Abstract: It is intended to find novel pharmaceutical use of sphingomyelin and to provide preventive or therapeutic agents for various diseases as well as a food and drink product and feed comprising any of these agents. The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent which contains sphingomyelin as an active ingredient and is any of the following agents: 1) a sialomucin secretion promoter, 2) an agent for preventing drunken sickness (hangover), 3) an antiallergic agent, 4) an antioxidant, 5) an agent for defending against infection, 6) a hair growth agent, 7) a therapeutic agent for demyelinating disease, 8) an anti-pigmentation agent, 9) an anti-inflammatory agent, and 10) an agent for improving learning ability. The present invention also provides a food and drink product or feed, characterized by comprising the agent. It is preferred that the sphingomyelin should be derived from milk.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or reducing alcoholism, in particular methods for increasing patient compliance with therapies that require the intake of an ALDH inhibitor comprising the step of administering a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of treating or preventing addiction and relapse use of addictive agents, and treating or preventing addictive or compulsive behavior and relapse practice of an addictive behavior or compulsion, by administering a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) agonist, alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, such as, for example, an opioid receptor antagonist or an antidepressant. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions for treating or preventing addiction or relapse that include a PPAR? agonist and one or more other therapeutic agents, as well as unit dosage forms of such pharmaceutical compositions, which contain a dosage effective in treating or preventing addiction or relapse.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of galanthamine, as free base or as acid addition salt, for the treatment of cerebral, central nervous or psychiatric symptoms, defunctionalization manifestations or disorders occurring through intake of psychotropic substances as a consequence of occasional or chronic abuse of addictive substances, intoxicants or medicines, or as side effects of the use, especially repeated or prolonged, as intended of medicaments, or as an effect of use, in particular repeated or prolonged, not as intended of medicaments, or as a result of acute poisoning by psychotropic toxic substances, or as a result of chronic exposure to toxic substances with a psychotropic effect in humans or other vertebrates.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or reducing alcoholism, in particular methods for increasing patient compliance with therapies that require the intake of an ALDH inhibitor comprising the step of administering a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor.

Abstract: An analgesic composition in parenteral unit dosage form or in a unit dosage form suitable for delivery via the mucosa comprising an amount of buprenorphine which is less than the clinical dose required to achieve pain relief and an amount of naloxone such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naloxone is in the range of from 12.5:1 to 27.5:1, or an amount of naltrexone or nalmefene such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naltrexone or nalmefene is in the range of from 12.5:1 to 22.5:1. The analgesic action of the buprenorphine is potentiated by the low dose of naloxone, naltrexone or nalmefene.

Abstract: Benzodiazepine withdrawal induced anxiety is treated by administration of an enkephalinase inhibitor, and a gamma-aminobutyric acid (“GABA”) precursor, or an endorphin or enkephalin releaser. These components promote restoration of normal neurotransmitter function and are non-addictive. Use of the enkephalinase inhibitor D-phenylalanine, the GABA precursor glutamine, the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, glycine, and taurine, in combination with coenzymatic functionality of folic acid is preferred for activation of ligand-gated Cl? channel in the central nervous system. Food supplement embodiments provide the human body nutritional supplements to intake certain neurotransmitter precursor substrates, thereby enabling patients of all ages to self-regulate their ability to quell perturbations to equilibrium and simultaneously to adverse effects upon normal physiological and psychological functioning attributable to induced anxiety and panic associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal.

Abstract: A soya extract having a content of glucoside isoflavones of at least 13% by weight and a content of 0.6 to 1.5 parts by weight of group 3 soya saponins per 1 part by weight of glucoside isoflavones. Also, pharmaceutical compositions containing this extract and methods of administering the extract to treat conditions such as pre- or post-menopausal symptoms, cancer, such as breast or prostate cancer, or alcoholism. The extracts are made by a process which includes the steps of treating ripe whole soya beans or oil-free soya flour with an aliphatic alcohol to obtain a first extract; concentrating the first extract to form a concentrated first extract; purifying the concentrated first extract by treatment with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon; and extracting active components from the purified concentrated first extract with a water-immiscible aliphatic alcohol to obtain a second extract. Preferably, the final extract is concentrated dried to form the desired soya extract.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing a disorder or a condition by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake in a subject in need thereof, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity, comprising the step of administering to said subject a mixture of enantiomers of milnacipran enriched in the (1S,2R) enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of a mixture of enantiomers enriched in the dextrogyral enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, for the preparation of a drug intended to prevent or to treat disorders that can be managed by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity.

Abstract: An analgesic composition in parenteral unit dosage form or in a unit dosage form suitable for delivery via the mucosa comprising an amount of buprenorphine which is less than the clinical dose required to achieve pain relief and an amount of naloxone such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naloxone is in the range of from 12.5:1 to 27.5:1, or an amount of naltrexone or nalmefene such that the ratio by weight of buprenorphine to naltrexone or nalmefene is in the range of from 12.5:1 to 22.5:1. The analgesic action of the buprenorphine is potentiated by the low dose of naloxone, naltrexone or nalmefene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating substance addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from substance addiction. The method includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treatment of cocaine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, or ethanol addiction by treating a mammal with an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Desoxypeganine and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be used in the treatment of alcoholism. Said substances are administered preferably in a continuos and controlled manner. The pharmaceutical administration form enables controlled release, e.g. for oral, transdermal or another route of parenteral administration.

Abstract: A protocol for prevention of Alzheimer's disease onset is described. The protocol involves stimulating the implicit memory, followed by continuing such stimulation in conjunction with psychological treatments followed by continuing said stimulation of the implicit memory and, in addition, stimulating the explicit memory. Use of this protocol results in a permanent replacement of undesirable behaviors with desirable ones.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of certain pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrazine derivatives, also described as bis-azabicyclic compounds and defined by the formula (I) herein, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and microadenomas in mammals, and to related compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from addiction to a combination of abused drugs. The method includes administering to the mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA (GVG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or an enantiomer or a racemic mixture thereof, wherein the effective amount is sufficient to diminish, inhibit or eliminate behavior associated with craving or use of the combination of abused drugs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly efficient method for treating substance addiction and for changing addiction-related behavior of a mammal suffering from substance addiction. The method includes administering to a mammal an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides a method of treatment of cocaine, morphine, heroin, nicotine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, or ethanol addiction by treating a mammal with an effective amount of gamma vinylGABA or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention includes administering to the mammal an effective amount of a composition which increases central nervous system GABA levels wherein the effective amount is sufficient to diminish, inhibit or eliminate behavior associated with craving or use of drugs of abuse.

Abstract: A triple drug, pharmaceutical kit, composition, and method of treatment containing a combination of effective amounts of at least one anxiolytic agent, at least one centrally acting alpha antiadrenergic agent, and at least one central nervous system stimulant for the reduction or prevention of alcohol and narcotic withdrawal side effects of dizziness, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, orthostatic hypotension, weakness in the extremities, and difficulty in being mobile, caused by therapeutic agents utilized for the treatment of alcohol or narcotic withdrawal symptoms in patients overcoming alcohol or narcotic addiction.

Abstract: An injectable slow-release partial opioid agonist or opioid antagonist formulation is provided comprising a partial opioid agonist or opioid antagonist in a poly(D,L-lactide) excipient with a small amount of residual ethyl acetate. Upon intramuscular injection of the composition, a partial opioid agonist or opioid antagonist is released in a controlled manner over an extended period of time. The composition finds use in the treatment of heroin addicts and alcoholics to reduce consumption of the abused substances. Of particular interest are the drugs buprenorphine, methadone and naltrexone.

Abstract: A method for preventing or treating drug dependence comprising administering to a human in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a 1,4-(diphenylalkyl)piperazine compound represented by the following formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is lower alkoxy; R2 is lower alkoxy; A is lower alkylene and B is lower alkylene;

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing olanzapine-N-oxide for the treatment of psychosis in humans. Olanzapine-N-oxide exhibits a lessened liability toward drug-drug interactions than olanzapine and a more predictable dosing regimen than olanzapine. Olanzapine-N-oxide is also useful for the treatment of acute mania, mild anxiety states, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic disorder, excessive aggression, substance abuse, depressive signs and symptoms, tic disorder, functional bowel disorder and fungal dermatitis.

Abstract: A protocol for permanent modification of behavior and elimination of undesired habits is described. The protocol involves stimulating the implicit memory, followed by continuing such stimulation in conjunction with psychological treatments followed by continuing said stimulation of the implicit memory and, in addition, stimulating the explicit memory. Use of this protocol results in a permanent replacement of undesirable behaviors with desirable ones.

Abstract: An injectable slow-release naltrexone formulation is provided comprising naltrexone in a poly(D,L-lactide) matrix with a small amount of residual ethyl acetate. Upon intramuscular injection of the composition, naltrexone is released in a controlled manner over an extended period of time. The composition finds use in the treatment of heroin addicts and alcoholics to reduce consumption of the abused substances.

Abstract: A method of treating an individual with an immune system with decreased activity by administering an effective amount of a lipid preparation derived from a natural source and enriched to contain at least 10% (w/w) phosphatidic acid (PA) is disclosed.

Abstract: A single entity product is provided for administration to persons being treated for nutritional deficiencies associated with addiction to alcohol, wherein the product is an extended-release multivitamin with minerals and trace elements in beneficial dose ranges and specifically contains thiamine and folic acid in the desired amounts of about 100 mg and 1 mg, respectively. The product may also contain riboflavin in an amount between about 1 mg and about 3 mg, pyridoxine in an amount between about 1 mg and about 3 mg, cyanocobalamin in an amount between about 6 mg and about 12 mg, biotin in an amount between about 10 mcg and about 50 mcg, niacin in an amount between about 10 mg and about 50 mg, vitamin D in an amount between about 200 IU and about 500 IU, vitamin E in an amount between about 10 IU and about 50 IU, selenium in an amount between about 5 mcg and about 50 mcg, and/or magnesium in an amount between about 100 mg and about 400 mg.

Abstract: The invention is a method of treatment for the relief of an addictive, compulsive disorder which comprises the administration to a human or animal suffering from such a disorder an effective amount of the compound of the formula: wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl (C1-C6); R1 is hydrogen, mono or disubstituted halogen, alkoxy (C1-C3), CF3, alkyl (C1-C6); and R2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses methods of treating patients for tobacco addiction and nicotine addiction, for palliating the effects of nicotine withdrawal, for providing or facilitating the effects of smoking cessation therapies and as long-term smoking cessation maintenance therapy. The invention also includes related pharmaceutical compositions comprising nicotine receptor antagonists and either an anti-depressant or an anti-anxiety drug. Specific combinations of drugs (mecamylamine HCl and bupropion HCl) as well as mecamylamine in combination with certain drug classes (e.g., anti-anxiety drugs and anti-depressants) comprise the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed. These compositions are also contemplated for use in the treatment of cocaine addiction and the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treating substance abuse comprising administering an effective amount of olanzapine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed utilizing olanzapine-N-oxide for the treatment of psychosis in humans. Olanzapine-N-oxide exhibits a lessened liability toward drug-drug interactions than olanzapine and a more predictable dosing regimen than olanzapine. Olanzapine-N-oxide is also useful for the treatment of acute mania, mild anxiety states, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autistic disorder, excessive aggression, substance abuse, depressive signs and symptoms, tic disorder, functional bowel disorder and fungal dermatitis.

Abstract: An oral controlled release dosage form for cyanamide whereby a portion of a cyanamide dose administered to a patient remains transiently partitioned within encapsulating material, thereby retarding metabolism of the total administered cyanamide dose, is described. No investigator has reported the use of dosage forms enabling controlled release of cyanamide. The preparation, when administered to ethanol metabolizing individuals, can elevate blood acetaldehyde to such levels, and for such periods of time, that the individuals will be deterred from future alcohol consumption. The controlled release of cyanamide provides an optimal time-profile of alcohol deterrence specific for individual patients.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a therapeutic regimen in an animal, the method involving a) providing to the animal a therapeutic compound and a detectable compound that passes into the bloodstream, excretory system, or other tissue or body fluid in detectable form; b) after a period of time, following step (a), sufficient for passage of a detectable amount of the detectable compound into the body fluid or tissue, collecting a sample of the fluid or tissue from the animal; and c) measuring or detecting the detectable compound, or a detectable metabolite thereof, in the sample, wherein the detectable compound involves one member of a specific binding pair, and detection is carried out using the second member of the specific binding pair.

Abstract: The invention is to a method for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms selected from the group consisting of nausea, sweating, shaking, substance craving and hot flushes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for treating acute hepatic failure comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of human growth hormone (hGH) to a patient suffering from the acute hepatic failure as well as a novel therapeutic agent for acute hepatic failure comprising the human growth hormone as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed are dopamine agonist and opioidergic compositions and methods for their use in the treatment of alcoholism. The invention discloses compounds and therapeutic kits useful in the treatment of alcoholics having the A1 allele of the dopamine receptor D2 gene. Also disclosed are methods of treating alcoholics having the A1/A1 or A1/A2 DRD2 genotype comprising administration of dopamine agonists such as aporphines, ergolines, related compounds, and their analogs, in combination with opioidergic compounds such as naloxone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating alcoholism and alcohol dependence in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a synergistic combination of: (i) at least one opioid antagonist, and (ii) at least one selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The invention also relates to compositions and kits containing the same.

Abstract: The use of pyrrolidine derivatives of general formula (I) for treating chronic alcoholism or conditions caused by alcohol abuse is described.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds that affect certain excitatory amino acid receptors, and are useful in the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of substance use disorders using an orally active, long acting, CNS-penetrant NK-1 receptor antagonist and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such a NK-1 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of forskolin and of the extracts containing it for the treatment of alcohol addiction.

Abstract: Alcoholic addiction is treated by administering pyridine nucleotide phosphate derivatives having the formula represented by Formula 1: ##STR1## where y can be a second NAD group or an adenosine group and x can be 1, 2, or 3.

Abstract: Methods and compounds for inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase are disclosed. The compounds are useful as pharmaceutical compositions in methods for therapeutically treating alcohol consumption in a human.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating anxiety and related disorders using an agonist which acts at negatively coupled cAMP-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Abstract: An opiate analgesic drug formulation which induces minimal respiratory dession is provided which contains a homogeneous mixture of an opiate agonist drug component and an opiate antagonist drug component in an aqueous medium, the opiate agonist component and the opiate antagonist component being present in the mixture in a molar ratio, wherein when the drug formulation is administered to a patient in an amount sufficient for the opiate agonist drug component to induce analgesia in the patient, substantially no respiratory depression is induced in the patient.

Abstract: A method for treating treating drug and alcohol addiction comprising administering to a human suffering from such addiction an effective amount of an acetylcholine esterase reactivator.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating a condition resulting from the cessation or withdrawal of tobacco or nicotine, opioids, ethanol or combinations thereof comprising administering an effective amount of 4-chloro-5-(imidazoline-2-y(amino)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidine.

Abstract: 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine and its pharmaceutically and veterinarily acceptable salts have activity in (a) preventing or reducing dependence on, and (b) preventing or reducing tolerance or reverse tolerance to, a dependence inducing agent such as an opioid, a central nervous system depressant, a psychostimulant or nicotine.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition having an antialcoholic and nootropic effect which is administered sublingually. The active ingredients of the composition are the amino acid L-threonine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and vitamin B.sub.6. A method for reducing and eliminating the pathological attraction to alcohol and treatment of alcohol abstinence syndrome, as well as a method for increasing attention comprises sublingual administration of an effective amount of the composition.

Abstract: Isoflavonoids containing a carbon-carbon linked .beta.-D-glucose moiety at the C-8 position and isolated from the Chinese herbal plant Pueraria lobata are useful for treating alcohol dependence.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of selectively enhancing the analgesic potency of morphine and other clinically used bimodally-acting opioid agonists and simultaneously attenuating development of physical dependence, tolerance and other undesirable side effects caused by the chronic administration of said bimodally-acting opioid agonists comprising the co-administration of a bimodally-acting opioid agonist which activates both inhibitory and excitatory opioid receptor-mediated functions of neurons in the nociceptive (pain) pathways of the nervous system and an opioid receptor antagonist which selectively inactivates excitatory opioid receptor-mediated side effects. This invention also relates to a method of using excitatory opioid receptor antagonists alone to block the undesirable excitatory side effects of endogenous bimodally-acting opioid agonists which may be markedly elevated during chronic pain.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of a mixture of enantiomers enriched in the dextrogyral enantiomer of milnacipran and/or of at least one of its metabolites, as well as their pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, for the preparation of a drug intended to prevent or to treat disorders that can be managed by double inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, while limiting the risks of cardiovascular disturbances and/or organ and/or tissue toxicity.