Abstract: A topical flavouring product of a solid flavouring dispersed in a non-aqueous continuous medium containing oleic acid and sodium oleate in the relative weight proportions of from 80:20-54:46. A method of applying to the surface of a comestible product a solid flavouring, comprising dispersion of the solid flavouring in a non-aqueous continuous medium in the presence of oleic acid and sodium oleate and its topical application to the product, the oleic acid and sodium oleate being present in the relative weight proportions of from 80:20-54:46.

Abstract: The invention relates to chemical-based methods and products for mitigating the impact of an oil spill, that act via mechanisms which include reducing adhesiveness, herding, thickening and gelling. N-fatty acid amino acid (FA-AA) conjugates display oil-herding behavior when formulated as a salt, or the free acid in water-miscible organic solvents. Various salts of FA-AA conjugates are water soluble and can herd oils and increase the thickness of the oil layer. Replacement of the acid group of fatty acid ?-amino acid conjugates with other groups that act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors results in potent phase selective organo gellants. The oil thickeners or gellants include can be prepared from biobased feedstocks, have low toxicity, high capacity for oil and reduction of the need to use an organic solvent to apply the thickener or gellant to an oil and water mixture in order to gel the oil phase.

Abstract: The present invention has as an objective to provide a new emulsification method, which can produce concentrated water-continuous emulsion containing lipophilic compounds in a dispersed phase, with a very fine dispersed phase droplet size less than a micron, and a narrow size distribution of the dispersed phase. This objective has been met by a method wherein a water-continuous emulsion is made using a Controlled Deformation Dynamic Mixer or a Cavity Transfer Mixer.

Abstract: A microemulsion consisting of water, peroxidic fluoropolyether carboxylate and oil is provided. When the microemulsion is used in homopolymerization, binary copolymerization or multi-component copolymerization of fluorine-containing olefin monomers, an emulsion with a low viscosity and a particle diameter of 30-200 nm can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates ways to increase the output of a high quality product from the precipitation liquor crystallization process exemplified through the aluminum hydroxide recovery processes such as the Bayer process. The invention is a method of increasing the size of precipitated of a liquor. The invention in one embodiment relates to the use of a crystal growth modifier compositions added to the precipitation process to increase the particle size distribution of the precipitated alumina trihydrate.

Abstract: Polyglycerol ethers of sorbitan carboxylic acid, particularly C8 to C22 carboxylic acid, esters are new surfactant compounds, useful as emulsifiers. Desirable compounds are of the formula (I): Sor(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4) where R1, R2, R3, R4 have defined meanings such that at least one group is of the formula (II): -G2CR5, where R5 is a C7 to C21 hydrocarbyl group, and at least one is of the formula (III): -[Gly]-[AO]m-H where Gly is a glycerol residue, AO is an alkyleneoxy residue of a corresponding diol cyclic carbonate, in any order; n is an average of from 0 to 100; and m is an average of from 0 to 75; such that the total of all the indices n is at least 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for treating subterranean formations. A treatment fluid that comprises an aqueous liquid, and a degradable surfactant derived from a degradable polymer is provided. Also provided are emulsified treatment fluids and foamed treatment fluids that comprise degradable surfactants derived from degradable polymers.

Abstract: An agent and a method for dispersing spilled oil, particularly on a body of water. The compound is a viscous dispersant liquid comprising a mixture of surfactants and a viscosifying agent that may be stored, shipped, mixed, and delivered on site using standard equipment and methods. The compound is released as a cohesive, persistent, visible, gel-like or paste-like liquid that floats on water. At least one method includes delivering the viscous dispersant liquid onto an oil spill in a body of water utilizing a jet airplane flying at over about 100 feet and spraying the liquid in large, pea-sized droplets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating subterranean formations. A method, that comprises providing a treatment fluid that comprises an aqueous fluid, and a degradable surfactant derived from a degradable polymer; and introducing the treatment fluid into a well bore that penetrates the subterranean formation, is provided.

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions comprised of: (a) a polyol poly-12-hydroxystearate polyester; (b) an alkyl polyglycoside; (c) an oil; and (d) from 5 to 30% by weight water. When used as paper additives, the emulsions significantly improve the softness and feel of the paper products.

Abstract: A wash composition that includes a polymeric surfactant and methods for using the wash composition are described herein.

Abstract: Improved fuel compositions and fuel additive packages are disclosed which serve to increase the combustion efficiency of conventional fuels while reducing the level of CO2 emissions generated upon the combustion of the fuels. The fuels may be essentially water-free hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline or diesel fuel, or may be in the form of hydrosols. The additive packages of the invention include sorbitan oleate, a polyoxyethylene alcohol, an alkylene glycol, and an amine.

Abstract: Antifoams and/or deaeraters based on oil-in-water dispersions contain, in the hydrophobic oil phase, 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof as compounds having an antifoam and/or deaerating effect, and 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof are used as antifoams and/or deaeraters.

Abstract: Personal care or cosmetic oil in water emulsions include an oil emulsifier and a combination of a Xanthan polysaccharide and a polyglucomannan polysaccharide to provide enhanced stability even at low emulsifier stabiliser levels. The emulsifier stabiliser system provides stable emulsions without dominating system rheology, particularly viscosity. Thus, the emulsions can have a low viscosity suitable for formulation as milks or thin lotions, or can be thickened, desirably by thickening agents other than the Xanthan and/or polyglucomannan, to provide emulsion creams or gels. This enables the system to be used very flexibly in end use applications. The emulsifier is desirably a non-ionic emulsifier and particularly is a combination of a low HLB and a high HLB emulsifier and can be formulated with conventional alcohol ethoxylate surfactants or from non-EO surfactants e.g. sucrose ester high HLB surfactants and citrate or sorbitan ester low HLB surfactants.

Abstract: Furniture polishes, and methods for their use, are disclosed. The polishes are liquids in the form of a dispersion which is a biliquid foam with a thickener, where the foam is structured as an oil-in-water complex. The dispersion has an oil portion having a polysiloxane and/or a hydrocarbon oil such as a mineral oil. There is also surfactant such as one nonionic surfactant and one more polar surfactant. Water is also provided. The polish is preferably essentially free alcohols.

Abstract: Described is an alkoxylated composition that comprises a family of trans carbon-carbon double bond free compositions that generally have melting points that range from 30-80° C., preferably with melting points between 55-58° C. and with a solubility profile compatible with a broad range of cosmetic and industrial chemical bases. At room temperature (˜20° C.), this family of compositions varies from pourable liquids, to soft creams, to pasty waxes, to a brittle hard material. These compounds, whether used pure or when combined with other carrier and vehicle components (including other additives, thickeners or binders) can form excellent carrier and vehicles for delivery of compositions for use in the cosmetic, personal care and/or pharmaceutical field, including the cosmeceutical field where cosmetic compositions also provide pharmaceutical or other therapeutic benefits.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-insoluble polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane block copolymers of the general average formula wherein the variables and indices are described herein as defoaming agents for aqueous media. This invention also provides for defoaming compositions comprising said water-insoluble polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane block copolymers as well as coating materials, printing inks and cooling lubricants containing the inventive defoaming compositions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for emulsifying a petroleum product that has been spilled upon a portion of the earth's surface or that is burning are based upon use of a nonionic, primary surfactant composition comprising a first ethoxylated sorbitol oleate and, preferably, a second ethoxylated sorbitol oleate, and a nonionic, secondary surfactant that is capable of stabilizing and solubilizing the primary surfactant composition such that the resulting emulsifying compositions have a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance between about 12.0 and about 13.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to multiple emulsions comprising a primary emulsion in an external phase, and comprising a principle water phase and a principle oil phase, the multiple emulsion containing no more than about 1% of an emulsifier having an HLB of about 16 to about 20.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition comprising: 10 to 80 wt. % of at least an emulsion in water of a linear polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity ranging between 1 and 5000 mPa.s at 25° C., the emulsion particles having a size of not more than 1 &mgr;m; and 1 to 50 wt. % of at least an inorganic agent; the complement for reaching 100 wt. % being an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to microemulsion comprising oils having defined cleansing and spreadability and providing superior cleansing, mildness, and good feel relative to conventional, non-microemulsion products.

Abstract: A water-soluble or water-dispersible polyester B useful as emulsifier for aqueous emulsions of alkyd resins A, wherein the polyester B is obtainable by reacting, under polycondensation conditions, polyhydroxyl components Ba from the class of the sugar alcohols having more than 4 carbon atoms and at least five hydroxyl groups per molecule, alkoxypolyethylene glycols Bb having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and a number-average molar mass Mn of from 500 to 2000 g/mol, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids Bc and unsaturated or saturated fatty acids Bd having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, a process for its preparation, and alkyd resin emulsions prepared therewith.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous organopolysiloxane emulsion for use as an adjuvant to hair-care treatment toiletry preparations suitable in respect of the good storage stability and relatively large average diameter of the organopolysiloxane droplets of 0.1 to 1.0 mm despite the high viscosity of the organopolysiloxane and the high content of the organopolysiloxane. The organopolysiloxane emulsion consists of: (A) 70 to 90% by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 1×105 mPa·s or higher; (B) 1 to 15% by weight of a surface active agent; and (C) 5 to 25% by weight of water.

Abstract: An antifoaming composition contains (A) 58 to 90% by weight of an oil compound and (B) 10 to 42% by weight of a mixture. The oil compound (A) consisting essentially of (i) 80 to 99.9% by weight of an organopolysiloxane composed of R13SiO1/2, R12SiO2/2 and R1SiO3/2 units in a ratio of (0.1 to 5):(90 to 99.8):(0.1 to 5) by mol % and (ii) 0.1 to 20% by weight of finely divided silica. The mixture (B) consisting essentially of (iii) 30 to 90% by weight of a polyoxyalkylene-modified silicone oil having a viscosity of 120,000 to 1,000,000 centipoise at 25° C. and (iv) 1 to 70% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol alkyl ether having a molecular weight of 50 to 300. The composition has improved antifoaming properties, water dispersibility and stability.

Abstract: An alkyl polyglycoside and fatty alcohol composition useful as an emulsifier includes: a) 8 to 40% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside component consisting essentially of: 0 to 20% by weight of at least one alkyl polyglycoside of formula (I): R1O(G1)x1  (I)  in which R1 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 16 or 18 carbon atoms, G1 is a saccharide residue and x1 is between 1 and 5; 0 to 100% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside of formula (II): R2O(G2)2  (II)  in which R2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 14 carbon atoms, G2 is a saccharide residue and x2 is between 1 and 5; and 0 to 100% by weight of at least one alkyl polyglycoside of formula (III): R3O(G3)x3  (III)  in which R3 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 20 or 22 carbon atoms, G3 is a saccharide residue and x3 is between 1 and 5; and b) 60 to 92% by weight of a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having from 14 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous emulsions of peroxyesters comprising an anti-freeze agent, a polyvinyl acetate with a degree of hydrolysis between 45 and 68%, and a non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value greater than 16 selected from alkylene oxide block-copolymers, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, and ethoxylated fatty acids. The emulsions are safe, storage stable, and generally applicable.

Abstract: The invention relates to multiple emulsions comprising a primary emulsion in an external phase, and comprising a principle water phase and a principle oil phase, the multiple emulsion containing no more than about 1% of an emulsifier having an HLB of about 16 to about 20.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions based on alkyl polyglycosides and fatty alcohols which enable stable fluid emulsions to be produced, and which contain These compositions generally comprise: 5 to 60% by weight of a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides essentially consisting of: 10 to 25% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside of formula (I) R1O(G1)X1  (I) 10 to 30% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside of formula (II) R2O(G2)X2  (II) 0 to 10% by weight of a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides of formulae (III) and (IV): R3O(G3)X3  (III) R4O(G4)X4  (IV) 40 to 80% by weight of a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides of formulae (V) and (VI): R5O(G5)X5  (V) R6O(G6)X6  (VI) in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 each represent a linear or branched aliphatic radical having 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 carbon atoms respectively, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6 each represent a saccharide residue, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 and x6 each represent a number between 1 and 5;

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing emulsions of hydrolyzable silanes, such as alkoxysilanes, using an oil concentrate. The emulsifiers are initially stirred with water. An oil concentrate is then prepared by adding a hydrolyzable silane to the stirring mixture of emulsifiers and water. Additional water is then dispersed in the oil concentrate to form the desired emulsion. Emulsions prepared by this process have shelf stability that is 6 months or longer.

Abstract: A stable monophasic liquid composition characterized by the ability to solubilize increased amounts of surfactant into the composition while retaining a monophasic state, the composition comprising: one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; a hydrophobic material; and one or more coupling agents selected from the group consisting of straight, branched and cyclic alkanes containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms and substituted with two hydroxyl groups, and alkoxylates thereof containing up to 20 alkoxy units each of which is ethoxy, propoxy, or butoxy, and mixtures thereof, in an amount of the one or more coupling agents effective to increase the amount of the one or more surfactants that can be solubilized in the monophasic composition.

Abstract: Products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula IIR.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II)wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems are effective as defoamers, viscosity reducers and crystallization preventives for aqueous surfactant solutions, particularly alkyl polyglycosides.

Abstract: A stable liquid peracid precursor composition for delivering a bleaching and cleaning material is provided in which the liquid peracid precursor composition combines a dispersion medium which comprises a stabilizing effective amount of a liquid matrix and an emulsifier, and a dispersed phase that comprises a peracid precursor. The bleaching and cleaning material comprises either a hydrophobic or hydrotropic generated mono- or diperoxyacid, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are stable monophasic liquid compositions comprising water, one or more cationic, anionic, amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactants, exhibiting partial solubility in water or in concentrated formulations, and one or more coupling agents which are C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 alkane substituted with two hydroxyl groups or alkoxylates thereof with up to 20 moles of one or more of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide.

Abstract: The invention encompasses oil-in-water type emulsion formulations having decreased skin rub-in times, comprising a nonaqueous phase, an aqueous phase and an oil-in-water emulsifier, which emulsion formulation also contains a water-in-oil emulsifier.

Abstract: A homogeneous, essentially nonaqueous adjuvant composition containing at least one spray oil selected from the group consisting of: (a) vegetable oils; (b) fatty acids and blends thereof; (c) esterified fatty acids or blends thereof; (d) saponified fatty acids or blends thereof; (e) N,N-dimethylamide of the formula RCON(CH3)2 (f) polybutenes of the following formula  a surfactant in an effective amount to emulsify said composition and a buffering agent in amount sufficient to reduce the pH to below about 7.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided to facilitate the transportation and combustion of highly viscous hydrocarbons by forming reduced viscosity hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions, and in particular, bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.