Abstract: A process is described for preparing gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons with a high iso-paraffins content from syngas having a H.sub.2 /CO mol. ratio between 1.0 and 5.0 over a catalyst mixture comprising a methanol synthesis component which contains zinc and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper and aluminum and a crystalline metal silicate with ZSM-5 structure which contains SiO.sub.2 and one or more oxides of a trivalent metal A selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, gallium, rhodium, chromium and scandium, and wherein the SiO.sub.2 /A.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio is higher than 10; and which catalyst mixture has been prepared by spray-drying followed by calcining at a temperature between 425.degree. and 525.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalyst systems for the conversion of gases into useable products will comprise an iron-containing compound consisting essentially of elemental iron and a minimal amount of iron oxide. The system will also include the presence of from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of elemental copper, from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight of aluminum oxide, from about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight of vanadium oxide and from about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of a potassium-containing compound such as potassium oxide. This system will exhibit greater activity in the conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia, hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce hydrocarbons, or water and carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Conversion of the synthetic gas mixtures: carbon monoxide - hydrogen or carbondioxide - hydrogen is carried out in the presence of a catalyst constituted by the association of at least two transition metal elements with an acitve mordenite selected from among de-aluminized acid mordenites. The metal elements can be copper, zinc and chromium. The transition metal elements - active mordenite association can be employed in separate catalytic beds, the first bed being metallic in nature and the second zeolitic in nature. The process is applicable to the manufacture of organic products such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly light olefines.

Abstract: A copper-alkali metal-ruthenium supported on silica catalyst is utilized in syngas reactions to produce linear alpha-olefins in high yield.

Abstract: C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 oxygenated hydrocarbons are produced by contacting synthesis gas at a temperature in the range 150.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of 1 to 700 bars with a catalyst comprising a supported mixture of a rhodium component and a silver component. The preferred support is silica. Other metal components which may be incorporated on the support are iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, chromium, thorium and zirconium. Furthermore the support can be activated prior to incorporation of the metal components.

Abstract: An oxygenated hydrocarbon product comprising methanol and ethanol is produced by hydrogenating carbon monoxide at a temperature in the range 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure in the range 1 to 700 bars in the presence as catalyst of a supported mixture of the metals rhodium, silver, zirconium and molybdenum and optionally also one or more of the metals iron, manganese, rhenium, tungsten, ruthenium, chromium, thorium and potassium. The preferred support is silica.

Abstract: A process for converting synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbons using a catalyst prepared from synthetic layered aluminosilicate having a montmorillonite-type structure and containing cobalt substituted in the crystal lattice and activated for the conversion by a sequential reduction, oxidation and reduction treatment.

Abstract: Process for conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in general and to aromatics rich gasoline in particular by contacting the gas with a catalyst composition comprising gallium oxide and/or indium oxide and at least one additional oxide of a metal from Group IB-VIIB or VIII of the Periodic Table. Cerium, thorium, and uranium are the preferred additional metals. The catalyst composition may optionally contain a further component e.g. a zeolite which in some cases can also act as a support. The present process (i) results in a low make of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 hydrocarbons, (ii) is capable of using synthesis gas which has a low H.sub.2 :CO ratio, and (iii) gives a higher conversion of CO than achieved hitherto under similar conditions.

Abstract: Gas conversion catalysts which possess a high resistance to catalyst poisoning such as sulfur and/or chlorine-containing compounds, comprise a catalyst composite of copper, zinc and aluminum compounds containing at least one metal selected from the metals consisting of groups IVB, VB, VIB and VIIB of the Periodic Table. This catalyst composition may be used to synthesize methanol from a feedstock of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols of "fuel grade" from CO and H.sub.2.To reduce the water content in the mixture coming from the synthesis reactor of the synthesis of the alcohols, the reaction product is cooled down and is fed to a secondary reactor wherein the conversion reactionCO+H.sub.2 O.revreaction.CO.sub.2 +H.sub.2is carried on in conditions near to equilibrium.The further product of reaction is cooled in a more thorough manner so as to obtain a liquid phase constituted by the "fuel grade" mixture of alcohols and a gaseous phase which after the discharge of the inert substances and after elimination of the CO.sub.2 is recycled to the synthesis reactor.In the secondary conversion reactor operation is carried out with a temperature comprised between 150.degree. C. and 250.degree. C., at a pressure equal to that of the synthesis reactor and in the presence of a copper catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons and especially as gasoline are prepared by the catalytic conversion in two subsequent reactors of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides and having a mole ratio CO/H.sub.2 above 1 and when the conversion commences a mole ratio CO/CO.sub.2 of 5 to 20. In the first reactor, which is preferably a cooled reactor, the synthesis gas is converted into a methane-containing first intermediate and this at least partly further into a second intermediate containing dimethyl ether, at 5-100 bar and 150.degree.-400.degree. C., in the presence of catalyst(s), the effluent from this reactor is combined with a recycle stream containing low boiling components of the effluent from the second reactor, and then passed to the second reactor, which is adiabatic, where the conversion of the second intermediate is carried out at substantially the same pressure as in the first reactor and 150.degree.-600.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for the upgrading of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons, particularly olefins and carboxylic acids by contacting synthesis gas with catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of ruthenium, copper, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and optionally a metal selected from Ce, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Th, Zn or mixtures thereof. The synthesis gas upgrading product may be contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to provide alkanes, alcohols and esters, useful for fuels.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of mixtures which include saturated aliphatic alcohols is disclosed. In the first step of the process, the first catalyst activation stage, a catalyst, which comprises the oxides of copper, zinc, aluminum, potassium and one or two additional metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, magnesium, cerium, cobalt, thorium and lanthanum, is partially activated. In this step, a reducing gas stream, which includes hydrogen and at least one inert gas, flows past the catalyst at a space velocity of up to 5,000 liters (STP) per hour, per kilogram of catalyst. The partially activated catalyst is then subjected to the second step of the process, second-stage catalyst activation. In this step, the catalyst is contacted by an activation gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide present in a volume ratio of 0.5:1 and 4:1, respectively, at a temperature of 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure of between 35 and 200 atmospheres.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted to an exclusively hydrocarbon product with selectivity to ethane by the use of a catalyst which comprises a zeolite and a metal component distributed within the pore structure of the zeolite. The preferred zeolites have a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and a silica:alumina ratio of at least 12:1 and of these ZSM-5 is preferred. The metal component which may be introduced into the zeolite by impregnation from liquid ammonia solutions, is preferably chromium, zinc and aluminum, optionally with potassium.

Abstract: A process for the production of a "fuel grade" mixture of methanol and higher alcohols from CO and H.sub.2.To reduce the amount of water contained in the mixture coming from the synthesis reactor of the alcohol synthesis the reaction product is cooled and fed to a secondary reactor wherein the reaction of conversion:CO+H.sub.2 O.revreaction.CO.sub.2 +H.sub.2is conducted in conditions near to equilibrium.The further reaction product is cooled down further so as to obtain a liquid phase constituted by the alcohols, and in which there are still dissolved some gases, and a gaseous phase containing the carbon dioxide produced in the secondary reactor together with the non-reacted gases. The gaseous phase is sent to a section of absorption of the CO.sub.2 wherein the absorbing liquid is constituted by the very alcoholic mixture produced; after removal of the CO.sub.2 the gas is partly recycled and partly let off in order to avoid the accumulation of inert gases contained in the feeding mixture.

Abstract: Catalyst for heterogeneous synthesis and more particularly for the preparation of oxygenated compounds from synthesis gas (substantially H.sub.2 and CO and CO.sub.2), based on the general formula:CuTi.sub.a M.sub.b A.sub.cin which M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chrome, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, rhodium platinum and iron, A is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, a is comprised within 0.1 and 0.5 and b and c may vary between 0 and 0.2.Application of these catalysts for the preparation of higher alcohol mixtures (fuel grade) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 when b and c are zero, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 (for about 50%) and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 (for the other 50%) when b and c are other than zero.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted with high selectivity to higher alcohols over a three component oxide catalyst based on(i) copper(ii) a metal of Group VIA, VIIA or VIIIA(iii) a metal of Group IVA or VA.The preferred catalyst is based on copper, cobalt and zirconium with the first two components being formed by co-precipitation in the presence of the oxide third component.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methanol by reacting a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure over a catalyst which contains zinc, copper and aluminum, the catalyst being prepared from a co-crystalline material of the formulaCu.sub.2.2 Zn.sub.2.8 (OH).sub.6 (CO.sub.3).sub.2,containing aluminum hydroxide as a structual promoter, by calcination and reduction at from 160.degree. to 350.degree. C. The novel catalyst has the advantage of giving a substantially increased space-time yield and having a longer life.

Abstract: Dimethyl ether is produced from syngas in high yield utilizing a physical mixture of two catalyst components: a first component comprising copper-zinc and alkali metal supported on alumina, and a second component comprising tungsten oxide supported on silica-alumina.

Abstract: Improved process for reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The reactant gases circulate downwardly in admixture with a liquid phase of inert diluent through a fixed bed catalyst. The superficial velocity of each of the gas phase and the liquid phase is at least 1.5 cm per second, preferably 3 to 20 cm per second. The products are hydrocarbons, for example methane, or alcohols, for example methanol, depending on the catalyst.

Abstract: A process of methanol or ammonia synthesis utilizing a reactor, which reactor comprises at least one cylindrical catalyst bed having a height not greater than half its over-all diameter and defined on its underside by a grid supported by a dished plate having peripheral mechanical connection to a downward extension of the bed wall. Preferably there are several such beds and an indirect heat exchanger upstream of the downstream-most bed. The reactor is suitably 5-10 m in diameter and is especially for use at under 120 bar abs in an integrated process for producing methanol and ammonia.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using a catalyst combination containing one or more metal components with catalytic activity for the conversion of an H.sub.2 /CO mixture into acyclic hydrocarbons, e.g., Ru, Co, Fe, Ni and Cr, and as carrier a laminar compound capable of absorbing metal ions or metal salts by intercalation. Preferably the laminar compound is a laminar crystalline silicate, e.g., magadiite.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture and/or conversion of hydrocarbons comprises contacting as feed any of: a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, acyclic organic compounds, hydrocarbon compounds, and mixtures thereof, under conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising silicalite.

Abstract: An unsupported particulate catalyst especially useful for methanation reactions is prepared by a method comprising fluid-bed roasting agglomerates of nickel sulfide to form a particulate precursor material which can be reduced to composite particles consisting essentially of a nickel-oxide core with a then coherent adherent layer of nickel thereon, the reduced particles being characterized at the surface by the presence of microcapillary pores interconnecting with each other and the outer surface of the particles.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of synthesis gas is provided wherein olefin and oxygenated hydrocarbons, particularly alcohol and carboxylic acid, products predominate. The process includes contacting synthesis gas at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising partially reduced ruthenium oxide and elemental gold. The products may be recovered and contacted with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to yield alkanes, alcohols and esters useful for fuels.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising the mixed oxides of ruthenium, copper, at least one alkali metal and at least one of rhodium, iridium, palladium, and platinum are provided which are useful in the upgrading of synthesis gas, particularly for obtaining alkanes and alcohols.

Abstract: A method is provided to promote, stabilize and strengthen metal catalysts used in the fluidized bed process for methanol synthesis which comprises the dipping of such catalysts into an alcoholic solution of metal alkoxide salt. The resulting improved catalyst is characterized by high density, low loss on attrition, and improved stability and catalytic activity.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for producing dimethyl ether from syngas which catalyst comprises copper and zinc supported on a gamma alumina with a surface area of about 150-500 m.sup.2 /g and which has been calcined at a temperature of about 400.degree.-900.degree. C. and reduced at a temperature of about 100.degree.-275.degree. C. and wherein said catalyst has a sodium content of less than about 700 ppm.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline iron silicates with certain critical ratios of components in the starting mixture results in silicates having improved catalytic properties in conversion processes.

Abstract: A method of controlling the equilibrium conditions and of simultaneously producing steam under high pressure in the production of methanol by a reaction of oxides of carbon and of hydrogen-containing gases at temperatures of 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. under a pressure of 20 to 100 bars at a copper-containing catalyst, which is contained within the reactor in tubes, which are indirectly cooled by boiling water under pressure, wherein the resulting steam is withdrawn together with circulating water and is separated from the water, the water is recycled and the evaporated water is replaced by feed water. According to the invention the process is carried out in such a manner that a perforated thin intermediate bottom plate is provided in the reactor spaced 20 to 150 cm over the lower tube plate, the reactor is fed with the circulating water above that intermediate bottom and with feed water below that intermediate bottom, the gaseous reaction mixture is cooled by 20.degree. to 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a low temperature catalyst suitable to synthesize methanol or mixtures of methanol and dimethyl ether, comprising forming an alloy containing 35 to 60%, preferably 44 to 50%, by weight of aluminium, 0.1 to 25%, preferably 13 to 17%, by weight of zinc and the remainder being substantially all copper and extracting the alloy with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, preferably at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of from 50.degree. to 80.degree. C., preferably from 65.degree. to 75.degree. C.The resultant novel catalyst is used to produce methanol or a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether by a process comprising contacting the catalyst with a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, with hydrogen. This reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 290.degree. C. and a pressure of from 1500 to 7500 kPa and linear hourly space times of from 0.001 to 0.5 hours.

Abstract: A fixed-bed catalytic material comprises iron impregnated Alundum carrying a coating of copper oxide on its outside surfaces. By means of the coating, the growth of carbon fibers as a result of the disproportionation of carbon monoxide is restricted to the interior surfaces of the catalyst particles.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a low temperature catalyst suitable to synthesize methanol or mixtures of methanol and dimethyl ether, comprising forming an alloy containing 35 to 60%, preferably 44 to 50%, by weight of aluminium, 0.1 to 25%, preferably 13 to 17%, by weight of zinc and the remainder being substantially all copper and extracting the alloy with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, preferably at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of from 50.degree. to 80.degree. C., preferably from 65.degree. to 75.degree. C.The resultant novel catalyst is used to produce methanol or a mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether by a process comprising contacting the catalyst with a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof, with hydrogen. This reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 290.degree. C. and a pressure of from 1500 to 7500 kPa and linear hourly space times of from 0.001 to 0.5 hours.

Abstract: Methanol is produced by gasifying a carbonaceous feed material with steam in the presence of a carbon-alkali metal catalyst and added hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature between about 1000.degree. F. and about 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a constituent for motor car gasoline from a synthesis gas containing essentially carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising producing methanol and its higher homologs by treatment of said synthesis gas in a first catalytic reaction zone at 230.degree.-350.degree. C., cooling and condensing the effluent therefrom, separating from the liquid condensate a gas fraction, treating the latter at 240.degree.-300.degree. C. in a second catalytic reaction zone to produce a liquid methanol fraction and admixing said methanol fraction with said liquid condensate to form said gasoline constituent.

Abstract: This invention relates to new bimetallic cluster compounds of the formulaL.sub.2 M.sub.2 Ru.sub.6 C(CO).sub.16wherein L is RCN, R being C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aralkyl or phenyl, and M is copper, silver or gold. These compounds are useful as homogeneous catalysts for converting synthesis gas to methanol.

Abstract: Methanol is produced from an organic waste material such as sewage by a process wherein an arc heater or "plasma jet" performs novel process steps including: (1) partially vaporizing an organic sewage sludge (a semi-liquid material produced by bacterial digestion of the sewage); (2) reacting the gas products obtained by the sludge vaporization, together with a digester gas (obtained by digestion of the sewage), to form a synthesis gas comprising principally H.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O and CH.sub.4, and (3) optionally, driving a water shift reaction to convert a portion of the output gases to additional H.sub.2 and CO for use as a feed stream to the jet. The synthesis gas is converted to methanol in a subsequent process step.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture by contacting in a first stage a feed mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with an H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio of less than 1.0 with a trifunctional catalyst combination containing (a) at least one metal component having catalytic activity for conversions of a H.sub.2 /CO mixture into acyclic hydrocarbons, and/or acyclic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, (b) at least one metal component for the conversion of an H.sub.2 O/CO mixture into an H.sub.2 /CO mixture, and (c) a certain crystalline silicate containing at least one trivalent metal selected from aluminum, iron, gallium, rhodium, chromium and scandium, wherein the molar ratio of the trivalent metal oxide to silica is less than 0.1; adjusting the H.sub.2 /CO molar to at least 1.5 by adding H.sub.2 O, if necessary; followed by contacting in a second stage at least the C.sub.

Abstract: Lanthanum rhodate, or metal substituted lanthanum rhodate, having a perovskite structure is a highly active catalyst for the production of methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The lanthanum rhodate displays excellent stability and excellent selectivity to methanol.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing alcohols by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst containing from 20 to 60% of copper, from 5 to 50% of cobalt, from 5 to 30% of a metal selected from chromium, iron, vanadium and manganese, from 5 to 40% of a rare earth metal, from 0.1 to 5% of an alkali or earth-alkali metal and, optionally, zinc and/or a noble metal from group VIII and/or a binder selected from alumina, magnesia and cements.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing synthetic hydrocarbons such as gasoline and/or kerosene from the synthesis of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide is obtained from the atmosphere while the hydrogen is obtained during the electrolysis of water. An intermediate fuel, namely methyl alcohol may be stored for use or upgraded to higher heating value hydrocarbons by a catalytic conversion.

Abstract: A methanol synthesis catalyst which comprises a major portion by weight of the oxides of copper and zinc and a minor portion by weight of a thermal stabilizing metal oxide is useful for the synthesis of methanol from the oxides of carbon and hydrogen at relatively low temperatures. The catalyst is characterized in that the ratio of copper oxide to zinc oxide, each expressed as a metal by weight, is in the range of from 2:1 to 3.5:1 and by the intimate association with each other of copper and zinc oxides and with said thermal stabilizing oxide. Further, the catalyst is characterized in that the amount of iron oxides, as an impurity, is less than 150 parts per million.