Abstract: Provided herein, in part, is a method of treating a neurological or movement disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising subcutaneously administering to said patient a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising levodopa and optionally carbidopa and optionally entacapone or tolcapone, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein said composition is administered substantially continuously, and compositions that can be used in the disclosed methods.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating viral disorders via the administration of an inducing agent and an anti-viral agent. In one embodiment, the inducing agent and the anti-viral agent are administered for about five days, and the anti-viral agent is subsequently administered without the inducing agent for an additional period of about sixteen days for a total cycle of about 21 days.

Abstract: The biocompatible, biodegradable materials in the solid and/or liquid form are based on segmented linear polyurethanes and/or segmented crosslinked polyurethanes based on A) one or more biocompatible polyols susceptible to hydrolytic and/or enzymatic degradation having a molecular weight of 100 to 20,000 dalton and a number of active hydroxyl groups per molecule (functionality) of at least two or higher; B) one or more diisocyanates and/or triisocyanates; and C) one or more low molecular weight chain extenders having a molecular weight of 18 to 1000 dalton and the functionality of at least two or higher.

Abstract: New fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitors have been identified which are useful for promoting the retention and/or growth of keratin fibers, such as hair of the scalp, hair of the face (moustache, beard, etc.), eyebrows, eyelashes, and the like. The FGFR1 inhibitors may be formulated in effective amounts in a variety of cosmetic and personal care products.

Abstract: The current invention provides a controlled release oral solid formulation of levodopa comprising levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and a carboxylic acid. Also provided by this invention is multiparticulate, controlled release oral solid formulations of levodopa comprising: i) a controlled release component comprising a mixture of levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor and a rate controlling excipient; ii) a carboxylic acid component; and iii) an immediate release component comprising a mixture of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.

Abstract: The current invention provides a controlled release oral solid formulation of levodopa comprising levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and a carboxylic acid. Also provided by this invention is multiparticulate, controlled release oral solid formulations of levodopa comprising: i) a controlled release component comprising a mixture of levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor and a rate controlling excipient; ii) a carboxylic acid component; and iii) an immediate release component comprising a mixture of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a strategy for providing therapeutic or cosmetic benefit to skin by topically applying arginine chemically bound to a second (non-oligo arginine) compound in order to increase transepithelial delivery of arginine through a combination of increased solubility and flux across the skin. The arginine heteromers of the invention can add other complementary or beneficial properties for the skin beyond those that are arginine-related.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions that are useful in effecting the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents. More particularly, the disclosed transdermal compositions may include a fatty alcohol (for example, octanol), a terpene (for example, limonene), and an active agent comprising an amine moiety.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of various compositions. In some aspects, the transdermal delivery may be facilitated by the use of a hostile biophysical environment. One set of embodiments provides a composition for topical delivery comprising ibuprofen and/or an ibuprofen salt, a nitric oxide donor, and optionally, a hostile biophysical environment. In some cases, the composition may be stabilized using a stabilization polymer such as xanthan gum, KELTROL® BT and/or KELTROL® RD; propylene glycol; and a polysorbate surfactant such as Polysorbate 20, which unexpectedly provides temperature stability to the composition, e.g., at elevated temperatures such as at least 40° C. (at least about 104° F.), as compared to compositions lacking one or more of these.

Abstract: A preparation is disclosed for producing enhanced blood flow in tissue thus causing beneficial effects such as promoting hair growth on scalp tissue lacking sufficient hair, restoring normal sexual function in males with erectile dysfunction. Specifically, this is a preparation which provides local delivery of the amino acid L-arginine, an important biological precursor to the main substance which is responsible for relaxation of blood vessels permitting enhancement of blood flow. In the preferred embodiments, the L-arginine is provided so that it can be topically applied to the scalp or penis. The preparation also contains an agent which aids in the transfer of L-arginine into the tissue. In the preferred embodiments this agent overcomes the resistance to transfer caused by the high charge density of L-arginine. In the preferred embodiments this means is high ionic strength created by addition of choline chloride, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention relates to creatine analogs, compositions comprising same, and methods of using same, alone or in combination with other agents, to treat depression disorders and associated maladies. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of guanidinoacetic acid and/or salts thereof as feed additive, in predominantly vegetarian diets, in particular use being made of salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid. The use proceeds especially in individual doses from 0.01 to 100 g/kg of feed in the form of powders, granules, pastilles or capsules, the feed additive also being able to be used in combination with other physiologically active materials of value. The claimed use which is suitable especially for breeding and growing livestock, has recourse to a compound which is in particular stable in aqueous solution, can be converted to creatine under physiological conditions, and, in contrast to other guanidine derivatives, is completely available to physiological sectors of use.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to novel pharmaceutical methods for the treatment of various conditions. Compositions comprising: at least one phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor in combination with one or more of the following medications: a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; a cholinesterase inhibitor; a dopamine agonist; or a medication suitable to increase the chemical concentrations of the neurotransmitters, selected from amino acids, monoamines, neuropeptides and other agents capable of primary neurotransmission in the synaptic clefts, and their use for treating a neurodegenerative disease in a subject. The invention also relates to: Compositions comprising: at least one phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor in combination with one or more of the following medications: a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; or a cholinesterase inhibitor, and their use for treating damaged skin in a subject.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a tablet suitable for dissolution in the buccal cavity, said composition comprising i) an effective amount of a narcotic active ingredient, and ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable amine having a pK of about 8 or greater, wherein the molar ratio of amine:active ingredient is at least about 5:1.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or preventing psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the improvement of tissue health by increasing local blood flow. In some aspects of the invention, increased local blood flow is effected by the transdermal delivery of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine and/or its derivatives alone, or optionally in conjunction with an adjunct such as theophylline. The transdermal delivery is effected, in certain embodiments through the means of a hostile biophysical environment, such as that created by a high ionic strength environment. Various pathological states caused by, or occurring in conjunction with, insufficient blood flow, can be treated using the systems and methods of the invention as described herein. In other embodiments, increased blood flow using the systems and methods of the invention may result in enhanced healing, for example, through greater availability of the constituents of the blood.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an edible formulation comprising the following ingredients (% on mix) 19 to 30 weight % of a dietary supplement comprising at least 50% of L-arginine, 20 to 35 weight % of cereal flakes, 14 to 25 weight % of puffed brown or white rice, 12 to 24 weight % of nuts, 9 to 18 weight % of orange rind (or dried fruit such as cranberries, blueberries, raspberry, blackberry) and 2 to 10 weight % of water and/or fruit juice, its use and process of preparation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the treatment of major depressive disorder in male subjects and methods for the treatment of psychiatric disorders at high altitudes by administering one or more creatine-containing compounds.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient suffering from a wound, ulcer, or inflammation includes providing a topical formulation comprising a carrier and a combination of active ingredients that includes at least one retinoid and at least one blood vessel dilator, and applying the topical formulation to the skin of the patient to cause healing, accelerated healing or prevention of the wound, ulcer or inflammation. Additional active ingredients may include a promoter of mitochondrial function or an antioxidant.

Abstract: The current invention provides a controlled release oral solid formulation of levodopa comprising levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and a carboxylic acid. Also provided by this invention is multiparticulate, controlled release oral solid formulations of levodopa comprising: i) a controlled release component comprising a mixture of levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor and a rate controlling excipient; ii) a carboxylic acid component; and iii) an immediate release component comprising a mixture of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of treating OCD or an Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder (OCSD), such as BDD or ADHD, using a high-dose glycine treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a levodopa prodrug that overcomes the problems attributed to the blood kinetics of levodopa such as large number of doses and the incidence of side effects due to frequent dosing. (2S)-2-Amino-3-(3,4-bis((2-(benzoyloxy)-2-methylpropanoyl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid, a salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is a levodopa prodrug, and provides a flat blood concentration-time profile of levodopa through oral administration, and therefore is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease and/or Parkinson's syndrome that overcomes the problems associated with pharmaceutical preparations of levodopa.

Abstract: Isolated polynucleotide molecules and peptides encoded by these molecules are used in the analysis of human carbamyl phosphate synthetase I phenotypes, as well as in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, relating to a human carbamyl phosphate synthetase I polymorphism. By analyzing genomic DNA or amplified genomic DNA, or amplified cDNA derived from mRNA, it is possible to type a human carbamyl phosphate synthetase I with regard to the human carbamyl phosphate synthetase I polymorphism, for example, in the context of diagnosing and treating hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) associated with bone marrow transplants.

Abstract: Cycling of ApoE4 isoform is promoted in a person in need thereof by contacting the person with an effective amount of a pharmaceutically-acceptable modulator of intracellular ApoE4 transport vesicle pH.

Abstract: A method of treatment for epilepsy and other disease states is described, which comprises the delivery of gabapentin in a gastric retained dosage form.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a novel arginine derivative and a cosmetic satisfactory in compatibility with the skin and hair, excellent in skin softening effect and skin-conditioning effect, and satisfactory in use feeling with little sticky feeling and tense feeling. Such present invention relates to an arginine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched monohydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and at least one of R1 and R2 represents a linear or branched monohydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms; and R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an ammonium, or an organic ammonium, and a cosmetic containing the same mixed therein.

Abstract: A cosmetic cleaning agent, comprises: in a cosmetic carrier: (a) greater than or equal to 12 wt % of a surfactant mixture comprising (i) at least one anionic surfactant and (ii) at least one zwitterionic/amphoteric surfactant in a weight ratio (i):(ii) of (2,5-3,5):1; (b) at least one cationic copolymer comprising (meth)acrylamide and dialkyldiallylammonium salts as the monomers; and (c) at least one opacifier and/or one pearlizer; wherein the quantities are based on the total weight of the cleaning agent. A method of producing a stable turbid and/or pearlescent cosmetic cleaning agent comprises: combining (a) at least one anionic surfactant and (b) at least one zwitterionic and/or an amphoteric surfactant to produce a surfactant combination; and combining, at room temperature, the surfactant combination with, (c) at least one cationic copolymer comprising (meth)acrylamide and dialkyldiallylammonium salts as the monomers, and (d) at least one opacifier and/or one pearlizer.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel pharmaceutical formulation that compromises a four mg per ml (4 mg/mL) Ibuprofen in an aqueous solution of Arginine and Ibuprofen, wherein the molar ratio of Arginine to ibuprofen is more than or equal to 1.000625:1, Tris buffered, isotonic, and adjusted to pH between 7.2-8.5 by addition of 1.0 N HCL, none of the excipients used contains material of animal or human origin. There were no novel excipients used. The present invention also provides a method of treating through anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity: fever, pain, dysmenorrhea and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and muscles. It is also used for pericarditis and patent ductus arteriosus (Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)), relieve moderate to severe pain, dental pain and pain after an operation, also relieve mild to moderate pain including migraine headache, as well as for short term treatment of pyrexia in children over one year of age.

Abstract: An extraction method for extracts of Pelargonium citronellum with improved methylhexaneamine content is provided. The method involves separating the oil phase from the aqueous phase; concentrating the aqueous phase; purifying the oil phase; and recombining the resulting material. Additionally, extracts of Pelargonium citronellum prepared by the extraction method are provided. The extracts are useful in compositions, for example as dietary supplements, and for appetite suppression.

Abstract: A method of treating nocturia in a human individual includes administering dosages of creatine to the individual; and reducing the dosages of creatine to the individual responsive to an increase in difficulty of the individual to initiate urination. Another example method includes reducing the dosages of creatine to the individual responsive to an increase in nocturnal urination frequency of the individual. A dosing system includes doses of creatine for treating nocturia in a human individual and is configured for reduced doses for administration in response to an increase in one or more nocturia symptoms. Various other methods as well as compositions, systems, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preparation comprising a creatine component, which has excellent bio-availability and leads to improved creatine retention in the human and animal body. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of said preparation, and to the use thereof as a nutritional supplement, functional food, animal feed additive, pharmaceutical, and as an additive for cosmetic and dermatologic formulations.

Abstract: The present invention provides new ?-phenylethylidenehydrazine derivatives, processes for preparing them and their use as pharmaceutical compostions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of guanidinoacetic acid and/or salts thereof as feed additive, in predominantly vegetarian diets, in particular use being made of salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid. The use proceeds especially in individual doses from 0.01 to 100 g/kg of feed in the form of powders, granules, pastilles or capsules, the feed additive also being able to be used in combination with other physiologically active materials of value. The claimed use which is suitable especially for breeding and growing livestock, has recourse to a compound which is in particular stable in aqueous solution, can be converted to creatine under physiological conditions, and, in contrast to other guanidine derivatives, is completely available to physiological sectors of use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extended-release pharmaceutical dosage form of carbidopa and levodopa comprising (i) an immediate-release unit of carbidopa and levodopa; (ii) an extended-release unit of carbidopa and levodopa; and (iii) an immediate or extended-release unit of a carboxylate salt. The present invention further provides a process of preparation thereof.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the invention relate to compounds, compositions and methods that are useful for treating or preventing a disease in a subject by enhancing the degradation of a protein. In other aspects, said compounds can be useful research tools for investigating protein degradation. In other aspects, said compounds are useful research tools for investigating protein function. In certain embodiments, the degraded protein is implicated in a disease or disorder whose pathology is related at least in part to the excessive expression of the protein or the expression of a mutant form of the protein.

Abstract: Compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for treating viral infections, by administering certain novel compounds in therapeutically effective amounts are disclosed. Methods for preparing the compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are also disclosed. In particular, the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections such as caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses is disclosed, i.e., including but not limited to, Arenaviridae (Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, Lassa, Tacaribe, and Pichinde), Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg viruses), Flaviviridae (yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever and Kyasanur Forest disease viruses), and Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever).

Abstract: Novel compounds that find use as imaging agents within nuclear medicine applications (PET imaging) for imaging of cardiac innervation are disclosed. These PET based radiotracers may exhibit increased stability, decreased NE release (thereby reducing side effects), improved quantitative data, and/or high affinity for VMAT over prior radiotracers. Methods of using the compounds to image cardiac innervation are also provided. In some instances the compounds are developed by derivatizing certain compounds with 18F in a variety of positions: aryl, alkyl, a keto, benzylic, beta-alkylethers, gamma-propylalkylethers and beta-proplylalkylethers. Alternatively or additionally, a methyl group a is added to the amine, and/or the catechol functionality is either eliminated or masked as a way of making these compounds more stable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method of identifying whether or not an individual has Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, the invention relates to a method for identifying whether or not an individual has PD as opposed to another neurodegenerative disease. The method of the invention comprises measuring the concentration of ?-synuclein (?-syn) and the concentration of unphosphorylated tau (tau) and/or phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in a cerebrospinal fluid sample taken from an individual. The method also comprises calculating the ratio of the concentration of tau and/or p-tau to the concentration of ?-syn, and thereby determining whether or not the individual has PD.

Abstract: A method of treating a patient with Parkinson's disease is provided. The method comprises orally administering to the patient a first agent comprising levodopa and once-daily, orally administering to the patient a second agent comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The amount of levodopa administered is reduced by 20% to 80% of the amount required in the absence of amantadine.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: wherein m, n, p, R?, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, Z, W, Y, and Z are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wound dressing, comprising a liquid-absorbing substrate having active substance depots contained therein, wherein the active substance depots comprise particles of at least one active substance which are encapsulated in a silicone shell. The invention further relates to a wound dressing according to the invention for use as a means for treating wounds and to the use of a wound dressing according to the invention for producing a means for treating wounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a third generation form of creatine, specifically a creatine hydrochloride salt, that drives significant improvements in muscle development and recovery due to its enhanced bio-availability, while causing fewer negative side effects compared to previous forms of creatine.

Abstract: A composition for increasing blood flow is provided, wherein side effects such as lowering of blood pressure are reduced and blood flow is effectively increased in the capillaries. A composition containing arginine in an amount from 25 mg/kg body weight to 150 mg/kg body weight is also provided. A food composition or a feeding stuff containing the composition is also provided. Method of using the above compositions to increase blood flow is also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods useful for the treatment of anhidrosis in mammals, for example, horses.

Abstract: N-(aminoacyl)-amino compound, represented by the following formula Wherein R1 denotes hydrogen, low alkyl or carbonyl, and N1 denotes an NH group and R2 denotes hydrogen or low alkylphenyl or aralkyl or imidazoalkyl or indolylalkyl, R1 and R2 together may complete a pyrrolidine or piperidine or thiazolidine ring and R3 denotes hydrogen or methyl or low alkyl and R4 denotes hydrogen or alkyl or the group remaining on exclusion of R4 from the formula and Z is a straight chain or branched alkylene, which may contain up to 3 carbon atoms. and R5 is nitrogen or sulphur or oxygen or salts thereof and ester compounds, characterised in that A is an ester or amino acid or alternatively sodium or a potassium salt of arginate and/or of ornithate and/or of aspharaginate.

Abstract: Compositions comprising a nitrite salt, a nitrate salt, and ascorbic acid are provided in several embodiments. A method of enhancing cardiovascular performance or treating adverse cardiovascular event in a mammal is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising the combination of an ibuprofen salt or S(+)-ibuprofen with L-arginine and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and additionally pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles and/or excipients. The invention also relates to the method of producing the composition and to the use of said composition having synergic therapeutic activity, for treating moderate to severe inflammatory pain, fever and inflammation.

Abstract: The current invention provides a controlled release oral solid formulation of levodopa comprising levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and a carboxylic acid. Also provided by this invention is multiparticulate, controlled release oral solid formulations of levodopa comprising: i) a controlled release component comprising a mixture of levodopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor and a rate controlling excipient; ii) a carboxylic acid component; and iii) an immediate release component comprising a mixture of levodopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention provides a blend of amino acid powders that have been exposed to pulsed laser radiation. The pulsed laser radiation is obtained by passing laser radiation through a device, which has a first diffraction grating, a second diffraction grating, and a refractive element positioned between the first and second diffraction gratings. Passing the laser radiation through the device cancels a portion of the laser radiation by destructive interference, and produces pulses of laser radiation by constructive interference. The blend of laser treated amino acids has been found useful in regenerating active myocardial tissue. The invention further provides a process for preparing the laser treated blend of amino acid powders and a method of regenerating active myocardial tissue with the blend.