscin or waste products in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells of the eye of the patient. Further, this method is achieved by modulating the action of the P2X7 and/or P2Y12 receptors of the RPE cells, specifically decreasing the acidity (pHL) of the RPE lysosomes by administering selected receptor antagonists affecting the action of the P2X7 and/or P2Y12 receptors of the RPE. Methods for selecting and quantifying the effectiveness of drugs to restore pHL and determine outer segment clearance rates is also provided using a high through-put screening protocol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more of nucleosides, nucleotides and analogs thereof, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a disease and/or a condition, including an infection from a paramyxovirus and/or an orthomyxovirus, with a nucleoside, a nucleotide and an analog thereof. Examples of viral infections include a respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) and influenza infection.

Abstract: Unexpectedly, disorders of the cornea and conjunctiva are found to be caused or to be exacerbated, at least in part, by extracellular ATP and P2X7 receptor activation. Therapeutic compositions for topical administration to the eye for the treatment of disorders of the cornea and conjunctiva include an entity that inhibits P2X7 receptor function, reduces the effective concentration of extracellular ATP, or both.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoroamidate prodrugs and thiophosphates (including ?-thiomonophosphates, ?-thiodiphosphates, and ?-thiotriphosphates), methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates and methods of treating viral infections, such as HCV, cancer, and/or parasitic diseases with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing a disease or condition in a subject that was previously treated with at least one thienopyridine is described. The method includes administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one reversible, short-acting P2Yi2 inhibitor. The described method can be used for subjects diagnosed with symptoms such as stable or unstable angina, vascular ischemic events, atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, as well as STEMi or N-STEMI. The described method can also be used for patients having previously received a stent, such as a bare metal stent or a drug-eluting stent, and the treatment or prevention of stent thrombosis. The method can be used prior to, during, or after an invasive procedure such as coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, or other general surgical procedure.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an effective and safe therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease, and solves the above object by providing a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases containing adenosine N1-oxide or a derivative thereof as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: A new class of biotin protein ligase (BPL) inhibitors that have antibacterial activity against multiple Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including clinically important methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are disclosed that are non-toxic.