Abstract: Disclosed herein are exendin singly modified with polyethylene glycole or a derivative thereof, a method for the preparation of the same, and uses thereof. Exendin modified at lysine (27) with polyethylene glycol shows biological activity similar to that of natural exendin, but is improved in half life. In addition, the modification position and the number of PEG or its derivative are restricted so as to minimize the side effects caused by a variety of combinations of such factors. The exendin is useful in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by the over-secretion of insulin, or diseases caused due to a decrease in plasma glucose level, the inhibition of gastric or intestinal motility, the promotion of satiety, or the inhibition of food intake, especially diabetes, obesity and irritable colon syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a derivative selected from oxytocin, an oxytocin derivative, and an oxytocin agonist useful for the treatment of a disorder selected from obesity and insulin resistance and related methods and pharmaceutical formulations. In particular, the invention relates to a derivative selected from oxytocin, an oxytocin derivative, and an oxytocin agonist useful in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Methods of treating individuals with a glucose metabolism disorder, and compositions thereof, are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and pharmaceutical compositions for inducing pancreatic hormone production.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for treating metabolic diseases and conditions associated with metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Polypeptide analogs of the invention that include a) a base amino acid sequence at least 80% identical to one of a GLP-1 fragment; and b) amino acid residues attached to the carboxy terminus of the base amino acid sequence, where the analogs have GLP-1-like activity of longer duration than native GLP-1 and/or the GLP-1 receptor has a greater affinity for the analogs than native GLP-1. Other polypeptide analogs of the invention include a) a base amino acid sequence at least 50% identical to a GLP-1 fragment in which the amino acid residue in the base amino acid sequence corresponding to the P?1 residue of GLP-1 is an amino acid analog having a tetrasubstituted C? carbon; and b) amino acid residues attached to the carboxy terminus of the base amino acid sequence, where the analogs have the properties indicated above. The invention also includes methods of treatment where these analogs are administered.

Abstract: The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of: (a) an active macromolecular principle; and (b) a non-conjugated bile acid or salt; and (c) an additive chosen from propyl gallate, butyl hydroxy anisole (BHA) and analogues and derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided are methods of using humanin and humanin analogs to treat a mammal exhibiting or at risk for insulin resistance, increase insulin sensitivity in a mammal exhibiting or at risk for insulin resistance, treat type-2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and neurodegeneration, treat and prevent myocardial injury, and determine longevity.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions to achieve a sustained delay in the progression of, or an amelioration of diabetes in a subject, or a delay in diabetes onset in a subject at risk for diabetes, comprising an abbreviated course of administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an exendin or an exendin agonist analog in an amount effective to induce cell regeneration.

Abstract: Methods of forming compositions for the sustained release of water soluble active agents, including biologically active polypeptides and products produced by the process are described. Improved product characteristics and ease of scale-up can be achieved using a novel coacervation process wherein at least one coacervation agent is added to the mixture comprising the active agent and the polymer in at least two distinct stages.

Abstract: Combination therapy comprising PPAR modulators and glucose reabsorption inhibitors useful for the treatment of diabetes and Syndrome X are disclosed.

Abstract: Acylated CGRP compounds with a linker have prolonged action and are valuable as medicaments.

Abstract: In the current invention peptides, which are derived from GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and exendin-3 and/or exendin-4, are provided which bond to the GLP-receptor and can be used, labeled or unlabeled, for the production of an agent for diagnostic and therapy of benign and malignant diseases, in which GLP-1 receptor expression plays a role.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating obesity-related diseases comprising an insulinotropic peptide conjugate, more particularly, to a composition for treating obesity-related diseases comprising a conjugate prepared by covalently linking the insulinotropic peptide with a carrier substance via a non-peptidyl linker, and a method for treating obesity-related diseases by using the same. In particular, the composition for treating obesity-related diseases according to the present invention remarkably improves the efficacy of suppressing food intake and its duration to reduce body weight and body fat, thereby being useful for the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to peptide compositions and methods of using the peptide compositions to treat prediabetes, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Described are methods of improving insulin sensitivity, and treating fatty liver disease (including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)), by administering specific inhibitors of PKC delta.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for identifying agents that modulates 138-kDa C2 domain-containing phosphoprotein (CDP138) activity or phosphorylation levels both in vivo and in vitro. Also provided are methods and compositions to prolong the survival of neuronal cells, to ameliorate or prevent a condition associated with release of insulin from insulin producing cells and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, to inhibiting proliferation of a cancer cell and to inducing cell cycle arrest of a cancer cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds having a function of a peptide in the amylin family, related nucleic acids, expression constructs, host cells, and processes production of the compounds. The compounds of the invention include one or more amino acid sequence modifications. In addition, methods and compositions are disclosed to treat and prevent metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and increased cardiovascular risk.

Abstract: An isolated polypeptide comprising any amino acid fragment of unacylated ghrelin or any analog thereof, wherein the polypeptide has an activity selected from the group consisting of a) decreasing blood glucose levels; b) increasing insulin secretion an/or sensitivity; c) binding to insulin-secreting cells; and d) promoting survival of insulin-secreting cells. As well as the use of the polypeptide in the treatment of a disorder associated with impaired glucose metabolism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of polynucleotides and polypeptides involved in insulin and adiponectin signaling and regulation of glucose production. The invention further relates to the use of the identified polynucleotides and polypeptides, and inhibitors of the polynucleotides and polypeptides, in the regulation of glucose production and the monitoring and treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to SorCS1-like agents, including SorCS1, nucleic acid molecule encoding expression of SorCS1 and fragments thereof, as well as vectors containing said nucleic acid and to cells expressing SorCS1 and said fragments, for use in the treatment of insulin resistance.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of preventing or treating insulin resistance in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide having at least one net positive charge; a minimum of four amino acids; a maximum of about twenty amino acids; a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (pm) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3pm is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; and a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to pt+1, except that when a is 1, pt may also be 1.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of treating a metabolic disorder or key elements of a metabolic disorder such method comprising the use of an agent(s) that increases central dopaminergic activity plus a first-phase insulin secretagouge.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining progression of a condition, onset of a condition, or efficacy of treatment of a condition characterized by an adipocyte imbalance in a patient. In addition, methods are disclosed of treating diabetes, abnormal adipocyte activity, and insulin resistance using monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric forms of certain C-terminal fragments of adiponectin receptor. In addition, methods of treating abnormal adipocyte activity, treating metabolic syndrome, causing insulin secretion, increasing insulin levels, inhibiting insulin degradation enzyme, treating Alzheimer's disease, treating cardiovascular disease associated with adiponectin levels, inhibiting ADAM-17 enzyme, inhibiting a protease, treating a condition associated with TNF-alpha, and treating a condition associated with HER2-neu are disclosed. Compositions, dosage forms, and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the identification of new polypeptide and protein variants of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) that have improved pharmaceutical properties. Also disclosed are methods for treating FGF21-associated disorders, including metabolic conditions.

Abstract: An agent for suppressing postprandial elevation of blood insulin concentration, comprising a polyglutamic acid as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Peptides are provided having leptin receptor agonist activity. The peptides are useful for treating obesity, type II diabetes, appetite control after bariatric surgery, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and hypothalamic amenorrhea, obesity-related infertility, among other diseases and conditions related to leptin deficiency and/or leptin resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to antidiabetic medications which are suitable in the treatment or prevention of one or more conditions selected from type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperglycemia, inter alia. In addition the present invention relates to methods for preventing or treating of metabolic disorders and related conditions. The medication is a mono treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor <preferably linagliptin> or a combination treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor and a second and/or third antidiabetic.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a nutritional composition for the treatment of disorders which are associated with malfunctioning in the uptake and use of food-derived energy in the human body. In particular, the invention concerns the use of a nutritional composition for the treatment of a disorder, which is mediated by a postprandial endocrine or neurological response in a human body, wherein the nutritional composition comprises one or more of a specific protein fraction, a specific carbohydrate fraction and a specific nutritional fiber fraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for the sustained release of biologically active polypeptides. The sustained release compositions of this invention comprise a biocompatible polymer having dispersed therein a biologically active polypeptide, and a corticosteroid to modify the release profile and provide increased bioavailability.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses albumin fusion proteins. Nucleic acid molecules encoding the albumin fusion proteins of the invention are also encompassed by the invention, as are vectors containing these nucleic acids, host cells transformed with these nucleic acids vectors, and methods of making the albumin fusion proteins of the invention and using these nucleic acids, vectors, and/or host cells. Additionally the present invention encompasses pharmaceutical compositions comprising albumin fusion proteins and methods of treating, preventing, or ameliorating diseases, disorders or conditions using albumin fusion proteins of the invention.

Abstract: Enterally administered calcitonin family members other than amylin, particularly calcitonin itself, are effective to treat Type I diabetes, Type II diabetes or metabolic syndrome, for mitigating insulin resistance, and for reducing serum glucose levels.

Abstract: The disclosure provides N-terminus conformationally constrained compounds, which may comprise peptide mimetics and/or amino acid substitutions, which may be used in peptides, such as GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds, to induce a ?-turn secondary structure at the N-terminus. The N-terminus conformationally constrained compounds may be used for research purposes; to produce GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds having improved GLP-1 receptor binding activity, enzymatic stability, or in vivo glucose lowering activity; and to develop GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds which have fewer amino acid residues. The disclosure also provides GLP-1 receptor agonist compounds, such as exendins, exendin analogs, GLP-1 (7-37), GLP-1 (7-37) analogs, comprising the N-terminus conformationally constrained compounds. The compounds are useful for treating various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. The disclosure also provides methods for chemically synthesizing the N-terminus conformationally constrained compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved methods of treating hyperglycemia with a combination of an ultrarapid acting insulin and insulin glargine comprising prandial administration of the ultrarapid insulin, and administration of a first dose of insulin glargine within 6 hours of waking for a day.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having proline substitution at position 34 and other substitution(s) as defined herein that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, pharmaceutical formulations containing the same, and method of treating diseases or conditions mediated by neuropeptide Y-receptor binding. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel analogues of neuropeptide Y having at least one unnatural amino acid substitution, such as 4Hyp at position 34, that selectively bind to the neuropeptide Y1 receptor subtype compared to the neuropeptide Y2 receptor subtype.

Abstract: Expression of the E4 orf 1 gene of Ad-36 alone has been discovered to be responsible for the increased insulin sensitivity observed in Ad-36 infected animals, including increased adipogenesis. Ad-36 E4 orf 1 protein can be used to increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate diabetes. Additionally, drugs that mimic the action of Ad-36 E4 orf 1 protein could be found. Ad-36 E4 orf 1 could also be used to increase fat cells in lipodystrophy. We have also discovered that Ad-36 infection in human skeletal muscle cells increased differentiation and insulin independent glucose uptake. It is expected that infection with Ad-36 E4 orf 1 gene will also cause these effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metastin derivative in which the amino acids comprising metastin were modified by alternative chemical substituents resulting in metastin derivitives, having excellent blood stability and exhibiting cancer metastasis inhibiting action or cancer growth inhibiting action.

Abstract: Novel exendins with modifications at one or more of following positions: 2, 14, 27 or 28 and polyethylene glycol derivatives thereof are provided. These compounds are useful in treating type 2 diabetes as GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Abstract: This invention provides reagents and methods for delivering insulin, insulinomimetic agents, and the like to a vertebrate eye via subconjunctival routes, sub-Tenon's routes, or intravitreal routes for treatment of nerve-related vision disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, and formulations useful in the practice of the disclosed methods.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of preventing or treating insulin resistance in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide having at least one net positive charge; a minimum of four amino acids; a maximum of about twenty amino acids; a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (pm) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3pm is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; and a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to pt+1, except that when a is 1, pt may also be 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antisense oligonucleotides that modulate the expression of and/or function of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), in particular, by targeting natural antisense polynucleotides of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). The invention also relates to the identification of these antisense oligonucleotides and their use in treating diseases and disorders associated with the expression of SIRT 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising combinations of biologically active proteins linked to extended recombinant polymer, methods of production of the compositions and their use in treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, disorders and conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the finding that certain DPP-4 inhibitors are particularly suitable for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, in patients for whom metformin therapy is inappropriate due to intolerability or contraindication against metformin.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating a patient with insulin that combines insulin, a permeation enhancer, and a carrier that maintains an acidic pH, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of administering an insulinotropic peptide in an amount effective to treat a disorder or condition while reducing nausea side effect by administering to a subject in need thereof an insulinotropic peptide conjugated to albumin. The present invention also provides methods of selecting a subject for administration of a conjugated insulinotropic peptide. Exemplary disorders or conditions treatable with an insulinotropic peptide include obesity and type II diabetes.

Abstract: Novel peptide agonists of GLP-1 activity useful for lowering blood glucose levels. The novel peptides comprise variants of the GLP-1 or the exendin-4 polypeptide sequence and are pharmacologically active and stable. These peptides are useful in the treatment of diseases that benefit from regulation of excess levels of blood glucose and/or regulation of gastric emptying, such as diabetes and eating disorders.

Abstract: Novel protracted exendin-4 compounds and therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using GPR119 receptor to identify compounds useful for increasing bone mass in an individual. Agonists of GPR119 receptor are useful as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing a condition characterized by low bone mass, such as osteoporosis, and for increasing bone mass in an individual. Agonists of GPR119 receptor promote bone formation in an individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using GPR119 receptor to identify compounds useful for increasing bone mass in an individual. Agonists of GPR119 receptor are useful as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing a condition characterized by low bone mass, such as osteoporosis, and for increasing bone mass in an individual. Agonists of GPR119 receptor promote bone formation in an individual.