Abstract: There are disclosed catalyst formulations and methods for the preparation of oxygenated lower aliphatic compounds. The methods comprise applying a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a catalyst formulation under reaction conditions, wherein the catalyst formulation is a solid which may comprise: an active metal, a mixed metal component comprising one or more of a metal A, a metal B, a metal C, and a promoter. In certain embodiments one or more of the metals and the promoter may be present as compounds. In a first embodiment the catalyst comprises a noble metal and an alkali metal promoter, mixed oxides of cerium, zirconium and molybdenum, and an alkali metal promoter. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be reacted in the presence of the catalysts disclosed to produce mixtures enriched in lower aliphatic alcohols and particularly ethanol. Various catalyst preparation methods are disclosed including autoignition and gel-sol methods.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making a methanol product from a synthesis gas (syngas) feed using a fast fluid bed reactor. The reactor is operated at substantially plug flow type behavior. The heat from circulated catalyst is sufficient to initiate the reaction process with little to no preheating of feed required. In addition, little if any internal reactor cooling is needed.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for producing C1 to C4 alcohols, optionally in a mixed alcohol stream, and optionally converting the alcohols to light olefins. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing a first portion of a syngas stream to a methanol synthesis zone wherein methanol is synthesized. A second portion of the syngas stream is directed to a fuel alcohol synthesis zone wherein fuel alcohol is synthesized. The methanol and at least a portion of the fuel alcohol are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: A process for preparing and using a cobalt slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes introducing a modifying component Mc into a catalyst support precursor, followed by shaping and calcination, to obtain a catalyst support. The catalyst support is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a cobalt salt, to form an impregnated support which is partially dried and calcined, to obtain a catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced to form a cobalt slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. A synthesis gas is contacted with this catalyst in a slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, and a clean wax product that contains less than 50 mass ppm submicron particulates of cobalt is obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of dimethylether from hydrocarbons, including tri-reforming a feedstock mixture comprised of hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and water vapor in the presence of a tri-reforming catalyst, to prepare a syngas, which then undergoes gas-phase direct synthesis into dimethylether in one step in the presence of a hybrid catalyst. According to the process of this invention, three main processes among typical syngas preparation processes are simultaneously performed, and then, the syngas thus obtained is prepared into dimethylether through a direct reaction in one step, thereby decreasing the apparatus cost and operation cost. In addition, all of the carbon dioxide separated and recovered from the unreacted material and by-products may be reused as reaction material, thus decreasing the generation of carbon dioxide and reducing the material cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides various processes for producing light olefins from methanol and ethanol, optionally in a mixed alcohol stream. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing a first syngas stream to a methanol synthesis zone to form methanol and directing a second syngas stream and methanol to a homologation zone to form ethanol. The methanol and ethanol are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol is described in which a hydrocarbon is steam reformed in a reforming zone, and during the reforming stage, of a cyclic steam reformer having a reforming stage and a regeneration stage, the steam reforming being conducted under conditions effective to produce a first effluent stream containing synthesis gas. A fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combusted in the regeneration stage of the reformer so as to reheat the reforming zone to a temperature sufficient for the reforming stage and generate a flue gas. At least part of the first effluent stream is contacted with a methanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to convert synthesis gas to methanol and form a methanol-containing stream and a tail gas stream comprising unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for processing agricultural waste to make alcohol and/or biodiesel. The agricultural wastes are subjected to anaerobic digestion which produces a biogas stream containing methane, which is subsequently reformed to a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is converted to an alcohol which may be stored, sold, used, or fed directly to a reactor for production of biodiesel. The solids effluent from the anaerobic digester can be further utilized as slow release, organic certified fertilizer. Additionally, the wastewater from the process is acceptable for immediate reuse in agricultural operations.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol is described in which a hydrocarbon is steam reformed in a reforming zone, and during the reforming stage, of a cyclic steam reformer having a reforming stage and a regeneration stage, the steam reforming being conducted under conditions effective to produce a first effluent stream containing synthesis gas. Fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combusted in the regeneration stage of the reformer so as to reheat the reforming zone to a temperature sufficient for the reforming stage and generate a flue gas. At least part of the first effluent stream is contacted with a methanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to convert synthesis gas to methanol and form a methanol-containing stream and a tail gas stream comprising unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At least part of the tail gas stream is recycled as fuel for the regeneration stage of the cyclic steam reformer.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting a reactant composition comprising H2 and CO to a product comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms, the process comprising: flowing the reactant composition through a microchannel reactor in contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to convert the reactant composition to the product, the microchannel reactor comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing the catalyst; transferring heat from the process microchannels to a heat exchanger; and removing the product from the microchannel reactor; the process producing at least about 0.5 gram of aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms per gram of catalyst per hour; the selectivity to methane in the product being less than about 25%. The disclosed invention also relates to a supported catalyst comprising Co, and a microchannel reactor comprising at least one process microchannel and at least one adjacent heat exchange zone.

Abstract: According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention features a bulk catalyst that includes precipitated cobalt metal. The precipitated cobalt catalyst further includes a textural promoter, a binder and optionally a Group I metal. The method of making the catalyst is optimized so as to enhance attrition resistance and improve activity. According to some embodiments, the present catalyst is made by a method that includes one or a combination of: calcination under optimized temperature conditions; exposure to an acidic solution; and addition of a binder to a suspension of a precipitate. According to some embodiments, a Fischer-Tropsch process includes contacting the present catalyst with a feed stream containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen so as to produce hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A hydrothermally-stable catalyst, method for making the same, and process for producing hydrocarbon, wherein the catalyst is used in synthesis gas conversion to hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, the method comprises depositing a compound of a catalytic metal selected from Groups 8, 9, and 10 of the Periodic Table on a support material comprising boehmite to form a composite material; and calcining the composite material to form the catalyst. In other embodiments, the support material comprises synthetic boehmite, natural boehmite, pseudo-boehmite, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: CO2 emissions from syngas conversion processes are reduced by use of a multi-stage Fischer-Tropsch reaction system. A process for the conversion of syngas using a Fischer-Tropsch reactor comprises forming a first syngas and reacting at least a portion of the first syngas in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to form a first hydrocarbonaceous product and a second syngas. The second syngas is mixed with a hydrogen-containing stream to provide an adjusted syngas, at least a portion of which is reacted in a dual functional syngas conversion reactor to form a second hydrocarbonaceous product and a third syngas comprising a reduced amount of CO2 than was present in the adjusted syngas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for processing agricultural waste to make alcohol and/or biodiesel. The agricultural wastes are subjected to anaerobic digestion which produces a biogas stream containing methane, which is subsequently reformed to a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is converted to an alcohol which may be stored, sold, used, or fed directly to a reactor for production of biodiesel. The solids effluent from the anaerobic digester can be further utilized as slow release, organic certified fertilizer. Additionally, the wastewater from the process is acceptable for immediate reuse in agricultural operations.

Abstract: There is provided a process for regenerating the activity of used metal catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide comprising decreasing the hydrocarbon content thereof, calcining under an oxidant-containing atmosphere, impregnating with a solution of at least one of a metal compound, calcining under an oxidant-containing atmosphere and activating by contacting with a hydrogen-contacting gas at elevated temperatures to form an active catalyst. The process regenerates and enhances both supported and dispersed active metal (DAM) catalysts. Used catalysts enhanced by the process are initially treated to decrease their hydrocarbon content. The treatment may be carried out in a single reactor, or by carrying out up to all steps after catalyst may be withdrawn from a reactor and returned to at least one reactor, both preferably during operation thereof. Up to all steps may be effected in a subsequent reactor, or in specialized apparatus.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether comprising: (a) reacting a raw material gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce a reaction gas including dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (b) separating the reaction gas from step (a) into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and into dimethyl ether carbon dioxide; (c) recycling to step (a) the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen which were separated from the reaction gas in step (b); (d) removing the carbon dioxide from the dimethyl ether and the carbon dioxide from step (b) to obtain the dimethyl ether; and the (e) recycling the dimethyl ether from step (d) to step (b).

Abstract: A method for production of mixed alcohols by using a sulfided transition metal catalyst selected from Group VI metals; nano-sizing the metal catalyst during its synthesis; suspending the catalyst in solvents to form a slurry; adding, a sulfur containing material to extend catalyst life; and contacting this slurry with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at 200-325° C. and 500-3000 psig pressure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for converting synthesis gas into hydrocarbonaceous products including the steps of: (a) subjecting a first portion of synthesis gas to a dual functional syngas conversion process to form a first effluent comprising a first hydrocarbonaceous product including aromatics and iso-paraffins; (b) subjecting a second portion of synthesis gas to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to form a second effluent comprising a second hydrocarbonaceous product including linear paraffins and linear olefins; and (c) alkylating the linear olefins with the iso-paraffins to produce high octane gasoline range alkylate.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a catalytically active first metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof, at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of silver, iron, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium and combinations thereof; and a matrix structure comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The first and second metals are incorporated into the polymer.

Abstract: Diesel fuels or blending stocks having high cetane number are produced from non-shifting Fischer-Tropsch processes, which directly convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen to diesel distillates over activated carbon supported cobalt based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. The activated carbon supported cobalt based catalysts comprise a substantially high dispersion of at least one of a zirconium component, an cerium component, a ruthenium component or a potassium component in porous carbon and elemental cobalt either deposited thereon or substantially uniformly dispersed therein, wherein the concentration of activated carbon in the catalyst is from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight, based on the weight of the catalyst, the concentration of elemental cobalt in the catalyst is from about 4 to about 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the catalyst, the total concentration of the zirconium component, the cerium component, or a combination thereof in the catalyst is from about 0.

Abstract: Combustion dispersed metal-metal oxide catalysts that are highly active for catalyzing the net partial oxidation of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed, along with their manner of making and processes for producing synthesis gas employing the new catalysts. A preferred catalyst comprises rhodium nanoparticles, with or without a rare earth promoter, that is deposited on &agr;-alumina by combusting a mixture of catalyst precursor materials and a flammable organic compound. In a preferred syngas production process a stream of reactant gas mixture containing methane and O2 is passed over the catalyst in a short contact time reactor to efficiently produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at superatmospheric pressures.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least a Fischer-Tropsch metal and a promoter selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tin, gallium, and zinc. The Fischer-Tropsch metal preferably includes cobalt. The catalyst may also include a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina, silica-alumina, aluminum fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.

Abstract: A process of enhancing both the activity and the methane selectivity of a particulate Dispersed Active Metal (“DAM”) hydrogenation catalyst is disclosed wherein the DAM undergoes low temperature oxidation in a slurry phase to form a stable, unique oxidized catalyst precursor that is subsequently reduced to form an enhanced catalyst by treatment with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature, wherein one or more promoter metal oxides of chromium, lanthanum and manganese are added to the DAM. Precursors of the promoter metal oxides may be combined with the DAMs prior to or during formation of the initial slurry, during the oxidation step or between recovery of the oxidized catalyst precursor and treatment of it with hydrogen-containing gas to reactivate the catalyst. Conversion of the precursors to the promoter metal oxides is carried out prior to the treatment with hydrogen-containing gas unless said treatment itself produces the conversion.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for producing hydrocarbons using the catalyst is provided. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention the catalyst used in the process includes at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions, preferably cobalt. The catalyst further includes a structural component, preferably a support, that includes a metal selected from the group consisting of oxides of Group 2 metals, Group 3 metals, Group 6 metals, Group 8 metals, Group 12 metals, Group 15 metals, and combinations thereof, preferably as the oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst which consists of amorphous carbon with molecular planes that have curved surfaces and contain six-membered and non-six-membered carbon rings, optionally having at least one catalytically active, low-valency metal covalently bound thereto. Methods of producing the catalyst and applications thereof are included.

Abstract: A process of enhancing both the activity and the methane selectivity of a particulate Dispersed Active Metal (“DAM”) hydrogenation catalyst is disclosed wherein the DAM undergoes low temperature oxidation in a slurry phase to form a stable, unique oxidized catalyst precursor that is subsequently reduced to form an enhanced catalyst by treatment with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature, wherein one or more promoter metal oxides of chromium, lanthanum and manganese are added to the DAM. Precursors of the promoter metal oxides may be combined with the DAMs prior to or during formation of the initial slurry, during the oxidation step or between recovery of the oxidized catalyst precursor and treatment of it with hydrogen-containing gas to reactivate the catalyst. Conversion of the precursors to the promoter metal oxides is carried out prior to the treatment with hydrogen-containing gas unless said treatment itself produces the conversion.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon monoxide, which is suited to the manufacture of a hydrogenation product containing target components (e.g., gasoline fuel oil components or diesel fuel oil components) at high selectivity from a gas mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This hydrogenation catalyst of carbon monoxide has a structure in which a transition metal is carried by a porous material in which 90% or more of all pores are fine pores each having a diameter of 1 to 50 nm.

Abstract: A method for production of mixed alcohols by using a sulfided transition metal catalyst selected from Group VI metals; nano-sizing the metal catalyst during its synthesis; suspending the catalyst in solvents to form a slurry; adding, a sulfur containing material to extend catalyst life; and contacting this slurry with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at 200-325° C. and 500-3000 psig pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybrid catalyst which is prepared by mixing a methanol synthesis catalyst with SAPO-type zeolite as a methanol conversion catalyst, and a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide by using the hybrid catalyst. The hybrid catalyst of the invention can be used for preparing hydrocarbons having a carbon number of more than 2 from carbon dioxide under a relatively on the hydrocarbons produced. Therefore, the hybrid catalyst may be used for preparing various high-valued hydrocarbons from an ubiquitous carbon source of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention the catalyst used in the process includes at least one catalytic metal selected for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium); and a support selected from the group consisting of fluorides and fluorided oxides of at least one element selected from the elements of Groups 2 through 15 of the periodic table of elements and elements with atomic numbers 58 through 71 (e.g., zinc, magnesium, calcium, barium, chromium, yttrium, lanthanum, samarium, europium and/or dysprosium).

Abstract: In a process for preparing C2-oxygenates by reaction of CO and H2 over a rhodium-containing supported catalyst, the catalyst comprises, based on the total weight, from 0.01 to 10% by weight of rhodium, from 0.001 to 10% by weight of zirconium, from 0.01 to 5% by weight of iridium, from 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one metal selected from among copper, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, ruthenium and molybdenum, from 0.01 to 10% by weight of at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal selected from among lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, magnesium and calcium, on an inert support.

Abstract: This invention relates to the process of preparing from carbon dioxide a mixture of dimethyl ether and methanol which are useful as clean fuel or raw materials in the chemical industry. More particularly, this invention relates to the process of preparing dimethyl ether and methanol in high yield without by-products such as hydrocarbons by means of chemical conversion of carbon dioxide, which is a major pollutant of the global environment, in the presence of a mixture of catalysts comprising Cu/ZnO-based catalyst and Y-type zeolite catalyst having a strong acidity with the pKa value of −6.0-−3.0.

Abstract: A method for production of mixed alcohols by using a sulfided transition metal catalyst selected from Group VI metals; nano-sizing the metal catalyst during its synthesis; suspending the catalyst in solvents to form a slurry; adding, a sulfur containing material to extend catalyst life; and contacting this slurry with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at 200-325° C. and 500-3000 psig pressure.

Abstract: A method for producing dimethyl ether by forming a slurry by introducing a catalyst into a solvent and introducing a mixed gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into the slurry. The catalyst comprises alumina particles having an average size of 200 .mu.m or less and a methanol synthesis catalyst layer formed around each of the alumina particles. The methanol synthesis catalyst has a weight ratio of 0.05 to 5 to a weight of the alumina particles. The catalyst is produced by forming a layer comprising a methanol synthesis catalyst around each of the alumina particles.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to an integrated process for producing a hydroisomerate in the presence of sulfur comprising the steps of (a) separating a natural gas into a first stream comprising a C.sub.5 + gas field condensate containing sulfur and a second stream comprising said natural gas having said a C.sub.

Abstract: A process is set forth for converting synthesis gas into dimethyl ether (DME) in a single step comprising contacting the synthesis gas with a bifunctional catalyst system having a methanol synthesis functionality and a methanol dehydration functionality. In particular, the present invention is an improvement to said process for increasing the stability of the bifunctional catalyst system, particularly when the process is conducted in the liquid phase. The improvement comprises introducing a methanol containing stream into the DME reactor such that the methanol concentration throughout the DME reactor is maintained at a concentration greater than 1.0%, generally between 4.0% and 8.0%. In one embodiment of the present invention, the methanol containing stream comprises at least a portion of the byproduct methanol from the DME reactor such that said portion of byproduct methanol is introduced into the DME reactor as a recycle stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for conversion of methanol, ethanol alone or in combination with n-propanol to isobutanol and the process for making and using the catalyst. The catalyst is a noble metal supported on at least a first phase of mixed oxide crystallites containing from about 60 to about 74 atomic % (on a metals basis only) zirconium, from about 21 to about 31 atomic % manganese and from about 5 to about 9 atomic % zinc, and less than about 1 atomic % alkali, a second phase of zirconium-doped hetaerolite particles containing from about 65 to about 69 atomic % manganese, from about 31 to about 35 atomic % zinc, from about 0.5 to about 5 atomic % zirconium, and optionally a trace atomic % of alkali, and a third phase containing from about 29 to about 55 atomic % manganese, from about 13 to about 55 atomic % zinc and from about 13 to about 35 atomic % zirconium. The first phase mixed oxide crystallites have a zirconium oxide-like structure have a particle size of at least about 40 .ANG.

Abstract: A catalyst for a slurry reactor Fischer-Tropsch conversion process utilizing novel catalysts comprising cobalt promoted with zirconium, molybdenum or zirconium and molybdenum and on a small diameter alumina support. The catalysts have been found to be highly selective for production of liquid hydrocarbons while minimizing production of less desirable oxygen-containing products such as alcohols. The preferred catalysts contain from about 5% to 35% cobalt and from about 0.1% to 10% zirconium or zirconium and molybdenum. The preferred process is carried out in a one or more slurry bubble column reactor stagesin series.

Abstract: Process for producing mixtures of methanol and higher alcohols comprising feeding, into the reaction zone equipped with a catalytic system, H.sub.2, CO and possibly inert products with a molar ratio H.sub.2 /CO of between 0.2 and 10, at a temperature of between 200.degree. and 460.degree. C., at a pressure of between 2,000 and 30,000 KPa, and at a space velocity of between 1,000 and 40,000 GHSV, wherein the catalytic system corresponds to the following empirical formula:Zn.sub.x Cr.sub.y O.sub.t +z%M.sub.2 Owherein the x/y ratio is greater than 0.5 and less than 1, t is what is necessary for satisfying the valence with which the various elements appear in the catalyst,M is an alkaline metal selected from potassium and cesium,z, representing the percentage of alkaline oxide of the final catalyst, when the metal is potassium, is between 0.01 and 8 and, when the metal is cesium, between 0.01 and 20.6.

Abstract: The invention concerns the preparation of a catalyst comprising a support containing at least one oxide of the element Si, Al, Ti, Zr, Sn, Zn, Mg or Ln (where Ln is a rare earth), cobalt, at least one element A selected from the group formed by ruthenium, platinum, palladium and uranium, and at least one element B selected from the group formed by molybdenum and tungsten, characterized in that it comprises at least the following successive steps:(1) formation of a precursor comprising at least cobalt and at least a portion of the support;(2) at least partial reduction of the precursor in the presence of at least one reducing compound; and(3) deposition of any part of compound present in the catalyst and not present in the precursor on the reduced precursor.The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst in a process for the synthesis of C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.

Abstract: A catalyst and slurry reactor Fischer-Tropsch conversion process utilizing novel catalysts comprising cobalt promoted with molybdenum or molybdenum and zirconium on a small diameter inorganic oxide support. The catalysts have been found to be highly selective for production of liquid hydrocarbons while minimizing production of less desirable oxygen-containing products such as alcohols. The preferred catalysts contain from about 5% to 50% cobalt and from about 0.1% to 10% molybdenum or molybdenum and zirconium.

Abstract: A compound oxide X.sub.1 having the oxide composition CuO-ZnO-Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is physically admixed with a compound oxide X.sub.2 prepared by impregnating .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with La(NO.sub.3).sub.3 and firing the same, to give a CuO-ZnO-Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -La.sub.2 O.sub.3 -based compound oxide with an La.sub.2 O.sub.3 addition level of 4% by weight. This compound oxide is reduced and packed into a reactor and a mixed gas composed of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 in a mole ratio of 1:3 is fed to the reactor, whereby methanol is obtained in high yield. The total conversion of CO.sub.2 amounts to 31.0%, the conversion to methanol being 22.9% (selectivity toward methanol 73.9%). When the pressure is 80 atmospheres, the conversion of CO.sub.2 amounts to 39%, the conversion to methanol being 29%.

Abstract: Single-stage catalytic conversion of a gas mixture, having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide greater than 1.9, to hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range, is achieved using three catalysts in admixture. The first is a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with catalytic activity for the conversion of H.sub.2 and CO into hydrocarbons. The second is a methanol conversion catalyst with catalytic activity for the conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons, such as a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite or crystalline silicate. Finally, the third is a methanol synthesis catalyst with catalytic activity for both the water-gas shift reaction and methanol synthesis. This combination of catalysts provides high carbon conversion of CO to hydrocarbons, and a high yield of liquid products.

Abstract: An eta phase composition in powder form, prepared in the absence of sulfur or sulfur bearing compounds, having a surface area greater than about 2m.sup.2 /g and consisting of X.sub.6 Y.sub.6 Z.sub.a wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consiting of Mo and W, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co. Ni, Mo and W, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N and combinations thereof such that when Z is N, a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2 and when Z is C, a is greater than 1 but less than or equal to 2 except when Z is C and Y is Fe, then a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2. The eta phase may be a carbide, nitride or carbonitride. A method for producing the eta-phase composition includes providing a precursor compound including at least two eta-phase forming metals, and a ligand containing carbon, nitrogen or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Processes for converting synthesis gas into hydrocarbons by passing the synthesis gas over a catalyst, and catalysts suitable for use in such processes. The catalysts include cobalt supported on ZSM-5 type zeolites and they also include chromium.

Abstract: Crystalline platinum or palladium aluminosilicates are prepared by incorporating platinum or palladium onto the aluminosilicate and mixing with a methanol synthesis catalyst. Conversion of synthesis gas to low molecular weight hydrocarbons, particularly C.sub.2+3 hydrocarbons, with substantial yield and high selectivity employing these platinum or palladium aluminosilicate compositions as catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen, comprising the steps of:a) selecting a catalyst comprising:i) 3-80 parts by weight cobalt;ii) 0.1-100 parts by weight of at least one metal selected from zirconium, titanium and chromium, per 100 parts by weight silica, alumina and/or silica-alumina; andiii) an external surface area (Se)Se.ltoreq.70 cm.sup.2 /ml;b) activating the catalyst; andc) contacting the activated catalyst in a fixed bed form with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen having a hydrogen/carbon monoxide feed ratio (F)F.ltoreq.1.9under such conditions thatSe/F.gtoreq.12.5.

Abstract: A crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve having the mordenite structure and the following composition expressed in terms of oxide mole ratios in the anhydrous state:Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 :xSiO.sub.2 :yM.sub.2 O:tQ.sub.2 Owhere M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium, Q is a quaternary ammonium cation, preferably a benzyltriethylammonium cation, x equals 5.0 to 30, y equals 0.1 to 0.99, preferably 0.40 to 0.90, t equals 0.01 to 0.9, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 and yet equals about 1.0. The crystalline, galliosilicate molecular sieve of the invention may be employed, after reducing its alkali metal content and decomposing Q, as a component of a catalyst which can be used in a variety of chemical conversion processes.

Abstract: A composition for use after reductive activation as a catalyst in the conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons, which composition comprises as essential components (i) cobalt either as the elemental metal, the oxide or a compound thermally decomposable to the elemental metal and/or oxide and (ii) zinc in the form of the oxide or a compound thermally decomposable to the oxide.

Abstract: A catalyst and method are provided for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols by reacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising palladium, an alkali metal or a mixture of alkali metals and a molybdenum promoter.