Abstract: The present invention relates to process to prepare ?-aminobutyryl compounds having ?-amino acid core structural moieties and optionally having ?-phenyl and/or heterocyclic structural moieties. Such compounds are useful as key structure framework of modern drug chemistry.

Abstract: Methods for preconditioning and/or providing neuroprotection to the animal central nervous system against the effects of cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therapeutic agents are administered to the upper third of the nasal cavity to bypass the blood-brain barrier and access the central nervous system directly to avoid unwanted and potentially lethal side effects. Therapeutic agents include those substances that interact with iron and/or copper such as iron chelators, copper chelators, and antioxidants. A particular example of such therapeutic agents is the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). An effective amount of DFO may be administered to the upper third of the nasal cavity of a patient at risk for, or diagnosed with, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effective amount of DFO is delivered directly to the patient's central nervous system for preconditioning, preventing and/or treating the cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I); or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables are defined as herein. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing the compounds of formula (I), their therapeutic uses, combinations with other of pharmacologically active agents, and a pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated peptides with at least two cysteine residues capable of forming one or more disulfide bonds. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the isolated peptides of the present invention are also provided. The invention also provides methods for inhibiting, preventing or improving the pathological or clinical manifestations of cancer or an inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering a peptide of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a GIP analog, which is derived from GIP (1-29, SEQ ID NO: 1), has both GLP-1 agonist activity and GIPR stimulation activity, and comprises an amino acid sequence represented by the following formula I: Tyr-A2-A3-Gly-Thr-Phe-A7-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-A12-A13-A14-A15-Lys-A17-A18-A19-A20-A21-A22-A23-A24-Trp-Leu-A27-A28-A29-Y. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the GIP analog and use thereof.

Abstract: Insulin or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist provides reliable and effective prevention of scarring in human skin, or at least a reduction in the severity of scarring. The application of insulin or the PPAR agonist to wounds topically or by local injection is particularly advantageous since it simultaneously reduces/prevents scarring whilst enhancing re-epithelialisation of the wound and thus provides a dual action wound healing treatment. The present invention accordingly provides a highly effective prophylactic treatment for any individual suffering tissue trauma to reduce and/or prevent normal and/or pathological scarring.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one FGF-21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) compound, at least one GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonist and optionally at least one anti-diabetic drug and/or at least one DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor for the treatment of at least one metabolic syndrome and/or atherosclerosis, in particular diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and/or adipositas. The invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one FGF-21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) compound, at least one DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor and optionally GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonist and/or at least one at least one anti-diabetic drug for the treatment of at least one metabolic syndrome and/or atherosclerosis, in particular diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and/or adipositas.

Abstract: Methods are provided for coating crystalline microparticles with an active agent by altering the surface properties of the microparticles in order to facilitate favorable association on the microparticle by the active agent. Type of surface properties that are altered by the disclosed methods include by electrostatic properties, hydrophobic properties and hydrogen bonding properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention or treatment of diabetes comprising a long-acting insulin conjugate and a long-acting insulinotropic peptide conjugate, and a therapeutic method for the treatment of diabetes, and more particularly, concurrent administration of the long-acting insulin conjugate and the long-acting insulinotropic peptide conjugate inhibits weight gain caused by insulin treatment, and vomiting and nausea caused by insulinotropic peptide treatment, and reduces the required dose of insulin, thereby remarkably improving drug compliance. Moreover, each of the long-acting insulin conjugate and the long-acting insulinotropic peptide conjugate of the present invention is prepared by linking insulin or insulinotropic peptide with an immunoglobulin Fc region via a non-peptidyl linker, thereby showing improved in-vivo duration of efficacy and stability.

Abstract: Physical crystal structures of a compound of the formula I: are provided including the free base monohydrate thereof (form H-1) and the hydrochloric acid salt thereof, including hydrochloric acid salt containing 0.75 equivalent of H2O (form H0.75-3) and hydrochloric acid salt containing 2 equivalents of H2O (form H2-1), and hydrochloric acid salt Pattern P-5, preferably in substantially pure form, and other forms as described herein, pharmaceutical compositions containing structures of compound I or IA, processes for preparing same, intermediates used in preparing same, and methods of treating diseases such as diabetes using such structures.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides therapeutic methods for prevention and treatment of type-2 diabetes comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of FTY720 or an analog.

Abstract: The present invention relates to exendin-4 derivatives and their medical use, for example in the treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, as well as reduction of excess food intake.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pyrrolidinone derivatives. The pyrrolidinone derivatives are GPR119 modulators and useful for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia and related disorders. The invention furthermore relates to the use of pyrrolidinone derivatives as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention provides indane acetic acid and their derivatives and methods for the treating and/or preventing of Alzheimer's diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes or pre-diabetes. In particular, the invention provides compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes or pre-diabetes, based on the use of angiotensin-(1-7) peptides, functional equivalents thereof, and/or angiotensin (1-7) agonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) a pharmaceutically salt thereof wherein R1, R2, Ra, L, Z, Z1 and Z2 are as defined herein, that act as Ghrelin antagonists or inverse agonists; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods of treating diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by the antagonism of the Ghrelin receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for maintaining normoglycemia in a mammal in need thereof, preferably a critically ill patient suffering from acute stress, and to a method for preventing or limiting renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in a mammal, preferably in a critically ill patient suffering from acute stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof, that are useful as single pharmaceutical agents or in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, such as, a DPP-IV inhibitor, a biguanide, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, an insulin analogue, a sulfonylurea, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a meglitinide, a thiazolidinedione, or an anti-diabetic peptide analogue, in the treatment of for example, a disorder selected from: a GPR119-receptor-related disorder; a condition ameliorated by increasing a blood incretin level; a condition characterized by low bone mass; a neurological disorder; a metabolic-related disorder; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and complications related thereto.

Abstract: This document provides methods and material related to natriuretic polypeptides. For example, substantially pure polypeptides having a natriuretic peptide activity, nucleic acids encoding polypeptides having a natriuretic peptide activity, host cells containing such nucleic acids, and methods for inducing a natriuretic or diuretic activity within a mammal are provided.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing a disease, condition or state in a subject in need thereof by administering to the subject an effective amount of the (?)-enantiomer of perhexyline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug or derivative thereof, substantially free of the (+)-enantiomer, or pharmaceutical composition containing same. The disease, condition or state may be associated with altered tissue energetics, impaired tissue energetics, altered cardiac tissue energetics, impaired cardiac tissue energetics, altered hepatic tissue energetics, impaired hepatic tissue energetics, and diabetes.

Abstract: Provided is a method of causing a cell to migrate to a scaffold and there differentiate to form adipose or adipose-like cells or tissue. Also provided is a method of treating a mammal that has a tissue defect. Further provided is a tissue scaffold comprising a cell homing composition and an adipogenic composition. Additionally, a method of making a tissue scaffold capable of recruiting a cell and differentiating the recruited cell to form adipose or adipose-like cells or tissue is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the GPR119 receptor agonists: 3-fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-6-(4-(3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide; -fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-6-(4-(3-(2-fluoro-propan-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-methylbenzamide; and 3-fluoro-4-(5-fluoro-6-(4-(3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-ylamino)benzamide, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof, that are useful as a single pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, such as, a DPP-IV inhibitor, a biguanide, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, an insulin analogue, a sulfonylurea, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a meglitinide, a thiazolidinedione, or an anti-diabetic peptide analogue, in the treatment of for example, a disorder selected from: a GPR119-receptor-related disorder; a condition ameliorated by increasing secretion of an incretin; a condition ameliorated by i

Abstract: Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted (2-aryloxyacetylamino)phenylpropionic acid derivatives, and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and A are each defined as specified, and the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising 1.a and/or 1.b according to claim 1 in combination with at least one second therapeutic agent 2 which is suitable in the treatment or prevention of one or more conditions selected from type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia. In addition the present invention relates to methods for preventing or treating of metabolic disorders and related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the GPR119 agonist, 1-methylcyclopropyl 4-(5-fluoro-6-(2-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Compound 1): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof, that are useful as single pharmaceutical agents or in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, such as, a DPP-IV inhibitor, a biguanide, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, an insulin analogue, a sulfonylurea, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a meglitinide, a thiazolidinedione, or an anti-diabetic peptide analogue, in the treatment of for example, a disorder selected from: a GPR119-receptor-related disorder; a condition ameliorated by increasing the secretion of an incretin; a condition ameliorated by increasing a blood incretin level; a condition characterized by low bone mass; a neurological disorder; a metabolic-related disorder; type 2 diabetes; obesity; and complications related thereto.

Abstract: Methods for preventing and/or treating symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are provided. The preferred method comprises administration of an effective amount of insulin to the upper one-third of a mammal's, preferably a human, nasal cavity, thereby enabling the administered at least one effective amount of insulin to bypass the patient's blood-brain barrier and be directly delivered to the patient's CNS. Another embodiment comprises utilizing vasoconstrictors to enhance targeting of an effective amount of insulin to the CNS while reducing non-target exposure.

Abstract: The present invention provides heterocyclic derivatives that modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Methods of using such derivatives to modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives are also encompassed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Said compounds are suitable e.g. for the treatment of hyperglycemia.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a GPR40 activating agent containing, as an active ingredient, a novel compound having a GPR40 agonist action, a salt of the compound, a solvate of the compound or the salt, or the like, particularly, an insulin secretagogue and a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent against diabetes, obesity, or other diseases. [Means of Solving the Problem] A compound of Formula (I): (where p is 0 to 4; j is 0 to 2; k is 0 to 1; a ring A is an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, a cycroalkyl group, a cycroalkenyl group, a spirocyclic group; a ring B is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group; X is O or —NR7—; and R1 to R7 and L are specific groups), a salt of the compound, or a solvate of the compound or the salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for treating metabolic disorders, including diabetes by using a combination of an acylated glucagon analogue and an insulin analogue. The invention also features a kit that includes an acylated glucagon analogue and an insuline analogue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula (I), wherein ring A, ring B, R1, R2, R3, Z, and L1 are selected independently of each other and are as defined herein, to compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds as glucagon receptor antagonists and for the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides pladin (plasma anti-diabetic nucb2 peptide) polypeptide and functional equivalent thereof that are useful for treating diabetes. The present invention provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to a subject nesfatin-1, pladin, or a functional equivalent thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treating diabetes by administering to subject plasmin inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. Said compounds are suitable, for example, for treating hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) and physiologically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, e.g., for treating hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Said compounds are suitable e.g. for the treatment of hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. Said compounds are suitable, for example, for treating hyperglycemia.

Abstract: Improved methods and kits for treating the long-term complications of diabetes that reduce the risk of the patient developing hypoglycemia during C-peptide therapy. The use of such methods and kits can also maintain good glycemic control and avoid excessive weight gain that may otherwise be associated with excessive insulin administration or caloric intake during C-peptide therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Said compounds are suitable e.g. for the treatment of hyperglycemia.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for accelerating the healing process of wounds, increasing the closure of skin wounds, and decreasing inflammation at the site of a skin wound. Specifically, the disclosure relates to compositions comprising a delta-PKC activator, an alpha-PKC inhibitor, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that is free of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. The disclosure also relates to compositions comprising an insulin or insulin analog and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that is free of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and devices for treating restenosis are described. In accord with the invention, a composition containing CTGF and insulin is applied to blood vessels and restenosis is reduced or prevented.

Abstract: Insulin preparations comprising a long-acting insulin compound, a fast-acting insulin compound, a nicotinic compound and an amino acid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions related to increasing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the treatment of chronic heart failure, comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of perhexiline, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to treat said chronic heart failure. The chronic heart failure maybe non-ischaemic or ischaemic. Also disclosed is the use of perhexiline in the manufacture of a medicament to treat chronic heart failure, including chronic heart failure of a non-ischaemic origin and chronic heart failure of an ischaemic origin.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aryl glycoside compound as represented by formula I or formular I?, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optical isomer thereof or a prodrug thereof. The present invention relates to a method of preparing said aryl glycoside compound and the use thereof The aryl glycoside compound of the present invention has an excellent ability on inhibit SGLT activity, especially SGLT2 activity, and is diabetes-fighting medicine with great potential.

Abstract: The invention provides glucagon analogue peptides and their use for promoting weight loss or preventing weight gain, and the treatment of obesity or excess body weight and associated conditions. The compounds may also be used to improve glycemic control and/or for the treatment of diabetes. The compounds may mediate their effect, inter alia, by having increased selectivity for the GLP-1 receptor as compared to human glucagon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified forms of C-peptide, and methods for their use. In one aspect, the modified forms of C-peptide comprise modified C-peptide derivatives which exhibit superior pharmacokinetic and biological activity in vivo.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for use as a medicament comprising insulin in combination with at least one compound of formula (I) wherein the radicals R1 to R6 have the meaning according to claim 1, and/or physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Another object of the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredients effective amounts of insulin and at least one compound of formula (I), together with pharmaceutically tolerable adjuvants, for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment and/or monitoring of physiological and/or pathological conditions that are associated with insulin resistance. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical package comprising insulin in a first dosage unit and at least one compound of formula (I) in a second dosage unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel substituted aminotetrahydropyrans of structural formula I which are inhibitors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved, such as diabetes and particularly Type 2 diabetes. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for use as a medicament comprising insulin in combination with at least one compound of formula (I) wherein the radicals R1 to R6 have the meaning according to claim 1, and/or physiologically acceptable salts thereof. Another object of the invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredients effective amounts of insulin and at least one compound of formula (I), together with pharmaceutically tolerable adjuvants, for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment and/or monitoring of physiological and/or pathological conditions that are associated with insulin resistance. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical package comprising insulin in a first dosage unit and at least one compound of formula (I) in a second dosage unit.