Abstract: The present invention is directed to an aripiprazole oral soluble film and a preparation method thereof. The aripiprazole oral soluble film comprises 10-60% w/w of aripiprazole in a crystalline state and 30-95% w/w of one or more film-forming materials, wherein 90% of the aripiprazole particles have a size of ?14.3 ?m and are uniformly blended in the film without visible undispersed particles. The aripiprazole oral soluble film has excellent bioavailability, uniformity, stability, and palatability. The oral soluble film preparation is prepared by first grinding aripiprazole particles to have desired small particle sizes, then blending the aripiprazole particles with film forming materials in an aqueous solution to a uniform suspension, defoaming the suspension, and coating the suspension on a substrate and drying it to form a film.

Abstract: It has been discovered that low molecular weight poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) can be used in place of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGME) in fire foam concentrates without compromising the desirable properties provided by DGME. Surprisingly it has been found that lower molecular weight PEG with a weight average molecular weight Mw of 400 or less provides comparable performance to DGME with considerably lower toxicity. Use of this PEG permits preparation of fire foam concentrates that exclude DGME completely and that are less toxic than conventional DGME-containing concentrates.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing nano-bubbles in a volume of liquid is described. The apparatus includes a motor having a rotatable shaft, an axially rotatable permeable member couplable to a gas inlet, and a rotatable tube support coupled to the rotatable shaft of the motor and having an inner cavity that houses the axially rotatable permeable member. When rotated, the axially rotatable permeable member is rotated so that the surface velocity of the rotatable permeable member simulates axial turbulent flow above the turbulent threshold in the liquid that allows the liquid to shear gas from the outer surface of the axially rotatable permeable member, thereby forming nano-bubbles in the liquid.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid handling method that makes it possible to simply isolate a droplet, a fluid handling device used in this method, and a fluid handling system. This fluid handling method serves to flow a fluid including a solvent and a droplet through a fluid handling device comprising an inlet, a first flow path having one end connected to the inlet, a chamber connected to the other end of the first flow path, a second flow path having one end connected to the chamber, and an outlet connected to the other end of the second flow path. This fluid handling method includes an introduction step for introducing the fluid through the inlet and accommodating the droplet in the chamber, a rotation step for rotating the fluid handling device after the introduction step, and a removal step for removing the droplet from the inside of the chamber after the rotation step.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to highly concentrated foam formulations for blast suppression and dispersion mitigation. for use in responding to a terrorism incident involving a blast dispersion device. The foam formulation is more concentrated and more stable than current blast suppression foams, which reduces the logistics burden on the user.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to formulations comprising at least one pressure generating vehicle along with at least one skincare active agent in a container such that the pressure generating vehicle would eject the formulation as foam, whipped cream or a similar form upon application of external pressure on the container.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to formulations comprising at least one pressure generating vehicle along with at least one skincare active agent in a container such that the pressure generating vehicle would eject the formulation as foam, whipped cream or a similar form upon application of external pressure on the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a beverage including dissolved and partially dissociated carbon dioxide present in an amount of 2-10 g/liter, such as 3-8 g/liter, preferably 4-6 g/liter, most preferably about 5.5 g/liter and establishing an equilibrium pressure at 10° C. of 0.5-3 bar above atmospheric pressure, such as 1-2 bar, preferably about 1.5 bar. The present inventions further relates to a water insoluble or hydrophobic constituent present in molecular form or in molecular aggregated form and in an amount capable of generating ultra fine bubbles including gaseous carbon dioxide. The ultra fine bubbles are present in an amount exceeding 1010 ultra fine bubbles per milliliter, such as 1012-1018 ultra fine bubbles per milliliter, preferably 1015-1017 ultra fine bubbles per milliliter, most preferably about 1016 ultra fine bubbles per milliliter, when the beverage is exposed to an external isostatic pressure exceeding the equilibrium pressure of the beverage by at least 1.0 bar, preferably 1.

Abstract: Method for making a liquid foam from graphene. The method includes preparing an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide and adding a water miscible compound to the aqueous dispersion to produce a mixture including a modified form of graphene oxide. A second immiscible fluid (a gas or a liquid) with or without a surfactant are added to the mixture and agitated to form a fluid/water composite wherein the modified form of graphene oxide aggregates at the interfaces between the fluid and water to form either a closed or open cell foam. The modified form of graphene oxide is the foaming agent.

Abstract: A polymer solution is mechanically mixed with at least one surfactant solution under conditions preventing air access. The produced polymer-surfactant solution is saturated with a gas by increasing pressure to a value ensuring complete gas dissolution and exceeding an expected pressure of use of aphrons. Then, the pressure is rapidly reduced to a value corresponding to the expected pressure of use of the aphrons and narrow size distribution aphrons are produced.

Abstract: Described is a method to prepare wet foams exhibiting long-term stability wherein colloidal particles are used to stabilize the gas-liquid interface, said particles being initially inherently partially lyophobic particles or partially lyophobized particles having mean particle sizes from 1 nm to 20 ?m. In one aspect, the partially lyophobized particles are prepared in-situ by treating initially hydrophilic particles with amphiphilic molecules of specific solubility in the liquid phase of the suspension.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein can introduce low amounts of gas in a liquid with fast response time and low variation in concentration. In one embodiment, a gas is directed into an inlet on a gas contacting side of a porous element of a contactor and a liquid is directed into an inlet on a liquid contacting side of the porous element of the contactor. The liquid contacting side and the gas contacting side are separated by the porous element and a housing. The gas is removed from an outlet on the gas contacting side of the porous element at a reduced pressure compared to the pressure of the gas flowing into the inlet of the contactor. A liquid containing a portion of the gas transferred into the liquid is removed from an outlet on the liquid contacting side of the porous element, producing a dilute bubble free solution.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for catalytic cracking or reforming of hydrocarbons comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons and optionally hydrogen to form a supersaturated dispersion; introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a catalytic cracking or reforming reactor in the presence of a cracking or reforming catalyst to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the catalyst is present as a slurry or a fluidized or fixed bed of catalyst. In some embodiments, the cracking or reforming catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. Herein also disclosed is a system for catalytic cracking or reforming of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising steam or hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a thermal cracking or steam cracking reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises contacting the supersaturated dispersion with a cracking catalyst in a slurry, a fluidized catalyst bed, or a fixed catalyst bed. In some embodiments, the cracking catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. Herein also disclosed is a system for thermal cracking or steam cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for coal liquefaction comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and contacting the supersaturated dispersion with coal in the high shear device or in a coal liquefaction reactor to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing a conversion catalyst, wherein the catalyst is provided as a slurry, a fluidized bed, or a fixed bed. In some embodiments, the method further comprises feeding a conversion catalyst into the high shear device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor, recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor, or both. Herein also disclosed is a system for coal liquefaction.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method for hydrogenation comprising: supersaturating a hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream in a high shear device with a gas stream comprising hydrogen and optionally one or more C1-C6 hydrocarbons to form a supersaturated dispersion; and introducing the supersaturated dispersion into a reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to generate a product stream. In some embodiments, the catalyst is present as a slurry or a fluidized or fixed bed of catalyst. In some embodiments, the hydrogenation catalyst is mixed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid or slurry stream and the gas stream in the high shear device. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recycling at least a portion of an off gas from the reactor, recycling at least a portion of the product stream from the reactor, or both. Also disclosed herein is a system for hydrogenation.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Abstract: Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized gas-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids.

Abstract: Provided are electrokinetically-altered fluids (e.g., gas-enriched (e.g., oxygen-enriched) electrokinetic fluids) comprising an ionic aqueous solution of charge-stabilized oxygen-containing nanostructures in an amount sufficient to provide, upon contact with a cell, modulation of at least one of cellular membrane potential and cellular membrane conductivity. Further provided are the methods of making the electrokinetically-altered ionic aqueous fluid compositions. Particular aspects provide for regulating or modulating intracellular signal transduction associated by modulation of at least one of cellular membranes, membrane potential, membrane proteins such as membrane receptors, including but not limited to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR), and intercellular junctions (e.g., tight junctions, gap junctions, zona adherins and desmasomes). Other embodiments include particular methods of producing the electrokinetically-altered fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a high-viscosity material with a gas and transferring the high-viscosity material mixed with the gas. The apparatus includes a piston pump, a high-viscosity material supply device for supplying a high-viscosity material to the cylinder, a gas supply device for supplying a gas to the cylinder, a piston drive device for driving the piston of the piston pump, a piston stopping device fixed in the cylinder for stopping the piston, a valve device for a high-viscosity material for selectively opening and closing a passage for communication between the high-viscosity material supply device and the cylinder of the piston pump, and a valve device for a gas for selectively opening and closing a passage for communication between the gas supply device and the cylinder of the piston pump.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid by adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1): Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O-(QO)z—H ??(1) Wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: A formulation for foaming a thermoplastic polymer, for example PVC, comprises a carrier, exothermic and endothermic chemical blowing agents and 1 wt %, preferably less than 0.2 wt % of water. The liquid formulation can readily be used for foaming PVC and other thermoplastics.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for fabricating porous materials using thixotropic gels. A shear force is applied to a thixotropic material causing the material to flow. Multiple components are added to the thixotropic material while applying the shear force causing the multiple components to be distributed in the material. The shear force is removed such that the static properties of the thixotropic material in the absence of the shear force retain a distribution of the multiple components in the thixotropic material to form a composite gel material that includes liquid within a network of inter-connected solid particles that include the distributed plurality of components. The liquid in the composite gel material is removed to form a porous composite material.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bitumen foam, wherein a gas is dispersed into the bitumen with a temperature of less than 200° C. and with a viscosity from 100-10,000 mPas measured at the temperature using EN 12596, wherein the process includes bringing the gas tangentially into contact with a bitumen stream, to obtain a bitumen foam that is not dehydrogenated, oxidised or otherwise chemically modified, and in which at least 10 vol % gas is distributed substantially homogeneously. This process can be applied simply and safely, and results in bitumen foam without additions being necessary for this. In this way bitumen can be processed at lower temperatures, even below 100° C., to asphalt or wearing course.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to plant extracts selected from Bacopa plant extracts, Centella plant extracts, Jatropha plant extracts, Aegle plant extracts, Terminalia plant extracts, Phyllanthus plant extracts, Spilanthes plant extracts, and mixtures thereof; compositions containing plant extracts selected from Bacopa plant extracts, Centella plant extracts, Jatropha plant extracts, Aegle plant extracts, Terminalia plant extracts, Phyllanthus plant extracts, Spilanthes plant extracts, and mixtures thereof; and to the use of these compositions in a variety of applications including, for example, cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations, therapeutic preparations, and personal care preparations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for installing a foam proportioning system into existing fire fighting equipment is provided. The method can include installing a foam proportioning library into a first application of a processor of the existing fire fighting equipment and installing a foam proportioning support into a second application of a display of the existing fire fighting equipment. The method can also include connecting a foam proportioner to the processor, receiving user inputs with the display, and processing the user inputs with the second application and the foam proportioning support. The method can further include transmitting the user inputs to the processor and operating the foam proportioner in response to the user inputs with the first application and the foam proportioning library.

Abstract: A method of preparing a gelled ceramic-based foam comprising forming a slurry comprising at least water, a ceramic, albumin and an aldehyde, such that the ratio of the aldehyde to the albumin is from about 60:1 to about 200:1, and frothing the slurry, such that the albumin polymerizes to form a gelled ceramic-based foam. The foam shows improved capability to resist collapse during any subsequent handling, drying to greenware, or firing steps. This enables simplified and more economical production of highly porous ceramics.

Abstract: A discrete powder which includes particles in which a biliquid foam has been entrapped within a matrix of a polymeric material. A process for the preparation of these discrete powders includes the steps of: i) preparing a biliquid foam, ii) forming a dispersion of the biliquid foam in an aqueous solution, suspension or dispersion of a polymeric material, and iii) subjecting the dispersion to drying under conditions such that a discrete powder is formed.

Abstract: A polyaphron dispersion comprising an external phase and polyaphrons having an internal phase, the internal phase comprising (i) a first phase which is liquid and (ii) a second phase which is liquid or gaseous.

Abstract: A gas mixing/supplying device and a method includes of introducing a gas into a high-viscosity material. The method the steps of effecting a first suction stroke in which the piston (25) is moved in the cylinder (27); supplying a high-viscosity material to the cylinder, using a suction force in the cylinder generated in said first suction stroke; stopping the piston after the first suction stroke; effecting a second suction stroke in which the piston is moved in the cylinder after the supply of the high-viscosity material; supplying a gas to the cylinder, using a suction force in the cylinder generated in the second suction stroke; effecting a pressurizing stroke in which the piston is moved in the cylinder after completion of the supply of the gas; and effecting a discharge stroke in which the high-viscosity material and the gas are discharged into a conduit. Then, the high-viscosity material is foamed under atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An aqueous, foamable composition useful for formation fracturing is disclosed, which includes an ionically coupled gel system. These compositions are well suited in fracturing formation where there are insufficient or non-existent hydration units. Methods for making the compositions and methods using the foamable compositions to fracture formation with insufficient hydration units.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Abstract: A highly concentrated foam formulation for blast suppression and dispersion mitigation for use in responding to a terrorism incident involving a radiological dispersion device. The foam formulation is more concentrated and more stable than the current blast suppression foam (AFC-380), which reduces the logistics burden on the user.

Abstract: Foamed, aqueous adhesive compositions are used to manufacture tissue laminate products including or especially as bathroom tissue, facial tissue, paper towels, and the like. Foaming typically occurs by introducing pressurized gas and adhesive flows in a nozzle chamber on demand, wherein the kinetic energy of the flows is used to provide mixing energy. The adhesive preferably is dispensed as a plurality of discrete, foamed adhesive particles. The foamed adhesive can be used for intralamina bonds, interlaminate bonds, bonding loose sheet extremities, bonding roll to roll, and the like. The invention provides a reliable, straightforward way to accomplish in-nozzle foaming of an adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for producing foams, in particular for mineral oil and natural gas production.

Abstract: A composition and a method for treating a subterranean formation with an injection liquid containing liquid carbon dioxide, a treating liquid and optionally a foaming agent and/or methanol. The treating liquid may be an acid, a corrosion inhibitor, a solvent or a scale inhibitor.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making a multiphase mixture, comprising: flowing a first fluid stream through a process microchannel, the first fluid stream comprising at least one liquid and/or at least one gas, the process microchannel having an apertured section; flowing a second fluid stream through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first fluid stream to form the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream comprising at least one gas and/or at least one microbody-forming material, the first fluid stream forming a continuous phase in the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A method of reducing wear in a cutting head of a tunnel boring machine, by means of the addition at the cutting head of a foamed aqueous liquid composition, which comprises a foaming agent and a lubricant, the lubricant being selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight polyethylene oxides and bentonite. Preferred foaming agents are anionic and nonionic surfactants. Wear rates of cutting elements of TBMs boring in hard rock are considerably reduced. A wear-reducing foamable concentrate is also described.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of ultralow density, high specific surface area gel products is provided which comprises providing, in an enclosed chamber, a mixture made up of small particles of material suspended in gas; the particles are then caused to aggregate in the chamber to form ramified fractal aggregate gels. The particles should have a radius (a) of up to about 50 nm and the aerosol should have a volume fraction (fv) of at least 10?4. In preferred practice, the mixture is created by a spark-induced explosion of a precursor material (e.g., a hydrocarbon) and oxygen within the chamber. New compositions of matter are disclosed having densities below 3.0 mg/cc.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making a multiphase mixture, comprising: flowing a first fluid stream through a process microchannel, the first fluid stream comprising at least one liquid and/or at least one gas, the process microchannel having an apertured section; flowing a second fluid stream through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first fluid stream to form the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream comprising at least one gas and/or at least one microbody-forming material, the first fluid stream forming a continuous phase in the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making a multiphase mixture, comprising: flowing a first fluid stream through a process microchannel, the first fluid stream comprising at least one liquid and/or at least one gas, the process microchannel having an apertured section; flowing a second fluid stream through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first fluid stream to form the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream comprising at least one gas and/or at least one microbody-forming material, the first fluid stream forming a continuous phase in the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A device for producing a mixture of two phases that are insoluble in each other comprises a first fluid channel and a second fluid channel which lead into a contact region. Also, a third fluid channel is provided which leads into the contact region. The device comprises an imparter configured to impart a rotation on the fluid channels, a first phase being centrifugally supplied to the contact region through the first fluid channel, and a second phase, insoluble in the first phase, being supplied to the contact region through the second fluid channel, compressive and/or shearing forces in the contact region which are centrifugally/hydrodynamically induced by the rotation causing drops to break away in one of the phases supplied in order to produce the mixture of the first and second phases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small and inexpensive gas mixing/supplying device for introducing a gas into a high-viscosity material, by use of which a high-viscosity material can be directly supplied from a container such as a cartridge.

Abstract: This invention relates to preparation of micro emulsions having a controlled size. It provides methods, measures, apparatus and products produced by the methods. The method is particularly suitable for preparing micro emulsions of water containing one or more ionic species in an oil and/or dense fluid phase such as CO2 containing fluids under near or supercritical conditions, thereby enabling the use of said dense fluids as solvents for extraction of ionic species, as nano-reactor templates and/or as a carrier for further processing such as deposition on a solid material and/or in a process for producing fine particles, such as particles in the nano- or micrometer range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a foamable oil-in-water type emulsion comprising the following (A) and (B): (A) from 3 to 50% by weight of an oil phase containing fat or oil including from 1 to 69.9% by weight of triglycerides, from 0.1 to 9% by weight of monoglycerides and from 30 to 90% by weight of diglycerides, wherein 80% by weight or more of the fatty acides in the diglycerides are unsaturated fatty acids, and wherein the content of saturated fatty acids is less than 40% by weight and the content of trans acids is less than 10% by weight, based on the total amount of fatty acids in the fat or oil; and (B) from 50 to 97% by weight of a water phase containing 1 to 80% by weight of sugars and/or sugar alcohols, which has good foaming characteristics, flavor and the like.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide compositions comprising an electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid, wherein the oxygen in the fluid is present in an amount of at least 25 ppm. In certain aspects, the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises electrokinetically modified or charged oxygen species present in an amount of at least 0.5 ppm. In certain aspects the electrokinetically altered oxygenated aqueous fluid comprises solvated electrons stabilized by molecular oxygen, and wherein the solvated electrons present in an amount of at least 0.01 ppm. In certain aspects, the fluid facilitates oxidation of pyrogallol to purpurogallin in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in an amount above that afforded by a control pressure pot generated or fine-bubble generated aqueous fluid having an equivalent dissolved oxygen level, and wherein there is no hydrogen peroxide, or less than 0.1 ppm of hydrogen peroxide present in the electrokinetic oxygen-enriched aqueous fluid.

Abstract: The invention discloses an electromagnetic energy adaptation material, which can absorb electromagnetic energy, the material including a mixture of at least one liquid with at least one surfactant. The liquid may be a dipolar molecular liquid, and may be pressurized by means of a gas. Further the use of an electromagnetic energy adaptation material in the form of a foam for covering an object to prevent detection thereof by an electromagnetic energy detection apparatus, such as radar equipment, is disclosed. Finally a method of minimizing or altering detection of an object by means of electromagnetic energy detection apparatus is suggested, which includes the steps of coating such an object or a zone spaced away from such an object at least partially by means of a foam of an electromagnetic energy adaptation material.

Abstract: A piston pump has a piston and cylinder. A gas is supplied into the cylinder during and/or after a suction stroke of the piston pump, and a high-viscosity material is supplied into the cylinder after the suction stroke. A discharge stroke of the piston pump is effected after completion of supply of the high-viscosity material to thereby discharge the gas and high-viscosity material into a pipe. Use is made of piston pumps 45A and 45B, each including a cylinder and a piston which reciprocally moves within the cylinder to effect the suction stroke and discharge stroke, and a membrane gas generator 10 to which compressed air is supplied to generate a gas. A low-pressure gas generated by the membrane gas generator 10 is supplied into each piston pump and the high-viscosity material is introduced into the gas.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a biliquid foam which does not rely upon the initial formation of a gas foam, in which a stirrer having a single or a multiplicity of blades is used, the stirrer being operated in a manner such that at least one part of the stirrer mechanism breaks the interface between the continuous polar phase used to form the biliquid foam and the air, the non-polar phase being added dropwise at least initially whilst stirring the continuous polar phase and the rate of addition of the non-polar phase being controlled so that a biliquid foam composition is formed.