Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of treating a human subject to prevent leakage of serum proteins from capillary endothelial junctions during a period of increased capillary permeability. The invention also provides a method for preventing the harmful effects of free radicals on cellular membranes and other organelles. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl starch and dextran of varying molecular sizes and at least one member of the group consisting of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, hydroxyethyl rutoside, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and vitamin C. The compositions contain the macromolecules in a molecular size and concentration to effectively stabilize the capillary membrane.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising at least one GHB moiety bonded to at least one physiologically compatible carrier molecule. The compositions can enhance the uptake of the drug, deliver effective therapeutic doses in a time-delayed fashion, or can target specific organs.

Abstract: Stable, topically applicable cosmetic/dermatological sunscreen compositions, well suited for the UV-photoprotection of human skin/keratinous materials, contain a thus effective amount of at least one novel amine, amide, sulphonamide or carbamate substituted benzalmalonic salt compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inclusion complex of Rifampicin and cyclodextrin (CD) that can be used as an anti-tubercular drug. The present invention also relates to a process for synthesizing inclusion complexes of the anti-tubercular drug, Rifampicin, with ?-CD (?-cyclodextrin) and HP-?-CD (2-hydroxy propyl cyclodextrin) and characterization of these inclusion complexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition and the method for the preparation thereof, The composition comprises 1.5˜6.9% (w/v) of one or more substances selected from sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, and the like, and 3˜18% (w/v) of one or more substances selected from hydroxyethylstarch, dextran, carboxymethylstarch, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gelatin derivatives, and the like as well as the remainder of conventional injections, as long as sodium chloride is not less than 1.5% (w/v). The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used to treat and save the wounded and patients, as well as to treat shock, its advantages include safe and convenient use, rapid and good curative effect, long time maintenance, extensive uses and the like.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions comprising an extracted portion of psyllium seed in combination with one or more of a binder or edible acid. In particular, the present invention is directed to compositions comprising a polysaccharide component comprising xylose and arabinose, wherein the ratio of the xylose to the arabinose is at least about 3:1, by weight, and wherein the polysaccharide particles have a mean particle size distribution of from about 0.001 microns to about 150 microns. In a further embodiment, the compositions comprise a plurality of agglomerates comprising the polysaccharide component and a dispersing component selected from binders, suspending agents, edible acids, and mixtures thereof. In yet a further embodiment, the compositions comprise agglomerates comprising a polysaccharide component, wherein the agglomerates have a mean particle size distribution of from about 100 to about 500 microns.

Abstract: A composition comprising a cyclodextrin, a guanidine-based cationic compound, and sorbic acid is disclosed herein. Preservatives and methods related thereto, and experimental results suggesting certain advantages related to these compositions, preservatives, and methods are also presented herein.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising low doses of sensitive complexes between an estrogen and a cyclodextrin are provided with improved stability. In specific embodiments the composition comprises a complex between ethinyl estradiol and ?-cyclodextrin in a granulate preparation and in yet another embodiment the composition comprises a limited amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone since this excipient was found to degrade ethinyl estradiol. Furthermore, a method for improving the stability of an estrogen in a composition and for manufacturing such a stable composition is provided. Essentially, the granulate preparation are manufactured under careful control of the relative humidity.

Abstract: The invention relates to water soluble or water dispersible powders, tablets, or precursors therefor based on a carbohydrate matrix with improved dissolution properties in water. These components are subjected to treatment with a gas so that gas is entrapped therein, and sufficient closed porosity is provided so that gas entrapped therein promotes dissolution or dispersion upon contact with water. The powders or tablets may be pharmaceuticals or foods that optionally contain an active ingredient therein.

Abstract: A stable form of artemisinin wherein an artelinic acid or artesunic acid is complexed with cyclodextrin analogs, preferably, ?-cyclodextrin. The complexed cyclodextrin artemisinin formulation shields the peroxide portion of the artemisinin backbone from hydrolytic decomposition rendering it stable in solution. Artelinic acid and cyclodextrin are placed into contact with one another to yield a 2:1 molecular species. Artesunic acid and cyclodextrin yield a 1:1 molecular species. The complexed cyclodextrin artemisinin formulation is effective for the treatment of malaria and is stable in solution for long periods of time.

Abstract: Disclosed are a fluid absorber, a method for preparing a fluid absorber, and a method for absorbing fluid from the skin. The disclosed method for preparing a fluid absorber generally comprises the steps of selecting a starch and an enzyme for hydrolysis of the starch, determining a fluid absorption optimum hydrolysis level for the starch, and ezymatically hydrolyzing the starch to approximately the optimum level thus determined. The starch alternatively may be hydrolyzed with acid hydrolysis without the use of an enzyme catalyst. The disclosed method for absorbing fluid from the skin includes the step of applying a fluid absorbing effective amount of a fluid absorber thus prepared. Absorption properties of the fluid absorber of the invention are comparable to or exceed those of commercially available skin fluid absorbers, such as talc and unmodified corn starch.

Abstract: A water insoluble, biocompatible composition that is formed by a method which combines, in an aqueous mixture, a polyanionic polysaccharide, a nucleophile, and an activating agent, under conditions sufficient to form the composition. Also, a water insoluble, biocompatible composition that is formed by a method which combines, in an aqueous mixture, a polyanionic polysaccharide, a modifying compound, a nucleophile and an activating agent under conditions sufficient to form the composition.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for treating a patient with Type 2 diabetes to decrease hypoglycemic episodes and/or to diminish fluctuations in blood glucose outside of the normal range, comprising administering to said patient, in a therapeutically-effective amount, a food composition that includes a slowly absorbed complex carbohydrate such as uncooked cornstarch. Further disclosed is a method of suppressing appetite in a patient with Type 2 diabetes comprising administering to the subject, in an effective appetite suppressing amount, a food composition that includes a slowly absorbed complex carbohydrate such as uncooked cornstarch. In preferred embodiments, the food composition is in the form of a bar.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rapidly soluble film preparation mainly comprising a drug, an edible polymer and a saccharide, a manufacturing method of which is simple, and having high elution rate.

Abstract: Disclosed are topical compositions, including methods of applying those compositions to absorb sweat and sebum from the skin, wherein the compositions comprise (A) fluid-absorbent solids having a Water Absorption Value of at least about 0.5 grams/gram; (B) an adhesive fluid; and (C) a liquid carrier; herein the composition has an Average Wear Index Value of at least about 60%. The topical compositions provide effective delivery and deposition of the fluid-absorbent solid onto the skin from an extended wear composition.

Abstract: The process entails increasing the concentration of cyclodextrin to 15% (w/w) and above to form complexes through a precipitation process in order to increase the yield of complexes, increase the amount of guest complexed, and decrease the particle size of the complex.

Abstract: This invention relates to a starch based tablet disintegrant useful at low addition levels and providing equally effective properties in water and physiological fluids. The starches are characterized by their low solubility in cold water, high swelling power and labile birefringence in the dry state, which rapidly disappears upon addition of water. The preferred starches are inhibited then processed to remove a portion of the granular structure.

Abstract: The present invention is related to polysaccharide esters of N-derivatives of glutamic acid (N-GA derivatives). These polysaccharidic esters have antiproliferative activity and are characterized by a low systemic toxicity. The esters of the invention are used in the prevention and therapy of diseases caused by cellular hyperproliferation, particularly psoriasis, tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, or intestinal inflammatory pathologies.

Abstract: A method of making a carboxylated carbohydrate is disclosed, cellulose being a preferred carbohydrate material. Carboxylated cellulose fibers can be produced whose fiber strength and degree of polymerization is not significantly sacrificed. The method involves the use of a catalytic amount of a hindered cyclic oxammonium compounds as a primary oxidant and chlorine dioxide as a secondary oxidant in an aqueous environment. The oxammonium compounds may be formed in situ from their corresponding amine, hydroxylamine, or nitroxyl compounds. The oxidized cellulose may be stabilized against D.P. loss and color reversion by further treatment with an oxidant such as sodium chlorite or a chlorine dioxide/hydrogen peroxide mixture. Alternatively it may be treated with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. In the case of cellulose the method results in a high percentage of carboxyl groups located at the fiber surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a dry composition which allows delivery of active agents with good bioavailability. These compositions are prepared by emulsifying the active agent using liposome technology known in the art and then encapsulating with a modified starch. The modified starch is prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch after the preparation of a starch derivative containing a hydrophobic group or both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. The resultant composition is a dry powder with excellent bioavailability. Further, the composition has good load levels and stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing fenofibrate in the form of an inclusion complex with cyclodextrin, having high dissolution profile and in vivo enhanced bioavailability as compared with plain micronized fenofibrate compositions. An inclusion complex has a molar ratio of fenofibrate (preferably in micronized form) to cyclodextrin of from about 1:0.5 to about 1:4, preferably from about 1:1 to about 1:2. The immediate release fenofibrate composition is preferably in the form of a tablet or in the form of granules inside a capsule.

Abstract: A protective agent suitable to protect the human skin against lesions caused by vesicants or other percutaneous chemical agents, particularly against sulfur mustard gas injury and VX intoxication, which comprises a protective-effective amount of a hydrophilic water-based cream, alone or together with one or more additives selected from among the group consisting essentially of polyols, mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides, and salts of organic or inorganic acids. The additive polyol may be glycol, propylene glycol, polyglygcerol, glycerin, sorbitol, dulcitol, tritol, sorbitol or mannitol. The additive monosaccharide may be ribose, xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose or mannose. The additive oligosaccharide may be sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose or cellobiose.

Abstract: Dysglucaemia is treated and/or prevented by the administration of granulated starch, enzymatically degraded and releasing reducing sugars at a rate, adjusted to the metabolism of the patient, suffering from dysglucaemia. For example nocturnal hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients is prevented by administering to said patients a granulate or tablets comprising granulated cornstarch, and preferably also heat treated cornstarch and a low calorie sweetener. The inventive granulation minimises the available surface area and retards the enzymatic degradation of the cornstarch and ensures a controlled, e.g. a substantially linear release of reducing sugars, such as glucose, and a stable blood glucose level during several hours. The granulate or tablets are low in calories and contain no free sugar.

Abstract: Dysglucaemia is treated and/or prevented by the administration of granulated starch, enzymatically degraded and releasing reducing sugars at a rate, adjusted to the metabolism of the patient, suffering from dysglucaemia. For example nocturnal hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients is prevented by administering to said patients a granulate or tablets comprising granulated cornstarch, and preferably also heat treated cornstarch and a low calorie sweetener. The inventive granulation minimizes the available surface area and retards the enzymatic degradation of the cornstarch and ensures a controlled, e.g. a substantially linear release of reducing sugars, such as glucose, and a stable blood glucose level during several hours. The granulate or tablets are low in calories and contain no free sugar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peritoneal dialysis solution comprising at least one amino sugar in an effective amount sufficient to create an osmotic pressure to effect the removal of water by diffusion from the patient's blood across the peritoneal membrane into the solution. In one embodiment the at least one amino sugar is selected from the group consisting of acetylated amino sugars, preferably N-acetylglucosamine, deacetylated amino sugars and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A biologically active conjugate is disclosed comprising a biopolymer and a therapeutic agent joined by a disulfide bond. The conjugate, when formulated in a pharmaceutical composition with a suitable carrier, has improved in vivo stability and activity, and can be targeted to a variety of cells, tissues and organs.

Abstract: Dysglucaemia is treated and/or prevented by the administration of granulated starch, enzymatically degraded and releasing reducing sugars at a rate, adjusted to the metabolism of the patient, suffering from dysglucaemia. For example nocturnal hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients is prevented by administering to said patients a granulate or tablets comprising granulated cornstarch, and preferably also heat treated cornstarch and a low calorie sweetener. The inventive granulation minimises the available surface area and retards the enzymatic degradation of the cornstarch and ensures a controlled, e.g. a substantially linear release of reducing sugars, such as glucose, and a stable blood glucose level during several hours. The granulate or tablets are low in calories and contain no free sugar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peritoneal dialysis solution that contains heat stable osmotic agents such as D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides produced the reduction, oxidation or glycosylation of icodextrins respectively. As a result, osmotic agents that are stable under autoclaving or heat sterilization conditions are provided which reduces the amount of bioincompatible materials in the sterilized peritoneal dialysis solutions. Methods of preparing the D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel pharmaceutical forms for antibiotics containing amino sugar, amphotericin B, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, in which the known side effects are reduced and which can be used in a simple manner. The antimycotic agent B is nephrotoxic. The cytostatic agents daunorubicin and doxorubicin are highly cardiotoxic. The novel pharmaceutical forms are antibiotic-starch conjugates, wherein the antibiotic is combined with the polysaccharide at the reducing end thereof by means of a peptide bond. According to the invention, said bond is carried out by means of J2 oxidation of the starch derivative at the reducing end thereof in an aqueous alkaline solution, and by coupling the starch derivative oxidised thereby to the antibiotic in an organic solution. The conjugates obtained are less toxic. The polysaccharide part can be decomposed by serum-&agr;-amylase and the peptide bond can be accessed by an enzymatic attack.

Abstract: A hydrogel composition and methods of preparing and using the same are disclosed. The hydrogel composition comprises an oxidized polysaccharide, and a cross-linker having at least two functional cross-linking groups. The cross-linker reversibly cross-links the polysaccharide and is provided in an amount to provide dangling cross-linkers. The method of preparing a hydrogel comprises the steps of providing an oxidized polysaccharide, and providing a cross-linker having at least two functional cross-linking groups. The cross-linker is mixed with the polysaccharide at a concentration of the cross-linker sufficient to form a hydrogel wherein the cross-linker reversibly cross-links the polysaccharide and has dangling cross-linkers. The hydrogels are useful, for example, for tissue engineering, cell transplantation and drug delivery applications.

Abstract: The present invention describes a class of new regioselectively reticulated polysaccharides. A process to obtain these polysaccharides, starting from naturally occurring, possibly substituted polysaccharides, is also described. The products can be used in the medical filed and in other industrial sectors.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysaccharides, polysaccharide conjugates and complexes with altered biological properties, and methods to produce these polysaccharides, polysaccharide conjugates and complexes.

Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peritoneal dialysis solution that contains heat stable osmotic agents such as D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides produced the reduction, oxidation or glycosylation of icodextrins respectively. As a result, osmotic agents that are stable under autoclaving or heat sterilization conditions are provided which reduces the amount of bioincompatible materials in the sterilized peritoneal dialysis solutions. Methods of preparing the D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides are disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrophilic pliable wound dressing consisting of bio-polymers creates a new approach to wound dressing by providing a self-assembling hydrophilic gel type moisture permeable barrier applicable to a wide range of wound sizes and depths. Biodegradability and water solubility enable rapid and safe disposal, obviating a significant problem that occurs with conventional type dressings. The initial sheet form of the dressing provides an ideal carrier for delivery of nutrients, debriders, antibiotics, analgesics and physiological regulators.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing zinc-oligopeptides easily absorbable by the human body. A suspension of protein in deionized water at a neutral pH range in the presence of a protease is subjected to proteolysis to give a mixture of oligopeptides. Zinc ions are chelated with the oligopeptides to give a zinc-oligopeptide solution. The zinc-oligopeptide solution is concentrated and dried to a powder. Also provided is a beverage or food composition containing the zinc-oligopeptide, which can make contribution to avoid the lack of dietary zinc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to hemostatic wound dressings containing a fabric made from biocompatible, aldehyde-modified polysaccharide fibers; and a porous, polymeric matrix made from a biocompatible, water-soluble or water-swellable polymer, dispersed at least partially through the fabric, to methods of making such wound dressings and to methods of providing hemostasis to a wound.

Abstract: The invention provides novel water-free medical skin care formulations comprising micronized urea dispersed in a fatty phase. The fatty phase consists essentially of hydrocarbons and is essentially free from ingredients with known allergenic potential such as perfumes or perfume substitutes (fragrances), preservatives, colorings, plant extracts, PEGs, cetylstearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohols, lower alcohols, and proteins, thus being particularly suitable for patients with highly sensitive skin. The formulations of the invention have favorable sensorial properties and are stable for an extended period of time. The formulations are suitable for medical skin care, such as for the treatment of severely affected dry, sensitive skin and for the therapy or therapy support of ichthyosis, psoriasis, and eczema. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing such water-free skin care formulations.

Abstract: Artificial plasma-like solutions and methods for their use are provided. The subject solutions include: electrolytes and an oncotic agent. The subject solutions find use in a variety of applications, particularly in those applications where at least a portion of a host's blood volume is replaced with a blood substitute.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for the chronic administration of adenosine, which contrary to the acute delivery of the drug by injection or infusion, acts in desensitizing adenosine receptors towards the action of adenosine. The methods and oral compositions of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is degraded to adenosine in vivo, can be used in the treatment of disorders and diseases that are therapeutically targeted by agonists or antagonists of adenosine receptors. One example is the stimulation of lipolysis in achieving weight loss in humans and in the treatment of obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating patients with type 2 diabetes using a food composition able to control the release of glucose into the patient's blood. This is achieved by the introduction into the food composition of an additive, such as propylene glycol alginate, which reduces the cooking losses and enhances the starch cell wall membrane to thereby slow the enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch by insulin. The result is a steady state release of glucose and a net reduction in the release of blood glucose (glycemic index) relative to release of glucose observed in a diabetes patient having consumed a food composition without propylene glycol alginate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of pregelatinized starch to prevent dose-dumping from a hydrophilic controlled release formulation. It also concerns a hydrophilic controlled release formulation, more in particular a hydrophilic controlled release matrix formulation, and solid dosage forms prepared therefrom, preferably for once daily oral administration. The hydrophilic controlled release formulation comprises pregelatinized starch, one or more active ingredients, one or more viscous hydrophilic polymers and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable formulating agents. Preferred hydrophilic polymers include hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.

Abstract: A method is provided for regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in an individual which method comprises replacing a proportion of the individual's daily carbohydrate intake with resistant starch and a proportion of the individual's saturated fat intake with unsaturated fat. Also provided are compositions comprising resistant starch and unsaturated fats and methods for making and using the same.

Abstract: A novel facial peel composition is disclosed for treatment of acne, acne scarring and large skin pores. The facial peel composition is non-surgical, non-laser and contains no acids that can burn or disfigure skin. Its ingredients are all natural and avoids the use of hard non-dissolving abrasives such as aluminum oxide, polymers, plastic or silica. The ingredients include sodium bicarbonate crystals, cornstarch, aloe and water. The sodium bicarbonate crystals are an antibacterial agent that remove acne causing, bacteria laden skin oil. The cornstarch aids in drawing bacteria away from the skin and into suspension for rinsing. The aloe reduces soreness and inflammation to the skin and is a known natural healing agent. A method of preparation of the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Dried hemoactive materials comprise both a cross-linked biologically compatible polymer and a non-cross-linked biologically compatible polymer. The cross-linked polymer is selected to form a hydrogel when exposed to blood. The non-cross-linked polymer is chosen to solubilize relatively rapidly when exposed to blood. The non-cross-linked polymer serves as a binder for holding the materials in desired geometries, such as sheets, pellets, plugs, or the like. Usually, the cross-linked polymer will be present in a particulate or fragmented form. The materials are particularly suitable for hemostasis and drug delivery.

Abstract: Cosmetic or dermatological preparations, which are finely dispersed systems of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type, comprising 1. an oil phase, 2. an aqueous phase, 3. at least one modified polysaccharide which (a) has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. has amphiphilic character, and is thus dispersible both in water and in oil, and which (b) has no thickening properties, and 4. at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers. and also optionally comprising further cosmetic or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, additives and/or active substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical presentations for animals which are administered orally and which are accepted readily by the animals (for example dogs, cats and horses), to processes for their preparation and to their use, in particular as endoparasiticides.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome “PMS” comprising an effective amount of an aqueous mixture of water and a rapidly digestible carbohydrate blend. The aqueous mixture is essentially free of protein and is characterized by a certain pH and ratio of water to carbohydrate blend. Methods of use of the composition for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with PMS are also disclosed.