Abstract: Provided herein are formulations that can contain an effective amount of a PKC? inhibitor. Also provided herein are methods of inhibiting a PKC? in a subject in need thereof, that can include the step of administering an effective amount of a compound that is capable of inhibiting a PKC?.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved methods of treating hyperglycemia with a combination of an ultrarapid acting insulin and insulin glargine comprising prandial administration of the ultrarapid insulin, and administration of a first dose of insulin glargine within 6 hours of waking for a day.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing one or more of triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels in a subject are provided. The methods include administering a fragment of ANGPTL8 to a subject having or at risk of developing elevated triglyceride levels, elevated total cholesterol levels and/or elevated LDL cholesterol levels.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved methods of treating hyperglycemia with a combination of an ultrarapid acting insulin and insulin glargine comprising prandial administration of the ultrarapid insulin, and administration of a first dose of insulin glargine within 6 hours of waking for a day.

Abstract: A stable aqueous insulin preparation comprising human insulin, analogs or derivatives thereof, one or more solubility enhancing agents are selected from urea, amino acids and/or surfactants optionally one or more other pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s).

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating obesity in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of catestatin (CST) or its equivalent to a subject afflicted with obesity so as to maintain an effective amount of circulating catestatin in the subject to promote lipolysis and oxidation of released fatty acids in both liver and adipose tissue, thereby, reducing adipose tissue weight and hence treating obesity in the afflicted subject.

Abstract: A composition which includes oxyntomodulin and polyethylene glycol polymer (PEG polymer) linked via a reversible linker such as 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or 2-sulfo-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMS) is disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the reverse pegylated oxyntomodulin and methods of using same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides diagnostic and prognostic methods and methods of evaluating treatment protocols for disorders such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer and vascular disease by detecting the levels of a novel isoform of ChREBP, termed ChREBP ?. The invention also provides nucleic acids, proteins, reporter constructs based on ChREBP ? and methods of identifying one or more agents that modulate the expression of a ChREBP ? target gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are analogs of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds. These compounds have activity as agonists of GIP receptor.

Abstract: A composition which includes oxyntomodulin and polyethylene glycol polymer (PEG polymer) linked via a reversible linker such as 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) or 2-sulfo-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (FMS) is disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the reverse pegylated oxyntomodulin and methods of using same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein is a treatment comprising the following step: (a) injecting a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition into the celiac artery of an individual, wherein the pharmaceutical composition reverses recent onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Also described is a method for identifying an individual who will be responsive to this treatment. In addition there is described a device containing the pharmaceutical composition for injecting the pharmaceutical composition into the celiac artery.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses albumin fusion proteins. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the albumin fusion proteins of the invention are also encompassed by the invention, as are vectors containing these nucleic acids, host cells transformed with these nucleic acids vectors, and methods of making the albumin fusion proteins of the invention and using these nucleic acids, vectors, and/or host cells. Additionally the present invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising albumin fusion proteins and methods of treating, preventing, or ameliorating diseases, disorders or conditions using albumin fusion proteins of the invention.

Abstract: Derivatives of purine, 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrimidine and 1H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyrazine of Formula I that inhibit the activity of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and their uses in the treatment of diseases linked thereto in animals are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating the expression of genes linked to adipocytokine signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, or combinations thereof, methods of treating hyperlipidemia, obesity, excessive cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, diabetes, or combinations thereof, and methods of stimulating glucose uptake in an animal in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising at least one isolated glyceollin to said animal.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polypeptide analogs of GLP-1 and exendin-4. The polypeptide, in a preferred embodiment, is insulinotropic and long-acting. Preferably, the polypeptide's insulinotropic effect is comparable to or exceeds the effect of an equimolar amount of GLP-1 or exendin-4. The invention also relates to a method of treating a subject with diabetes, comprising administering to the subject the polypeptide of the invention in an amount that has an insulinotropic effect. The invention also relates to methods of using GLP-1, exendin-4, and polypeptide analogs thereof for neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions related to the use of boswellic acids (such as acetyl-11-keto-?-boswellic acid, 11-keto-?-boswellic acid, ?-boswellic acid, acetyl-?-boswellic acid, 9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, acetyl-9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, ?-boswellic acid, acetyl-?-boswellic acid, 11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, acetyl-9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, lupeolic acid, acetyl lupeolic acid, 12-ursene-2-diketone, incensole, incensole acetate, a derivative, in particular an ester thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a combination thereof, or a preparation containing one or more of these compounds) for the human medical or veterinary prophylaxis and/or treatment of: a) damage to and/or inflammation of the islets of Langerhans and/or b) damage to the B-cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Abstract: The disclosure provides one-component, injectable, sustained release formulations which comprise microspheres containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (e.g., exenatide), wherein the microspheres are suspended in a non-aqueous carrier. The non-aqueous carrier can be an oil, a fractionated oil, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, propylene glycol fatty acid diesters, and the like. The formulations offer distinct advantages of long shelf life for the stability and potency of the formulation and sustained release of active pharmaceutical ingredients to reduce the frequency of medication dosing and to increase patient compliance.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compositions comprising analogs of glucagon, wherein the analog comprises an ?-amino acid and at least one ?-amino acid. Administration of the compositions may be used for effecting treatment or prevention of a plurality of disease states caused by dysfunctional biochemical or biological pathways, including diabetes and other metabolic disorders. The compositions and methods of this invention are particularly useful to identify novel therapeutic modulators of in-vivo receptor activity with extended half-lives and relevant bioactivity as compared to the naturally translated polypeptides upon which the analogs are derived.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for treatment for of r afflicted or in risk of becoming of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or type-2 it comprising an effective amount of relaxin for protecting beta-cells and beta-cell function against the effects of high blood glucose (glucotoxicity). Treatment of persons of disglycaemias, and protection of beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and beta-cell function in patients having type-2 diabetes, is diclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to peptides and peptide derivatives based on the naturally occurring peptide xenin. The invention provides a peptide of SEQ ID No. 1 or an analogue thereof which is able to stimulate insulin secretion and which has no more than 7 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to the native sequence, the peptide having one or more lysine residues substituted with a lipophilic substituent of 840 carbon atoms, optionally via a spacer. The present invention also provides a peptide of SEQ ID No. 1 or an analogue thereof which is able to stimulate insulin secretion and which has no more than 7 amino acid substitutions or deletions as compared to the native sequence and in which one or more of Lys4, Lys8, Arg11, Lys13, Phe17, Lys20, or Arg21 have been replaced with another amino acid which increases resistance of the peptide to enzymatic degradation. Further provided are molecules and formulations comprising these peptides and therapeutic uses of these peptides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder or key elements of a metabolic disorder such method comprising the use of an agent(s) that increases central dopaminergic activity plus a first-phase insulin secretagouge.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical combination comprising (a) an anti-inflammatory agent/anti-oxidant agent conjugate; and (b) an insulin secretogogue, an insulin sensitizer, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, a peptide analog, or a combination thereof. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods of treating metabolic disorders with such conjugates.

Abstract: An agent for suppressing postprandial elevation of blood insulin concentration, comprising a polyglutamic acid as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and kits for treating diseases and conditions associated with impaired pancreatic function. The present invention further provides methods of stimulating islet cell neogenesis and stimulating islet cell differentiation from progenitor cells.

Abstract: A method of generating pancreatic progenitor cells is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) differentiating stem cells under conditions such that at least a portion of the cells express glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) so as to generate GLUT2-expressing cells; and (b) enriching for the GLUT2-expressing cells so as to generate a population of GLUT2 enriched cells, wherein at least 80% of the population of GLUT2 enriched cells express GLUT2, thereby generating pancreatic progenitor cells. Isolated populations of cells generated according to the method, pharmaceutical compositions comprising same and uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for treating hypogly.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for increasing insulin sensitivity in a subject. A method may comprise administering to a subject in need of increased insulin sensitivity a therapeutically effective amount of a glypican-4 agent. Also provided herein are methods for determining whether a subject is or is likely to become insulin resistant. A method may comprise determining the level of glypican-4 in a subject, wherein an elevated level of glypican-4 indicates that a subject is or is likely to become insulin resistant.

Abstract: Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment methods, compositions, and kits for enhancing insulin secretion and beta cell numbers and functions, and controlling glycemia associated with diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases, by modulating FKN/CX3CR1 expression levels or activities, and its downstream signaling pathways in a subject in need or at risk.

Abstract: An insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) inhibitor for use in the treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a neurodegenerative disease is disclosed.

Abstract: Pegylated and reverse pegylated GLP-1/Glucaron receptor agonists including pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and methods of using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of syntheses and therapeutic uses of covalently modified peptides and/or proteins. The covalently modified peptides and/or proteins allow for improved pharmaceutical properties of peptide and protein-based therapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to certain peptide conjugates, and to the use of the conjugates in the treatment of a variety of diseases or disorders, including diabetes (type 1 and/or type 2) and diabetes-related diseases or disorders.

Abstract: A method and a composition for decreasing ghrelin levels and/or decreasing ghrelin/unacylated ghrelin ratio in a subject, the method comprising administering an effective amount of unacylated ghrelin, a fragment thereof, an analog thereof and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to the subject wherein a reduction in ghrelin levels and/or a reduction in ghrelin/unacylated ghrelin ratio is beneficial to the subject. Also, use of ghrelin level and/or ghrelin/unacylated ghrelin ratio as biomarkers for determining a subject's likelihood of responding to and/or benefiting from administration of unacylated ghrelin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions forming a low viscosity mixture of: a. 25-55 wt. % of at least one diacyl glycerol and/or at least one tocopherol; b. 25-55 wt. % of at least one phospholipid component comprising phospholipids having i. polar head groups comprising more than 50% phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and ii. two acyl chains each independently having 16 to 20 carbons wherein at least one acyl chain has at least one unsaturation in the carbon chain, and there are no more than four unsaturations over two carbon chains; c. 5-25 wt. % of at least one biocompatible, oxygen containing, low viscosity organic solvent; wherein 0.1-10 wt. % of at least one peptide active agent comprising at least one somatostatin receptor agonist is dissolved or dispersed in the low viscosity mixture; and wherein the pre-formulation forms, or is capable of forming, at least one non-lamellar liquid crystalline phase structure upon contact with an aqueous fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder or key elements of a metabolic disorder such method comprising the use of an agent(s) that increases central dopaminergic activity plus a first-phase insulin secretagouge.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions for regulating glucose metabolism. The compositions provide for reduced levels of p75NTR and/or reduced binding of p75NTR to a GTPase such as Rab31 or Rab5. The compositions are useful in methods of regulating glucose metabolism, which methods are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining progression of a condition, onset of a condition, or efficacy of treatment of a condition characterized by an adipocyte imbalance in a patient. In addition, methods are disclosed of treating diabetes, abnormal adipocyte activity, and insulin resistance using monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric forms of certain C-terminal fragments of adiponectin receptor. In addition, methods of treating abnormal adipocyte activity, treating metabolic syndrome, causing insulin secretion, increasing insulin levels, inhibiting insulin degradation enzyme, treating Alzheimer's disease, treating cardiovascular disease associated with adiponectin levels, inhibiting ADAM-17 enzyme, inhibiting a protease, treating a condition associated with TNF-alpha, and treating a condition associated with HER2-neu are disclosed. Compositions, dosage forms, and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fibronectin-based scaffold domain proteins that bind to myostatin. The invention also relates to the use of these proteins in therapeutic applications to treat muscular dystrophy, cachexia, sarcopenia, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, COPD, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and fibrosis. The invention further relates to cells comprising such proteins, polynucleotides encoding such proteins or fragments thereof, and to vectors comprising the polynucleotides encoding the proteins.

Abstract: Work described herein provides, in one embodiment, a method for increasing proliferation or replication of pancreatic beta cells in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of an agent that increases the level or activity of hepatocellular carcinoma-associated protein TD26 (TD26), thereby increasing proliferation or replication of pancreatic beta cells. Such an agent may function by, for example, increasing the level of active TD26 in the subject or by increasing the functional activity of TD26 in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fibronectin-based scaffold domain proteins that bind to myostatin. The invention also relates to the use of these proteins in therapeutic applications to treat muscular dystrophy, cachexia, sarcopenia, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity, COPD, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and fibrosis. The invention further relates to cells comprising such proteins, polynucleotides encoding such proteins or fragments thereof, and to vectors comprising the polynucleotides encoding the proteins.

Abstract: The invention provides polypeptides comprising a complement factor B analog. The invention also provides various complement factor B analogs including complement factor B analogs comprising a mutation of a free cysteine amino acid and related methods, nucleic acids and vectors. These complement factor B analogs and related methods, nucleic acids and vectors can be used to modulate a complement pathway or for the study and/or treatment of various conditions or diseases related to a complement pathway.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for ameliorating symptoms associated with hyperglycemia by administering a Zn-?2-glycoprotein or a functional fragment thereof, methods of decreasing plasma insulin levels, methods of increasing skeletal muscle mass, and methods of bringing about a weight reduction or reduction in obesity. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions for use thereof.

Abstract: Described are methods of improving glycemic control/improving insulin sensitivity by administering an inhibitor of Striated Muscle Activator of Rho Signaling (STARS) activity, and methods of identifying new compounds for use in the described methods of treatment.

Abstract: Methods of treating metabolic diseases and disorders using a Clec-2 extracellular domain are provided. In various embodiments the metabolic disease or disorder is type 2 diabetes, elevated glucose levels, elevated insulin levels and elevated triglyceride levels.

Abstract: There are provided polypeptide conjugates having enhanced duration of biological activity, and methods of use thereof. The polypeptide conjugates include duration enhancing moieties, including water soluble polymers, bound to the polypeptide components of defined sequence. Methods of use are provided for treatment of metabolic disorders. Methods of use are provided for treatment of an eating disorder, insulin resistance, obesity, overweight, abnormal postprandial hyperglycemia, Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dumping syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, hyper lipidemia, sleep apnea, cancer, pulmonary hypertension, cholescystitis, osteoarthritis, or short bowel syndrome.

Abstract: Methods of treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, hepatic and non-hepatic steatosis, and diabetes using a pentapeptide, LVKGRamide, derived from the C-terminus of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Abstract: The present invention discloses the protein pleitrophin secreted by the developing pancreas, and polynucleotides, which identify and encode this protein. The invention also relates to the use of these sequences in the diagnosis, study, prevention, and treatment of pancreatic diseases (e.g. diabetes), obesity, and/or metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: The invention relates to variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), variants and fusions of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and variants or fusions of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and/or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) proteins and peptide sequences (and peptidomimetics), having one or more activities, such as glucose lowering activity, and methods for and uses in treatment of hyperglycemia and other disorders.

Abstract: Novel protracted exendin-4 compounds and therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic and diagnostic somatostatin analogs including radiotherapeutic and radiodiagnostic reagents, and methods of making and use thereof.