Abstract: This invention improves prior methods of making cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide catalysts for alcohol production from syngas. In one aspect, improved methods are provided for making preferred cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide compositions. In another aspect, processes utilizing these catalysts for producing at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol, from syngas are described.

Abstract: A catalyst composition contains an active metal on a support including a high surface area substrate and an interstitial compound, for example molybdenum carbide. Pt—Mo2C/Al2O3 catalysts are described. The catalyst systems and compositions are useful for carrying out reactions generally related to the water gas shift reaction (WGS) and to the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) process.

Abstract: A new method of producing liquid transportation fuels from coal and other hydrocarbons that significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions by combining Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with catalytic dehydrogenation is claimed. Catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) of the gaseous products (C1-C4) of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) can produce large quantities of hydrogen while converting the carbon to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Incorporation of CDH into a FTS-CDH plant converting coal to liquid fuels can eliminate all or most of the CO2 emissions from the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction that is currently used to elevate the H2 level of coal-derived syngas for FTS. Additionally, the FTS-CDH process saves large amounts of water used by the WGS reaction and produces a valuable by-product, MWCNT.

Abstract: The present application includes alkali metal-promoted trimetallic catalysts for higher alcohol synthesis from synthesis gas, the catalyst comprising a catalyst of Formula (1): A-M1-M2-M3.

Abstract: Process for converting carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks to oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds, in the presence of a particulate catalyst, by reacting carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen in the presence of a particulate catalyst in a conversion reactor to form products containing oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds. Ether(s) selected from ethyl, propyl and butyl ether are added and reacted inside the conversion reactor.

Abstract: Enhanced mixed metal catalysts are provided which allow high conversions of carbon dioxide to methane, in some cases up to about 100% conversion. Methods of preparing enhanced mixed metal catalysts comprise a series of steps involving combining nickel and chromium salts with a nucleation promoter in a base environment to form a gel, allowing the gel to digest to form a solid and a mother liquor, isolating the solid, washing the solid, drying the solid, and thermally treating the solid to form a nickel-chromium catalyst. Methanation processes using the catalysts are also provided. The enhanced mixed metal catalysts provide more efficient conversion and lower operating temperatures for carbon dioxide methanation when compared to conventional methanation catalysts. Additionally, these enhanced catalyst formulations allow realization of higher value product from captured carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid fuels includes the steps of gasifying a starting material selected from a group consisting of coal, biomass, carbon nanotubes and mixtures thereof to produce a syngas, subjecting that syngas to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) to produce a hyrdrocarbon product stream, separating that hydrocarbon product stream into C1-C4 hydrocarbons and C5+ hydrocarbons to be used as liquid fuels and subjecting the C1-C4 hydrocarbons to catalytic dehydrogenation (CDH) to produce hydrogen and carbon nanotubes. The hydrogen produced by CDH is recycled to be mixed with the syngas incident to the FTS reactor in order to raise the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of the syngas to values of 2 or higher, which is required to produce liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This is accomplished with little or no production of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Abstract: A method for forming a cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst involves precipitating a cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species by turbulent mixing, during which a basic solution collides with an acidic solution comprising cobalt. The method further involves depositing the cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species onto an acidic support to provide a catalyst comprising cobalt and the acidic support. The acidic support comprises a zeolite, a molecular sieve, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting carbon dioxide to methane. The method comprises exposing carbon dioxide adsorbed on a nanoporous silicate matrix to light in the presence of a source of carbon dioxide and a source of hydrogen for a time and under conditions sufficient to convert carbon dioxide to methane. The matrix contains at least one photochromic metal oxide entity, and contains a C1 impurity site. The light has a wavelength of about 437 nm to about 1200 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulphided multi-metallic catalyst, a process for obtaining it by preparing a metal mixture and subsequent sulphidation thereof and its use in a process for producing higher alcohols (C2+), mainly ethanol, through the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sulphided multi-metallic catalyst, the process for obtaining it by sulphidation of a multi-metallic solid and use thereof in a process for producing higher alcohols (C2+), mainly ethanol, through the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method for forming a cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst involves precipitating a cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species by turbulent mixing, during which a basic solution collides with an acidic solution comprising cobalt. The method further involves depositing the cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species onto a support material to provide a catalyst comprising cobalt and the support material. The support material comprises one or more of alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, zirconia, ceria-zirconia, and magnesium aluminate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing methanol, dimethyl ether, and low carbon olefins from syngas, wherein the process comprises the step of contacting syngas with a catalyst under the conditions for converting the syngas into methanol, dimethyl ether, and low carbon olefins, characterized in that, the catalyst contains an amorphous alloy consisting of a first component Al and a second component, said second component being one or more elements or oxides thereof selected from Group IA, IIIA, IVA, VA, IB, IIB, IVB, VB, VIIB, VIIB, VIII, and Lanthanide series of the Periodic Table of Elements, and said second component being different from the first component Al. According to the present process, the syngas can be converted into methanol, dimethyl ether, and low carbon olefins in a high CO conversion, a high selectivity of the target product, and high carbon availability.

Abstract: Carried catalysts for producing alcohols from gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, e.g., syngas, are made from precursors of a particulate inert porous catalyst substrate impregnated with the oxides or salts of molybdenum, cobalt, and a promoter alkali or alkaline earth metal, in a molybdenum to cobalt molar ratio of from about 2:1 to about 1:1, preferably about 1.5:1, and in a cobalt to alkali metal molar ratio of from about 1:0.08 to about 1:0.30, preferably about 1:0.26-0.28. The catalysts are “activated” by reducing the catalyst precursor material in a reducing environment at from about 600° C. to about 900° C., preferably about 800° C. Alcohols are produced by passing gas mixtures containing at least CO and H2 in ratios of from 1:1 to 3:1 through a reactor containing the catalyst, at from about 240° C. to about 270° C., and a pressure of 1000-1200 psi.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for simplifying manufacture of a mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate product from synthesis gas. The mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate product contains ethanol and other oxygenates with two or more carbon atoms per molecule. The method includes stripping a portion of carbon dioxide and inert gases contained in a mixed alcohol synthesis reaction product using a methanol-containing stream, such as one produced as part of the method, as a medium to absorb said carbon dioxide and inert gases and recycling light products and heavy products to one or more of synthesis gas generation, mixed alcohol synthesis and separation of desired mixed alcohol or mixed oxygenate products from other components of a mixed alcohol synthesis stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of ethanol whereby synthesis gas is reacted to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in the presence of a compound catalyst at a temperature in the range of 250° C. to 350° C. and a pressure of 1 atm. to 20 atm.

Abstract: A process for sulfiding a cobalt-molybdenum bulk catalyst precursor to form a bulk sulfided alcohol synthesis catalyst. The process steps include contacting an oxidic bulk cobalt-molybdenum catalyst precursor with an amount of a sulfur-containing compound which is in the range of about 1 to about 10 moles of sulfur per mole of metals, at one or more temperatures at or in excess of about 300° C. in a medium which is substantially devoid of added hydrogen, so as to form a sulfided bulk cobalt-molybdenum catalyst product. Also described are processes for forming the catalyst precursor, processes for producing an alcohol using the catalyst product and the catalyst product itself.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting synthesis gas to liquid hydrocarbon mixtures useful as distillate fuel and/or lube base oil containing no greater than about 25 wt % olefins and containing no greater than about 5 wt % C21+ normal paraffins. The synthesis gas is contacted with a synthesis gas conversion catalyst comprising a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis component and an acidic component in an upstream catalyst bed thereby producing a wax-free liquid containing a paraffin component and an olefin component. The olefin component is saturated by contacting the liquid with an olefin saturation catalyst in a downstream catalyst bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) et hydrogen containing feedstocks to oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of a particulate catalyst. In particular, the present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) (CO et CO2) et hydrogen containing feedstocks, e.g. Synthesis gas or syngas, to alcohols in the presence of a particulate modified molybdenum sulphide based catalyst and/or a modified methanol based catalyst and/or a modified Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and/or a precious metal based catalyst (e.g. rhodium).

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the inventive technology focuses on a new composition that comprises hexagonally close packed molybdenum carbide crystals, in addition to metallic nickel crystals and/or sodium, and having use as a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch process to produce alcohol. At least one embodiment of a related aspect of the inventive technology is a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen using the aforementioned composition to catalyze reactions producing higher alcohols.

Abstract: Provided is a process for continuously preparing methyl mercaptan by reacting a reactant mixture comprising solid, liquid and/or gaseous carbon- and/or hydrogen-containing compounds with air or oxygen, and/or water and sulfur.

Abstract: A process of form hydrocarbons boiling to the gasoline range and reducing or eliminating net CO2 production during isosynthesis over a ZnO—Cr2O3 plus ZSM-5 catalyst by adding from about 5% to about 15% CO2 to the synthesis gas mixture prior to contact to with catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalyst compositions, and methods of using the catalyst compositions. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur. Preferred catalyst compositions for converting syngas into alcohols include cobalt associated with sulfide in certain preferred stoichiometries as described and taught herein.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to catalysts and preparation of the catalysts, which are defined by sulfides of a transition metal, such as one of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Precursors for the catalysts include a metal ion source compound, such as molybdenum trioxide, and a sulfide ion source compound, such as thioacetamide. Once the precursors are dissolved if solid and combined in a mixture, homogenous precipitation from the mixture forms the catalysts. Exemplary uses of the catalysts include packing for a methanation reactor that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methane.

Abstract: A process is described for converting synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons via methanol as an intermediate, by contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst system containing a mixture of gallium silicate zeolite catalyst and a methanol catalyst. The process results in reduced amounts of undesirable low carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g., C4 and lower, undesirable high carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g., C10 and higher, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The process provides higher yields of useful, high octane hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to catalysts and preparation of the catalysts, which are defined by sulfides of a transition metal, such as one of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Precipitation forms the catalysts and occurs in a slurry media in which the pH is adjusted. Exemplary uses of the catalysts include packing for a methanation reactor that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methane.

Abstract: Catalytic structures include a catalytic material disposed within a zeolite material. The catalytic material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of methanol from carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, and the zeolite material may be capable of catalyzing a formation of hydrocarbon molecules from methanol. The catalytic material may include copper and zinc oxide. The zeolite material may include a first plurality of pores substantially defined by a crystal structure of the zeolite material and a second plurality of pores dispersed throughout the zeolite material. Systems for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules also include catalytic structures. Methods for synthesizing hydrocarbon molecules include contacting hydrogen and at least one of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide with such catalytic structures.

Abstract: At least one embodiment of the inventive technology focuses on a new composition that comprises hexagonally close packed molybdenum carbide crystals, in addition to metallic nickel crystals and/or sodium, and having use as a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch process to produce alcohol. At least one embodiment of a related aspect of the inventive technology is a Fischer-Tropsch reaction to produce alcohols from carbon monoxide and hydrogen using the aforementioned composition to catalyze reactions producing higher alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

Abstract: Gasses containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into hydrocarbons using a reactor vessel having a liquid, a catalyst dispersed in the liquid, and a sonic mixing system interfaced with the reactor vessel. The sonic mixing system is used to agitate the mixture. In combination with the catalysts, the agitation increases reaction kinetics, thereby promoting chemical reactions used to efficiently convert gasses containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts including techniques to maintain catalyst stability. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur, and avoid metal carbides both initially and during reactor operation.

Abstract: A process is described for converting synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons via methanol as an intermediate, by contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst system containing a mixture of gallium silicate zeolite catalyst and a methanol catalyst. The process results in reduced amounts of undesirable low carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g., C4 and lower, undesirable high carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g., C10 and higher, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The process provides higher yields of useful, high octane hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing methanol from a methane source by oxidizing methane under conditions sufficient to a mixture of methanol and formaldehyde while minimizing the formation of formic acid and carbon dioxide. The oxidation step is followed by treatment step in which formaldehyde is converted into methanol and formic acid which itself can further be converted into methanol via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediately formed methyl formate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks to oxygen containing hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of a particulate catalyst. In particular, the present invention relates to an improved process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) (CO and CO2) and hydrogen containing feedstocks, e.g. synthesis gas or syngas, to alcohols in the presence of a particulate modified molybdenum sulphide based catalyst, or a modified methanol based catalyst and/or a modified Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and/or a precious metal (e.g. rhodium) based catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making a methanol product from a synthesis gas (syngas) feed using a fast fluid bed reactor. The reactor is operated at substantially plug flow type behavior. The heat from circulated catalyst is sufficient to initiate the reaction process with little to no preheating of feed required. In addition, little if any internal reactor cooling is needed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst carrier, catalyst and catalyst precursor comprising a refractory metal oxide and support structure comprising a wire gauze having between 1002 to 6002 openings per inch2, and having a wire thickness in the range of 20 micrometer to 110 micrometer. The volume of the support structure is less than 50% of the volume of the catalyst carrier and at least 70% of said openings are filled with the refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided the use of a source of chromium in combination with a precipitated iron catalyst in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process to convert CO and H2 to hydrocarbons and possibly oxygenates thereof. In the process CO and H2 are contacted with the source of chromium in combination with the precipitated iron catalyst in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The invention also relates to the use of a source of chromium in the preparation of a precipitated iron catalyst for use in high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process and to a precipitated iron catalyst suitable for use in a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch process which contains a source of chromium.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making a methanol product from a synthesis gas (syngas) feed using a fluid bed reactor. Internal reactor heat transfer is balanced between feed preheat and catalyst bed temperature using appropriate backmixing of feed and catalyst. Backmixing can be appropriately controlled using a number of control points, including any one or more of superficial gas velocity, catalyst density in the reactor, reactor height to diameter ratio (preferably at least in the region of the dense catalyst bed), and catalyst particle size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide which comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and cobalt as active component and a support material based on carbon. The invention further provides for the use of this catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide and in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: In one aspect of this invention, catalytic compositions produced by calcining intermediates of the formula [NR4]x[M12M2S8] are provided, wherein M1 is Mo or W; M2 is Co, Ni, or Pd; x is 2 or 3; and R is a C3-C8 alkyl group. Another aspect provides catalytic compositions produced by calcining intermediates of the formula Ax[M12M2S8], wherein A is selected from K, Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba. Also provided are methods for making the compositions, and methods of using the compositions for the catalytic conversion of syngas into C1-C4 alcohols such as ethanol.

Abstract: Process for the production of hybrid catalysts formed by mixing two catalysts; one active in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the other being bifunctional. Such hybrid catalyst thus formed is active both in hydrocracking and in hydroisomerisation reactions. The present invention in addition provides obtainment of a hybrid catalyst and application thereof conjointly with FT catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions. The hybrid catalyst of the present invention is capable of producing in conditions typically such as those utilised in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis branched hydrocarbons in diverse bands relating to the products thereof (for example naphtha and diesel), reducing or even eliminating necessity for a subsequent hydrotreatment stage in such synthesis reactions.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided than can include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition, with the reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and product composition including a carbonyl compound. The catalyst composition can include one or more elements of groups 5 and 6 of the periodic table of elements. Catalyst compositions are provided that can include one or more of niobia, hydrated niobia, tungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, and phosphomolybdic acid.

Abstract: A method for producing DME, which comprises separating a CO2 rich stream from a crude product stream containing DME and CO2 obtained by a DME synthesis from a feed syn gas; introducing the CO2 rich stream to a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor wherein it is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of an oxide catalyst of either ZnO or NiO to provide a CO rich stream, and recycling the CO rich stream to the step of the methanol synthesis step.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for making a stabilized transition alumina of enhanced hydrothermal stability, which include the introduction of at least one structural stabilizer; a steaming step before or after the introduction step, wherein steaming is effective in transforming a transition alumina at least partially to boehmite and/or pseudoboehmite; and a calcining step to create a stabilized transition alumina. The combination of the structural stabilizer and the steaming step is believed to impart high hydrothermal stability to the alumina crystal lattice. Particularly preferred structural stabilizers include boron, cobalt, and zirconium. The stabilized transition alumina is useful as a catalyst support for high water partial pressure environments, and is particularly useful for making a catalyst having improved hydrothermal stability. The invention more specifically discloses Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and processes for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.

Abstract: In a process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst comprising a metal and a support comprising silicon carbide, the support comprises more than 50% by weight of silicon carbide in the beta form. A process for the conversion of carbon monoxide to C2+ hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst the effluent thus obtained are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions and methods for F-T synthesis which exhibit high CO conversion with minor levels (preferably less than 35% and more preferably less than 5%) or no measurable carbon dioxide generation. F-T active catalysts are prepared by reduction of certain oxygen deficient mixed metal oxides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of a modified supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide which comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, nickel and cobalt as active component and a support material based on carbon. The invention further provides for the use of this catalytically active composition for the selective methanation of carbon monoxide and in the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing methanol. The methanol product that is produced according to this invention is achieved with a high conversion of synthesis gas. The high conversion of synthesis gas is achieved by flowing a liquid layer across a plurality of catalyst beds countercurrent to the gas flow. The gas containing methanol product exiting each bed flows through the liquid layer. The liquid acts to extract methanol from the gas, as well as cool the gas.