Abstract: Stable rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions comprise a rare earth tris (organophosphate) and a hydrocarbon solvent. From about 2% to about 10% rare earth element, preferably from about 3% to about 8%, is present in the solutions. The rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions are stable from precipitation of the rare earth tris (organophosphate) for at least about fifteen (15) days, preferably for at least about twenty (20) days and most preferably at least about thirty (30) days. A process for preparing these solutions is described herein. A stabilizing additive, acid, glycol or mixtures thereof, is utilized to inhibit precipitation. The molar ratios of free acid, glycol and/or water to the rare earth element are controlled to inhibit precipitation.

Abstract: A method for precipitation of finely divided solid particles comprising a) Dissolving a compound C in a fluid A to provide a solution A; b) Thermostatization of said solution A to a temperature ranging between ?50°0 C. and 200° C.; c) Adding a fluid B to said solution A until a pressure P is obtained, characterized in that said fluid B at a pressure P is miscible with said solution A and acts as a co-solvent to form a solution AB; d) Adding an inert gas to solution AB so as to maintain the pressure P; and e) Reducing the pressure of said solution AB so as to produce the precipitation of said compound C, and wherein the method permits particles of average size less than 20 ?m, with a narrow distribution ranging between 1 and 100 ?m, from a solution, and not a mix, that contains the compound C precipitated.

Abstract: This invention provides a mounting method for reliably connecting mounting components electrically. Specifically, an anisotropically conductive adhesive can be composed of crushable microcapsules and a second liquid in which the microcapsules are dispersed. Each microcapsule encloses a first liquid and a conductive particle. The first liquid can react with the second liquid at normal temperatures to cure the second liquid. This anisotropically conductive adhesive can be applied on a flexible printed circuit (FPC). Then, a drive IC is mounted and pressed on the FPC to crush the microcapsules between electrode pads provided on the drive IC and electrode pads provided on the FPC, thereby bonding the electrode pads. Subsequently, the anisotropically conductive adhesive is heated to plasticize a capsule wall of each microcapsule, thereby bonding the drive IC and the FPC.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and water that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: There is provided an oil-in-water emulsified composition comprising hydrophobic powder particles, a polyether-modified silicone represented by formula (1), and an ionic water-soluble polymer compound, whereby the succulent feel originating from thickening effect rendered by the ionic water-soluble polymer compound and the effects intrinsic to the hydrophobic powder particles can be demonstrated stably over time in an oil-in-water emulsified composition obtained using an ionic water-soluble polymer compound, to which composition the powder particles are added.

Abstract: An inorganic compound sol comprises a dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, inorganic compound particulates whose surface has been modified by an organic compound exhibiting a molecular polarizability of from 2×10?40 to 850×10?40C2m2J?2. The inorganic compound sol modified by an organic compound possesses a desirable affinity with the dispersion media, providing excellent dispersion stability in solvents while avoiding aggregation of particulates.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a stable dispersion comprising a continuous phase comprising a continuous liquid phase and a plurality of organic nanoparticles; and a dispersed phase comprising particles dispersed in the continuous phase.

Abstract: A liquid-phase chemical reaction medium comprises one or more reactants, optionally in the presence of a reaction product(s) and one or more solvents, diluents or other form of liquid carrier, a catalyst system comprising at least a metal or metal compound and optionally further compounds such as ligands or complexing agents; characterized in that the reaction medium further comprises a polymeric dispersant dissolved in said liquid carrier, said polymeric dispersant being capable of stabilizing a colloidal suspension of particles of said metal or metal compound within the liquid carrier. The presence of the polymeric dispersant enables metal formed by catalyst deactivation to be more easily recovered and recycled. Preferably, the polymeric dispersant has sufficiently acidic or basic functionality to stabilize the colloidal suspension of said metal or metal compound.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for increasing the activity of agrichemicals and controlling their drift by specially formulating an deposition agent with fertilizer. This unique combination has been seen to allow lower use rates of fertilizers as pesticide efficacy enhancers and improved deposition of sprays.

Abstract: A polymeric linking agent enables the manufacture of photovoltaic cells on flexible substrates, including, for example, polymeric substrates. Photovoltaic cells may be fabricated by a relatively simple continuous manufacturing process, for example, a roll-to-roll process, instead of a batch process.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and water that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a non-dusting copper pyrithione dispersion comprising small solid particles of copper pyrithione dispersed in a liquid dispersant, said solid particles having a particle size within a range of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns and a median particle size of less than 3 microns. The dispersion is suitably employed as an antifouling additive for marine paints without risking worker exposure to copper pyrithione dust. Paints containing the small particle copper pyrithione exhibit improved antifouling performance in cold water, as compared to paint containing larger particle copper pyrithione.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technological sector of mineral fillers used in the sector which manufactures polyurethane foams and in particular fillers of the carbonate, hydroxide, silicate, sulphate type and similar mineral fillers. The invention relates in particular to a method of treating mineral fillers of a specific grain size with the aid of treatment agents of the organic phosphate type, incorporating a de-agglomeration step, and optionally a selection step, with a view to improving the techniques used to manufacture polyurethane foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or with a blowing agent such as CO2, and composite polyurethane, whilst reducing the time needed to mix this treated filler treated with the polyol and other reagents. Numerous applications for block foams or moulded foams, for mattresses and similar, the automotive industry, various industrial components, etc . . .

Abstract: Stable rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions comprise a rare earth tris (organophosphate) and a hydrocarbon solvent. From about 2% to about 10% rare earth element, preferably from about 3% to about 8%, is present in the solutions. The rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions are stable from precipitation of the rare earth tris (organophosphate) for at least about fifteen (15) days, preferably for at least about twenty (20) days and most preferably at least about thirty (30) days. A process for preparing these solutions is described herein. A stabilizing additive, acid, glycol or mixtures thereof, is utilized to inhibit precipitation. The molar ratios of free acid, glycol and/or water to the rare earth element are controlled to inhibit precipitation.

Abstract: Methods for making the stable dispersion of lignin components of black liquor in bitumen. Representative methods comprising converting an aqueous colloidal dispersion of lignin in spent pulping liquor to an anhydrous colloidal dispersion of lignin in a lubricating oil by mixing a lubricating oil with the spent pulping liquor, and dewatering the mixture so formed at an elevated temperature to form a cream-like paste compatible with bitumen, and mixing said anhydrous colloidal dispersion of lignin with bitumen.

Abstract: A multiple component adhesive composition is comprised of a polymeric reinforcing phase component and an adsorbent phase component, both as heterogeneously dispersed particulates in an adsorbed liquid component. The reinforcing phase component is substantially incompatible with the liquid component, the adsorbent phase component is compatible or substantially more compatible with the liquid component than is the reinforcing phase component, and the reinforcing phase and adsorbent phase components are partially compatible with one another. The composition has the rheological characteristics of a liquid dispersion and is capable of forming a molten blend at elevated temperatures that solidifies into a solid adhesive upon cooling. Hot-melt or other liquid compositions may also include nanoparticles at least partially exfoliated as a result of shear mixing.

Abstract: The invention provides a solid dispersion composition containing 2-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2H-pyridazin-3-one, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol. The solid dispersion composition of the present invention exhibits the excellent dissolvability of 2-benzyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2H-pyridazin-3-one in water, and enables this compound to be constant sequentially and thereby improve absorbability in blood.

Abstract: A process for producing biopolymer nanoparticles is described, in which the biopolymer is plasticised using shear forces, a crosslinking agent being added during the processing. After said processing. After said processing, the biopolymer can be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium to a concentration between 4 and 40 wt. %. This results in starch nanoparticles which are characterized by an average particle size of less than 400 nm.

Abstract: A method for preparing dispersions of solid salts of fatty acids in low polarity liquids where a concentrated mixture of at least 50 percent of the solid salts of fatty acids in a low polarity liquid is subjected to high shearing forces, until the average particle size of the solid salts of fatty acids is less than 3 micron. The dispersion may then be diluted with the low polarity liquid to a lower concentration. The solid salt of the fatty acid is most preferably magnesium stearate, and the low polarity liquid is preferably a polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of less than 100 centistoke (mm2/s).

Abstract: The invention concerns a colloidal dispersion of a cerium compound or of a cerium compound and at least another element selected among titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, zirconium and rare earths other than cerium. The invention is characterised in that it comprises an amino acid, said acid being at least bound to particles constituting the dispersion. Said dispersion can be used on a substrate as anticorrosive agent, for preparing polymer films, in a cosmetic composition, in catalysis particularly for motor vehicle post-combustion catalysis, for lubrication and in ceramics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a non-dusting copper pyrithione dispersion, comprising an admixture of: from about 20 to about 99 wt % of copper pyrithione; from about 0.05 to about 30 wt % of a dust-inhibiting agent selected from the group consisting of surfactants, polymer resins, binders, and combinations thereof; and from about 0.05 wt. % to about 80 wt % of a dispersant; wherein all weight percents are based on the total weight of the dispersion.

Abstract: A method for preparing dispersions of solid salts of fatty acids in low polarity liquids where a concentrated mixture of at least 50 percent of the solid salts of fatty acids in a low polarity liquid is subjected to high shearing forces, until the average particle size of the solid salts of fatty acids is less than 3 micron. The dispersion may then be diluted with the low polarity liquid to a lower concentration. The solid salt of the fatty acid is most preferably magnesium stearate, and the low polarity liquid is preferably a polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of less than 100 centistoke (mm2/s).

Abstract: A dispersant of formula 1 wherein R is hydrogen or a polymerisation termination group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety containing either an acidic or basic group; A is C3-7alkylene optionally substituted by alkyl; Gly is oxymethylenecarbonyl; n and m are integers; and n+m is from 2 to 100. The dispersants are used to disperse particulate solids such as pigments in paints and inks. Examples of the dispersants include mixed polyester chains derived from &egr;-caprolactone and/or &dgr;-valerolactone with glycolic acid where the mixed polyester chain is reacted with either a polyalkyleneimine or with a phosphating agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to foam control agents for paints and coatings comprising a (a) a siloxane polyalkyleneoxide copolymer, (b) N,N′-ethylene bisstearamide, and (c) a carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to emulsion bases containing (a) polyol poly-12-polyhydroxystearates, (b) polyol esters selected from the group consisting of sorbitan esters, oligoglycerol esters and partial glycerides, (c) citric acid esters, (d) waxes and (e) metal soaps. The emulsion bases are distinguished by the fact that they enable both stable creams and lotions to be produced, irrespective of the polarity of the oils combined therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for defoaming aqueous media, comprising as defoamers urea derivatives of the formula I where R1—is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 24 carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and one carbonyl group, R2—is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R3—is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R4—is an organic radical, preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and n—is from 0 to 5; in the form of solid particles, which are obtained by crystallization from a clear homogeneous melt dispersed in a carrier medium, and a process of preparation thereof.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of mineral fillers using organic phosphate treatment agents. Treated mineral fillers obtained by said method and suspension of these treated mineral fillers in polyols. Use of these suspensions in the manufacture of flexible, semirigid, or rigid polyurethane foams used for the manufacture of molded or nonmolded objects.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composition comprising a mixture with ester and amine function in the form of ester-amines, amines, salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in polymerized polyunsaturated oil comprising: (a) polymerizing a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil to form a polymerized oil, (b) treating the polymerized oil with water vapor, and (c) reacting the polymerized oil with an excess of at least one compound containing at least one hydroxyl function and at least one tertiary amine function, optionally in the presence of a catalyst. Said methods further comprise adding the compositions to an oil effluent as dispersing agents for hydrates.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a composition mainly containing compounds with ester and amide functions, in particular in the form of ester-amides, as well as compounds with amine functions, such as ester-amines, the salts of amines, monoglycerides and diglycerides, formed from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids contained in a polymerized polyunsaturated oil, a process is implemented which comprises the following stages: a) use (or preparation) of a polymerized oil by polymerization of a polyunsaturated vegetable or animal oil; b) treatment of said polymerized oil by entrainment with water vapor; and c) reaction of the polymerized oil thus treated with an excess of at least one aminoalcohol, in the presence or not of a catalyst. This composition can be used as an emulsifying and dispersing surfactant, in particular as an additive for dispersing hydrates in oil effluents.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to precursors and deposition methods suited to aerogel thin film fabrication. An aerogel precursor sol which contains an oligomerized metal alkoxide (such as TEOS), a high vapor pressure solvent (such as ethanol) and a low vapor pressure solvent (such as water and 1-butanol) is disclosed. By a method according to the present invention, such a precursor sol is applied as a thin film to a semiconductor wafer, and the high vapor pressure solvent is allowed to evaporate while evaporation of the low vapor pressure solvent is limited, preferably by controlling the atmosphere adjacent to the wafer. The reduced sol is then allowed to gel at a concentration determined by the ratio of metal alkoxide to low vapor pressure solvent. One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a stable, spinnable sol for setting film thickness and providing good planarity and gap fill for patterned wafers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a solution that is active as a thixotropic agent and contains urea urethanes, in which monohydroxyl compounds are reacted with an excess of toluene diisocyanate, the unreacted portion of the toluene diisocyanate is removed from the reaction mixture and the monosiocyanate adduct obtained is further reacted with diarines in the presence of a lithium salt to form urea urethanes. The invention also relates to the use of the solution for imparting thixotropic properties to coating compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing active ingredient dispersions, wherein an active ingredient is dissolved in a fluid gas, the fluid gas loaded with active ingredient is essentially completely dissolved in a liquid and is decompressed, and the gas is separated from the liquid loaded with active ingredient.

Abstract: A process for preparing a defoamer composition by providing a high-shear, in-line mixer having a rotor-stator assembly with at least one concentric set of shearing teeth which rotate at a tip speed of up to about 25 meters per second and feeding to said mixer a melt of a hydrophobic defoaming agent along with a functional carrier liquid at a controlled mass flow rate and temperature. After mixing, the mixture is cooled and discharged into a receiving vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyglycerol partial esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, which are obtainable by esterification of a polyglycerol mixture with saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and polyfunctional carboxylic acids having 4 to 54 carbon atoms and a mean functionality of from 2 to 2.4, the degree of esterification of the polyglycerol mixture being between 30 and 75%.

Abstract: The following are described herein: a composition that consists of a mixture that comprises at least amides, amines, ester-amides, ester-amines, amine salts and monoglycerides, that are all derived from monomeric, dimeric, trimeric and/or tetrameric fatty acids; a process for the production of said composition which comprises the transamidification reaction of a polyunsaturated vegetable oil that is polymerized thermally, with an excess of at least one amino alcohol, which may or may not be in the presence of a catalyst; and the uses of this composition particularly as an emulsifying agent that allow it, depending on the nature of the oil, to form an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, as a solid-dispersing agent, or as an agent for the stabilization of foams in a liquid or an emulsion.

Abstract: A process for homogeneously dispersing at least one reactant in a fluid matrix, characterized in that capsules of a first type containing the reactant(s) are prepared with a first encapsulation product and capsules of a second type containing the fluid matrix are prepared with a second encapsulation product which is compatible with the first, these two types of capsules bearing electric charges of opposite polarity, the capsules of the two types are combined by electric attraction and the first and second encapsulation products are removed so as to obtain a composite material consisting of the fluid matrix containing the reactant(s) in homogeneous dispersion form, and products obtained according to this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing active ingredient dispersions, wherein an active ingredient is dissolved in a fluid gas, the fluid gas loaded with active ingredient is essentially completely dissolved in a liquid and is decompressed, and the gas is separated from the liquid loaded with active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for preparing active ingredient dispersions, wherein an active ingredient is dissolved in a fluid gas, the fluid gas loaded with active ingredient is essentially completely dissolved in a liquid and is decompressed, and the gas is separated from the liquid loaded with active ingredient.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of mineral acid salts of amines which can be easily handled and pumped in plant and laboratory environments. More particularly, this invention relates to the production of water-free fluid ionic mineral acid salt compositions of fatty acid amine derivatives which are suitable for use as anti-stripping agents in hot asphalt applications.

Abstract: An oily composition comprises a solid phase containing a water-soluble effective substance and/or a water-dispersible effective substance and an oil phase containing an oily component and an emulsifying agent having an HLB value of not more than 10, wherein the solid phase is dispersed in the oil phase in the form of a fine particulate state having an average particle size of not more than 5 &mgr;m and the water content or the aqueous alcohol solution content of the solid phase is not more than 30% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synergistic mixture comprising, as asphaltene dispersant, from 5 to 95% by weight of a compound A of the formula I or II defined in the description, and from 5 to 95% by weight of a compound B of the formula (III) defined in the description, the substituents being defined as described in the description. The mixture is an excellent asphaltene dispersant in crude oils and products derived therefrom.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of mineral fillers using organic phosphate treatment agents. Treated mineral fillers obtained by said method and suspension of these treated mineral fillers in polyols. Use of these suspensions in the manufacture of flexible, semirigid, or rigid polyurethane foams used for the manufacture of molded or nonmolded objects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wood-impregnating agent, which is an emulsion, dispersion or solution of a cationic, quaternary, amphoteric and/or special non-ionic surfactant, the surfactant or surfactants being poorly soluble in water and the dispersion or emulsion having a mean particle size diameter or a mean droplet size diameter smaller than 1 .mu.m. Preferable surfactants include cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of imidazolines, benzyls, alkyls, dialkyls, monoalkyl-trimethyl, dialkyl-dimethyl, methyl-dialkoxy-alkyl, dialkylmethylbenzyl, diamidoamine and/or cationic and/or quaternary surfactants or compounds from the group of complex diquaternary compounds and/or the group of compounds which assume a cationic character in acid medium and/or non-ionic compounds from the group of fatty amine oxides, amine ethoxylate, and/or adducts of an ethylene oxide, which can be protonated on an heteroatom and/or amphoteric compounds from the group of betaines and/or ampholytes.

Abstract: A method of forming a solution of a solid includes the steps of: (1) forming a dispersion which comprises (a) a liquid, (b) the solid dispersed in powder form and (c) a polymeric binder dissolved in the liquid, and (2) mixing the dispersion with the solvent under conditions such that the powder dissolves in the solvent. If a solution prepared by this method is allowed to dry out, the polymeric binder binds the powder and thus suppresses dust formation. The method has particular application to solids which are reactive textile auxiliaries. A dispersion of a solid in powder form in an aqueous liquid contains a major proportion of a low viscosity, water-soluble cellulose ether and a minor proportion of a natural polysaccharide gum.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of carotenoid powders is disclosed. In the disclosed method, an aqueous suspension of the carotenoid is heated to melt the carotenoid, the suspension is then homogenized under pressure to form an emulsion, and the resulting emulsion is dried to obtain the carotenoid powder.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for mitigating fouling and reducing viscosity in primary fractionators and quench sections of ethylene plants by adding to a hydrocarbon stream a mono and/or a polyalkyl-substituted phenol-formaldehyde resin having a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 30,000 and at least one alkyl substituent containing from about 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, which alkyl substituent may be linear or branched.

Abstract: A method and a plant for processing problematic, organic, chemical wastes for the disposal thereof. The different types of waste are collected in separate portions and the liquid waste portions are pooled, and the resulting liquid mixture is left to separate into a number of fractions. Each viscous or solid waste portions is subjected to a compatibility test with a liquid fraction. The waste portions are admixed with an amount of a compatible liquid fraction, ensuring that a workable mixture is obtained. The different mixtures are gradually mixed and a mixed and workable buffer portion is obtained. The buffer portion or a portion thereof is subjected to grinding at a high shear. A pumpable, combustible dispersion is obtained, which can be incinerated without any risk of explosions.

Abstract: A novel pourable organophilic clay polyamide composition useful as a rheological additive for organic fluid system comprisinga) from about 5 to 15 weight percent of an organophilicly modified smectite-type clay,b) from about 25 to about 35 weight percent of one or more rheologically active polyamides andc) from about 40 to 60 weight percent of one or more organic solvents preferably selected from the group consisting of n-propanol, toluene and mineral spirits.The organophilic clay polyamide composition is used in non-aqueous fluid systems such as paints, inks, and coatings to provide improved rheological properties to the system.

Abstract: A process for homogeneously dispersing at least one reactant in a fluid matrix, characterized in that capsules of a first type containing the reactant(s) are prepared with a first encapsulation product and capsules of a second type containing the fluid matrix are prepared with a second encapsulation product which is compatible with the first, these two types of capsules bearing electric charges of opposite polarity, the capsules of the two types are combined by electric attraction and the first and second encapsulation products are removed so as to obtain a composite material consisting of the fluid matrix containing the reactant(s) in homogeneous dispersion form, and products obtained according to this process.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated non-aqueous suspensions of water-soluble solids are prepared by using a water soluble active compound comprising water hydratable polysaccharides, biocides, fertilizers and mixtures thereof dispersed in water-miscible organic liquid carriers, preferably lower alkadiols in conjunction with a specific three component surfactant system, i.e., a system comprising a nonionic polymeric viscosity modifier surfactant; an anionic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant having a bulky hydrophobic substituent group.