Abstract: An improved chair for supporting intersecting wires forming a wire mesh at a pre-selected elevated position above a bearing surface during formation of a concrete slab is constructed having a base member shaped to rest on the bearing surface, a compressible support structure having a lower section affixed to the base member, a middle section and an upper section affixed to a setting shaped to support the wire mess at the elevated position. The chair is constructed having an improved compressible, generally bell-shape support structure having two pairs of opposing arched-shaped openings in the middle section forming two intersecting arches, each arch having a pair of opposing flexible legs that bow outward when a pre-determined load is applied to the upper section.

Abstract: A spacer wheel for use in construction using reinforcement rods cast into a compound such as concrete. The spacer wheel is configured to space a reinforcement rod from adjacent surfaces as the as the concrete is cast into a mold. The spacer wheel is of a three part design and has a base section and left and right pivotable sections. The spacer wheel uses an integrally molded hinge to join each pivotable section to the base section. The design also uses a dual rack and paw mechanism to clamp the spacer wheel onto the reinforcement rod.

Abstract: A system and device for installing and mounting conduit upon a surface such as a roof. The system made up of at least one support block having a base and an upper portion, a support rail and a variety of attachments for holding conduit to the rail. Each of the various blocks in the system configured to nest when oriented in a first direction to stack in an elevated position having a greater height when oriented in a second direction. These pieces are configured to work together to provide a mounting system with significant advantages over other devices that exist in the prior art.

Abstract: A rebar support device for retaining rebar in a position for reinforcing concrete, and method of using the same is claimed. The rebar support device comprises at least one concrete bonding opening dispersed throughout, at least one rebar support chase with bendable retaining gates, and at least one grade stake support hole. The rebar support device is held in a vertical position for receiving rebar by driving a grade stake through the stake support holes, such that the rebar support device is disposed perpendicularly to the rebar it receives. The rebar is then cradled in one or more of the support chases and retained by a bendable retaining gate incorporated into each rebar support device above each support chase.

Abstract: An apparatus for aiding in the positioning of a reinforcing bar or “rebar” within a core of a masonry block unit includes a mid-section defining at least one substantially confined area for receiving the reinforcing bar therein, and first and second opposed arms extending outward from the midsection. Each of the arms includes a first section extending outward from substantially opposite ends of the mid-section. The first sections of the first and second arms are substantially co-linear and define a center axis of the apparatus. A second section extends at an angle from the first section, and a third section extends at an angle from the second section. A fourth section extends at a substantially acute angle relative to the third section. The third and fourth sections of each of the first and second arms are substantially co-planar relative to each other, and are substantially non-planar relative to the first sections of the arms.

Abstract: A structural clip includes two connecting legs extending from a resilient spring means with a securing loop at the end of each leg. The angles defined by the legs and by each leg and the spring means when the securing loops are connected to a bottom support member secure that member and a contacting top support member in any spatial relationship one to the other without auxiliary tools. An embodiment useful over a range of support member diameters for perpendicular or parallel reinforcement member alignment, and a method for using the clip also are disclosed.

Abstract: A bolster for use in construction has a beam, a first plurality of leg members on one side of the beam, a second plurality of leg members on an opposite side of the beam, and a plate having a first receptacle on one side and a second receptacle on the opposite side. The first receptacle receives a portion of the first plurality of leg members therein. The second receptacle receives a portion of the second plurality of leg members therein. The plate is integrally formed of an extruded polymeric material.

Abstract: A stackable rebar support chair having a support chair and a support plate detachable to each other. The support chair includes a base having multiple upstanding posts and downwardly extending legs designed to suspend the base above surface. The base can include multiple holes to permit the free flow of concrete around the support chair. Multiple centering supports can connect to and extend between each of the upstanding posts and an upper surface of the base to provide support to the posts and to permit gravity to assist positioning the supported rebar to a generally central position on the base. The base can include ribs extending from its lower surface to provide support to the base from the weight of the rebar. The support plate can include multiple generally upright pegs having recesses to receive the legs.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support has a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base with a channel formed at an upper surface thereof, a first clamping structure affixed to the support structure on one side of the channel, and a second clamping structure affixed to the support structure on an opposite side of the channel. A first rebar extends through the channel. A second rebar is retained by the first and second clamping structures in a direction transverse to the first rebar. Each of the first and second clamping structures has generally C-shaped configuration.

Abstract: A bolster for use in construction has a beam, a first plurality of leg members on one side of the beam, a second plurality of leg members on an opposite side of the beam, a first plate having a receptacle on one side thereof and a second plate having a receptacle on one side thereof. The receptacle of the first plate receives a portion of the first plurality of leg members therein. The receptacle of the second plate receives a portion of the second plurality of leg members therein. The receptacles having a generally C-shaped cross section for resiliently contacting surfaces of the respective leg members. The plate is integrally formed of an extruded polymeric material.

Abstract: A tie and a tie method for binding together adjacent support elements such as concrete reinforcing bars by employing a tie having a frame which can be disposed about the bars, and a wedge adapted to be forcibly driven between resilient portions of the frame and the bars to develop a biasing face which compresses the bars together.

Abstract: An improved, lightweight, portable, and self-contained concrete form for fabricating tilt-up concrete walls is provided. The form includes a frame made from metal frame members joined at their ends with the frame members forming the sides of the frame. The frame members may be channel shaped with their channels facing inwardly. A reinforcing mat comprising an array of crisscrossed rebars is disposed within the frame and is held in place with a plurality of brackets on the ends of at least some of the rebars and welded to respective frame members. The rebar mat is sized to be positioned in the mid portion of the frame and the brackets on the ends of the rebars are slid outwardly into and attached to the frame members by spot welding. The brackets are then spot welded to the ends of their rebars to form a rigid, lightweight concrete frame.

Abstract: A structure is described for supporting concrete reinforcement bars in a concrete structure, such as a footer or foundation. The structure includes a base member having a lower surface and an opposing upper surface. A plurality of pairs of opposing first leg members extend upward from the upper surface of the base member. Each of the first leg members have a lower end connected to the base member and an upper end distally disposed from the lower end. The structure includes a plurality of cradles for receiving the reinforcement bars, where each cradle is attached to the upper ends of a corresponding pair of the opposing first leg members. In a preferred embodiment, the structure includes horizontal support members disposed between and connecting the cradles. To retain the reinforcement bars within the cradles, preferred embodiments of the structure include retaining members that protrude inward from the inner surfaces of the opposing sidewalls.

Abstract: A piping clamp for holding a pipe to a concrete form. The piping clamp includes a base having a vertical standoff and a spring clamp extending horizontally from the base. The vertical standoff prevents the spring clamp from contacting the top surface of a poured concrete structure, thus allowing workers to trowel the concrete's surface without interfering with the clamp. In addition, a web portion of the spring clamp acts as a horizontal standoff and precludes a clamped piping run from coming into contact with the concrete form. The base may include a plurality of staggered fastener openings facilitating adjustment of the piping clamp during installation. In use, the spring clamp removably secures a piping run to a concrete form until the concrete form is removed. During removal, the spring clamp allows the piping run and the concrete form to be easily separated without disturbing the piping run.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for constructing large, continuous, concrete slabs without using conventional shrinkage joints. The system comprises a grid of closely-spaced crack inducers (2) arranged relative to a concrete-pouring surface and adapted to be covered by concrete. The crack inducers (2) may be connected to one another with connectors (10). The crack inducers (2) are of a size, shape and spacing to promote formation of fine cracks in the vicinity of the inducers (2) throughout the slab when the concrete sets.

Abstract: A spacer support having a body portion, a surface engaging portion and a securement to attach the body portion to a weldment plate in tilt-up construction is disclosed. In a first embodiment, the securement includes a resilient clip that can snap onto a Nelson stud. One or more shelves on the support spacer prevent longitudinal movement of the Nelson stud. The length of the spacer support may be adjusted manually by cutting the body to length or by rotating one threaded member relative to a second to accommodate different thicknesses of walls. The spacer support is preferably plastic but may be metal. In another embodiment, a clamp secures an elongate body portion to a weldment plate projection.

Abstract: An improved chair for supporting intersecting wires forming a wire mesh at a pre-selected elevated position above a bearing surface during formation of a concrete slab is constructed having a base member shaped to rest on the bearing surface, a compressible support structure having a lower section affixed to the base member, a middle section and an upper section affixed to a setting shaped to support the wire mess at the elevated position. The chair is constructed having an improved compressible, generally bell-shape support structure having two pairs of opposing arched-shaped openings in the middle section forming two intersecting arches, each arch having a pair of opposing flexible legs that bow outward when a pre-determined load is applied to the upper section. The support structure further having a strengthening plate affixed on an interior surface of the upper section of the support structure formed by the intersecting arches.

Abstract: A slab bolster upper for supporting rebar in a reinforced concrete structure while the concrete is poured and thereafter cures, is of molded plastic construction and is formed with horizontal and vertical voids that facilitate concrete placement and break up potential shear planes. Opposite ends of each unit are provided with complementary buckles to interconnect with like units to form a continuous support of desired length.

Abstract: A system and method for forming concrete structures, using foam panels as forms, supported by vertical tracks with horizontal bridge pieces inserted through the forms. The bridge pieces are in the form of triangular webs with coaxial rings for supporting vertical rebars centrally between opposing forms. The coaxial rings on opposing bridge pieces key together to securely hold the vertical rebars. At the corners of the structure, corner retaining extrusions are used having fins for retaning the foam panels, and having various included angles such as 60°, 75°, 90°, 120°, 135°, 150° or 165°. Specific types of corner tie pieces for square, obtuse or acute corners are used to connect together the corner retaining extrusions at the inner and outer corners of the structure.

Abstract: A device for stabilizing a plurality of spaced posts comprising an outer frame member; a plurality of bracket assemblies mounted to the outer frame member at a first set of spaced locations thereon to receive the posts; and a plurality of bracing members extending between a second set of spaced locations on the outer frame member, intermediately of the first spaced locations, for stabilizing the outer frame member.

Abstract: Site cast or pre-cast columns aligned and braced by pre-cast pre-stressed floor beams are used to erect a concrete skeleton structure for a building. The ends of the horizontal beams are imbedded in the columns at floor levels to stabilize and complete the skeleton. The horizontal beams are pre-stressed and are cast with passages that permit insertion of continuous reinforcing tendons into a network throughout each floor level. The tendons are subsequently post-tensioned so to tie the beams together and to the columns to reinforce the skeleton. Slab drop-forms starting at the roof and progressing floor-by-floor downward allow monolithic post-tensioned floor slabs to be cast to tie the skeleton into a unitary structure. The beams are usually integrated (buried) into each monolithic floor slab, keyed, doweled and bonded with bonding agent at cold joints to become a part of the slab structure.

Abstract: A re-bar support device comprising a base board and re-bar holders to hold a plurality of re-bars spaced to fit into the holes of the hollow blocks used to build a block wall. The re-bar support device attaches to vertically standing stakes. Several re-bar support devices may be interconnected to cover the desired length of the foundation of the wall. The re-bar support device proposes several methods for easily introducing a re-bar to a re-bar holder and also discloses modifications on the internal side of the body of the re-bar support device to allow a better grip on the re-bars while concrete is poured around them during the formation of the foundation for the wall.

Abstract: In order to accommodate differential expansion between thermal protection panels and a structure to be protected, the present invention provides a stand-off for holding the panels, the stand-off comprising a first portion allowing displacements to take place in a first direction and a second portion allowing displacements to take place in a second direction. Each of the two portions also presents a high degree of stiffness in a direction corresponding to tear-off and crushing forces applies to the panels. The stand-off is made as a single piece having first and second recesses formed therein in order to make the first and second portions respectively in determined orientations so that the resulting stand-off allows displacements to take place in two distinct directions perpendicular to the tear-off and crushing directions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite action system and a method for fabricating the same to meet OSHA safety requirements and allow for welding off the work site. An improved structural system achieves the desired composite behavior by providing one or more structural members, plates coupled with the structural members, transverse reinforcing members passing through apertures in the plates, and additional reinforcing members positioned parallel and transverse to the structural members to provide an interlocking composite action between the structural members, reinforcing members, and concrete.

Abstract: A protective cover for a reinforcing bar including a collar structure defining a perimeter portion and having an open end for receiving the end of a rebar. A cap portion is connected to the collar structure oriented substantially perpendicularly to the collar structure and including a support portion formed integrally with the collar structure. The cap portion further includes a barrier plate supported on the support portion and defining an exposed upper surface of the cover. In one embodiment, a reinforcing plate is disposed beneath the barrier cover and defines an lower surface lower surface within an area defined by the perimeter portion of the collar structure.

Abstract: A quick-connector for terminal fastening of a penetrating rebar (7) to a perpendicularly oriented concrete dowel (2), the connector comprising a wire clip (1) having a deflected segment of wire of the length (L) at least partially made of resilient-elastic metal, wherein the wire clip (1) includes, with respect to a primary turning arc (3), arms (5, 5′) that are mirror-symmetrical to an angle-bisecting plane (4), wherein each arm (5, 5′) forms a deflected secondary turning arc (6, 6′) transverse to the primary turning arc (3) and a clippable hook (8, 8′) that rests force-lockingly into a radial external surface zone (9), of a terminal radial expansion (1), of the concrete dowel (2).

Abstract: A family of light-weight, durable, resilient tile spacers adapted for insertion into intersecting joint spaces between tile courses, and to be left in place after the spaces have been filled with grout. Each spacer has a plurality of thin-walled hollow limbs that project radially into the intersecting joint spaces. The side walls of the limbs are compressed by the tiles on either side of the joint spaces, the amount of compression being limited by the abutment of structural elements formed on the inner faces of the side walls with stops positioned within the limbs. In one embodiment of the invention, pairs of structural elements are mounted to the limbs' respective side walls. In another, pairs of structural elements are mounted to both of the limbs' side walls. Grout figs the submerged hollow limbs during the grouting process and upon curing permanently seals and immobilizes the spacer.

Abstract: A spacer/support having a body portion, a surface engaging portion and a securement to attach the body portion to a weldment plate in tilt-up construction is disclosed. In a first embodiment, the securement includes a plurality of fingers that can snap onto the head of a Nelson stud. A second embodiment is equipped with a flat head that can be secured to the weldment plate using an adhesive. The length of the spacer/support may be adjusted manually by cutting the body to length or by rotating one threaded member relative to a second to accommodate different thicknesses of walls. The spacer/support is preferably plastic but may be metal.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for preparing a U-shaped spacer having a longitudinal axis, wherein the spacer has first and second opposing sides extending from a spacer bottom, and wherein the spacer is to be used as a spacer between glass sheets on insulating frames. A method for producing such spacer features is also disclosed.

Abstract: A spacer support having a body portion, a surface engaging portion and a securement to attach the body portion to a weldment plate in tilt-up construction is disclosed. In a first embodiment, the securement includes a resilient clip that can snap onto a Nelson stud. One or more shelves on the support spacer prevent longitudinal movement of the Nelson stud. The length of the spacer support may be adjusted manually by cutting the body to length or by rotating one threaded member relative to a second to accommodate different thicknesses of walls. The spacer support is preferably plastic but may be metal. In another embodiment, a clamp secures an elongate body portion to a weldment plate projection.

Abstract: A device (10) for positioning a U-channel (20) in a concrete structure, the device (10) including an attachment tube (22) to be secured to two reinforcement bars (80) of the concrete structure, and a body (12) housing two coil springs (7), the body (12) including an upper part (14) and a lower part (16) which are biased away from each other by the springs (7) and the lower part (16) is engageable with the U-channel (20).

Abstract: A bolster for use in construction having a plurality of leg members arranged in generally parallel spaced relationship, a beam integrally formed with the plurality of leg members and extending transversely across the plurality of leg members, and a plate affixed to the bottom of the plurality of leg members and having a generally flat bottom surface. The plate has at least one clip formed on a top surface thereof for fixedly receiving a foot associated with at least one of the leg members.

Abstract: A slab bolster upper for supporting rebar in a reinforced concrete structure while the concrete is poured and thereafter cures, is of molded plastic construction and is formed with horizontal and vertical voids that facilitate concrete placement and break up potential shear planes. Opposite ends of each unit are provided with complementary buckles to interconnect with like units to form a continuous support of desired length.

Abstract: A slab bolster upper for supporting rebar in a reinforced concrete structure while the concrete is poured and thereafter cures, is of molded plastic construction and is formed with horizontal and vertical voids that facilitate concrete placement and break up potential shear planes. Opposite ends of each unit are provided with complementary buckles to interconnect with like units to form a continuous support of desired length.

Abstract: A support apparatus (10) for providing a robust load bearing support for screed rails (12) during the laying of concrete in which the height of the screed rails can be accurately adjusted and supported so as to allow the screed rails to be used for carrying concrete levelling devices such as a roller beam levelling device consists of a ground engaging base block (14), a first member (22) releasably connected at its lower end to the base block and a support member (28) releasably connected to the upper end of the first member for supporting the screed rails (12) at a desired height above the ground (16) where the first member and support member combination is of adjustable length to permit adjustment of the height of the screed rails carried thereby.

Abstract: A chair supports rebar or wire mesh during a concrete pour. The chair is box shaped having grooves in the side walls of different width for supporting rebar of different diameter. Notches in the edge of the grooves on opposite sides of the chair support wire mesh of different diameter. The notches are shaped so the wire mesh is snapped into the notch. Wall like braces extend across the inside of the chair and support the grooves from the opposite wall. The larger grooves are on the short sides of the chair to raise the rebar a longer distance off the underlying surface. In a preferred embodiment, the chair provides two elevations for placement of rebar, namely 2″ and 3″ above an underlying surface. Parts of the box are cut away to promote concrete movement through the chair. Slots are provided to allow air trapped in the concrete to escape from the chair.

Abstract: A spacer element (10) comprises a first engagement portion (12) and a second engagement portion (14). The first engagement portion (12) is arranged to engage in an upper surface of a building block and the second engagement portion (14) is arranged to engage in a lower surface of a second building block. The spacer element (10) comprises two laterally extending arms (16, 18) which project outwardly from the spacer element (10). The laterally extending arms (16, 18) support spacer means in the form of spacer members (20, 22). The spacer members (20, 22) provide an upper contact surface to contact a brick located above and a lower contact surface to contact a lower brick. The spacer element comprises two support members (32, 34). The spacer element (10) provides spacer means which space the next layer of bricks from the lower layer of bricks by a particular distance.

Abstract: A transverse bar assembly for use in constructing rebar mats for reinforcement of concrete paving includes a plurality of chairs and clips each having a lower portion that fixes to a transverse bar in the direction of its length and an upper portion for orthogonally receiving and holding locked in place a longitudinal bar, the chair also having a support extending to a base surface.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support having a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base and having a channel formed at an upper surface thereof, a first clamping structure affixed to the support structure on one side of the channel, and a second clamping structure affixed to the support structure on an opposite side of the channel. A first rebar extends through the channel. A second rebar is retained by the first and second clamping structures in a direction transverse to the first rebar.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support having a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base and having a channel formed at an upper surface thereof, a first clamping structure affixed to the support structure on one side of the channel, and a second clamping structure affixed to the support structure on an opposite side of the channel. Each of the clamping structures has a curved element extending inwardly therefrom. A first rebar extends through the channel. A second rebar is retained by the first and second clamping structures in a direction transverse to the first rebar.

Abstract: A system (100) for positioning and securing angularly directed structural support members (20) to a longitudinally extended structural member (30) of a building includes at least a pair of mounting devices (105, 105′, 105″) respectively mounted to at least one longitudinally extended structural member (30). Each mounting device (105, 105′, 105″) includes a base plate (110) having a plurality of pairs of fixing members (120, 120′, 120″) disposed in spaced longitudinal relationship. A space (118) between each of the pairs of fixing members (120, 120′, 120″) is provided for receiving the angularly directed structural support member (20) therein. Each of the fixing members (120, 120′, 120″) are formed by angularly directed C-shaped channel members. Each channel member has a central web portion (130) bounded on two vertically directed sides by a pair of flanges (132) expending in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A structure is described for supporting concrete reinforcement bars in a substantially orthogonal relationship above a surface. The structure includes a base member having a central opening. At least a pair of long leg members extend upward from the base member on opposite sides of the central opening. At least a pair of short leg members also extend upward from the base member on opposite sides of the central opening, where the short leg members are positioned at about 90 degrees about the central opening relative to the long leg members. Attached to the upper extremities of the long leg members are upper bar-support members having opposing sidewalls which together form a upper channel therebetween. Similarly, attached to the upper extremities of the short leg members are lower bar-support members having opposing sidewalls which together form a lower channel therebetween.

Abstract: A weldless stirrup spacer for manual installation, without a tool, on the concentric or parallel inner and outer reinforcement wire cages of reinforced concrete pipe or other concrete structures so as to position and maintain the cages at the required spaced-apart location. The spacer is formed as a unitary resilient wire member having a pigtail-shaped hook end at one end of a central spanning portion and a fastening end portion at the other end of the spanning portion. When installed, the pigtail-shaped hook end encircles a main reinforcement wire of the inner reinforcement cage, and the fastening end portion resiliently captures an opposed main reinforcement wire of the outer reinforcement cage. The fastening end portion includes a rounded loop portion which extends beyond the outer cage to contact the adjacent mold wall and space the outer reinforcement cage at the appropriate concrete-cover distance from the mold surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides a technique for uniformly spacing deck boards on a deck, as well as protecting the joists of the deck. The invention provides a deck spacer that can be placed over a joist between adjacent deck boards to provide uniform spacing, as well as to cover and protect the portion of the joists which would otherwise be left exposed by the gap between adjacent deck boards.

Abstract: According to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus and method for suspending rebar is disclosed. The rebar isolator of the present invention comprises a pointed metal spike or stake with one or more hollow-bodied rebar supports. Each of the hollow-bodied rebar supports has a support arm which supports the horizontally-positioned rebar. In addition, the spike or stake portion of the rebar isolator has a number of crimped zones which prevent the support arms from shifting downward or rotating in place when the concrete is poured over the horizontally-positioned rebar. The number of crimped zones corresponds to the number of hollow-bodied cylindrical rebar isolator supports and one crimped zone is located immediately below each of the support arms.

Abstract: Support apparatus for supporting one or more objects from a concrete structure includes an insert for embedment in the concrete structure and a hanger rod connected to, extending downwardly from and supported by the insert. The hanger rod includes an end that extends over a top member of the insert and the insert and hanger rod include structure cooperating to maintain the hanger rod at a desired location relative to the insert.

Abstract: A system for reinforcing a concrete structural member comprises a panel oriented longitudinally and at least one frame assembly module. The module is formed with several rod members and with a reinforcement member defines a retention cell having a generally vertically oriented opening for receiving a vertical reinforcement member. An additional rod member can be employed in abutment with an interior surface of the panel. The panel body can hold a connector, such as a mushroom shaped connector, which can be used for mounting the module and also be used in conjunction with a bracer to join two panels and their associated modules together. Adjacent abutting panels can have overlapping reinforcement members, which can be inclined or have angled end portions. Each panel can have associated with it a plurality of retention cells arranged, transversely, longitudinally and vertically. The reinforcement system can be used as part of formwork used in constructing a structural member, or used with conventional formwork.

Abstract: A rebar hanger is arranged for suspending rebars within a concrete form prior to pouring concrete. It is comprised of a downwardly directed form hook for hooking on top of a concrete form. A first rebar hook extends away from the lower end of an inner section of the form hook. The first rebar hook has a first downward dip for supporting a first rebar, and an upwardly directed and recurved distal end. A brace extends from the recurved distal end of the first rebar hook downwardly and outwardly toward an inner side of the concrete form. An inner end of the brace is positioned against the inner side of the form substantially below a position of the first hook. A second rebar hook extends downwardly and inwardly from the inner end of the brace. The second rebar hook has a second downward dip for supporting a second rebar.

Abstract: A masonry reinforcing tie is formed of a pair of spaced apart, parallel elongate elements joined by a series of lateral crossmembers welded or otherwise affixed across the elongate members. The elongate elements and crossmembers are preferably formed of heavy metal wire or rod. The elongate members each include a series of spaced apart joint spacing elements formed integrally therewith, with the spacing elements having a height equal to the standard mortar joint thickness between vertically adjacent courses of block or brick. The spacing elements may be any suitable shape, e.g., V, U, square, etc. as desired, and may be laterally aligned with one another, staggered, and/or evenly or unevenly spaced along the elongate elements as desired. The spacers may be formed during manufacture of the tie by passing the tie through a roller die, stamping the spacers along the elongate elements, etc.

Abstract: A weldless spacer for wire reinforcement of concrete is provided formed of a one piece, stamped design. An upper rail is formed parallel to a lower rail, and a series of vertical support elements are formed parallel to each other but perpendicular to both the upper rail and the lower rail. Flat plate stock, such as galvanized metal is used to formed a corrosion free spacer can supplant entirely the use of conventional reinforcing screens, but can be deployed and used in a manner similar to current conventional techniques.