Abstract: A nutritional composition, suitable for enteral administration, is described which contains 5-120 g of composite dietary fibre per daily dosage of the composition or per 2000 kcal, which fibre consists of 15-50 wt. % of soluble non-starch polysaccharides, such as gum arabic or pectin, 15-45 wt. % of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and 8-70 wt. % of oligosaccharides and/or resistant starch and/or lignin. The oligosaccharides such as inulin or hydrolyzed inulin can be present at a level of 8-40 wt. %. The resistant starch may be present at a level of 5-30 wt. %. The composition may further contain carbohydrates and/or fats and/or proteinaceous material and may be dry or liquid. It may be used as a complete food or a food supplement, e.g. for clinical patients or infants.

Abstract: Novel non-reducing oligosaccharide having a structure represented by the formula of alpha-D-oligoglucosyl alpha-D-oligoglucoside is obtained by exposing either an aqueous solution which contains trehalose and an alpha-glucosyl saccharide or an aqueous solution which contains a non-reducing saccharide bearing a trehalose structure at its end to a saccharide-transferring enzyme. The oligosaccharide has a reduced sweetness, superior stability, appropriate viscosity and less or no susceptibility to crystallization or superior solubility when in crystalline form. These features make the oligosaccharide very useful in various compositions including foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and shaped bodies.

Abstract: Cosmetic compositions useful in skin care are provided containing an effective aesthetic enhancing amount of calcium salt starch derivatives having the following formula: ##STR1## where ST is the starch base material, R is a dimethylene group and R' is a substituent hydrocarbon group having 10 to 16 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The tendency of an orally-ingestible dietary fiber composition to cause excessive flatulence upon oral administration is reduced considerably by the incorporation therein, in addition to other dietary fiber components, a flatulence-reducing amount of chitosan, or by administering such a flatulence-reducing amount of chitosan concurrently with the other dietary fiber components, illustratively the usual antihyperlipidemic pharmaceutical dietary fiber composition or dietary supplement composition. A preferred dietary fiber composition according to the invention incorporates a plurality of dietary fiber components other than chitosan, preferably acacia gum, pectin, and guar gum, together with a flatulence-reducing amount of chitosan.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to methods for the synthesis of sialyl Lewis.sup.x derivatives modified at the C-2 and/or C-6 position of GlcNAc employing chemo-enzymatic synthesis. The derivatives find use in the treatment and prevention of diseases.

Abstract: A method of managing or alleviating carbohydrate craving, binge eating, anxiety, or depression entails administering an aqueous carbohydrate blend containing dextrose, dextrin, maltodextrin or a mixture thereof, and starch, pregelatinized starch, or a mixture thereof. The aquous mixture is essentially free of protein, has a pH of less than 6 and has a ratio of water to carbohydrate blend of about 3-12 mL water to 1 g of carbohydrate blend.

Abstract: The invention relates to improved ifosfamide preparations which are distinguished in that as primary auxiliary a polysaccharide, in general a glycan, preferably dextran, starches or cellulose, in particular dextrans having an MW of 20,000 to 85,000, modified starches such as hydroxyethyl starch and chemically modified celluloses such as hydroxyethylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a glycol ether, preferably polyethylene glycol, in particular polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of 600 to 6000 or an amino acid, preferably alanine, leucine or glutamic acid, is added to them.The improved ifosfamide preparation can also contain as an auxiliary a pharmaceutically customary buffer, for example acetate, citrate or tris buffer, preferably phosphate buffer.In addition, improved ifosfamide preparations are obtained by addition of NaHCO.sub.3.The ifosfamide preparations according to the invention can comprise one or a combination of several auxiliaries.

Abstract: An artificial plasma-like substance having at least one water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agent selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 40 and dextran 70, and albumin which is buffered by lactate and has a pre-administration pH of between 5 and 6.5 is disclosed. Also disclosed is an artificial plasma-like solution having at least two water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agents one of which is eliminated from the circulation slowly and the other of which is eliminated from the circulation quickly. Supplimentation of the plasma-like solution with certain ions is described. A system for administration of the plasma-like solution to a subject wherein the system comprises a first and second solution each having particular buffers is described. The plasma-like solution including cryoprotective adducts is also disclosed.

Abstract: tris(substituted phenyl) bismuth compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful x-ray radiographic imaging agents: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Dietary supplement formulation which increases lean body mass without concomitant increase of body fat mass, an effect parallel to that seen with usage of synthetic anabolic steroidal compounds but without adverse side-effects. The formulation composition of the invention comprises creatine, taurine, ribonucleic acid, and optimally, a carbohydrate (starch or a simple saccharide)component for enhancing cellular uptake. Other components such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid and salts thereof, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyric acid and salts thereof can be added for optimal results. The composition may be taken alone or in combination with a nutrient base, which typically includes protein source(s), carbohydrate(s), vitamin(s), and mineral(s) and other amino acids such as L-Glutamine and other natural L-form non-branched chain or branched chain amino acids. Actual studies in weight trained men show statistically significant increases in lean body mass yet with decreases in fat mass within 28 days.

Abstract: The invention deals with porous aggregates and a process for making same. The aggregates generally comprise discrete particles which are bound together, the aggregates having intra-aggregate volumes which may contain drug substances or other functional substances.

Abstract: An artificial plasma-like substance having at least one water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agent selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 40 and dextran 70, and albumin which is buffered by lactate and has a pre-administration pH of between 5 and 6.5 is disclosed. Also disclosed is an artificial plasma-like solution having at least two water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agents one of which is eliminated from the circulation slowly and the other of which is eliminated from the circulation quickly. Supplimentation of the plasma-like solution with certain ions is described. A system for administration of the plasma-like solution to a subject wherein the system comprises a first and second solution each having particular buffers is described. The plasma-like solution including cryoprotective adducts is also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved encapsulated products comprising a matrix of a starch hydrolyzate acid ester having a water-insoluble material encapsulated therein. In preferred embodiments, a reducing sugar is employed in the encapsulating process and the starch hydrolyzate ester is refined and an acid in combination with an acid salt is used in forming the starch hydrolyzate acid ester.

Abstract: A dietary composition comprising, based on total caloric content of the composition,a) a carbohydrate component which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content;b) a lipid component which comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content; andc) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content and which comprises specified amino acids and amounts thereof is useful providing nutrition to human adolescents.

Abstract: A dietary composition comprising, based on total caloric content of the composition,a) a carbohydrate component which comprises from 50 to 65% of the total caloric content;b) a lipid component which comprises from 20 to 35% of the total caloric content; andc) an amino acid component which comprises from 10 to 20% of the total caloric content and which comprises specified amino acids and amounts thereof is useful providing nutrition to human adolescents.

Abstract: A method of preparing starch esters consists of combining starch with an esterification catalyst and then reacting the starch with a vinyl compound. The starch esters thus prepared and the compositions containing those esters have properties which are superior to the starch esters of the prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel thermostable non-reducing saccharides-forming enzyme, its preparation and uses. The enzyme is obtainable from the culture of microorganisms such as Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (ATCC 33909 and ATCC 49426) and Sulfolobus solfataricus (ATCC 35091 and ATCC 35092), and capable of forming non-reducing saccharides having a trehalose structure as an end unit when allowed to act on reducing partial starch hydrolysates at a temperature of over 55.degree. C. Glucoamylase and .alpha.-glucosidase readily yield trehalose when allowed to act on the non-reducing saccharides. These non-reducing saccharides and trehalose are extensively useful in food products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: An artificial plasma-like substance having at least one water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agent selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 40 and dextran 70, and albumin which is buffered by lactate and has a pre-administration pH of between 5 and 6.5 is disclosed. Also disclosed is an artificial plasma-like solution having at least two water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agents one of which is eliminated from the circulation slowly and the other of which is eliminated from the circulation quickly. Supplimentation of the plasma-like solution with certain ions is described. A system for administration of the plasma-like solution to a subject wherein the system comprises a first and second solution each having particular buffers is described. The plasma-like solution including cryoprotective adducts is also disclosed.

Abstract: An antiulcer agent effective on prevention of ulceration and acceleration of healing of ulcers and processes for preparing the same are disclosed. The antiulcer agent comprises rhamnan (a homopolysaccharide), rhamnose or a rhamnose oligomer as an active ingredient. Rhamnan is prepared by separating rhamnan sulfate from rhamnan sulfate-containing algae and desulfurating the rhamnan sulfate. Rhamnan oligomers are prepared by hydrolyzing rhamnan obtained by desulfuration of rhamnan sulfate or by hydrolyzing microbial cells of a Bifidobacterium or polysaccharides separated therefrom.

Abstract: There is provided preservation solutions for perfusing and storing an organ while awaiting transplantation. The preservation solutions include, per liter of solution, a balanced isotonic solution of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions and bicarbonate in a physiologically acceptable amount, from about 1.0 .mu.m to about 5.0 .mu.m of an amiloride-containing compound; and water sufficient to make a liter of solution. The amiloride-containing compound may be amiloride, hexamethylene amiloride, dimethyl amiloride, ethyl isopropyl amiloride or methyl isobutyl amiloride. The preserving solutions may also include other components such as EDTA, a small amount of adenosine, and at least one antioxidant. There is also provided a method for arresting an organ, storing an organ and transplanting an organ all at room temperature for up to at least 24 hours.

Abstract: A starch derivative which, when incorporated with no or only a little plasticizer, yields moldings having good flexibility, toughness, and water-relating properties for practical use is an esterified, polyester-grafted starch which is formed by esterifying starch and grafting the starch with polyester. The esterification involves the introduction of one or more acyl groups consisting of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acid groups or aromatic carboxylic acid groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms and the polyester is one which is formed from one or more 4- to 12-membered lactones by ring-opening polymerization, with the terminal hydroxyl groups being almost completely blocked by esterification.

Abstract: The present invention provides an infant formula for infants with metabolic disorders in fatty acid catabolism such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCAD), short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and failure to thrive syndrome. The present invention also provides an assay for diagnosing children and infants with metabolic disorders such as failure to thrive syndrome; a method for treating failure to thrive syndrome; and a process for normalizing the lipid content of the mitochondrial membrane. In particular, the present invention provides an infant formula containing 90-130 cals/Kg which comprises (a) 2.5-3.5 g/Kg protein; (b) carbohydrate; (c) fat; and (d) .gtoreq.500 mg carnitine, wherein the ratio of carbohydrate to fat is greater than or equal to 60:40.

Abstract: Improvedly stable and effective, topically applicable cosmetic compositions well suited for artificially tanning and/or darkening human skin, comprise, in a cosmetically acceptable vehicle, diluent or carrier therefor, an effective artificial tanning amount of dihydroxyacetone, in immixture with at least one alkylpolysaccharide and at least one fatty alcohol, and, optionally, at least one polysaccharide.

Abstract: A new class of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents are described whose in vivo biodistribution is based upon the ability of certain cells to recognize and internalize macromolecules, including the MR contrast agents of the present invention, via a process which substantially involves receptor mediated endocytosis. The RME-type MR contrast agents described herein comprised of biodegradable superparamagnetic metal oxides associated with a variety of macromolecular species, including but not limited to, serum proteins, hormones, asialoglycoproteins, galactose-terminal species, polysaccharides, arabinogalactan, or conjugates of these molecules with other polymeric substances such as a poly(organosilane) and dextran. One of the advantages of these MR contrast agents is that they may be selectively directed to those cells which bear receptors for a particular macromolecule or ligand and are capable of undergoing receptor mediated endocytosis.

Abstract: A porous aggregate having a high intraaggregate reticular volume for releasable containment of functional substances is described. The porous aggregates comprise discrete particles, preferably starch granules, bound together at least at their points of contact in the aggregates. The surfaces of the discrete particles cooperate to define an intraaggregate reticulate volume. The porous aggregate composition of this invention finds use as a high capacity carrier of functional substances for a wide variety of applications, in which the functional substance is released from the aggregate composition under the influence of mechanical compression/disintegration, by degradation or dissolution of the binder and/or particulate components, or by diffusion from the porous surface.

Abstract: A method of contrast enhanced ultrasonic diagnostic imaging comprising: administering to a subject a contrast enhancing amount of spheres or particles comprising a matrix enclosing a contrast agent which reflects sound waves, said matrix being a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic non-polyamino acid synthetic polymer; and generating an ultrasonic image of said subject.

Abstract: Polyionic derivatives of cyclodextrins and methods for preparing these derivatives are provided in which a polyionic derivative of cyclodextrin is combined with a growth factor, preferably a heparin binding growth factor. These compositions are of low solubility and are applied directly to the location of a wound. By virtue of the low solubility, the compositions remain in place at the site of application and slowly release growth factor. In an alternative embodiment, the cyclodextrin derivatives are administered in the absence of growth factor and are used to absorb growth factor present in the body at the location of the wound in order to prevent overstimulation of the wound response.

Abstract: Novel contrast media for use in ultrasonic imaging are described. Such contrast media may be comprised of an aqueous solution of one or more biocompatible polymers, wherein said biocompatible polymers are coated with and/or in admixture with at least one silicon containing compound. Alternatively, the contrast media may be comprised of an aqueous solution of one or more biocompatible synthetic polymers, or an aqueous solution of cellulose. The contrast media may be employed, if desired, with anti-gas agents and/or suspending agents.

Abstract: A beverage for preoperative use is disclosed which comprises a hypotonic aqueous solution of a carbohydrate mixture consisting of at least one member from each of the groups, mono-, di-, and polysaccharides in an amount of 8-20, preferably 9-15 grams carbohydrates/100 ml solution. The invention also relates to a hypotonic aqueous solution as defined above for the use as a beverage for preoperative intake, to the use of mono-, di- and polysaccharides for the preparation of such a hypotonic aqueous solution and to the use of a dry substance comprising essentially A) a carbohydrate mixture consisting of 10-30% by weight of at least one monosaccharide, 10-30% by weight of at least one disaccharide and at least one polysaccharide as the balance to 100% by weight of said mixture and B) minor amounts of salts, flavoring and preservatives for the preparation of a hypotonic beverage for preoperative intake.

Abstract: Grafted polysaccharide compositions comprising polysaccharides grafted with antioxidants on at least one hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide. The use of antioxidant grafted polysaccharides or antioxidant grafted crosslinked polysaccharides as a treatment for arthritis, as a drug delivery vehicle, to reduce the incidence of post-operative adhesion formation, to promote the healing of chronic wounds and ulcers, and as a component of cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome "PMS" comprising an effective amount of an aqueous mixture of water and a rapidly digestible carbohydrate blend. The aqueous mixture is essentially free of protein and is characterized by a certain pH and ratio of water to carbohydrate blend. Methods of use of the composition for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with PMS are also disclosed.

Abstract: A therapeutic food composition for treatment of diabetic patients to diminish fluctuations in blood sugar levels and prevent hypoglycemic episodes, comprising per unit about 20-50 grams of nutrients including a slowly absorbed or digested complex carbohydrate, preferably cornstarch; a more rapidly absorbed complex carbohydrate; protein; and fat, but substantially no simple sugars. Diabetic patients may be treated to diminish blood sugar fluctuations and prevent hypoglycemia via the administration of the novel food composition as an evening or pre-bedtime snack or during the daytime hours to patients receiving insulin therapy or engaging in activities that might provoke hypoglycemia.

Abstract: An artificial plasma-like substance having at least one water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agent selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 40 and dextran 70, and albumin which is buffered by lactate and has a pre-administration pH of between 5 and 6.5 is disclosed. Also disclosed is an artificial plasma-like solution having at least two water soluble polysaccharide oncotic agents one of which is eliminated from the circulation slowly and the other of which is eliminated from the circulation quickly. Supplimentation of the plasma-like solution with certain ions is described. A system for administration of the plasma-like solution to a subject wherein the system comprises a first and second solution each having particular buffers is described. The plasma-like solution including cryoprotective adducts is also disclosed.

Abstract: Particle for use especially as a fat substitute, characterized in that it includes an insoluble hydrophile matrix, surrounded by a hydrophobic layer of fatty acids bound to the matrix by covalent bonds and capable of interacting with lipidic or amphiphilic compounds. The invention also concerns a composition for use as a fat substitute and a process for the preparation of such particles.

Abstract: An amphipathic polychelating compound including a hydrophilic polymeric moiety having a main backbone and a plurality of reactive side groups, a lipid-soluble anchor linked to the N terminal of the polymeric moiety, and a plurality of chelating agents linked to the side groups of the polymeric moiety. The polychelating compounds are bound to liposomes or micelles for use as diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

Abstract: A method of reducing post-operative adhesion formation by topically applying an ionically crosslinked carboxyl-containing polysaccharide or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. sodium hyaluronate crosslinked with ferric chloride, to a site of surgical trauma.

Abstract: The use of a hydroxyethyl starch specification with a molecular weight M.sub.W of 110,000 to 150,000, a substitution level MS of 0.38 to 0.5, a substitution level DS of 0.32 to 0.45, and a C.sub.2 /C.sub.6 ratio from 8 to 20 for improvement of microcirculation in a peripheral arterial circulation disorder, in particular in already existing peripheral arterial occlusive disease in Stage II according to Fontaine. This hydroxyethyl starch specification can be used in suitable concentrations, e.g., as 6 wt.-% or 10 wt.-% solution, whereby these solutions optionally contain conventional adjuvants and additives.

Abstract: Polysaccharides (e.g., dextran) of different molecular weights were substituted at the anomeric carbon with polyalkylene oxides of different molecular weights to give novel diblock copolymers. The copolymers inhibit bacterial aggregation. The copolymers are useful as antiplaque agents, as agents to prevent bacterial aggregation in an aqueous system or in a fermentation system.

Abstract: A porous aggregate having a high intraaggregate reticular volume for releasable containment of functional substances is described. The porous aggregates comprise discrete particles, preferably starch granules, bound together at least at their points of contact in the aggregates. The surfaces of the discrete particles cooperate to define an intraaggregate reticulate volume. The porous aggregate composition of this invention finds use as a high capacity carrier of functional substances for a wide variety of applications, in which the functional substance is released from the aggregate composition under the influence of mechanical compression/disintegration, by degradation or dissolution of the binder and/or particulate components, or by diffusion from the porous surface.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a method and compositions which inhibit pancreatic cholesterol esterase and triglyceride lipase and hence, lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood stream.

Abstract: A sustained-release pharmaceutical composition comprising a highly soluble pharmaceutical agent, such as selegiline, in a pharmaceutical carrier comprising a hydrophilic polymer dispersed in a hydrophobic matrix. A hydrophilic microenvironment is created in a hydrophobic matrix by incorporating hydrophilic polymers within a hydrophobic matrix. Optionally, a binder, preferably a polyhydroxylated compound, ca also be added.

Abstract: Cosmetic skin and hair care compositions are provided containing amino-multicarboxylate starch derivatives as thickeners or emulsion stabilizers and which have the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein St-O represents a starch molecule;R is H or CH.sub.3 ;R' is H, CH.sub.3 or COOH;M is a cation;n is 2 or 3; andR" is H or alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms. These compositions have good rheological properties and have excellent aesthetic properties of feel and appearance.

Abstract: Carbohydrate-containing polymers which can have an HLB* of from about 10 to about 20 are disclosed. The compounds comprise a hydrophilic polymer portion, a carbohydrate portion comprising from 1 to about 20 naturally occurring, identical or different, monosaccharide units, at least one bifunctional spacer coupling the carbohydrate portion to the hydrophilic polymer portion, and a potentiator moiety. The potentiator moiety can be is a crosslinking moiety located within the hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophobic, hydrophilic or ionic moiety. Processes for the preparation and use of such polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A metabolizable blood plasma substitute is described which contains a starch ester with a molecular weight (Mw) of>20000 Daltons and a molar substitution of 0.1 to 1.5 as a colloidal component. The starch ester is for example acetyl starch with a molecular weight (Mw) of 200000 to 230000 Daltons and a molar substitution of 0.3 to 0.5.

Abstract: The invention is an aqueous suspension of sucralfate (sucrose sulfate aluminum salt), which is added with a starch and/or a derivative thereof and preferably further with a cellulose derivative, polysaccharide gum, alginic acid, alginate and/or bentonite, whereby the suspension is made stable for a long time and may be redispersed if necessary. The invention can thus provide a liquid pharmaceutical preparation useful for protecting ulcer areas on mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum industrially for the first time, although solid pharmaceutical preparations have been available.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hypertonic crystalloid resuscitation fluids particularly useful in treating hemorrhagic shock. A pharmaceutical formulation prepared and selected ratios of sodium chloride and sodium acetate with a total osmolar concentration exceeding 500 mOsm can be used as a small volume resuscitation fluid which has little effect on plasma chloride levels. Arterial pressure is improved to the point of sustaining oxygen supply to tissues and organs with a significant increase in oxygen delivery and consumption.

Abstract: The invention provides an agent against HIV-1 and related viruses, the agent being or including dextrin sulphate containing at most two sulphate groups per glucose unit. The invention also provides a composition containing such an agent, and the use of the agent or composition against HIV-1 and related viruses. By restricting the degree of substitution of the dextrin sulphate to a maximum of 2, the invention makes it possible to produce a dextrin sulphate having adequate anti-HIV activity while maintaining toxicity within acceptable limits.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is described as well as the use of a starch ester for the production of such a pharmaceutical composition for peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in particular for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Starch esters which are particularly suitable are e.g. acetyl starch with a molecular weight (Mw) of 100000 to 200000 Daltons and a molar substitution of 0.3 to 0.5. Using the compositions according to the invention it is possible to carry out peritoneal dialysis without damaging the peritoneal epithelium. In addition it is not stored in the organs.

Abstract: An oxidized complex comprising a water-soluble carboxypolysaccharide and magnetic iron oxide, which is characterized by being obtained by oxidizing a complex comprising a water-soluble carboxypolysaccharide and magnetic iron oxide. Said oxidized complex has very low toxicity, is very stable, exhibits little or no blood pressure-reducing action and has low platelets-aggregating action when administered directly into the blood vessels of animals, and is useful in medical fields such as contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging, exothermic medium for hyperthermia and the like.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of starch degradation products with a narrow molecular weight distribution which is characterized in that a native starch, a starch derivative, a partially hydrolysed starch or a partially hydrolysed starch derivative in aqueous dispersion, suspension or solution is subjected to the action of ultrasound. Starch degradation products with a narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained in high yields using this process.