Abstract: The application of L-arginine and its derivatives to the skin causes beneficial effects of wound healing, increasing erectile function and increased growth of hair when applied in sufficient quantity to the skin. A hostile biophysical agent may be combined with the L-arginine to increase its absorption into the skin. The desired concentrations of the hostile biophysical agent is increased when concentration of L-arginine is less than 20% of the concentration of the substance applied to maximize its effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of L-citrulline (I) or of one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the preparation of a drug for the treatment of states or undernutrition as linked to a lowering of protein synthesis within the framework of pathologies which do not result from an intestinal insufficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions that include for example the arginine salt of carbidopa, and methods for treating neurological or movement diseases or disorders such as restless leg syndrome, Parkinson's disease, secondary parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's like syndrome, PSP, MSA, ALS, Shy-Drager syndrome and conditions resulting from brain injury including carbon monoxide or manganese intoxication, using substantially continuous administration of carbidopa or salt thereof together with administration of levodopa.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions that include for example the arginine salt of carbidopa, and methods for treating neurological or movement diseases or disorders such as restless leg syndrome, Parkinson's disease, secondary parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's like syndrome, PSP, MSA, ALS, Shy-Drager syndrome and conditions resulting from brain injury including carbon monoxide or manganese intoxication, using substantially continuous administration of carbidopa or salt thereof together with administration of levodopa.

Abstract: The current invention provides a controlled release oral solid formulation of levodopa comprising levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and a carboxylic acid. Also provided by this invention is multiparticulate, controlled release oral solid formulations of levodopa comprising: i) a controlled release component comprising a mixture of levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor and a rate controlling excipient; ii) a carboxylic acid component; and iii) an immediate release component comprising a mixture of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.

Abstract: An injectable amino-acid composition acts naturally to fuel collagen synthesis, which retards aging and helps to clear cellular decay while accelerating the cell division that promotes healthy, younger looking skin. The amino-acid composition includes carnosine. The composition is injected into the dermis of patients. The composition can be used in conjunction with botulinum toxin and fillers to enhance their effectiveness and extend their usefulness.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid-acting, blood arginine level-increasing oral preparation containing citrulline or a salt thereof and arginine or a salt thereof as active ingredients. The rapid-acting, blood arginine level-increasing oral preparation of the present invention can rapidly and effectively increase blood arginine level after ingestion, and can rapidly provide an arginine ingestion effect.

Abstract: A preparation is disclosed for producing enhanced blood flow in tissue thus causing beneficial effects such as promoting hair growth on scalp tissue lacking sufficient hair, restoring normal sexual function in males with erectile dysfunction. Specifically, this is a preparation which provides local delivery of the amino acid L-arginine, an important biological precursor to the main substance which is responsible for relaxation of blood vessels permitting enhancement of blood flow. In the preferred embodiments, the L-arginine is provided so that it can be topically applied to the scalp or penis. The preparation also contains an agent which aids in the transfer of L-arginine into the tissue. In the preferred embodiments this agent overcomes the resistance to transfer caused by the high charge density of L-arginine. In the preferred embodiments this means is high ionic strength created by addition of choline chloride, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glutamine-containing composition which functions to increase blood flow. Glutamine is present in the composition in an amount of 25 mg/kg body weight to 150 mg/kg body weight. By administering the composition to a subject in need thereof, the blood flow in the capillary vessels can be efficiently increased, while inhibiting any side effects such as low blood pressure. The present invention also provides food or feed containing the composition for increasing blood flow.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in a dosage form for oral administration to a patient. The composition expands upon contact with gastric fluid and promotes retention of the dosage form in the patient's stomach for a prolonged period of time. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical dosage forms containing an active ingredient, and the pharmaceutical composition. The forms are adapted for immediate or controlled release of the active ingredient. The dosage forms may be used advantageously in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa and hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder with methylphenidate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the energy status of an individual by enhancing the usage of lactate. Improved lactate usage is accomplished through a composition comprising lactate precursors, adrenergic receptor agonists and insulinotropic agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for modulating the levels and/or activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in vivo or in vitro. Specifically disclosed are GSNOR deletion constructs, host cells and non-human mammals comprising GSNOR deletions, and methods of screening employing GSNOR deletion mutants. Also specifically disclosed are reagents and procedures for measuring, monitoring, or altering GSNOR levels or activity (as well as nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiol levels) in connection with various medical conditions.

Abstract: This invention concerns a cosmetic composition for topical use containing as an active principle a blend of arginine and taurine designed to carry out an immediate “lifting” effect and able to improve in a short time the aesthetic characteristics of the cutis. The composition contains a quantity in weight of arginine of 0.05% p/p at 90% p/p, preferably from 0.5% p/p to 5% p/p, and a quantity in weight of taurine from 0.05% p/p to 90% p/p, preferably from 0.5% p/p to 5% p/p.

Abstract: It has been surprisingly discovered that administration of nitrite to subjects causes a reduction in blood pressure and an increase in blood flow to tissues. The effect is particularly beneficial, for example, to tissues in regions of low oxygen tension. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate a subject's blood pressure and blood flow, for example, by the administration of nitrite salts. Provided herein are methods of administering a pharmaceutically-acceptable nitrite salt to a subject, for treating, preventing or ameliorating a condition selected from: (a) ischemia-reperfusion injury (e.g., hepatic or cardiac or brain ischemia-reperfusion injury); (b) pulmonary hypertension (e.g., neonatal pulmonary hypertension); or (c) cerebral artery vasospasm.

Abstract: Compositions are provided for promoting healing of tissue of a vertebrate organism. The compositions can be for internal administration of a therapeutically effective amount of pharmacologically active, protease inhibiting, aqueous media soluble polysulfonated materials in salt form and associated with a secondary material to reduce one or more of inflammation, bacterial proliferation, proteolytic activity, and cancerous cell growth. The compositions may additionally or alternatively be cross-linked so as to alter the solubility of these pharmacologically active salts or slow dissolution by providing biodegradable cross-linkers. Compositions for healing the tissue of a multicellular organism are provided that can include a polysulfonated material in a liquid mixture, as solid particles or constructs that may or may not biodegrade or deliver a pharmacologically relevant value.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (1) or a salt thereof or a hydrate of the foregoing is safe while exhibiting suitable physicochemical stability, and is useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for diseases associated with thrombus formation. wherein R1a, R1b, R1c and R1d each independently represent hydrogen, etc., R2 represents optionally substituted phenyl, etc., R3 represents optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, etc., Z1, Z2 and Z3 each independently represent hydrogen, etc., Z4 represents hydrogen, etc. and X represents a single bond or —CO—, etc.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inducing apoptosis of cells, such as macrophages, at a lesioned site of a body vessel are disclosed herein. Nitric oxide can be directly or indirectly delivered to a treatment site to increase macrophage apoptosis. Delivery can include site specific delivery of nitric oxide gas, nitric oxide in aqueous solution or a substance(s) which releases nitric oxide or causes nitric oxide to be generated from an endogenous source. Delivery can be achieved by a delivery system such as a catheter assembly, stent or other suitable device.

Abstract: Food supplement compositions and their methods of use in increasing lean mass and/or muscle size and/or strength in individuals, particularly, athletes is described. The food supplements described comprise a substance which increases nitric oxide production in the body, and, a source of amino acids. Other food supplements described comprise a substance which can enhance and/or mimic insulin activity, and a source of amino acids. The food supplement compositions described are suitable for supplementing the diet of an athlete and particularly for enhancing an athlete's muscle size or strength.

Abstract: A disinfectant delivery system and method of providing alcohol-free disinfection to a body to be disinfected, as well as a method of infection reduction by preparation of a patient before an invasive procedure. A blended cloth comprising first fibers and second fibers is provided with the first fibers generally being greater in quantity by weight than the second fibers. A disinfectant solution impregnates the blended cloth, with the disinfectant solution having chlorhexidine gluconate as an active ingredient and having no alcohol. In the method according to the invention, at least one impregnated blended cloth is used to disinfect at least a portion of a body. A plurality of blended cloths can be provided for disinfecting discrete portions of the body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of creatine compounds such as, for example, creatine, creatine phosphate or analogs of creatine, such as creatine-pyruvate, creatine-ascorbate, cyclocreatine, 3 guanidinopropionic acid, guanidinoacetate, homocyclocreatine, guanidino benzoates as energy generating systems and antioxidants for preservation of skin against adverse aging effects and damage secondary to insults such as harmful sun radiations, stress and fatigue. The creatine compounds which can be used in the present method include (1) creatine, creatine phosphate and analogs of these compounds which can act as substrates or substrate analogs for creatine kinase; (2) molecules that mimic the biological activity of creatine (3) molecules that modulate the creatine kinase system.

Abstract: Fecal incontinence and anal itch can be treated by administration, more particularly by local application to the anus, of an ? adrenergic blocker, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, prostaglandin F2?, dopamine, morphine, ?-blockers, and 5-Hydroxytryptamine. The patients who benefit most from the invention are those who have a normal or low maximum anal resting pressure and a structurally intact internal anal sphincter muscle, and patients who have had major bowel resection and reanastomosis.

Abstract: An improved composition for treatment of ulcer-type skin conditions. The composition is primarily characterized by a combination of nitroglycerin and arginine. Other embodiments comprise emollient cream, mineral oil, tumeric powder, folic acid, vitamin B12, and zinc citrate. The composition is particularly effective in improving blood flow in the underlying capillary bed about the wound, improving nerve growth about the wound, increasing circulation, and having a standardized and more predictable therapeutic characteristic.

Abstract: An oral creatine formulation includes soluble creatine and polyethylene glycol, coated with an enteric coating. The most preferred soluble creatine is creatine HCl. The most preferred polyethylene glycols have an average molecular weight of from 3150 to 3685, although for particular formulation formulations and particular uses, the average molecular weight polyethylene glycols may range from 190 to 9000.

Abstract: An oral creatine formulation includes soluble creatine and polyethylene glycol, coated with an enteric coating. The most preferred soluble creatine is creatine HCl. The most preferred polyethylene glycols have an average molecular weight of from 3150 to 3685, although for particular formulation formulations and particular uses, the average molecular weight polyethylene glycols may range from 190 to 9000.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to improvement of the body and skin appearance, for example enhancing the appearance of sagging, wrinkled, or cellulite-afflicted areas of the skin and body, through the local delivery of a nitric oxide donor, for example, using delivery vehicles such as lotions, creams, liquids, and/or transdermal patches. In some embodiments, a delivery vehicle containing a nitric oxide donor, for example, L-arginine (an important biological precursor) or its derivatives in a sufficient concentration to improve the appearance of a selected area of the body may be applied. In certain cases, one or more agents may also be included that aid in the transfer of the nitric oxide donor into the tissue, which may overcome the resistance to transfer into the skin. Non-limiting examples of suitable agents include agents able to create hostile biophysical environments, for instance, choline chloride, magnesium chloride, and/or sodium chloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides various biomarkers of depression. The present invention also provides various methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of depression, methods of determining predisposition to depression, methods of monitoring progression/regression of depression, methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating depression, methods of screening compositions for activity in modulating biomarkers of depression, methods of treating depression, as well as other methods based on biomarkers of depression.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for modulation of the suppressive activity of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Treg) on CD4+CD25? effector T cells (Teff) are provided. An agent selected from: (i) dopamine; (ii) a dopamine precursor; (iii) a D1-R agonist; (iv) a D2-R antagonist; (v) a combination of (i) and (ii); or (vi) a combination of (i), (ii) or (iii) with (iv), down-regulates the suppressive activity of Treg and is useful for treatment of cancer. An agent selected from (i) a dopamine D2-R agonist, (ii) a dopamine D1-R antagonist, and (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii), up-regulates the suppressive activity of Treg and is useful for treatment of an autoimmune disease or for controlling graft rejection in tissue/organ transplantation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment and prevention of the toxic effects associated with increased nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds and methods of treatment that inhibit the nitric oxide synthases present in endothelial cells and methods for treating diseases using such compounds and methods.

Abstract: Methods of preventing and/or treating at least one symptom of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and its related disorders, including disorders such as periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), are disclosed. The methods comprise identifying a host, afflicted with Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) and its related disorders; and administering to the host a pharmaceutically effective amount of a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Also provided are methods and compositions for treating/preventing sleep disorders, and methods and compositions for improving sleep quantity and adequacy.

Abstract: A nutrient composition comprises an essential nutrient in which at least one exchangeable H atom is 2H and/or at least one C atom is 13C. The nutrient is thus protected from, inter alia, reactive oxygen species.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medicament in a multilayer form, containing a) a core with a pharmaceutical agent, b) an inner coating, 50 to 95 percent by weight of which arc composed of a (co)polymer comprising 95 to 100 percent by weight of radically polymerized vinylic monomers with neutral side groups and 0 to 5 percent by weight of monomers with anionic side groups, c) an outer coaling made of a copolymer comprising 75 to 95 percent by weight of radically polymerized C1 to C4 alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and 5 to 25 percent by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers with an anionic group in the alkyl radical. Said medicament further contains 5 to 30 percent by weight of common pharmaceutical auxiliaries, particularly emollients. The inventive medicament is characterized in that the inner coaling contains 5 to 50 percent by weight of common pharmaceutical auxiliaries which are no expanding agents while the amount of expanding agents provided is less than 5 percent by weight.

Abstract: A method of individually optimizing a treatment for an inflammation associated disease is provided. The method comprising contacting each of identical white blood cell samples of a subject in need thereof with a different pharmaceutical agent of a plurality of pharmaceutical agents for the inflammation associated disease, so as to allow elicitation of an anti-inflammatory activity in the white blood cell samples; assaying the anti-inflammatory activity in the white blood cell samples; and identifying a pharmaceutical agent of the plurality of pharmaceutical agents eliciting a strongest anti-inflammatory activity, the pharmaceutical agent being the individually optimized treatment for the inflammation associated disease, wherein when the inflammation associated disease is multiple sclerosis the white blood cell samples are inflamed white blood cell samples. Methods of treating an inflammation associated disease are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for rejuvenating the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and improving the skin tone, which includes both a topical composition and a phototherapy device. Specifically, the topical composition contains one or more skin rejuvenating agents selected from the group consisting of creatine, adenosine phosphate, acetyl carnitine, acetyl hexapeptide, and combinations thereof in a pharmaceutically or cosmetically acceptable carrier. The phototherapy device contains one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) for emitting electromagnetic radiation effective for energizing the skin cells and enhancing skin absorption of the skin rejuvenating agents. More particularly, the topical composition is capable of transmitting at least 80% of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the phototherapy device to the skin.

Abstract: The combination of nitric oxide generating compounds which are not dependent upon aldehyde dehydrogenase for bioactivation, or are specifically targeted to nNOS or the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle cells, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors are effective in the treatment of heart disease, specifically congestive heart failure and ischemic coronary disease. This treatment is particularly effective in patients who have particularly heavy oxidative burdens, e.g. diabetics, patients with lung disorders, patients with sickle cell anemia and patients of Asian descent.

Abstract: The lysine riboswitch is a target for antibiotics and other small molecule therapies. Compounds can be used to stimulate, active, inhibit and/or inactivate the lysine riboswitch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stable pharmaceutical compositions comprising entacapone, levodopa and carbidopa, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to non-natural desamino amino acid compounds, methods of making, and peptides containing these compounds as their N-terminus moieties. A preferred example is neurotensin (8-13) in which the N terminus is an alpha desamino N,N dimethyl homolysine residue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a topical composition to enhance sexual response. The composition includes L-arginine, trans-resveratrol, and a topical carrier wherein L-arginine is present in an amount not greater than about 10% and trans-resveratrol is present in an amount not greater than about 10% based upon the weight of the total composition. The invention also relates to a method of enhancing sexual response by topically applying the topical composition to the genitalia of a human, and an integrated product including the topical composition, a container for instantaneous delivery, and instructions for use.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for identifying, monitoring, and/or treating tissue inflammation caused by diseases or injury. Inflammatory mediators from the Nourin family are provided as diagnostic markers to detect or monitor a disease or injury that results in inflammation. In addition, the Nourin family antagonist, Nourexin-4 is provided as a therapy to treat diseases or injury. Further, cyclocreatine is provided as an inhibitor of Nourin formation, which can be used as a therapy to treat injury and inflammation.

Abstract: A composition having sustained pain-relieving properties such that the composition may be administered to a subject to alleviate chronic pain. The composition includes an effective amount of at least one glutaminase inhibitor. A method for alleviating chronic pain in a subject for an extended period of time is also disclosed, in which the compound is administered to a subject suffering from chronic pain at a site of inflammation such that the administration of the compound results in a reduction in at least one of thermal and mechanical pain responses at the site of inflammation for a period of at least two days without any resulting acute pain behavior. The composition may further include an effective amount of at least one compound having analgesic effects such that the composition also alleviates acute pain.

Abstract: Microparticles or granules intended for use in the zootechnical field, constituted by a core which contains a substance having a pharmacological action, a food supplement or a diagnostic medium, intimately mixed or adsorbed with a hydrated silicate of magnesium, aluminum, calcium and sodium (smectite, montmorillonite or bentonite); the core is coated with a double fatty layer constituted by two fats or waxes, of which the one having the highest melting point constitutes the inner layer while the one having the lowest melting point is arranged so as to form the outer layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a combination of therapeutic compounds and treatment methods and kits using the combination. In particular, one of the combination affects the NCca-ATP channel of neural tissue, including neurons, glia and blood vessels within the nervous system. Exemplary SUR1 and/or TRPM4 antagonists that inhibit the NCca-ATP channel may be employed in the combination. The combination therapy also employs one or more of a non-selective cation channel blocker and/or an antagonist of VEFG, NOS, MMP, or thrombin. Exemplary indications for the combination therapy includes the prevention, diminution, and/or treatment of injured or diseased neural tissue, including astrocytes, neurons and capillary endothelial cells, that is due to ischemia, tissue trauma, brain swelling and increased tissue pressure, or other forms of brain or spinal cord disease or injury, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved pharmaceutical or dietary composition in form of an aqueous syrup, consisting essentially of (a) vitamins recommended for consumption by children or young adults, (b) a suitable calcium source, (c) at least one dibasic amino acids, (d) taurine, (e) at least one solubilizer, (f) at least one additional agent selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, preservatives, antioxidants, co-solvents, and (g) water.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and compounds that combine an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) and a modulator of NO levels in a mammal. The NO modulator can be an agent that induces the production of NO in a mammal, or can be an agent that itself produces NO in the mammal. Further disclosed herein are strategies for synthesizing such compounds, and methods for testing whether the combination compounds and compositions provide a desired benefit. Also disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions and formulations that combine a FLAP inhibitor and an NO modulator. Further described herein are methods for using such compositions and compounds for the treatment of diseases, conditions, and disorders in a mammal, including a human. Such treatment methods include the separate administration of a FLAP inhibitor and a NO modulator to the mammal, and the simultaneous administration of a FLAP inhibitor and a NO modulator to the mammal.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, a nutraceutical formula comprising a combination of two or more substances from the group: berry extract, chromium, zinc, trans-resveratrol, l-arginine, chlorophyll, vitamin C and aloe vera combined synergistically to reduce inflammation in mammals suffering from diabetes. In another embodiment of the present invention, a nutraceutical formula comprising a combination of two or more substances from the group: berry extract, chromium, zinc, fr-??s-resveratrol, l-arginine, chlorophyll, vitamin C and aloe vera combined synergistically to enhance wound healing in mammals suffering from diabetes. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a nutraceutical formula comprising a combination of two or more substances from the group: berry extract, chromium, zinc, trans-resveratrol, l-arginine, chlorophyll, vitamin C and aloe vera combined synergistically to reduce inflammation in mammals not suffering from diabetes.

Abstract: A solid or aqueous alkaline preparation comprising a creatine component which comprises a buffer system which adjusts a pH of from 8.0 to 12.0 is described. The creatine is better protected with the aid of the buffer system from conversion into creatinine in the stomach. It has additionally emerged, surprisingly, that the novel formulations display a distinctly higher bioavailability and are thus taken up better by cells. Finally, the preparation of the invention has very good organoleptic properties, which in fact likewise could not be predicted. Owing to these particular advantages, the preparation of the invention is outstandingly suitable as dietary supplements, restoratives, medicinal products and feedstuffs.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for supplementing dietary creatine and facilitating absorption of creatine, comprising an enteric-coated creatine pharmaceutical formulation that may be provided as a tablet, capsules, pellet, and microbead in the form of creatine monohydrate, creatine phosphate, creatine cytrate, creatine pyruvate, or creatine ethyl ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an arginase inhibitor for the preparation of a medicament for the prophylactic maintenance therapy of an asthmatic or allergic patient by preventing obstruction of upper and lower airways, in particular allergen-induced bronchial obstruction and/or airway hyperresponsiveness. The patients are either asthmatic or have allergic rhinitis. Preferably, the arginase inhibitor is 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH).

Abstract: The use of guanidinoacetic acid and/or salts thereof in combination with choline and/or betaine to produce an agent for improving brain function, bone growth and the mineralization of bones, for improving cartilage growth, for alleviating aging processes, for strengthening the immune system, as an antioxidative and neuroprotective agent, for lowering the cholesterol and triglyceride value, for preventing inflammatory processes and for lowering the blood sugar level in humans and vertebrates is described. In this connection it has surprisingly turned out that the new agents have a considerably higher bioavailability and are thus better taken up into the cells than was previously known when using creatine.

Abstract: Prostate cancer comes in various forms and has proven difficult to treat. Provided herein are various methods and compositions for treating all forms of prostate cancers with dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitors. These dopa decarboxylase inhibitors include carbidopa (?-Methyl-dopahydrazine), MFMD (?-monofluoromethyldopa), NSD-1015 (3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine), Methyldopa (L-?-Methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or benserazide, and the inhibitors may be used in combination. DDC inhibitors may also be used to inhibit the progression of prostate cancer to androgen-independence and neuroendocrine prostate cancer.