Abstract: Non-spherical liquid droplets comprising a liquid, an internal solid material defining the shape of the droplet, a benefit agent, and methods of making non-spherical liquid droplets.

Abstract: A dye for a fluid of an electrowetting element, the dye having a general formula selected from the group consisting of: wherein Q has the general formula: -Het1R1 or -Het1R1R2; V has the general formula: -Het2R3 or -Het2R3R4; Het1 and Het2 are heteroatoms; R1 and R3 are H; R2 and R4 are any functional group; T and U are any functional group; W, X, Y and Z are H or an alkyl group; and F, G, L and M are H or an alkyl group, and with the proviso that the dye does not have the general formula: The present invention further relates to a fluid comprising a dye of the present invention, an electrowetting element and an optical display device comprising the fluid, and a use of the dye to reduce photo-bleaching.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the treatment of a hydrophobic surface by a liquid film comprising an aqueous phase comprising the coating of said surface by the liquid whose aqueous phase comprises an effective amount of an agent of modification of the properties of surface and an active agent.

Abstract: An electrowetting display apparatus is provided, which has a display unit including: a first substrate at least one surface of which is electroconductive; a second substrate arranged to face the electroconductive surface of first substrate; a hydrophobic insulation film arranged on the electroconductive surface of first substrate; a non-electroconductive oil provided between the hydrophobic insulation film and second substrate movably on the hydrophobic insulation film and containing a nonpolar solvent, a dye in a content of 10 mass % or higher with respect to the total mass of oil, and a nonionic surfactant; and an electroconductive hydrophilic liquid provided between the hydrophobic insulation film and second substrate so as to contact the oil; wherein an image is displayed by applying a voltage between the hydrophilic liquid and electroconductive surface of first substrate for changing the shape of an interface between the oil and hydrophilic liquid.

Abstract: A fine polymer particle production method includes producing an emulsion in a liquid prepared by dissolving and mixing a polymer A and a polymer B in organic solvents in which a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer A and a solution phase composed primarily of the polymer B are formed as separate phases, and bringing it into contact with a poor solvent for the polymer A to precipitate the polymer A. This method serves for easy synthesis of fine polymer particles with a narrow particle size distribution and the method can be effectively applied to production of highly heat-resistant polymers that have been difficult to produce with the conventional methods.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing compound exhibiting excellent surface tension-reducing ability despite the absence of perfluoroalkyl group having a chain length of 8 or more which had been the cause of the PFOS and PFOA problems and use of a fluorine material with low environmental load is provided. Also provided are a fluorine-containing surfactant and a composition thereof, an aqueous resin emulsion and a floor polish composition containing such surfactant. The fluorine-containing compound is represented by the following formula (1): Rf1—CpH2p—CH(OH)—CqH2q—NR—CrH2r—(O)n—SO3M (1) wherein Rf1 is a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, p, q, and r are independently an integer of 1 to 6, M is a cationic atom or atomic group, n is 0 or 1, R is hydrogen atom, a C1-12 alkyl group, or a group represented by the following formula (2): Rf2—CsH2s—CH(OH)—CtH2t—??(2) wherein Rf2 is a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, and s and t are independently an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: An electrowetting element comprising a first fluid and a second fluid which are immiscible with each other and are switchable between a first configuration and a second configuration by changing a voltage applied to at least one of the first and second fluids, wherein less than or equal to 35 wt % of the second fluid is water and a balancing wt % of the second fluid comprises at least one non-aqueous component.

Abstract: A catheter assembly includes a hydrophilic catheter; a wetting fluid for wetting of the catheter; and a receptacle enclosing at least the insertable part of the catheter and the wetting fluid. The wetting fluid is a solution incorporating at least one osmolality-increasing compound, and the total concentration of the osmolality-increasing compound(s) preferably exceeds 600 mOsm/dm3. The wetting fluid could either be arranged in contact with the hydrophilic surface layer of the catheter in the receptacle, for preservation of the hydrophilic surface layer in a wetted state during accommodation in said receptacle and provision of a ready-to-use catheter assembly, or be arranged to keep the wetting fluid separated from the hydrophilic surface layer of the catheter during storage, but to be brought into contact with said hydrophilic surface layer upon activation before an intended use of the catheter.

Abstract: Pre-texturing composition for texturing silicon wafers having one or more surfactants. Methods of texturing silicon wafers having the step of wetting said wafer with a pre-texturing composition having one or more surfactants followed by a texturing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making composite materials comprising combining particles of crosslinked rubber with one or more aqueous polymer dispersion of a suspension polymer to form a mixture in aqueous dispersion, and, optionally, subjecting the aqueous dispersion mixture to solid state shear pulverization to form materials that can be processed as thermoplastics at crosslinked rubber concentrations of from 10 to as high as 95 wt. %, based on the total solids of the material. The method may further comprise kneading and/or compression molding the pulverized product to form useful articles, such as roofing membranes and shoe soles.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making composite materials comprising combining particles of crosslinked rubber with coagulated aqueous polymer dispersions to form a mixture in aqueous dispersion, and subjecting the aqueous dispersion mixture to solid state shear pulverization to form materials that can be processed as thermoplastics at crosslinked rubber concentrations of from 10 to as high as 95 wt. %, based on the total solids of the material. The method may further comprise kneading the pulverized product to form useful articles, such as roofing membranes and shoe soles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid by adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1): Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O-(QO)z—H ??(1) Wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the treatment of a hydrophobic surface by a liquid film comprising an aqueous phase comprising the coating of said surface by the liquid whose aqueous phase comprises an effective amount of surface properties modifying agent and an active agent.

Abstract: The invention, in one aspect, provides a photovoltaic cell including a charge carrier material and a photosensitized interconnected nanoparticle material including nanoparticles linked by a polymeric linking agent, both disposed between first and second rigid, significantly light-transmitting substrates. In one embodiment, the charge carrier material and the photosensitized interconnected nanoparticle material are disposed between a first and second flexible, significantly light-transmitting substrate that are themselves disposed between the first and second rigid, significantly light-transmitting substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of end groups Y, where Y stands for CF3O— or F5S—, as hydrophobic end group in surface-active compounds, corresponding novel compounds, and processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: A non-toxic, environmentally friendly, green flowback aid is disclosed that reduces water blockage when injected into a fractured reservoir. The composition includes an water soluble ester of a low molecular weight alcohol and a low molecular weight organic acid, an oil soluble ester of a low molecular weight alcohol and a high molecular weight fatty acid, one or more water soluble or dispersible nonionic surfactant(s) derived from vegetable or animal sources, one or more anionic or amphoteric surfactant(s) derived from animal or vegetable based sources, and, water. Compositions for low temperature applications are also disclosed that can remain fluid down to ?41° F.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to wetting agent compositions and methods for making and using the wetting agent compositions. The compositions of the invention include a sheeting agent, a defoaming agent, and an association disruption agent. The wetting agent compositions of the present invention result in a faster draining/drying time on most substrates compared to conventional wetting agents. The wetting agent compositions of the present invention are especially suitable for use on plastic substrates.

Abstract: Single phase microemulsions improve the removal of filter cakes formed during drilling with oil-based muds (OBMs). The single phase microemulsion removes oil and solids from the deposited filter cake. Optionally, an acid capable of solubilizing the filter cake bridging particles may also be used with the microemulsion. In one non-limiting embodiment the acid may be a polyamino carboxylic acid. Skin damage removal from internal and external filter cake deposition can be reduced. In another optional embodiment, the single phase microemulsion may contain a filtration control additive for delaying the filter cake removal, destruction or conversion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining micro- and nanodisperse systems. In particular, it relates to a method that allows said systems, such as liposomes, emulsions and suspensions, to be obtained with a size of less than 50 ?m, and preferably less than 1 ?m, and with improved stability properties over time, which includes the stages of a) Dissolving or suspending a compound C in a fluid A, to obtain a mixture AC, in the form of a solution or dispersion; b) Thermostatising said mixture AC to a temperature of between ?50° C. and 200° C.; c) Adding a fluid B to mixture AC until a pressure P is obtained; and it is characterised in that in said stage (c) formation of the solution AB occurs and because it includes, d) Reducing the pressure of solution AB to a pressure lower than or equal to 100 bars, and then e) Adding a fluid E, in which fluid A is miscible and in which compound C is partially or totally insoluble at atmospheric pressure, with said fluid E acting as a crystallisation interruption agent.

Abstract: A colloid solution that exhibits storage stability and pH stability, being useful as viral substitute particles for use in an integrity test for virus removal membrane. In particular, a metal colloid solution characterized in that it comprises metal particles or metal compound particles of 1 to 100 nm average diameter, a water soluble high-molecular-weight dispersant having an N group and water and/or a water soluble organic solvent, the metal colloid solution being stable for a prolonged period of time and being stable in at least pH values ranging from 4 to 11.

Abstract: A process for making ionic liquids containing ion actives, which provide fabric treating benefits, surface treating benefits and/or air treating benefits. The ionic liquid is made from an ion active feedstock and an ionic liquid forming counterion feedstock, which preferably comprises another ion active.

Abstract: Material in web form intended in particular for use in a diagnostic strip and composed of a carrier material coated on one or both sides with an ultrathin coating varnish comprising at least one anionic surfactant based on a sulphosuccinic ester salt, the ultrathin coating varnish having, after drying, a coating distribution of from 5 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: Chemical combinations known to be used for odor control are provisioned for enhancing growth of a plant. The chemical combinations preferably include a stable, aqueous solution of a surfactant and a chemical source of oxygen. There are numerous ways by which one could learn that such combinations have utility in odor control. In preferred methods a manufacturer, distributor, retailer, farmer or other entity is informed of such through reading a journal article or other publication, or by a receiving a letter, fax, or email. The combinations can be used to reduce consumption of irrigation water and to increase a crop yield, each by at least 5-25%, as a consequence of applying the solution to a soil.

Abstract: Described are monomeric fluorochemical surfactants having two perfluoroalkyl sulfonamido segments and two hydrophilic group, which are more efficient and effective in lowering the surface tension of organic solvents and water compared to other C4-based fluorochemical surfactants.

Abstract: An emulsion is optimized in that it is stabilized by the presence of a surfactant specifically selected according to the type of a polymer, or copolymer, also present in the emulsion. The surfactant and the polymer are selected oppositely charged.

Abstract: A method for processing a ceramic powder suspension includes providing a dispersant having the following structure: wherein R1 is an H+ ion, an Na+ ion, an NH4+ ion or other cationic group; R2 is an H+ ion, an Na+ ion. an NH4+ ion or other cationic group; m is an integer from 10 to 5000 ; and n is an integer from 10 to 3000 . The dispersant is dissolved in a solvent. Ceramic powder is further added into the solvent with the dispersant.

Abstract: The colloidal dispersion of the invention is characterized in that it comprises an organic phase; particles of an iron compound in its amorphous form; and at least one amphiphilic agent. It is prepared by a process in which either an iron salt in the presence of an iron complexing agent or an iron complex is reacted with a base, maintaining the pH of the reaction medium at a value of at most 8 to obtain a precipitate, the iron complexing agent being selected from hydrosoluble carboxylic acids with a complexing constant K such that the pK is at least 3 and the iron complex being selected from the products of reacting iron salts with said acids; then the precipitate obtained or a suspension containing said precipitate is brought into contact with an organic phase in the presence of an amphiphilic agent to obtain the dispersion in an organic phase. The dispersion of the invention can be used as a combustion additive in liquid fuel or motor fuel.

Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains a lubricant, a functional improvement agent and an emulsifier, each containing a specified kinds of components by a specified amount and also by a specified amount and also by specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs, yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: Long-chained polymer compounds are useful to viscosify aqueous brine fluids so that they can function as drilling fluids, completion/workover fluids, fracturing fluids, agricultural products, cleaning compounds, etc. These polymers may be hydrated with a microemulsion or lactescent emulsion prior to being added to the target fluid. The rate and completeness of hydration by this method are controlled and improved. In one non-limiting embodiment the microemulsion includes a polar hydrocarbon component, a nonpolar hydrocarbon oil, a small amount of water, a surfactant and optionally a co-surfactant.

Abstract: Liquid concentrate components of a fountain solution are provided, including a liquid film-forming fountain solution concentrate and a liquid surface-tension reducing fountain solution concentrate. The concentrates and water can be combined together to form a fountain solution composition.

Abstract: Hydrophilic surfactant compositions are disclosed that include a surfactant component and a stabilizer component. The surfactant can be coated on a surface by depositing a surfactant solution on at least a portion of the surface, then drying the surfactant solution to form the dry coating. The surfactant compositions, when applied to a substrate, can provide a hydrophilic surface that retains its hydrophilic character over time, at elevated temperatures, or both.

Abstract: A processing agent for synthetic fibers contains a lubricant, a functional improvement agent and an emulsifier, each containing a specified kinds of components by a specified amount and also by a specified total amount so as to have improved characteristics of preventing occurrence of fluffs, yard breaking and uneven dyeing when applied to synthetic fibers at a specified rate.

Abstract: Low molecular weight graft copolymer comprising a synthetic component formed from at least one or more olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers or salts thereof, and a natural component formed from a hydroxyl-containing natural moiety. The number average molecular weight of the graft copolymer is about 100,000 or less, and the weight percent of the natural component in the graft copolymer is about 50 wt % or greater based on total weight of the graft copolymer. Processes for preparing such graft copolymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Liquid concentrate components of a fountain solution are provided, including a liquid film-forming fountain solution concentrate and a liquid surface-tension reducing fountain solution concentrate. The concentrates and water can be combined together to form a fountain solution composition.

Abstract: An aqueous solution for treatment of colored concrete, glazed enamel or porcelain surfaces to increase the coefficient of friction of that surface, whether dry or wet, to about 0.8 without deteriorating the color of the surface comprises about 1.5 to 1.9 wt % of ammonium bifluoride, 1.5 to 3.0 wt % of tri-ethylamine and a wetting agent in water. The degree of change of the color of the surface, treated seven minutes with the solution of the current application, measured by a color meter shows only 0.56 while the result of a commercial solution to increase the frictional coefficient shows 2.22. This means that the color change by the solution of the current application is undetectable by human eyes. Meanwhile, the change by the commercial solution product is detectable.

Abstract: A gemini surfactant represented by the formula: wherein: each Rf independently represents perfluorobutyl or perfluoropropyl; each R1 independently represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; L1 and L2 represent alkylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms; each R represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Z represents an organic divalent linking group; and nXm? represents an anion or anions having a charge m, wherein m and n are independently 1 or 2, and wherein the product of n and m is 2. Aqueous compositions containing the gemini surfactant are also disclosed.

Abstract: An oil-based demulsifying formulation which can be used in the treatment of drains bored in oil-based mud, non ecotoxic and optimally compatible with formation fluids, comprises at least one wetting agent chosen from anionic surfacetants and at least one demulsifier (or “emulsion breaker”) chosen from copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, alcohol or phenol derivatives with alkoxylated or polyalkoxylated chain formations, polyalkyleneglycols, polyamines, alkoxylated or polyalkoxylated derivatives of amines, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternized alkanolamine esters, alkyl esters of fatty acids or natural oils, possible alkoxylated or polyalkoxylated, and silicated derivatives such as polysiloxanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to addition compounds of formula (1): in which: n is a number from 1 to 10; R1 and R2 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the bridge member (R3+R4) is in each case positioned ortho or meta in relation to the phenolic oxygen atom; Z represents a group —CH2—CH2—, —CH2—CH(CH3)—, —CH(CH3)—CH2— or a combination thereof; s is number from 1 to 200; B represents hydrogen, —CO—CH?CH—COOM, —COCH(SO3M)CH2COOM, —CO—CH2—CH(SO3M)—COOM, —SO3M, —SO2M and/or —PO3MM, whereby M is preferably a cation selected from the group Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, HO—CH2—CH2—NH3+, (HO—CH2—CH2—)2NH2+ or (HO—CH2—CH2—)3NH+; and Y is a radical of an amine. The inventive addition compounds are used as dispersing agents of solids, for example, pigments, particularly in aqueous media.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds useful as surfactants having formula (1), including isomers thereof: wherein a and b are integers independently selected from about 3 to about 6; x is an integer from about 1 to about 12; (m+n) is from about 1 to about 4; the R1 groups are independently selected from the group consisting of linear, cyclic, and branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from about C3 to about C30 atoms; and when (m+n) is equal to or greater than 2, each R1 may be independently R2 or R3, wherein R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of linear, cyclic, and branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkylaryl groups having from about C3 to about C30 atoms. The invention also provides a method for reducing surface tension in a waterborne composition or an industrial process by the incorporation of a surfactant having formula (1) and an aqueous composition comprising a surfactant having formula (1).

Abstract: A polymeric linking agent enables the manufacture of photovoltaic cells on flexible substrates, including, for example, polymeric substrates. Photovoltaic cells may be fabricated by a relatively simple continuous manufacturing process, for example, a roll-to-roll process, instead of a batch process.

Abstract: This invention relates to high purity hydrogen ion buffers and in particular amino-organosulfonic acid zwitterionic compositions having low metal content. The concentration of any single metal in the composition is no greater than about 500 ppb, and ideally is less than about 20 ppb.

Abstract: The present invention teaches the composition of terminally modified, amino, polyether, siloxanes, known henceforth as amino siloxane alkokylates, and their use as adjuvants. The amino siloxane alkoxylates of the present invention enhance the efficacy of agrichemicals on plants as compared to conventional TSE's alone. The amino siloxane alkoxylates have at one end, an amine functionality and at the other end, a polyalkyleneoxide functionality.

Abstract: A method for regulating the ink-to-wetting agent equilibrium in a rotary offset printing machine, the wetting agent quantity being determined especially using the signals of a sensor which measures the light reflectance of an area on the printing form of the rotary printing machine that is wetted by a wetting agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel class of water-soluble cleavable surfactants and methods for utilizing these surfactants.

Abstract: The present invention teaches the composition of terminally modified, amino, polyether, siloxanes, known hereforth as amino siloxane alkokylates, and their use as adjuvants. The amino siloxane alkoxylates of the present invention enhance the efficacy of agrichemicals on plants as compared to conventional TSE's alone. The amino siloxane alkoxylates have at one end, an amine functionality and at the other end, a polyalkyleneoxide functionality.

Abstract: The method of preparing the porous material incorporating ultrafine metal particles comprises the following steps: (1) preparing surface-protected ultrafine metal particles by reducing metal ions in the presence of molecules such as dodecanethiol molecules; (2) immersing a wet gel in a solution of the ultrafine metal particles, thus forming an ultrafine metal particle/wet gel composite in which the ultrafine metal particles are incorporated in the wet gel; and (3) drying the ultrafine metal particle/wet gel composite to form a porous body.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the use of bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide and its salts as surfactants or additives applications having an extreme environment.

Abstract: Nonaqueous compositions comprising at least one product of the reaction between A) a linking agent of formula I R4(Y)3  (I) Wherein each Y group is a halogen atom or one Y group is a halogen atom and two Y groups represent an epoxy oxygen atom, which is attached to two adjacent carbon atoms in the R4 group to form an epoxy group, and R4 is an alkanetriyl group containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; and B) a compound of formula II R3(EO)n(PO)m(BO)pX  (II) Wherein R3 is substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, organic oxy or thio group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms or a primary or secondary amino group having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; n is a number of from 0 to 50; m is a number of from 0 to 50; p is a number of from 0 to 50; and X is hydrogen, or X can be a mercapto group, an amino group, or a C1-C6 alkylamino group in place of a terminal —OH group, provided that when X is mercapto, amino or a C1-C6 alkylamino, the sum of n, m, and p must be at least 1; and the

Abstract: A composition for reducing surface tension comprising from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of a hydrocarbon surfactant and from 0.0001% to about 0.3% by weight of a fluorocarbon surfactant, provided that the hydrocarbon surfactant is present at less than or equal to 0.08% by weight when the fluorocarbon surfactant is present at greater than or equal to 0.

Abstract: Fatty acid lower alkyl esters can be used as effective constituents in compositions comprising fatty acid lower alkyl esters and perfume compositions, fragrances or perfume oils for setting the viscosity of the composition.