Abstract: In methanizing CO and H.sub.2 containing charge gases, the charge gas is passed upwardly through a vertically extending fluidized bed reactor flowing, in turn, through a fluidized bed zone, a dust bed zone and a separation zone. From the separation zone, the gas is conveyed out of the reactor to a point of use. Coolant tubes are positioned in the reactor passing vertically through the fluidized bed zone, the dust bed zone and the separation zone for removing the heat generated in the reaction. An evaporable coolant, preferably water, is circulated through the coolant tubes. In a separate steam drum, the vapor pressure of the coolant is set for maintaining constant the temperature of the vaporizing coolant.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process comprises contacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a conventional Fischer-Tropsch catalyst in combination with an amount of phosphorus effective to selectively poison the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst so as to improve the selectivity of said catalyst to C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved, simple and energy saving process for producing a gas containing methane, which process utilizes a reactor having a catalyst bed of a structure wherein a synthesis gas is allowed to pass perpendicularly to the longitudinal directions of a plurality of cooling tubes installed vertically within the catalyst bed. Within the cooling tubes, a liquid coolant at its boiling temperature is flowed upwardly under pressure. A portion of the reaction product gas leaving the catalyst bed is mixed, without cooling, with fresh feed gas and is recirculated to the catalyst bed. The amount of the recycled gas is less than 5 times the amount of fresh feed gas. The foregoing process produces a product gas containing methane from a feed gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst for converting syngas to middle distillates which comprises kneading and/or impregnating cobalt and another metal (Zr, Ti, Cr) onto a carrier (SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in such a way that L and S satisfy the relation:(3+4R)>(L/S)>(0.3+0.4R), whereinL=the total quantity of cobalt present on the catalyst, expressed as mg Co/ml catalyst;S=the surface area of the catalyst, expressed as M.sup.2 /ml catalyst; and R=the weight ratio of the quantity of cobalt deposited on the catalyst by kneading to the total quantity of cobalt present on the catalyst.

Abstract: CO hydrogenation process is described utilizing novel thallium-promoted iron catalysts. Mixtures of CO/H.sub.2 are selectively converted to liquid C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 hydrocarbons containing C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 aromatics, alpha olefins and very small amounts of C.sub.23 + hydrocarbon waxes.

Abstract: A gas mixture rich in ethan and/or ethylene is prepared by the conversion of a synthesis gas mixture containing hydrogen, carbon oxides and, optionally, other gases in the presence of one or more gaseous sulphur compounds, in an amount of at least 10 ppm by volume, preferably at least 200 ppm, calculated as H.sub.2 S, utilizing a catalyst consisting of one or more metals of group V-B and/or VI-B of the Periodic Table of Elements, preferably molybdenum and/or vanadium, together with one or more iron group metals each metal being in the form of free metal, oxide, or sulphide, the catalyst being supported on a porous, refractory oxidic support containing titanium dioxide.There is achieved a high activity and notably a high selectivity for the formation of ethane/ethylene, small amounts of propane, not insignificant amounts of methane and almost full suppression of the formation of higher hydrocarbons.The invention also relates to the catalyst prepared by impregnation or coprecipitation techniques.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons with a high iso-paraffins content from syngas having a H.sub.2 /CO mol. ratio between 1.0 and 5.0 over a catalyst mixture comprising a methanol synthesis component which contains zinc and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, copper and aluminum and a crystalline metal silicate with ZSM-5 structure which contains SiO.sub.2 and one or more oxides of a trivalent metal A selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, gallium, rhodium, chromium and scandium, and wherein the SiO.sub.2 /A.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio is higher than 10; and which catalyst mixture has been prepared by spray-drying followed by calcining at a temperature between 425.degree. and 525.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for producing an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound having 1 or 2 carbon atoms which comprises reacting a gaseous mixture of a carbon oxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, the improvement wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is a catalyst composition comprising(A) substantially metallic rhodium and(B) an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Groups IIa, IIIa, IVa and Va of the periodic table of short form,or(i) substantially metallic rhodium,(ii) an element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese and rhenium, and(iii) an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Groups IIIa, IVa and Va of the periodic table of short form.

Abstract: Conversion of the synthetic gas mixtures: carbon monoxide - hydrogen or carbondioxide - hydrogen is carried out in the presence of a catalyst constituted by the association of at least two transition metal elements with an acitve mordenite selected from among de-aluminized acid mordenites. The metal elements can be copper, zinc and chromium. The transition metal elements - active mordenite association can be employed in separate catalytic beds, the first bed being metallic in nature and the second zeolitic in nature. The process is applicable to the manufacture of organic products such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, particularly light olefines.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is prepared by impregnating a silica carrier with a solution of a zirconium or titanium compound, calcining the composition thus obtained, thereafter impregnating the carrier with a cobalt compound-containing solution and calcining and reducing the composition thus obtained. Catalysts so prepared and containing 5-40 pbw of cobalt and 2-150 pbw of zirconium or titanium per 100 pbw of silica, are used in the preparation of hydrocarbons from a H.sub.2 /CO mixture.

Abstract: C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 oxygenated hydrocarbons are produced by contacting synthesis gas at a temperature in the range 150.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of 1 to 700 bars with a catalyst comprising a supported mixture of a rhodium component and a silver component. The preferred support is silica. Other metal components which may be incorporated on the support are iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, chromium, thorium and zirconium. Furthermore the support can be activated prior to incorporation of the metal components.

Abstract: An oxygenated hydrocarbon product comprising methanol and ethanol is produced by hydrogenating carbon monoxide at a temperature in the range 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and a pressure in the range 1 to 700 bars in the presence as catalyst of a supported mixture of the metals rhodium, silver, zirconium and molybdenum and optionally also one or more of the metals iron, manganese, rhenium, tungsten, ruthenium, chromium, thorium and potassium. The preferred support is silica.

Abstract: Process for conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in general and to aromatics rich gasoline in particular by contacting the gas with a catalyst composition comprising gallium oxide and/or indium oxide and at least one additional oxide of a metal from Group IB-VIIB or VIII of the Periodic Table. Cerium, thorium, and uranium are the preferred additional metals. The catalyst composition may optionally contain a further component e.g. a zeolite which in some cases can also act as a support. The present process (i) results in a low make of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 hydrocarbons, (ii) is capable of using synthesis gas which has a low H.sub.2 :CO ratio, and (iii) gives a higher conversion of CO than achieved hitherto under similar conditions.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons and especially as gasoline are prepared by the catalytic conversion in two subsequent reactors of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides and having a mole ratio CO/H.sub.2 above 1 and when the conversion commences a mole ratio CO/CO.sub.2 of 5 to 20. In the first reactor, which is preferably a cooled reactor, the synthesis gas is converted into a methane-containing first intermediate and this at least partly further into a second intermediate containing dimethyl ether, at 5-100 bar and 150.degree.-400.degree. C., in the presence of catalyst(s), the effluent from this reactor is combined with a recycle stream containing low boiling components of the effluent from the second reactor, and then passed to the second reactor, which is adiabatic, where the conversion of the second intermediate is carried out at substantially the same pressure as in the first reactor and 150.degree.-600.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols of "fuel grade" from CO and H.sub.2.To reduce the water content in the mixture coming from the synthesis reactor of the synthesis of the alcohols, the reaction product is cooled down and is fed to a secondary reactor wherein the conversion reactionCO+H.sub.2 O.revreaction.CO.sub.2 +H.sub.2is carried on in conditions near to equilibrium.The further product of reaction is cooled in a more thorough manner so as to obtain a liquid phase constituted by the "fuel grade" mixture of alcohols and a gaseous phase which after the discharge of the inert substances and after elimination of the CO.sub.2 is recycled to the synthesis reactor.In the secondary conversion reactor operation is carried out with a temperature comprised between 150.degree. C. and 250.degree. C., at a pressure equal to that of the synthesis reactor and in the presence of a copper catalyst.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted to an exclusively hydrocarbon product with selectivity to ethane by the use of a catalyst which comprises a zeolite and a metal component distributed within the pore structure of the zeolite. The preferred zeolites have a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and a silica:alumina ratio of at least 12:1 and of these ZSM-5 is preferred. The metal component which may be introduced into the zeolite by impregnation from liquid ammonia solutions, is preferably chromium, zinc and aluminum, optionally with potassium.

Abstract: In a process for producing an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compound having 1 or 2 carbon atoms which comprises reacting a gaseous mixture of a carbon oxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, the improvement wherein said hydrogenation catalyst is a catalyst composition comprising(A) substantially metallic rhodium,(B) an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Groups, IIa, IIIa, IVa and Va of the periodic table of short form, and(C) silica or(i) substantially metallic rhodium,(ii) an element selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese and rhenium,(iii) an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Groups IIIa, IVa and Va of the periodic table of short form, and(iv) silica.

Abstract: A process for the production of a "fuel grade" mixture of methanol and higher alcohols from CO and H.sub.2.To reduce the amount of water contained in the mixture coming from the synthesis reactor of the alcohol synthesis the reaction product is cooled and fed to a secondary reactor wherein the reaction of conversion:CO+H.sub.2 O.revreaction.CO.sub.2 +H.sub.2is conducted in conditions near to equilibrium.The further reaction product is cooled down further so as to obtain a liquid phase constituted by the alcohols, and in which there are still dissolved some gases, and a gaseous phase containing the carbon dioxide produced in the secondary reactor together with the non-reacted gases. The gaseous phase is sent to a section of absorption of the CO.sub.2 wherein the absorbing liquid is constituted by the very alcoholic mixture produced; after removal of the CO.sub.2 the gas is partly recycled and partly let off in order to avoid the accumulation of inert gases contained in the feeding mixture.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for alkylating aromatics comprising the steps of:(1) contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at conditions effective to form a first gas mixture containing an alkylating agent selected from ethylene or mixtures of ethylene and propylene;(2) removing from the first gas mixture components capable of alkylating aromatics and having boiling points higher than the selected alkylating agent to form a second gas mixture which contains less than about 10 mole percent of the selected alkylating agent and more than about 5 mole percent each of carbon monoxide and hydrogen;(3) combining the second gas mixture with sufficient alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon to form a third mixture containing at least about a 1 to 1 aromatic to alkylating agent mole ratio; and(4) contacting the third mixture with a heterogeneous alkylation catalyst at conditions effective to alkylate the aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for selectively preparing a mixture of two-carbon atom oxygenated hydrocarbons, namely, acetic acid, ethanol and acetaldehyde, by continuously contacting a gaseous reaction mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a solid catalyst comprising rhodium in combination with sodium at reaction conditions correlated so as to favor the formation of a substantial proportion of such two-carbon atom products.

Abstract: Ethanol is manufactured by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen on a supported rhodium catalyst containing as cocatalyst at least one of the elements zirconium, hafnium, lanthanum, platinum, chromium and mercury.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for making alkanols and esters which comprises reacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 at a pressure of about 500 psig or greater and at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a second metal from Group IVB, VB, or VIB, consisting of a zirconium, titanium, vanadium or chromium-containing compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt, in the presence of an inert, oxygenated solvent.

Abstract: Methane is produced by passing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and an aqueous liquid phase downwardly through a fixed bed of a catalyst containing ruthenium on a carrier such as alumina, separating and externally coolng in a heat exchanger the resultant aqueous phase before recycling, thereby limiting the reaction temperature within a range from 200.degree. to 320.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing light paraffinic hydrocarbons particularly C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 in carbon number, from CO and H.sub.2 is described utilizing novel face-centered cubic molybdenum oxycarbonitride catalyst.

Abstract: Dimethyl ether is produced from syngas in high yield utilizing a physical mixture of two catalyst components: a first component comprising copper-zinc and alkali metal supported on alumina, and a second component comprising tungsten oxide supported on silica-alumina.

Abstract: Improved process for reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The reactant gases circulate downwardly in admixture with a liquid phase of inert diluent through a fixed bed catalyst. The superficial velocity of each of the gas phase and the liquid phase is at least 1.5 cm per second, preferably 3 to 20 cm per second. The products are hydrocarbons, for example methane, or alcohols, for example methanol, depending on the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using a catalyst combination containing one or more metal components with catalytic activity for the conversion of an H.sub.2 /CO mixture into acyclic hydrocarbons, e.g., Ru, Co, Fe, Ni and Cr, and as carrier a laminar compound capable of absorbing metal ions or metal salts by intercalation. Preferably the laminar compound is a laminar crystalline silicate, e.g., magadiite.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture and/or conversion of hydrocarbons comprises contacting as feed any of: a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, acyclic organic compounds, hydrocarbon compounds, and mixtures thereof, under conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising silicalite.

Abstract: An unsupported particulate catalyst especially useful for methanation reactions is prepared by a method comprising fluid-bed roasting agglomerates of nickel sulfide to form a particulate precursor material which can be reduced to composite particles consisting essentially of a nickel-oxide core with a then coherent adherent layer of nickel thereon, the reduced particles being characterized at the surface by the presence of microcapillary pores interconnecting with each other and the outer surface of the particles.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol which comprises reacting a gas containing a carbon oxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium supported on at least one oxide of metal selected from the group consisting of the metals of the Group IIa and Group IIIa of the short form of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: In Fischer-Tropsch reaction to form hydrocarbons from hydrogen and carbon monoxide the use of a catalyst containing:(1) molybdenum in free or combined form;(2) a promoter comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal in free or combined form; and(3) a binder comprising an iron-containing calcium aluminate cement.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline iron silicates with certain critical ratios of components in the starting mixture results in silicates having improved catalytic properties in conversion processes.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of acetic acid, acetic aldehyde and ethanol by reaction in the gaseous phase of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts containing rhodium and optionally promoters, at elevated temperature and pressure. In this process, the temperature is raised in the starting phase, where the catalyst is heated to the working temperature T.sub.R intended for continuous operation, in a range of from T.sub.O to T.sub.R, T.sub.O being 75.degree. to 125.degree. C. below T.sub.R, continuously or in steps of 10.degree. C. at most, in a period of time of from 100 to 1,000 hours; the temperature being raised by 10.degree. C. at most within any 10 hour interval.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a mixture of two catalysts; one is a conventional catalyst for the conversion of a CO/H.sub.2 mixture into acyclic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons and the other is a certain crystalline silicate containing at least one element selected from manganese, clacium, magnesium and titanium, and the alumina to silica ratio is greater than 0.005.

Abstract: Methanol is produced by gasifying a carbonaceous feed material with steam in the presence of a carbon-alkali metal catalyst and added hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature between about 1000.degree. F. and about 1500.degree. F.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing light paraffinic hydrocarbons, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 in carbon number, from CO and steam is described utilizing novel molybdenum oxycarbonitride catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a hydrocarbon mixture by contacting in a first stage a feed mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with an H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio of less than 1.0 with a trifunctional catalyst combination containing (a) at least one metal component having catalytic activity for conversions of a H.sub.2 /CO mixture into acyclic hydrocarbons, and/or acyclic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, (b) at least one metal component for the conversion of an H.sub.2 O/CO mixture into an H.sub.2 /CO mixture, and (c) a certain crystalline silicate containing at least one trivalent metal selected from aluminum, iron, gallium, rhodium, chromium and scandium, wherein the molar ratio of the trivalent metal oxide to silica is less than 0.1; adjusting the H.sub.2 /CO molar to at least 1.5 by adding H.sub.2 O, if necessary; followed by contacting in a second stage at least the C.sub.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures from a feed mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by contacting said feed at elevated temperature and pressure with a mixture of two catalysts; one capable of converting said feed into acyclic oxygen containing hydrocarbons and the other certain crystalline gallium silicates.

Abstract: Oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds containing from one to four carbon atoms, e.g. acids, alcohols and/or aldehydes are produced by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen in the presence of a supported mixture of a rhodium component and a chromium component, optionally incorporating also iron, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten or ruthenium at elevated temperature and generally at elevated pressure. A preferred support is silica which may be activated by the addition of metal and non-metal activators followed by calcination, prior to incorporation of the rhodium and chromium components.

Abstract: A catalyst particularly useful in conversion of CO--H.sub.2 mixtures is prepared by preparing an intimate mixture of a compound containing molybdenum, vanadium and/or tungsten or a mixture of two or more of the said molybdenum, vanadium, and tungsten compounds in a melt of ammonium thiocyanate-thiourea, or a mixture of the two, heating the melt in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures sufficient to evolve gases for a time to convert the melt to a solid mass, calcining the solid in an inert atmosphere to prevent over reduction, and then passivating the catalyst, after cooling with inert gas, with a very dilute stream containing oxygen, until no further exotherm is noted. The mass may be broken up, or ground and pelletized, in process as desired for convenience in handling, and the product is desirably further heated in this fashion.

Abstract: Lanthanum rhodate, or metal substituted lanthanum rhodate, having a perovskite structure is a highly active catalyst for the production of methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The lanthanum rhodate displays excellent stability and excellent selectivity to methanol.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen using a mixture of two catalysts; one for the conversions of a CO/H.sub.2 mixture into acyclic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, and the other is a certain crystalline silicate having very high silica to alumina ratio, capable of catalyzing the conversion of acyclic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons into aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for the production of methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. and a pressure of from about 150 to about 20,000 psia which comprises effecting the reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous solid catalyst comprising palladium in combination with a metal additive selected from the group consisting of lithium, magnesium, strontium, barium, molybdenum and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Novel, high specific surface area molybdenum oxycarbide catalysts are disclosed. They are prepared by the vapor condensation of molybdenum hexacarbonyl and catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to form hydrocarbons. Carburization of the molybdenum oxycarbides increases their activity in the carbon monoxide-hydrogen reaction.