Abstract: A compound is represented by the following general formula (I): The compound or a salt thereof provides a fluorescent probe for detecting carboxypeptidase activity In the formula, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; T represents an amino acid residue or a residue of an amino acid derivative; S represents a C-terminal amino acid residue. represents a fluorophore, and the fluorophore is a fluorophore in which an absorption/fluorescence wavelength greatly changes or a quenched state changes to a fluorescent state by elimination of the —P(?O)(—R1)-T-S moiety.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for improving attention of a healthy human subject by administering an effective amount of citidine-5?-diphosphocholine or a salt thereof to a healthy human subject.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the use of soluble sodium in the manufacture of a composition or kit of parts for (therapeutically) improving and prolonging blood plasma uridine levels and tissue availability of uridine, and/or for treating or preventing impaired blood plasma uridine levels and tissue availability of uridine, and/or for preventing/treating disorders associated with impaired blood plasma and tissue availability of uridine, in a mammal, preferably a human being, by orally co-administering soluble sodium and uridine in a molar ratio of soluble sodium to uridine of more than 1:1, preferably more than 1.5:1, more preferably more than 2:1, even more preferably at least 2.5:1, even more preferably at least 2.8:1, more preferably 3:1-15:1, most preferably 3:1-10:1, particularly 3:1-5:1.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with Mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of floxuridine. Floxuridine may be useful as an anti-cancer drug. Floxuridine may also be useful in the preparation of other anti-cancer drugs, e.g. NUC-3373.

Abstract: Regarding Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent at a concentration of 0.0001 to 1% (w/v), formation of insoluble precipitates found in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution during storage of the solution, as well as deterioration of the filtration performance in the course of production (course of filtration sterilization), have been inhibited. Further, in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent, reduction of eye irritation and enhancement of the preservative effectiveness have been confirmed, in comparison to Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising no chelating agent. Accordingly, the present invention has been confirmed to provide physicochemical properties that are stable during the courses of production and distribution as well as the course of storage by a patient, and also reduce eye irritation and enhance preservative effectiveness.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a composition for use in (a) treatment of impaired motor skills in a mammal suffering from Parkinson's Disease; (b) improving the efficacy of levodopa (L-DOPA) in treatment of impaired motor skills in a mammal suffering from Parkinson's Disease; and/or (c) reducing L-DOPA associated side effects, preferably involuntary movements selected from the group consisting of choreiform, dystonic and dyskinetic movements, in the treatment of impaired motor skills in a mammal suffering from Parkinson's Disease, comprising co-administering to the subject L-DOPA and a composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of: (i) at least one of uridine, cytidine, or salts, phosphates, acyl derivatives or esters thereof; (ii) at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6; DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5; DPA); (iii) choline, or salts or esters thereof; and (iv) at least one vitamin B selected from vitamins B6, B9 and B12.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to uridine diphosphate (UDP) derivatives, compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of those UDP derivatives and methods of using those derivatives or compositions in treating disorders that are responsive to ligands, such as agonists, of P2Y6 receptor, e.g., neuronal disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and traumatic CNS injury, as well as pain.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivates of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: The use of described compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or compositions thereof for the treatment of a host infected with an RNA virus other than HCV, or other disorder more fully described herein.

Abstract: Provided is an aqueous ophthalmic solution comprising diquafosol or a salt thereof at a concentration of 0.1% to 10% (w/v) and a chlorhexidine at a concentration of 0.0001% to 0.1% (w/v).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of intermediates useful in the synthesis of gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-phosphate. Also disclosed is a method of preparing gemcitabine-[phenyl-benzoxy-L-alaninyl)]-phosphate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a uridine phosphoramide prodrug, the preparation method therefor, and the medicinal uses thereof. The prodrug of the present invention is a chemical compound as shown in formula I, an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The prodrug of the present invention further comprises a solvate of the chemical compound shown in formula I, of an optical isomer thereof or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The prodrug of the present invention can treat viral infectious diseases, particularly hepatitis C viral infectious diseases.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation method of a composition enriched in compound Sp-1. The method performs isomer separation on a reaction product from the first step, and then performs a two-step chemical synthesis, so as to prepare a composition comprising high-purity compound Sp-1, wherein the HPLC purity of the single isomer Sp-1 is 90% or more. Provided is a composition enriched in compound Sp-1. The composition has an inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation in vitro significantly higher than that of NUC-1031 and compound Rp-1. Also provided are the use of the composition, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides procedures and intermediates for the preparation of Sofosbuvir, comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula 2: wherein R1 and R2 can independently be hydrogen or halogen, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is a halogen.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: R1 is OR11, or NR5R5?; R2 is H or F; R5 is H, C1-C6alkyl, OH, C(?O)R6, O(C?O)R6 or O(C?O)OR6; R5? is H or C1-C6alkyl; R6 is C1-C6alkyl or C3-C7cycloalkyl; R13 is H, phenyl, pyridyl, benzyl, indolyl or naphthyl wherein the phenyl, pyridyl, benzyl, indolyl and naphthyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R22; and the other variables are as defined in the claims, which are of use in the treatment of cancer, and related aspects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Heterocycle-Substituted Tetracyclic Compounds of Formula (I): (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, A?, R2 R3 and R5 are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising at least one Heterocycle-Substituted Tetracyclic Compound, and methods of using the Heterocycle-Substituted Tetracyclic Compounds for treating or preventing HCV infection in a patient.

Abstract: Regarding Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent at a concentration of 0.0001 to 1% (w/v), formation of insoluble precipitates found in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution during storage of the solution, as well as deterioration of the filtration performance in the course of production (course of filtration sterilization), have been inhibited. Further, in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent, reduction of eye irritation and enhancement of the preservative effectiveness have been confirmed, in comparison to Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising no chelating agent. Accordingly, the present invention has been confirmed to provide physicochemical properties that are stable during the courses of production and distribution as well as the course of storage by a patient, and also reduce eye irritation and enhance preservative effectiveness.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a composition enriched in compound 61501b, wherein the compound 61501b has a purity of not less than 90% or more. The composition has a significant advantage in preparing a high-purity compound Sp-1. In addition, the present disclosure also provides a preparation method of the composition enriched in compound 61501b. The method adopts a crystallization technique to perform separation and purification, has a simple and convenient operation and good reproducibility, and therefore the compound 61501b in the prepared composition has high purity and quality. Further, the present disclosure also involves a novel crystal form of compound 61501b.

Abstract: Provided is an aqueous ophthalmic solution comprising diquafosol or a salt thereof at a concentration of 0.1% to 10% (w/v) and a chlorhexidine at a concentration of 0.0001% to 0.1% (w/v).

Abstract: Regarding Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent at a concentration of 0.0001 to 1% (w/v), formation of insoluble precipitates found in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution during storage of the solution, as well as deterioration of the filtration performance in the course of production (course of filtration sterilization), have been inhibited. Further, in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent, reduction of eye irritation and enhancement of the preservative effectiveness have been confirmed, in comparison to Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising no chelating agent. Accordingly, the present invention has been confirmed to provide physicochemical properties that are stable during the courses of production and distribution as well as the course of storage by a patient, and also reduce eye irritation and enhance preservative effectiveness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to food compositions comprising nutritional composition for use in the treatment or nutritional management of phenylketonuria or hyperphenylalaninemia or for preserving or improving brain function in PKU or hyperphenylalaninemia. The composition comprises a specific protein source, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and at least one of uridine or cytidine.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivates of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: Provided are phosphoramidate nucleoside compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters or solvates thereof, useful in the treatment of cancer, viral infections and other diseases: Also provided is a process for the synthesis of the compounds of Formula (I) where a desired enantiomer, having regard to the asymmetric chiral center of the phosphorus atom P, is provided in an enriched amount. The process comprises admixing a nucleoside with a phosphorochloridate in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal salt selected from the group consisting of salts of Cu, Fe, La and Yb.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for increasing secretion of dopamine and other neurotransmitters and treating or reducing the incidence of diseases involving decreased secretion of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, e.g. Parkinson's disease, comprising administering to the subject a uridine or a source thereof, and compositions for treating or reducing an incidence of Parkinson's disease, comprising a uridine, a uridine monophosphate, or a source thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to uridine diphosphate (UDP) derivatives, compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of those UDP derivatives and methods of using those derivatives or compositions in treating disorders that are responsive to ligands, such as agonists, of P2Y6 receptor, e.g., neuronal disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and traumatic CNS injury, as well as pain.

Abstract: Phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-fluoro-2?-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to inhibit the replication of a flavivirus, methods of inhibiting the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding and guanylyltransferase activity of a flavivirus RNA capping enzyme, and methods of treating a subject infected with a flavivirus. The methods can include contacting a flavivirus with an effective amount of a thioxothiazolidine compound described herein, or a derivative thereof, such as a compound of Formula (I).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I): Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula (I), methods of using the compounds of Formula (I) and/or compositions comprising the compounds of Formula (I) for the treatment of HCV.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as viral infections, cancer, and/or parasitic diseases with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I: including any possible stereoisomers thereof, wherein R9 has the meaning as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use, alone or in combination with other HCV inhibitors, in HCV therapy.

Abstract: Methods and compounds are disclosed for irreversibly inhibiting a DNA repair enzyme that possesses lyase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gastric retentive tablet composition comprising: (1) coated particles essentially consisting of a drug and an amino methacrylate copolymer, (2) a methacrylic acid copolymer and (3) an excipient, wherein items 1, 2, and 3 are blended together, and then compressed into a gastric retentive tablet. Thus, the coated particles (item 1), a methacrylic acid copolymer and the excipient are evenly distributed in the tablet. The excipient is selected from a group consisting of a retarding agent, a binder, a filler, a chelating agent, a diluent, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a colorant, a solubilizing agent, or a mixture thereof. The coated particles (item 1) do not contain methacrylic acid polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stereochemically pure uracyl spirooxetane nucleoside phosphoramidate useful in the treatment of patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions that can include a thionucleotide analog for use in combination therapy with other agents. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating diseases and/or conditions with a pharmaceutical composition that can include a thionucleotide analog in combination therapy with other agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleotide analogs, methods of synthesizing the same and methods of treating diseases and/or conditions such as a Picornavirus and/or Flaviviridae infection with one or more nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleotide analogs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stereochemically pure uracyl spirooxetane nucleoside phosphoramidate which inhibits the hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Abstract: An agent for treatment of dry eye comprising a combination of a P2Y2 receptor agonist at a therapeutically effective concentration and hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof at a therapeutically effective concentration, which agent has a dosage form of an ophthalmic agent, can promote the secretion of tear remarkably and can improve corneal epithelial disorders remarkably, and is therefore expected to be a novel agent for treatment of dry eye.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoroamidate prodrugs and thiophosphates (including ?-thiomonophosphates, ?-thiodiphosphates, and ?-thiotriphosphates), methods of synthesizing phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates and methods of treating viral infections, such as HCV, cancer, and/or parasitic diseases with the phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs, such as thiophosphoramidate prodrugs, and thiophosphates.

Abstract: Regarding Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent at a concentration of 0.0001 to 1% (w/v), formation of insoluble precipitates found in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution during storage of the solution, as well as deterioration of the filtration performance in the course of production (course of filtration sterilization), have been inhibited. Further, in Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising a chelating agent, reduction of eye irritation and enhancement of the preservative effectiveness have been confirmed, in comparison to Diquafosol ophthalmic solution comprising no chelating agent. Accordingly, the present invention has been confirmed to provide physicochemical properties that are stable during the courses of production and distribution as well as the course of storage by a patient, and also reduce eye irritation and enhance preservative effectiveness.

Abstract: The subject invention thus provides a composition comprising at least one triglyceride, at least one phospholipid and at least one poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA); wherein at least about 1% of the LC-PUFA in the composition is conjugated to said at least one phospholipid and uses thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Compound I, having the formula: and an effective amount of sofosbuvir wherein the sofosbuvir is substantially crystalline. Also disclosed are methods of use for the pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are phosphoramidate prodrugs of nucleoside derivatives for the treatment of viral infections in mammals, which is a compound, its stereoisomer, salt (acid or basic addition salt), hydrate, solvate, or crystalline form thereof, represented by the following structure: Also disclosed are methods of treatment, uses, and processes for preparing each of which utilize the compound represented by formula I.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to uridine diphosphate (UDP) derivatives, compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of those UDP derivatives and methods of using those derivatives or compositions in treating disorders that are responsive to ligands, such as agonists, of P2Y6 receptor, e.g., neuronal disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and traumatic CNS injury, as well as pain.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising: (i) one or more of uridine and cytidine, or salts, phosphates, acyl derivatives or esters thereof; and (ii) a lipid fraction comprising at least one of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6; DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5; EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5; DPA), or esters thereof, for use in preserving or improving functional synaptic connectivity and/or preserving brain network organization in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of liver disorders, including HCV infections. In one embodiment, compounds and compositions of nucleoside derivatives are disclosed, which can be administered either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of viral infections, for example, Flaviviridae infections, including HCV infections. In certain embodiments, compounds and compositions of nucleoside derivatives are disclosed, which can be administered either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents. In certain embodiments, the compounds are D-amino acid phosphoramidate halogeno pyrimidine nucleoside analog compounds which display remarkable efficacy and bioavailability for the treatment of, for example, HCV infection in a human. In certain embodiments, the compounds are of Formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, stereoisomeric form, tautomeric form, or polymorphic form thereof, wherein: PD, X, R1, R2, RA, and RB are as described herein.