Abstract: The present application pertains to liquid-liquid phase transition compositions and processes. In one embodiment a liquid-liquid phase transition process comprises first forming a composition comprising a glycol polymer and water and then phase transitioning the composition at or above the composition's cloud point temperature to form at least two liquid phases. The enthalpy of liquid-liquid phase transition may be greater than 5 kJ per kg as measured by a calorimeter and each liquid phase may have unique and advantageous properties. In another embodiment the application pertains to compositions suitable for liquid-liquid phase transition compositions.

Abstract: Inks, paints, adhesives, and paint strippers may be formulated to include one or more branched surfactants, from one or more surfactant classes, such as derivatives of amino acids that have surface-active properties.

Abstract: Provided is an aqueous fire extinguishing agent, and more particularly, an aqueous fire extinguishing agent which includes a non-electrolyte material, an anti-freezing agent, a silicone surfactant, and water and is adaptable to electrical fires. The aqueous fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is applicable to electrical fires and thus can effectively replace conventional powder fire extinguishers or gas-based fire extinguishers, and is eco-friendly in that it is harmless to the human body and the environment and does not cause secondary pollution due to powder or gas after use.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for preparing mixtures of DEFI and amide taurate (ATA) having excellent yields of ATA and substantial absence of browning of final ATA and DEFI mixtures. The process permits much greater flexibility in ratios of DEFI to ATA. The invention further relates to mixtures prepared by processes of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions suitable for enhanced oil recovery comprising a) a mixture of ?-sulfocarbonyl compounds of formulae (1) and (2) in a mixture ratio (1) to (2) of from 1:99 to 99:1 wherein R1, R3 and R5, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, are hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2 and R4, which may be the same or different at each occurrence, may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms and in which the alkyl chain may comprise one or more cycloaliphatic groups, and X is H or a metal forming a salt with the sulfonate group, and b) a salt containing aqueous solution.

Abstract: Fluids injected into a carbonate reservoir formation during Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) may include a foaming mixture that includes a zwitterionic surfactant, an omega-3-acid ethyl ester, and aqueous salt solution. The omega-3-acid ethyl ester may include eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester, or combinations thereof. The foaming mixtures may be incorporated into methods for enhancing hydrocarbon recovery in a carbonate reservoir formation. The methods may include introducing the foaming mixture to the carbonate reservoir formation such that any hydrocarbon present in the carbonate reservoir formation is displaced by the foaming mixture and is recoverable from the carbonate reservoir formation.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition comprising a major amount of a fuel oil and a minor amount of a compound being the product of the 1,4-addition reaction of (i) ammonia, a primary or secondary hydrocarbyl-substituted amine or a mixture thereof to (ii) a species containing one or more ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl groups, wherein the compound includes at least one hydrocarbyl group containing at least 10 carbon atoms. The fuel oil composition has improved low temperature properties.

Abstract: An aqueous composition includes: (a) surfactants comprising a salt of a C10-16 alcohol ethoxylate sulfate, a betaine surfactant, and an alkyl polyglucoside, wherein the salt of the C10-16 alcohol ethoxylate sulfate is present in a quantity that is greater than any other surfactant; (b) at least 15 weight % of the composition of a C12-18 fatty acid. A cleansing method includes applying the composition to skin or hair and washing, and optionally rinsing with water.

Abstract: Provided are personal care compositions comprising a first surfactant comprising sodium lauryl sulfate and a second surfactant having a structure represented by wherein each a has a value of about 1 to about 110, b has a value of about 16 to about 70, and at least one R group is SO3, and the other R group is SO3 or hydrogen. Also provided are methods of producing personal care compositions and methods of ameliorating skin or mucosal membrane irritation due to sodium lauryl sulfate.

Abstract: A material for indelibly and uniquely marking an article for identification purposes includes a mixture including between about 1% and 10% by weight fluorescent identifier, DNA, and the remainder including predominantly a solvent.

Abstract: Sulfate and sulfonate derivatives of unsaturated fatty alcohols, processes for making them, and methods of using them are disclosed. In one aspect, a monounsaturated fatty alcohol composition is made by reducing a metathesis-derived monounsaturated alkyl ester. The fatty alcohol composition is then converted to a sulfate or sulfonate derivative by one or more of alkoxylation, sulfation, sulfonation, and sulfitation. Of particular interest are the sulfate and ether sulfate derivatives.

Abstract: A foamable composition includes greater than about 40 weight percent of an alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition, and a foaming surfactant selected from gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquaternium polymers, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A formulation for foaming a thermoplastic polymer, for example PVC, comprises a carrier, exothermic and endothermic chemical blowing agents and 1 wt %, preferably less than 0.2 wt % of water. The liquid formulation can readily be used for foaming PVC and other thermoplastics.

Abstract: A process for the production of foamed plastic parts, in which a blowing agent composition is introduced into a plastic matrix and causes pore formation in the plastic matrix by releasing at least carbon dioxide gas from the blowing agent composition, wherein the blowing agent composition contains at least one carbon dioxide carrier selected from carbonates, hydrogen carbonates and carbamates of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, transition metals and/or ammonium, and at least one acid carrier.

Abstract: An aqueous, foamable composition useful for formation fracturing is disclosed, which includes an ionically coupled gel system. These compositions are well suited in fracturing formation where there are insufficient or non-existent hydration units. Methods for making the compositions and methods using the foamable compositions to fracture formation with insufficient hydration units.

Abstract: A highly concentrated foam formulation for blast suppression and dispersion mitigation for use in responding to a terrorism incident involving a radiological dispersion device. The foam formulation is more concentrated and more stable than the current blast suppression foam (AFC-380), which reduces the logistics burden on the user.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for making a multiphase mixture, comprising: flowing a first fluid stream through a process microchannel, the first fluid stream comprising at least one liquid and/or at least one gas, the process microchannel having an apertured section; flowing a second fluid stream through the apertured section into the process microchannel in contact with the first fluid stream to form the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream comprising at least one gas and/or at least one microbody-forming material, the first fluid stream forming a continuous phase in the multiphase mixture, the second fluid stream forming a discontinuous phase dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A foamable composition includes greater than about 40 weight percent of an alcohol, based upon the total weight of the alcoholic composition, and a foaming surfactant selected from gemini surfactants, sulfuric acid esters, di-esters, C10-34 fatty alcohols, polyquaternium polymers, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Bubble solutions containing invert sugar are disclosed. The bubbles are long-lasting bubbles which can be produced by children at play. Components in the bubble formulation may include a water soluble polymer, invert sugar, surfactants, water, and vegetable syrup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous bubble solution. The solution has at least a surfactant that produces micelles in an aqueous solution, along with an ionic, hydrophobic or hydrogen bonding agent that interacts with the surfactant. When the bubble solution is formed into a bubble the bubble provides a first predetermined effect other than just being formed and popping.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous bubble solution. The solution has at least a surfactant that produces micelles in an aqueous solution, along with an ionic, hydrophobic or hydrogen bonding agent that interacts with the surfactant. When the bubble solution is formed into a bubble the bubble provides a first predetermined effect other than just being formed and popping.

Abstract: Composition may be prepared in a single DEFI reactor comprising mixtures of (1) DEFI (directly esterified fatty acyl isethionate) and (2) a compound produced by the reaction of (a) isethionate with a fatty acid replacement (e.g., a multicarboxylic fatty acid, a fatty acid); or (b) fatty acid with an isethionate replacement (e.g., C2-C24 alcohols, C2-C20 organic acids, amines). Such mixtures are milder than DEFI alone while retaining substantially same foaming benefit.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a foam-forming composition, for suppression/containment of blast from explosive devices. The composition comprises, a) a surfactant 40-80% w/w b) a foam stabilizer 0-7% w/w c) a polyalkylene glycol 10-30% w/w d) water, balance to 100%.

Abstract: An exemplary surface active agent admixture composition of the invention comprises (1) a first surface active agent comprising a betaine, an alkyl or aryl or alkylaryl sulfonate, or mixture thereof; and (2) a second surface active agent comprising a nonionic oxyalkylene-containing polymer surfactant. The present invention therefore provides a system for ensuring the presence in a hydratable cementitious composition (when hardened) a sufficient air volume and sufficient air void fineness and consistency. Further exemplary admixture compositions may comprise one or more plasticizers and one or more clay activity-modifying agents. Cementitious compositions and methods for modifying cementitious compositions, which incorporate the above-mentioned surface active agent combination, are also described. The invention provides the ability to adjust and stabilize air void systems in hydratable cementitious compositions, while allowing conventional air entraining agent (AEA) dosage practices to be followed.

Abstract: A static foam generating apparatus including a pipe having an inner diameter, an axis, an input end, and an output end is disclosed. A plurality of perforated discs are disposed in the pipe, the discs positioned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the pipe axis. A plurality of spacer rings are disposed within the pipe, a spacer ring separating each perforated disc from each adjacent perforated disc. Additionally, a method for generating foam including the steps of providing a static foam generating apparatus including a pipe having an inner diameter, an axis, an input end, and an output end, supplying feed water to the pipe, supplying surfactant to the pipe, and supplying air to the pipe is disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid for forming soap bubbles of the present invention, contains, as an emulsifier, an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 14 carbon atoms with a polyhydric alcohol having not less than four hydroxyl groups, the percentage of esterified hydroxyl groups of said polyhydric alcohol being 1 to 25% based on total hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol. Such aqueous liquid for forming soap bubbles has a high safety and is suitable for children's recreations or amusements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a carboxylated alkyl polyglycoside in combination with an anionic surfactant to increase foam. The carboxylated alkyl polyglycoside, according to the invention, can be the reaction product of an alkyl polyglycoside with an alpha- or 2-halocarboxylic acid; the reaction product of an alkyl polyglycoside with an alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid; or the reaction product of an alkyl polyglycoside with a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved foamed well cement slurries, additives and methods. The additives, which foam and stabilize a cement slurry containing fresh water or salt water, are basically comprised of a mixture of an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate surfactant, an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant and an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethyl amine oxide surfactant.

Abstract: A foaming composition containing one or more fluorinated surfactants and or more alkylpolyglycoside hemisulphosuccinate surfactants of formula (I) is described, ##STR1## wherein R is a straight or branched chain alkyl radical with 6-18 carbon atoms, S is a sugar residue, one of R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 is a SO.sub.3 M group, and the other a hydrogen atom, M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, X is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably of 1 to 4. The foaming composition is useful as a fire-extinguishing foam.

Abstract: Disclosed are dry particulate compositions containing an anionic sulfonate or sulfate surfactant, fatty mono- or di-ethanolamide, alcohol, sugar and maltodextrin. The dry compositions readily disperse in water to form formulations which can form voluminous, stable, environmentally benign foams useful, for instance, in marking outdoor areas.

Abstract: Surfactant blends that generate a stable spherical foam are disclosed. The surfactant blends contain a nonionic surfactant or an amphoteric surfactant as the principal foaming agent, and a sufficient amount of an acylate lactylate to enhance foam volume and provide a foam that remains in a spherical form for up to about forty minutes. A method of generating a long-lasting foam also is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions which are dispensed as initial-stage foams and which post-foam upon spreading during use, thereby exhibiting multiple levels of foam. Each such composition includes a foamable utilitarian constituent, a liquid post-foaming agent, and a compressed gas.