Abstract: The present invention features methods and articles of manufacture for treating nicotine withdrawal symptoms and promoting smoking cessation. The methods and articles feature the administration of an effective amount of a nicotine substitute and monitor the presence of nicotine in the biological sample of such subject with a nicotine detection system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for selectively enhancing the analgesic potency of a bimodally-acting opioid agonist such as morphine and simultaneously attenuating anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence and/or tolerance effects associated with the administration of the bimodally-acting opioid agonist. The method of the present invention comprises administering to a subject an analgesic or sub-analgesic amount of a bimodally-acting opioid agonist such as morphine and an amount of an excitatory opioid receptor antagonist such as naltrexone or nalmefene effective to enhance the analgesic potency of the bimodally-acting opioid agonist and attenuate the anti-analgesia, hyperalgesia, hyperexcitability, physical dependence and/or tolerance effects of the bimodally-acting opioid agonist.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating a condition resulting from the cessation or withdrawal of tobacco or nicotine, opioids, ethanol or combinations thereof comprising administering an effective amount of 4-chloro-5-(imidazoline-2-y(amino)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidine.

Abstract: Therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one carbonyl trapping agent alone or in combination with a therapeutically effective of a co-agent or medicament are disclosed. The compositions are used to treat a mammal suffering from a neurological disease characterized by covalent bond crosslinking between the nerve cells, other cellular structures and their intracellular and extracellular components, with disease induced carbonyl-containing aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons present in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating substance dependence disorders using an agonist which acts at negatively coupled cAMP-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase activity using daidzin and/or daidzin analog and/or daidzin or daidzin analog in combination with a factor or factors which increase the bioavailability of the daidzin or daidzin analog, as ALDH-I inhibitory compounds or compositions. Such inhibitory compounds or compositions are useful as pharmaceutical compositions in methods for the treatment of alcohol dependence (i.e., alcoholism) or alcohol abuse, for alcohol sensitization, for extinguishing an alcohol-drinking response, for suppressing an urge for alcohol, for inducing alcohol intolerance, for preventing alcoholism in an individual with or without a susceptibility or predisposition to alcoholism or alcohol abuse, and for limiting alcohol consumption in an individual whether or not genetically predisposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the relief or prevention of withdrawal syndrome resulting from addiction to non-opiate type drugs of abuse and/or the suppression of dependence on non-opiate type drugs of abuse by administering to a person in need thereof, an effective amount of certain diphenylbutyl-piperazine-carboxamides including 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-N-ethyl-1-piperazine-carboxamide which is known as amperozide.

Abstract: Racemic or optically active pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is N or CH and Y represents one of certain pyrazolo, triazolo, tetrazolo or cyclic imido radicals are useful in the treatment of abuse of and/or addiction to such substances as narcotics, alcohol and nicotine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compositions containing the serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), preferably (1S-cis)-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenam ine, and an agonist or antagonist of the serotonin 1 (5-HT.sub.

Abstract: Controlled release pharmaceutical compositions administrable by oral route, containing as the active principle at least one salt of the gamma hydroxy butyric acid with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, for the treatment of alcoholism, opium like substances addiction, heroin addiction, food and nicotine addiction, depressive and anxious states, composed by:a) a nucleus in the form of granules and tablets comprising an active principle dispersed in a particular cellulosic matrix; and optionally by:b) a filming protection of the nucleus.

Abstract: A method of treating a chemical dependency disorder, an abuse syndrome or a combination thereof in a mammal in need thereof, which entails administering, to a mammal in need thereof, an amount of a .beta.-carboline alkaloid, hydrolyzable derivative thereof or pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof effective to treat said chemical dependency disorder, abuse syndrome or a combination thereof in the mammal.

Abstract: A method for relief or prevention of a withdrawal syndrome resulting from addiction to a drug or substance of abuse and/or for the suppression of dependence on drugs or substances of abuse which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a bisphenylalkylpiperazinde derivative, wherein said withdrawal syndrome comprises at least one of the symptoms selected from the group consisting of sleep disturbance, mood disturbance, and craving for the drug or substance of abuse.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition having antialcoholic activity, stimulating energy metabolism and acid-forming and secretory functions of stomach mucosa, having radioprotective and anticholera activities contains a mixture of succinic acid and citric acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient.A method for preventing and treating alcohol intoxication and alcohol abstinence syndrome, stimulating energy metabolism stimulating and diagnosing acid-forming and secretory functions of stomach mucosa, protecting against radiation damage and preventing cholera which comprises oral administration of an effective amount of the present composition.

Abstract: The present invention is broadly directed to treatment of an addictive disease or disorder. In particular, the invention relates to inhibiting or reversing the biochemical and neurophysiological changes that correlate with behavioral changes of addictive diseases or disorders. The method of the invention comprises administering to a subject suspected of suffering from an addictive disease or disorder an amount of brain-derived factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), or both, effective to reverse behavioral changes that are associated with the addictive disease or disorder. In a specific Example, administration of BDNF or NT-4 inhibits or reverses increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and glial ibrillary acidic protein in the ventral tegmental area of the brain, and inhibits or reverses increased levels of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the nucleus accumbens.

Abstract: A drug delivery system useful in aiding individuals in the cessation of smoking or chewing nicotine containing products is described. The delivery system includes a physical constraint modulation system (PCMS.TM.) containing lobeline. The drug delivery system is capable of delivering lobeline to an individual in a controlled, sustained release manner and providing long-term therapeutic levels of lobeline to the individual. The delivery of lobeline in such a manner reduces or eliminates the individual's smoking or chewing habit. The PCMS may be a biodegradable polymer containing the lobeline capable of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or implantation into the individual or may be part of a transdermal patch containing lobeline. Also described are methods of using the drug delivery systems and kits containing the drug delivery systems.

Abstract: Muramyl peptide compounds are useful in the treatment of toxicity, particularly when this condition results from alcohol, hypnotics or sedatives, anaesthetics, opioids or drug abuse generally. The muramyl peptide compound may be of either of general formulae I and II: ##STR1## Preferred compounds include prototype MDP, muroctasin, MTP-PE, murabutide, t-MDP, N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (GMDP) and N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid (GMDP-A).

Abstract: Galanthamine and the pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salts thereof can be used for the treatment of alcoholism; these compounds are released from adequate pharmaceutic formulations which are administered, e.g., orally, transdermally, or otherwise parenterally, in a continuous and controlled manner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of selectively enhancing the analgesic potency of morphine and other clinically used bimodally-acting opioid agonists and simultaneously attenuating development of physical dependence, tolerance and other undesirable side effects caused by the chronic administration of said bimodally-acting opioid agonists comprising the co-administration of a bimodally-acting opioid agonist which activates both inhibitory and excitatory opioid receptor-mediated functions of neurons in the nociceptive (pain) pathways of the nervous system and an opioid receptor antagonist which selectively inactivates excitatory opioid receptor-mediated side effects. This invention also relates to a method of using excitatory opioid receptor antagonists alone to block the undesirable excitatory side effects of endogenous bimodally-acting opioid agonists which may be markedly elevated during chronic pain.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new class of piperidinyl medicinal agents which are useful for treating drug abuse.

Abstract: A drug delivery system useful in treating an individual for a drug dependence is described. One embodiment of the system is useful for aiding individuals in the cessation of smoking or chewing nicotine containing products is described. The delivery system includes a physical constraint modulation system (PCMS.TM.) containing lobeline. The drug delivery system is capable of delivering lobeline to an individual in a controlled, sustained release manner and providing long-term therapeutic levels of lobeline to the individual. The delivery of lobeline in such a manner reduces or eliminates the individual's smoking or chewing habit. The PCMS may be a biodegradable polymer containing the lobeline capable of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or implantation into the individual or may be part of a transdermal patch containing lobeline. Also described are methods of using the drug delivery systems in treating other drug dependencies and kits containing the drug delivery systems.

Abstract: The galenic composition of this invention has been found to possess valuable pharmacological properties in the prevention and treatment of the aftereffects related to ingesting excessive amount of ethanol. The inventive composition decreases blood alcohol concentration by stimulating the alcohol metabolism and reduces the increased content of neutral fat in the blood due to alcohol intake. The composition comprises puerariae radix, phaseoli radiati semen, small red bean, crataegi fructus, malt, cnidii rhizoma, atractylodes rhizoma, cassiae semen, amomi semen, menthae folium and fructose. In the galenic composition of the present invention puerariae radix, phaseoli radiati semen, small red bean, crataegi fructus, malt, cnidii rhizoma, atractylodes rhizoma, cassiae semen, amomi semen, menthae folium and fructose is present preferably in the weight ratio of 20-50:20-50:20-50: 10-25:10-25:10-25:10-25:10-25:3-7:1-5:200-300, respectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of the succinic acid molecule to stimulate the Citric Acid Cycle in humans and animals and thus relieve those metabolic disorders caused by a deficiency in the Citric Acid Cycle in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the relief or prevention of withdrawal syndrome resulting from addiction to alcohol and/or the suppression of dependence on alcohol by administering to a person in need thereof, an effective amount certain diphenylbutyl-piperazine-carboxamides including 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-N-ethyl-1-piperazine-carboxamide which is also known as amperozide.

Abstract: .gamma.-Hydroxybutyric acid and its physiologically equivalent forms are useful in the treatment of the syndromes of abstinence, craving and dependence on drugs, drugs of abuse, psychotropics, stupefacient and/or psychoactive substances, nicotine, or nutritional disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of treating alcohol dependence in which an ethanol solution is intravenously administered. The ethanol concentration is preferably about 5 to 25% by volume, and more preferably about 10 to 20% by volume. The solution is administered over several days in progressively decreasing quantities. For those treated for the first time, it is preferred that the treatment program extend over ten days. Patients previously treated who re-lapse into drinking can usually be effectively re-treated with a program lasting for a shorter period, such as for six days.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating the symptoms of overindulgence comprising an analgesic effective amount of acetaminophen or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a gastric acid inhibiting effective amount of an H.sub.1 or H.sub.2 blocker, proton pump inhibitor or a combination thereof and methods of treating the symptoms of overindulgence comprising administering such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A drug delivery system useful in aiding individuals in the cessation of smoking or chewing nicotine containing products is described. The delivery system includes a physical constraint modulation system (PCMS.TM.) containing lobeline. The drug delivery system is capable of delivering lobeline to an individual in a controlled, sustained release manner and providing long-term therapeutic levels of lobeline to the individual. The delivery of lobeline in such a manner reduces or eliminates the individual's smoking or chewing habit. The PCMS may be a biodegradable polymer containing the lobeline capable of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection or implantation into the individual or may be part of a transdermal patch containing lobeline. Also described are methods of using the drug delivery systems and kits containing the drug delivery systems.

Abstract: Method of treating addiction to alcohol and symptoms related to withdrawal of said alcohol comprising the administration of certain 4-[bis(halophenyl)methylene]-1-piperidinyl derivatives.

Abstract: Compositions containing L-aspartate or L-asparagine for use as additives to foods, soft drinks, vitamins, and the like are described. A method for preventing ethanol toxicity in a human subject is also provided.

Abstract: A method for decreasing appetite for alcohol in humans which comprises the steps of providing an effective dosage of an alpha-2-adrenergic antagonist to the subject.

Abstract: The galenic composition of this invention has been found to possess valuable pharmacological properties in the prevention of the aftereffects related to ingesting excessive amounts of ethanol. The inventive composition decreases blood alcohol concentration and reduces the increased content of neutral fat in the blood due to alcohol intake. The composition comprises an amount of fructose and an aqueous extract of pueraria flower, phaseoli radiati semen and pinelliae tuber sufficient to increase, in vivo, metabolic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or excipient therefor. A method of treating the aftereffects of ingesting excessive amounts of ethanol is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a 5HT-3 antagonist in the manufacture of a medicament suitable for the prevention or reduction of dependence on a dependence-inducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides (S)-norfluoxetine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof capable of inhibiting the uptake of serotonin.

Abstract: The present invention provides (R)-norfluoxetine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof capable of selectively occupying 5HT.sub.1c receptors.

Abstract: A liver function improver, food, or drink comprising, as an effective ingredient, a dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivative, such as sesamin, sesaminol espisesamin, episesaminol, sesamolin, 2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicycl o[3.3.0]octane, 2,6-bis-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane or 2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,7-dioxabicyc lo[3.3.0]octane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating the symptoms of overidulgence comprising an analgesic effective amount of acetaminophen or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a gastric acid inhibiting effective amount of an H.sub.1 or H.sub.2 blocker, proton pump inhibitor or a combination thereof and methods of treating the symptoms of overindulgence comprising administering such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: This invention provides 6-substituted-4-(amino or substituted amino)tetrahydrobenz[c,d]indole serotonin agonists useful in treating a variety of conditions associated with serotonin function.

Abstract: A novel composition and method are disclosed for reducing acetaldehyde toxicity, especially for preventing and relieving hangover symptoms in humans. The composition comprises (a) a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an acyl group; R' is thiol or sulfonic group; and n is an integer of 1 or 2, (b) ascorbic acid or a salt thereof and (c) a disulfide type thiamine derivative or a salt thereof. The composition is orally administered, preferably in the form of tablets.

Abstract: Cocaine addiction is treated by administration of an endorphinase or enkephalinase inhibitor, and optionally, a dopamine precursor, or a serotonin precursor, a GABA precursor, or an endorphin or enkephalin releaser. These components promote restoration of normal neurotransmitter function and are non-addictive. Use of the dopamine precursors L-phenylalanine or L-tyrosine, the enkephalinase inhibitor D-phenylalanine and/or the serotonin precursor L-tryptophan is especially preferred.

Abstract: Certain azapirone compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the treatment of substance addiction.

Abstract: The administration to a poly-drug addict of ibogaine, ibogaine, tabernanthine, alkaloids in the family of apocynaceae, or their non-toxic salts have been discovered to interrupt the physiological and psychological aspects of poly-drug dependency (heroin, cocaine, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, amphetamine, desoxyephedrine or methadone in combinations thereof). A single treatment or series of treatments may be effective for one to eighteen months or longer. Treatment consists of the oral or rectal administration of ibogaine, ibogamine, tabernanthine or their salts or derivatives in dosage ranges of 1 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg.

Abstract: A method is provided for deterring ethanol ingestion by a human, comprising administering to said human an amount of a compound of the formula (R.sup.1) R.sup.2)NC(X)S(O)R.sup.3 effective to cause the disulfiram-ethanol reaction in said human, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl groups, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating warm-blooded animals so as to reduce their voluntary alcohol consumption comprising the administration to the animals of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

Abstract: Human growth hormone is used for the treatment of individuals who are intoxicated with poisonous substances of the type which is degraded in the liver by microsomal enzymes, such as hexobarbiturates or alcohol. Unit dose preparations containing a pharmachologically active dose of human growth hormone is used for treating intoxicated individuals.

Abstract: A novel composition and/or method for the treatment of alcoholism, wherein the composition comprises a therapeutically effective dosage of disulfiram and a drug that affects the neurological system in a manner similar to alcohol, preferably a habit-forming or addictive drug. The method comprises administering a composition to alcoholics that combines therapeutically effective dosages of disulfiram and a habit-forming or addictive drug into a single composition. Preferably, the habit-forming or addictive medication is an anti-anxiety drug and is a member of the benzodiazepine family. Most preferably, the habit-forming, anti-anxiety drug is diazepam.

Abstract: A method of treating a chemical dependency in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of the compound (1S-cis)-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetraahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine, also known by the generic name sertraline, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, effective in reducing or alleviating such dependency.

Abstract: Anxiolytic and antipsychotic treatment is provided to patients by administering therapeutically effective amounts of N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-2-methoxy-4-[(1-H-4,5-dihydro-2-immidazolyl)-am ino]-5-chlorobenzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention concerns compounds having the structure: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.2', R.sup.3', R.sup.4', and R.sup.5', is independently hydrogen (--H), or a hydroxyl (--OH), methoxy (--OMe), methyl (--Me), carboxaldehyde (--CHO) or phenylformazen (Ph--N.dbd.CH--) group.This invention also provides a novel process of synthesizing the compounds of the subject invention, including intermediate compounds useful in the process.The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound according to the subject invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Finally, the invention provides spermicidal methods and methods of killing or of retarding the proliferation of, cancer cells.

Abstract: A method of use of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor is provided which comprises administration of the inhibitor to warm-blooded animals so as to reduce their voluntary alcohol consumption. The method further includes combining the use of opiate receptor antagonist to further reduce alcohol consumption.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a liver disorder, comprising as an effective agent against liver dysfunction, a mixture in effective amounts of the components:(a) L-Asparaginic acid;(b) L-Cysteine;(c) L-Glutaminic acid;(d) sodium selenate; and(e) zinc acetate or zinc sulfate in the following proportions: 0.020 to 2.00:0.025 to 1.00: 0.025 to 5.00:28.10.sup.-6 to 500.10.sup.-6 :0.010 to 0.300 by weight.