Abstract: The process called COpetrolisation uses two catalysts instead of one, converting CO into C7H16. Addition of a NaCl catalyst to a FeO catalyst improves the efficiency of Fischer's process because the salt catalyst retains humidity. Furthermore, chlorine opens chemical chains and sodium prevents crystals of oxygen from covering the FeO catalyst. If we are equipped to produce CO from biogas or smoke and if we want to recycle this unwanted gas, we can COpetrolise this CO and yield a useful liquid. In fact, recycling CO into synthetic crude petroleum, heptane, contributes to clean air and to produce a valuable source of energy. Because CO is a renewable resource, COpetrolisation favors a lasting economic development.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions, particularly Fischer-Tropsch reactions; the catalyst compositions, use of the catalyst compositions for conducting such reactions, and the products of these reactions. The steps of the process for producing the catalyst comprise impregnating a powder, or particulate refractory inorganic oxide solids, preferably silica, with a) a soluble compound or salt of a catalytic metal of the Iron Group, preferably cobalt, and b) a soluble compound, or salt, of a Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, suitably by sequential contact of the solids with a solution of (a) and a solution of (b), by sequential contact of the solids with a solution of (b) and a solution of (a), or by contact with a solution which contains both (a) and (b).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process preferably includes at least cobalt, rhenium, and a promoter selected from the group including boron, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, and vanadium. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina, aluminum fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.

Abstract: The present invention presents an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst having a low water-gas shift activity and high selectivity and productivity toward a hydrocarbon wax wherein said catalyst comprises iron; silver; sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium and/or cesium; optionally, calcium, magnesium, boron, and/or aluminum; and a silica structural promoter. The present invention further presents a method of making a precipitated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. The present invention still further presents a process for producing hydrocarbons using the iron-based, precipitated Fischer-Tropsch catalyst of the present invention.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst system in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream, preferably comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention the catalyst system used in the process includes at least one catalytic material for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium), preferably comprising cobalt, and a support comprising aluminum borate. The catalyst system can be prepared by impregnating alumina with a boron-containing composition to form an aluminum borate support and applying a Fischer-Tropsch catalytically active material to the aluminum borate to form a supported catalyst system.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least a Fischer-Tropsch metal and boron. The Fischer-Tropsch metal preferably includes cobalt and optionally ruthenium or platinum. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina, aluminum fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst structure and method of making the catalyst structure for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis that both rely upon the catalyst structure having a first porous structure with a first pore surface area and a first pore size of at least about 0.1 &mgr;m, preferably from about 10 &mgr;m to about 300 &mgr;m. A porous interfacial layer with a second pore surface area and a second pore size less than the first pore size is placed upon the first pore surface area. Finally, a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium, iron and combinations thereof is placed upon the second pore surface area. Further improvement is achieved by using a microchannel reactor wherein the reaction chamber walls define a microchannel with the catalyst structure is placed therein through which pass reactants. The walls may separate the reaction chamber from at least one cooling chamber. The present invention also includes a method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: A supported cobalt-based catalyst, characterized in that the carrier has an average particle diameter, measured by Coulter LS230, ranging from 70 to 250 &mgr;m, a surface area higher than 175 m2/g and a pore volume higher than 0.35 cm3/g, measured by the B.E.T. method. The catalyst is particularly useful in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for controlling a selectivity profile of products of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, wherein a catalyst promoter, either dissolved in solution or in a powdered form, is directly injected into the reactor medium, typically into the reactor feedstream. The Fischer-Tropsch process is typically a High Temperature Fischer Tropsch (HTFT) process, and a typical chemical promoter for the HTFT process is potassium. By adding or doping the reaction medium with the catalyst promoter during the synthesis process, the selectivity profile of olefins and paraffins in the product stream is significantly changed, with more olefins being formed whilst the level of paraffins is reduced, and typically the level of olefins in the C2-C4 range is increased. The catalyst promoter may form part of a promoter-carrying compound, for example, potassium carbonate.

Abstract: A plant for manufacturing urea from carbonaceous materials, oxygen from an air separation unit and water, preferably steam, is made up of a syngas generator unit, an air separation unit, Fischer-Tropsch unit, a CO2 removal unit, a hydrogen removal unit, a methanator unit, an ammonia converter unit and a urea synthesizer unit. Each of Fischer-Tropsch liquids, ammonia, hydrogen and urea can be recoverable under proper economic conditions. Electrical power is recoverable by the addition of at least one of a steam turbine and a gas turbine which is/are coupled to an electrical generator.

Abstract: A process for treating organic compounds includes providing a composition which includes a substantially mesoporous structure of silica containing at least 97% by volume of pores having a pore size ranging from about 15 Å to about 30 Å and having a micropore volume of at least about 0.01 cc/g, wherein the mesoporous structure has incorporated therewith at least about 0.02% by weight of at least one catalytically and/or chemically active heteroatom selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zn, Fe, Sn, Mo, Ga, Ni, Co, In, Zr, Mn, Cu, Mg, Pd, Pt and W, and the catalyst has an X-ray diffraction pattern with one peak at 0.3° to about 3.5° at 2&thgr;.

Abstract: A process is described in which the waste gas from the production of acetylene is employed in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbon liquids. The process consists of the steps of collecting the waste gas, compressing it to the proper pressure, passing the compressed gas into a reactor containing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst under the proper conditions of temperature, pressure, and space velocity, and collecting the liquid products thereby formed from the waste gas stream.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising a catalytically active first metal selected from the group consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and mixtures thereof, at least one second metal selected from the group consisting of silver, iron, zinc, copper, platinum, zirconium and combinations thereof; and a matrix structure comprising a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The first and second metals are incorporated into the polymer.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of olefinic products from a Fischer-Tropsch unit and increasing the yield of products within the lube and diesel boiling range by use of a potassium promoted iron-based catalyst.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process for producing hydrocarbons, comprising contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, nickel and ruthenium and combinations thereof, a catalyst support, and silver. The catalyst may include a promoter. A preferred catalyst comprises cobalt, platinum and/or ruthenium and/or rhenium, and silver supported on a support selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, ZrO2, sulfated ZrO2, WO3—ZrO2, MCM-41, H-Beta, Sylopol SiO2, AlF3, fluorided Al2O3, bentonite, zeolite, TiO2, and SiO2—Al2O3, molecular sieves, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An in situ process for conducting regeneration of spent hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst. Regenerated, but not yet re-activated, catalyst (15) may be introduced into an operating HCS reactor (1) that has catalyst rejuvenation means (14). Any combination of a fresh, activated catalyst, a fresh, passivated catalyst or short-term or long-term deactivated catalysts may already be present in the HCS reactor (1). The regenerated, but not yet re-activated catalyst is activated in the HCS reactor (1) with rejuvenation means (14) at normal process conditions. The HCS reactor (1) receives syngas through the inlet line (3) and releases liquid hydrocarbons through outlet line (4) and gaseous hydrocarbon and unreacted syngas through the offgas line (2). Catalyst is removed from the HCS reactor (1) through the slipstream line (5) and into a filtration unit (6) which is fed with a stripping fluid (7). The filtered catalyst proceeds to the regeneration unit (9) which is fed a regenerative fluid (10).

Abstract: A process is described for converting synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII element dispersed on a support comprising alumina modified by aqueous impregnation of quaternary ammonium silicate and comprising in the range of about 3% by weight to about 9.5% by weight of silica. Said support can optionally also comprise at least one oxide selected from the group formed by rare earth oxides, alkaline-earth oxides and zirconium oxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process preferably includes at least cobalt, rhenium, and a promoter selected from the group including boron, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, and vanadium. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina, aluminum fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for regenerating catalyst used in a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons. The synthesis process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. The regeneration. process comprises contacting a deactivated Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with a steam under regeneration-promoting conditions, for a period of time sufficient to reactivate the Fischer-Tropsch catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for synthetizing hydrocarbons from a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal supported on a silica-alumina prepared by co-precipitating and calcining at a temperature in the range from about 500° C. to about 1200° C. for at least 6 hours such that said silica-alumina has a specific surface area of less than 260 m2/g. Said catalyst is used in a fixed bed or in suspension in a liquid phase of a three-phase reactor.

Abstract: Particulate skeletal iron catalyst is provided which contain at least about 50 wt. % iron with the remainder being a minor portion of a suitable non-ferrous metal and having characteristics of 0.062-1.0 mm particle size (62-1000 micron), 20-100 m2/g surface area, and 10-40 nm average pore diameter. Such skeletal iron catalysts are prepared and utilized for producing synthetic hydrocarbon products from CO and H2 feeds by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Iron powder is mixed with non-ferrous metal powder selected from aluminum, antimony, silicon, tin or zinc powder to provide 20-80 wt. % initial iron content and melted together to form an iron alloy, then cooled to room temperature and pulverized to provide 0.1-10 mm iron alloy catalyst precursor particles. The iron alloy precursor particles are treated with NaOH or KOH caustic solution at 30-95° C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention the catalyst used in the process includes at least one catalytic metal selected for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium); and a support selected from the group consisting of fluorides and fluorided oxides of at least one element selected from the elements of Groups 2 through 15 of the periodic table of elements and elements with atomic numbers 58 through 71 (e.g., zinc, magnesium, calcium, barium, chromium, yttrium, lanthanum, samarium, europium and/or dysprosium).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. The process is characterized by using a catalyst prepared by a method involving (1) forming a catalyst gel by destabilizing an aqueous colloid comprising (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium), (b) colloidal cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and/or aluminum oxide, and optionally (c) Al(OR)3, Si(OR)4, Ti(OR)4 and/or Zr(OR)4 where each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and (2) drying the gel.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst useful for conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions, particularly Fischer-Tropsch reactions; the catalyst compositions, use of the catalyst compositions for conducting such reactions, and the products of these reactions. The steps of the process for producing the catalyst comprise impregnating a powder, or particulate refractory inorganic oxide solids, preferably silica, with a) a soluble compound or salt of a catalytic metal of the Iron Group, preferably cobalt, and b) a soluble compound, or salt, of a Group VIII noble metal, preferably platinum, suitably by sequential contact of the solids with a solution of (a) and a solution of (b), by sequential contact of the solids with a solution of (b) and a solution of (a), or by contact with a solution which contains both (a) and (b).

Abstract: Apparatus and processes for producing power, liquid hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide from heavy feedstocks, using a partial oxidation reactor to produce a synthesis gas, a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the synthesis gas to hydrocarbon products and tail gases containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a combined cycle plant to produce power from steam generated by recovering heat from the reactors and from combustible tail gases. By varying operating conditions and utilizing hydrogen for recycle to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and/or hydrocracking wax products to produce lighter hydrocarbons, the process can selectively maximize the production of power, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide. In preferred embodiments, the Fischer-Tropsch reactor can be a slurry reactor and can employ an iron-based catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversion-promoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. The process is characterized by using a catalyst prepared by a method involving (1) forming a catalyst gel by destabilizing an aqueous colloid comprising (a) at least one catalytic metal for Fischer-Tropsch reactions (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel and/or ruthenium), (b) colloidal cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide and/or aluminum oxide, and optionally (c) Al(OR)3, Si(OR)4, Ti(OR)4 and/or Zr(OR)4 where each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and (2) drying the gel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing hydrocarbons, in particular hydrogenation of carbon dioxide over Fe-K/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst, which is reduced in hydrogen and activated in the mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A process of converting a feed of hydrocarbon-containing gases into liquid hydrocarbon products including a first reaction of converting the feed into one to 2.5 parts of hydrogen to one part carbon monoxide in the presence of carbon dioxide and then secondly reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor using a promoted iron oxide catalyst slurry to form liquid hydrocarbon products, wherein the carbon dioxide from the first and second reactions is separated from the product streams and at least a portion of the separated carbon dioxide is recycled into the first reaction feed and the hydrocarbon products are separated by distillation and a normally gaseous portion of the separated products are further reacted in another Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce additional liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Several Fischer-Tropsch reaction schemes using a promoted iron catalyst in a slurry reactor produce oxygenated naphtha and diesel fractions on distillation that reduce particulate emissions in diesel engines. High carbon conversion efficiencies and optimum chain growth are characteristics of the processes.

Abstract: Single-stage catalytic conversion of a gas mixture, having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide greater than 1.9, to hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range, is achieved using three catalysts in admixture. The first is a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst with catalytic activity for the conversion of H.sub.2 and CO into hydrocarbons. The second is a methanol conversion catalyst with catalytic activity for the conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons, such as a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite or crystalline silicate. Finally, the third is a methanol synthesis catalyst with catalytic activity for both the water-gas shift reaction and methanol synthesis. This combination of catalysts provides high carbon conversion of CO to hydrocarbons, and a high yield of liquid products.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 olefins from a feed stream consisting of H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 using an iron-carbide based catalyst.

Abstract: An improved Fischer-Tropsch process for hydrocarbon synthesis operated in the fluid mode of the Sasol's Synthol Process provides increased diesel and heavier hydrocarbon yield wherein a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst modified by a minor amount of a zeolite catalyst selectively converts enough waxy product to prevent adhesion between catalyst particles which might interfere with catalyst flow thereby permitting maximization of diesel oil and heavy hydrocarbon yield.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons; more particularly, the invention relates to a process for synthesizing long-chain hydrocarbons known as polymethylene from carbon monoxide and hydrogen or from carbon monoxide and water or mixtures thereof in the presence of a catalyst comprising iron and platinum or palladium or mixtures thereof which may be supported on a solid material, preferably an inorganic refractory oxide. This process may be used to convert a cabon monoxide containing gas to a product which could substitute for high density polyethylene.

Abstract: A process for synthesis gas conversion utilizing perovskite catalysts is disclosed herein. The perovskites utilized in the process have a carbon selectivity of about eight mol percent or more for oxygenated compounds containing one to six carbon atoms. The process comprises reacting synthesis gas in the presence of a perovskite catalyst in the temperature range of about 200.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Improved process for the catalytic gas phase preparation of low molecular weight (C.sub.2-6) olefinic hydrocarbons from mixtures of H.sub.2 and CO, the improvement consisting of contacting and reacting a mixture of H.sub.2 and CO, at a H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio within the range 0.3 to 1.5, at a space velocity of 1 to 100 minutes.sup.-1, at a pressure of 1 to 2000 psia (6.894 kPa to 13.788 MPa), at a temperature within the range 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., in the presence of the catalyst of the empirical formula AB.sub.1-a Fe.sub.a O.sub.3, wherein A, B and a are defined herein, for example, LaFeO.sub.3.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a silica-containing carrier on which a metal component iron, nickel, or cobalt promoted by zirconium is supported snd, in addition, as promoter a noble metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table; the promoter cobalt/zirconium catalyst is suitable for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: A novel siliceous crystalline composition of matter further comprising one or more metals is prepared by admixing a basic silica salt and a dissolved metal salt in the presence of a quaternary ammonium ion and subsequently heating under pressurized conditions. This novel composition of matter is useful as a catalyst for oxidation, alkylation, disproportionation, synthesis gas conversion, hydrocracking, and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: A method for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an oxide-containing heavy metal catalyst under carbon monoxide-hydrogenation conditions in which said catalyst comprises an alumina support, at least one heavy metal oxide selected from the group of oxides consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, optionally, a heavy metal oxide from the group of elements consisting of cobalt, iron and nickel, and an alkali or alkaline earth promotor which has been treated with a nitrogen-containing compound, or a thermally stable derivative thereof is provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a zeolite-containing heavy metal catalyst under carbon monoxide-hydrogenation conditions in which said catalysts comprises a zeolite support, at least one heavy metal oxide selected from the group of oxides consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, optionally, a heavy metal oxide from the group of elements consisting of cobalt, iron and nickel and an alkali or alkaline earth promoter which has been treated with a nitrogen-containing compound, or a thermally stable derivative thereof is provided. A method for preparing zeolite-containing catalysts by treating with volatile metal complexes at high pressure is also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a promoted finely divided or supported iron carbide-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser and the use of such a catalyst to produce various heavier hydrocarbons from CO and H.sub.2.

Abstract: A method for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a sulfide-containing heavy metal catalyst under carbon monoxide-hydrogenation conditions in which said catalyst comprises at least one sulfided heavy metal element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, and an alkali or alkaline earth promoter which has been treated with a nitrogen-containing compound, or a thermally stable derivative thereof is provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a support for use with a primary catalyst for conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons is disclosed.A primary catalyst and a method of manufacturing the catalyst is also disclosed.Furthermore, a secondary catalyst for the production of branched chain alkenes from straight chain alkenes is also disclosed, together with methods of manufacturing the secondary catalyst.

Abstract: A process for reducing methane formation and increasing liquid (C.sub.5.sup.+) yields in Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis processes of CO and H.sub.2 comprising adding one or more olefins to the reactor bed at a point below 10% of the distance from the top to the bottom of the reactor bed and above a point 10% above the bottom of the reactor bed to the top of the reactor bed in an amount sufficient to reduce said methane formation.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrocarbons which comprises bringing a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a catalyst comprising manganese oxide, alkali metal, sulfur, and ruthenium to produce hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons formed are rich in olefins. When a catalyst prepared by combining the above described catalyst with crystalline zeolite is used, the hydrocarbons formed becomes rich in liquid hydrocarbons, particularly, a gasoline fraction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonaceous material which reacts rapidly with hydrogen to produce a methane-rich gas containing at least 20% by volume methane. The carbonaceous material is formed by contacting a carbon monoxide containing gas with an initiator including a ferrous group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel. The carbonaceous material grows from the surface of the initiator as fibers which include a ferrous metal component derived from the initiator. This ferrous metal component, which may be a metal, an alloy, a carbide, or other metallic substance, is dispersed throughout the carbon network as small nodules which are at least partially bonded to the carbon.

Abstract: Crystalline ferroborosilicate compositions are prepared from a silica containing mixture by digesting a reaction mixture comprising a tetraalkylammonium compound, a sodium hydroxide, a boron compound, an oxide of silicon, an iron ion source, an optional chelating agent and water to provide the crystalline ferroborosilicate which is then palladium ion-exchanged. This composition may be used alone or physically mixed with a methanol catalyst. Conversion of synthesis gas, dimethylether, ethylene and methanol to low molecular hydrocarbons employing these new ferroborosilicates as catalysts is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel crystalline silicate useful as a catalyst for various organic reactions such as polymerization of organic compounds, alkylation, isomerization, disproportionation and the like, which has a chemical composition represented by the general formula in the terms of mole ratios of oxides under dehydrated state,(0.1-2)R.sub.2/n O. [aLa.sub.2 O.sub.3.bCe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ].ySiO.sub.2in which R is at least one mono- or divalent cation, n is the valence of R, M is at least one trivalent transition metal ion and/or aluminum ion, and a+b=1, a.gtoreq.0, b.gtoreq.0, and y.gtoreq.12.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for producing substantially C.sup.2 + alkane hydrocarbons from mixtures of CO and H.sub.2 which comprises a mixture of iron carbide and ilmenite supported on titania wherein the ratio of the iron present in the supported iron carbide and ilmenite, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, to the surface area of the titania support ranges from about 2.times.10.sup.-3 to 25.times.10.sup.-3 grams per square meter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a finely divided iron carbide-first row transition metal-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser. The catalysts may be used to produce various hydrocarbons, including olefins, from CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch process utilizing a product selective and stable catalyst by which synthesis gas, particularly carbon-monoxide rich synthesis gas is selectively converted to higher hydrocarbons of relatively narrow carbon number range is disclosed. In general, the selective and notably stable catalyst, consist of an inert carrier first treated with a Group IV B metal compound (such as zirconium or titanium), preferably an alkoxide compound, and subsequently treated with an organic compound of a Fischer-Tropsch metal catalyst, such as cobalt, iron or ruthenium carbonyl. Reactions with air and water and calcination are specifically avoided in the catalyst preparation procedure.