Abstract: A method for treating age related macular degeneration (AMD) using an insulin preparation applied topically to the conjunctival sac of the affected eye. Another aspect of this invention is using antiangiogenic adjuvant therapeutic agents such as bevacizumab, ranibizumab, pegaptanib, etanercept, instilled in to the afflicted eye conjunctival sac with insulin to prevent further formation of new blood vessels, and shrink the existing pathologically formed blood vessels and reduce the edema in wet AMD. This method incorporates putting the patients on low fat diet, aerobic exercise, ketamine-a NMDA blocker, reducing the blood cholesterol using adjuvant therapeutic agents selected from Statins, that are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, (i.e. HMG-Co A) reductase which in turn reduce drusen formation that leads to AMD, combined with insulin ophthalmic drops.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of nasal congestion, wherein the pharmaceutical compositions comprise low concentrations of a super-selective subclass of selective ?-2 adrenergic receptor agonists. Methods of using the compositions for the treatment of nasal congestion, cerebrovascular disease or systemic conditions, and as delivery vehicles to deliver other active agents to treat systemic or cerebrovascular diseases or conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an in situ-forming, bioadhesive hydrogel and the medical uses thereof. Being formed by in situ crosslinking through an enzymatic reaction, the hydrogel has an advantage over conventional bioadhesive hydrogels in terms of biocompatibility. In addition, the in situ-forming bioadhesive hydrogel has excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength and has excellent tissue adhesiveness thanks to modification with/without dopa derivatives. The hydrogel finds a variety of applications in the biomedical field, including bioadhesives or hemostats, implant substances for tissue regeneration and augmentation, carriers for delivering biologically active materials or drugs, etc.

Abstract: The invention is for a safe and effective method of administering an opthalmological therapeutic agent for the treatment of night blindness and improving night vision, using insulin, and chlorin e6, preparations instilled into the conjunctival sac as ophthalmic drops. Night blindness and decreased night vision is associated with retinal diseases such as dry age related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and other such related eye diseases by using insulin, chlorin e6, ketamine, and monoclonal antibodies and IGF-1. The ophthalmic preparations may be supplemented with oral intake of various retinal photoreceptors vision supporting lutein, vitamin A, Zeaxanthin, Omega 3 Oils and other nurticeuticals. They may also be supplemented with cholesterol lowering statins in the elderly with high blood cholesterol to prevent eye diseases such as AMD contributing to night vision and night blindness.

Abstract: A treatment method for restoring of age related tissue loss in the face or selected areas of the body is disclosed which includes injecting an injectable composition containing a growth factor and hyaluronic acid as a carrier into the dermis, the hypodermis, or both, in various areas of the face, or selected areas of the body of a person to stimulate collagen, elastin, or fat cell production, thereby restoring age related tissue loss in the face and selected areas of the body. Further disclosed is an injectable composition for restoring of age related tissue loss in the face and selected areas of the body, which contains a growth factor and hyaluronic acid as a carrier for providing time release of the growth factor into tissues. The growth factor can be insulin, insulin-like growth factor, thyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor, estrogen, retinoic acid, or their combinations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel substituted aminotetrahydropyrans of structural formula I which are inhibitors of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved, such as diabetes and particularly Type 2 diabetes. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme is involved.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder or key elements of a metabolic disorder such method comprising the use of an agent(s) that increases central dopaminergic activity plus a first-phase insulin secretagouge.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is an orally administerable pharmaceutical preparation containing a combination of biotechnologically produced human recombinant insulin and/or modified insulin or an analogue and/or derivative thereof, a protease inhibitor and a high molecular weight (natural) protein. The invention relates to a method for the production of the pharmaceutical preparation as well. The subject of the invention also covers the use of the pharmaceutical preparation and a method for the treatment of diabetes in mammals.

Abstract: A safe and effective treatment to curtail and cure autism spectrum disorders has been described in this invention using insulin, IGF-1, with multiple known adjuvant therapeutic agents, as well as other pharmaceutical, biochemical, nurticeuticals, and biological agents or compounds delivered through the olfactory mucosal region of the nose and external auditory meatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic compositions comprising prebiotic components selected from fructose polymers GFn and Fm, either containing a glucose (G) end-group, or without a glucose end-group, and one or more component of a group of prebiotics consisting of modified or unmodified starch and partial hydrolysates thereof, partially hydrolysed inulin, natural oligofractoses, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), lactulose, galactomannan and suitable partial hydrolysates thereof, indigestible polydextrose, acemannan, various gums, indigestible dextrin and partial hydrolysates thereof, trans-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), beta-glucan and partial hydrolysates thereof, together if desired with phytosterol/phytostanol components and their suitable esters, and if desired other plant extracts, mineral components, vitamins and additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the finding that certain DPP-4 inhibitors are particularly suitable for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, in paediatric patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain DPP-4 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing oxidative stress, vascular stress and/or endothelial dysfunction as well as to the use of such DPP-4 inhibitors in treatment and/or prevention of diabetic or non-diabetic patients, including patient groups at risk of cardiovascular and/or renal disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of treating type I diabetes by inducing hyperleptinemia in subjects afflicted with type I diabetes. These methods can achieve normoglycemia and suppress hypergluconemia, and alleviate conditions associated with such, even in the absence of or at extremely low levels of adjunct insulin therapy, and without any appreciable increase in insulinogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, s, and Z are selected independently of each other and are as defined herein, to compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds as glucagon receptor antagonists and for the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: Disclosed are in situ-forming injectable hydrogel and medical uses thereof. In the in situ-forming injectable hydrogel two or more homogeneous or heterogeneous polymers are bonded to each other by a dehydrogenation reaction between phenol or aniline moieties on adjacent polymers, wherein a polymer backbone is grafted with a phenol or aniline moiety using a linker. In contrast to conventional hydrogel, the in situ-forming injectable hydrogel is superior in terms of in vivo stability and mechanical strength thanks to the introduction of a water-soluble polymer as a linker which leads to an improvement in the reactivity of phenol or aniline moieties. Having the advantage of superior bio stability and mechanical strength, the hydrogel finds a variety of applications in the biomedical field.

Abstract: A method of treatment of retinitis pigmentosa using a medically effective dose of insulin, IGF-1, and chlorin e6 topically applied to the conjunctival sac of the afflicted eye. The combination of these is very effective in treating retinitis pigmentosa and may be repeated as directed by a medical practitioner. The method includes preparing the dosage and filling an eye dropper with the compound, then having the patient lie in a supine position while administering the dosage. The patient remains in this position for 5 minutes to ensure absorption of the compound. In one embodiment, single use eye droppers are provided to simplify treatment. The particular dosage is adjusted to take individual metabolisms into account. A thorough examination of the patient's eyes should be done prior to treatment.

Abstract: The invention is based upon the discovery that red blood cells contain phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B), and that inhibition of that phosphodiesterase allows for an enhanced accumulation of cAMP and subsequent release of ATP. It was further discovered that RBCS treated with insulin accumulate significantly less cAMP and release significantly less ATP than normal RBCS. Likewise, RBCS of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (hyperinsulinemia) accumulate significantly less cAMP and release significantly less ATP than normal RBCS. It was further discovered that prostaglandin analogues synergistically work with phosphodiesterase 3B inhibitors to improve or increase cAMP accumulation and ATP release RBCS. Thus the invention is directed to compositions and methods for improving ATP release by RBCS, via administering PDE3B inhibitor or a combination of PDE3B inhibitor and prostaglandin analogue.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition and method for inducing or accelerating a healing process of a skin wound are described. The pharmaceutical composition contains, as an active ingredient, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one agent for modulating PKC production and/or activation, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The method is effected by administering the composition to a wound.

Abstract: Methods of treating diabetic ketoacidosis are disclosed. The methods utilize an endothelin antagonist to treat diabetic ketoacidosis in mammals, including humans.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating a patient having type 2 diabetes who has failed on previous regimens of one or more oral and/or injectable anti-diabetic agents, which include the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of an SGLT2 inhibitor alone or in combination with another anti-diabetic agent and/or other therapeutic agent to such patient. A pharmaceutical composition containing dapagliflozin or dapagliflozin-S-propylene glycol solvate and one or more diabetic agents and/or other therapeutic agents for use in the methods of the invention is also provided.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein Ring A and Ring B are: (1) Ring A is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, and Ring B is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or an optionally substituted benzene ring, (2) Ring A is an optionally substituted benzene ring, and Ring B is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or (3) Ring A is an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, and Ring B are independently an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or an optionally substituted benzene ring; X is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; Y is —(CH2)n— (n is 1 or 2); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A nutritional Composition for a subject, comprising prolactin identical or similar or analogous to prolactin found in a natural food source, and at least one protective layer, wherein release of said prolactin from the composition in said subject is the result of an environmental event.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of controlling blood glucose levels in subjects receiving an insulin therapy. The methods include administering to the subject receiving an insulin therapy a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor and a GLP-1 related peptide. The present invention relates also to the use of such a combination for treating insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of (A) a 1-thio-D-glucitol compound represented by the general formula (I) and (B) at least one member of the group consisting of biguanides, insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, insulins, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, ?-glucosidase inhibitors, and GLP-1 mimetics, has superior efficacy in preventing or treating diabetes mellitus, diseases associated with diabetes mellitus, or complications of diabetes mellitus and yet it causes no appreciable side effects.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a tautomeric form, regioisomer, stereoisomer, solvate, N-oxide or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein ‘a’—is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring and substituted or unsubstituted carbohydrate moiety y is a member selected from —O—, —CO—, —S02-, aminoalkyl or formula (II) wherein, Rw is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl; x is a member selected from -0-, —S—, —SO—, —S02-, CONR10, NR10CO and —NRd—, or x and y together represent a chemical bond; Z is selected from —CH—, —N—. t is an integer selected from O to 4; with the provisos that when ‘a’ is substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl ring then ‘t’ is not O and when y=—CO—, x is not NRd.

Abstract: The present invention includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising HDV insulin or oral HDV insulin, and one or more additional therapeutic agents useful for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes related ailments. The present invention also includes a method of making the pharmaceutical inventions of the application. The present invention further includes methods of treating diabetes and/or diabetes related ailments comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of the invention to a patient in need thereof. The present invention also includes methods of treating diabetes related ailments comprising administering a pharmaceutical formulation of HDV insulin or a pharmaceutical formulation of oral HDV insulin.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a compound according to formula (I). The compounds of formula (I) include prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomer mixtures, and enantiomers thereof. The invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and to methods for treating diabetes by administering such a pharmaceutical composition alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. The invention is also directed to inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drug comprising at least one insulin and at least one GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Bicyclic Piperidine and piperazine Derivatives, compositions comprising a Bicyclic Piperidine and piperazine Derivative, and methods of using the Bicyclic Piperidine and piperazine Derivatives for treating or preventing obesity, diabetes, a metabolic disorder, a cardiovascular disease or a disorder related to the activity of a GPCR in a patient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are diketopiperazine microparticles having a specific surface area of less than about 67 m2/g. The diketopiperazine microparticle can be fumaryl diketopiperazine and can comprise a drug such as insulin.

Abstract: The present invention provides heterocyclic derivatives that modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Methods of using such derivatives to modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives are also encompassed.

Abstract: The present invention provides spiro derivatives that modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Methods of using such derivatives to modulate the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such derivatives are also encompassed.

Abstract: The invention relates to aryloxyalkylene-substituted hydroxyphenylhexynoic acid derivatives, and to physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and A are each defined as specified, and physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: Heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments The invention relates to heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, and to physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R10, X, n, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are each defined as specified, and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted (2-aryloxyacetylamino)phenylpropionic acid derivatives, and to the physiologically acceptable salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and A are each defined as specified, and the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is benzothiazine derivatives having the capability of inhibiting 11?-HSD1 not only at an enzymatic level but also at a cell level. The compounds of the present invention are of general formula (I). Wherein notably R1 represents a hydrogen or OR1 represents an ester or an ether. R2 represents a naphthyl or a 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthalene or a biphenyl or phenyl pyridine or a substituted phenyl. R3 represents a methyl or ethyl; R4 and R?4 represent a hydrogen.

Abstract: Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical composition compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat diabetes, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to therapeutic uses of ErbB ligands, including betacellulin. The therapeutic uses include methods of using ErbB ligand family compounds alone, or in conjunction with other agents, for reducing blood glucose levels, treating Type I and Type II diabetes, obesity, muscle wasting diseases, and cardiotoxicity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlled release pharmaceutical composition which exhibits reduced food effect.

Abstract: Glucagon receptor antagonist compounds are disclosed. The compounds are useful for treating type 2 diabetes and related conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment are also included.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising beta-alanylhistidine peptides and/or beta-alanines, and methods for administering these peptides and amino acids. In one aspect, the compositions and methods cause an increase in the blood plasma concentrations of beta-alanine and/or creatine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel immunotherapeutic compositions and methods useful for treating or preventing microbial infections, weakened immune systems, diseases in which cells have become obligately anaerobic and cellular proliferative disorders including cancer. The immunotherapeutics herein use benzaldehyde derivatives, precursors and intermediaries alone or in combination with additional therapeutic agents to stimulate the immune system and inhibit cellular proliferation.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment or prophylaxis of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, and for lowering of intraocular pressure. The invention provide VEGFR-1 agonists and combinations of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) with placenta growth factor (PLGF), ‘ Secreted protein acidic cysteine-rich’ (SPARC) antagonists, insulin, insulin like growth factor, their isoforms, their analoges, their gene-engineered modifications. Furthermore, the formentioned compositions and combinations are provided for coadministration with antiglaucoma agents, currently in clinical use, for the treatment or prophylaxis of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, for lowering of intraocular pressure, for increasing success rate of surgical procedures for the treatment or prophylaxis of glaucoma, and for preserving retinal ganglion cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one polypeptide having GLP-1 activity wherein an effective dose of said pharmaceutical composition comprises 15 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg of said polypeptide having GLP-1 activity. Also provided are methods of administering the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The application relates to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising 200-1000 U/mL [equimolar to 200-1000 IU human insulin] of insulin glargine.

Abstract: Glucagon receptor antagonist compounds are disclosed. The compounds are useful for treating type (2) diabetes and related conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment are also included.

Abstract: A safe and effective treatment for glaucoma for mammalian species comprises the steps of applying insulin and/or insulin like growth factors (IGF-1) to an eye. In addition to the insulin, another therapeutic agent may be applied to enhance the activity of the insulin. The therapeutic agent may be a pharmaceutical agent or a biochemical pharmaceutical agent. The therapeutic agents include prostaglandin analogs, topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists-? blockers, Alpha2-adrenergic agonists hair growth therapeutic agents, beta2-agonist action agents, parasympathomimetic miotic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and Physostigmine. In another embodiment, a combination of at least two agents are applied to the eye. To enhance the effect of the insulin, uptake facilitators may be used. Additionally, an antibacterial agent may be applied to control bacterial infection.

Abstract: The invention is related to the use of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) for the treatment of obesity and associated disorders: hyperglycaemias, insulin resistance, development of type 2 diabetes and dyslipemias and given its anorexigenic role, fat oxidation stimulant, hypoglycaemic, sensitizing agent of the action of insulin on a skeletal muscle level and inhibitor of the intestinal transport of glucose by enterocytes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for preventing or treating diabetes. The invention in particular discloses compounds according to formula (I) for use in the prevention and treatment of type II or I diabetes.

Abstract: Glucagon receptor antagonist compounds are disclosed. The compounds are useful for treating type 2 diabetes and related conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment are also included.